专题01 非谓语动词（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题01 非谓语动词（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）四类非谓语动词的核心形容词/副词化用法辨析，区分不同形式作定语、表语、状语、补语时的含义与用法差异。 2. 理解并熟练运用非谓语动词的高频固定句型，如：It is + adj. + to do、spend time doing、have difficulty (in) doing、only to do/doing 结果状语句型等。 3. 掌握非谓语动词的时态与语态变化（一般式、进行式、完成式；主动语态、被动语态），理清不同时间先后逻辑与主被动关系。 复习难点： 1. 区分并正确使用现在分词与过去分词作定语、状语、补足语，精准判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的主动/被动、进行/完成关系。 2. 在完形填空、书面写作中灵活选用恰当的非谓语形式，规避中式表达与语法混用错误，提升句式丰富度与得分亮点。 3. 准确辨析易混固定搭配：如stop to do/stop doing、remember to do/remember doing、need doing/need to be done 等高频易错题用法。 考情规律 1. 词汇运用/语法填空：侧重非谓语动词在具体语境中的形式选择，重点考查逻辑主语判断、主被动语态区分、时间先后判断，以及动词+非谓语的固定搭配、介词后动名词的用法。 2. 句型转换/句子翻译：常涉及简单句与非谓语高级句型的改写转换（如把状语从句、定语从句简化为非谓语短语）；汉译英高频考查非谓语作目的、原因、伴随状语以及后置定语的句式套用。 3. 完形与阅读理解：多考查非谓语作分隔修饰成分，结合语境语义辨析，区分谓语动词与非谓语结构，判断句子主干。 4. 书面表达：高分作文核心加分点，阅卷偏爱分词作状语、不定式作目的/结果、非谓语复合结构来优化句式，避免单调简单句堆砌。 知识点1 什么是非谓语动词？ 一个简单句，只能有一个谓语动词。当句子中已经有谓语动词，还需要用到其他动词时，这个动词就必须“变身”，不能做谓语，这就是非谓语动词。 非谓语动词是动词的 “变形体”，不能单独作谓语，但能承担句子其他成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等）。它有三种基本形式： 形式 构成方式 核心含义 不定式 to do 表“要做、去做” （未发生） 动名词 动词-ing形式 表“事情本身” （名词属性） 分词 动词-ing/-ed形式 表 “主动/进行” 或“被动/完成” 👉 记忆口诀：to do 表目的将来，doing 表主动进行，done 表被动完成 知识点2 核心解题三步法 所有非谓语考题本质为逻辑主语与非谓语的关系判断。 1.找逻辑主语：作状语→主句主语；作定语→被修饰名词；作宾补→句中宾语；主/宾语→无需找 2.判主被动关系：逻辑主语发出非谓语动作→主动；逻辑主语承受非谓语动作→被动 3.断动作时间先后：非谓语动作与主句动作同时/后发生→用一般式；非谓语动作先于主句动作发生→用完成式（having done/having been done） 知识点3 动词不定式（to do） 基本形式：to + 动词原形（否定式：not to do；省略to的情况需特殊记忆），具有名词、形容词、副词三重属性。 作主语：表示具体的、一次性的动作或特定目的。常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置，避免句子头重脚轻。 To learn English well is important. → It is important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。） 作宾语：可直接作want, hope, decide, plan, afford等动词的宾语；若接在find, think, feel等动词后，常用it作形式宾语。 She decided to take part in the competition.（她决定参加比赛。） I find it necessary to practice speaking every day.（我发现每天练习口语很有必要。） 作表语：说明主语的身份、性质、目的或动作内容，常与be动词连用。 My goal is to enter a key university.（我的目标是考上重点大学。） 【202509 山东德州高联盟开学考】His goal was 60.______________(combine) the emotional power of Western opera with the beauty of Chinese melody. 作定语：修饰名词或代词，通常置于被修饰词之后，表“要做的事”或“用途”。 I have a lot of homework to finish.（我有很多作业要完成。） This is a good chance to improve your English.（这是提升英语的好机会。） 【202508浙江名校协作体三】Zhou saw an opportunity 58.________ (introduce) Swedes to his hometown's special—beef noodles. 作状语：可表目的、结果、原因或条件，其中表目的时可与in order to/so as to互换（so as to不能用于句首）。 He got up early to catch the first bus.（表目的：他早起去赶第一班公交车。） She was too tired to walk on.（表结果：她太累了，走不动了。） 【202507 湖北衡水中学毕业班摸底考】As spring comes, it is sensible to open the windows 64.________(air) out stuffy homes, remove dirt, and repair any damages that occur during the winter months. 作宾语补足语：用于“主语+动词+宾语+to do”结构，常见动词有ask, tell, want, teach, encourage等；但在make, let, have（使役动词）和see, hear, watch（感官动词）后，不定式需省略to，被动语态中to需还原。 The teacher asked us to hand in our homework.（老师让我们交作业。） We saw him enter the room. → He was seen to enter the room.（我们看见他进了房间。） 以下情况不定式省略to：① 情态动词（除ought to）后；② help后可省可不省；③ 并列不定式中，第二个to可省（如I want to go and see him）。 知识点4 动名词（doing） 基本形式：动词原形+ing（否定式：not doing），兼具动词和名词属性，常表示“抽象、习惯性的动作”。 作主语：表示抽象动作或习惯性行为，可与不定式互换，但更侧重“习惯性”；也可用it作形式主语。 Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最爱的运动。） It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收，作形式主语） 作宾语：① 直接作enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practice, suggest, keep等动词的宾语； ② 作look forward to, be used to, give up, pay attention to等介词短语的宾语（注意：be used to中to是介词，而非不定式符号）； ③ 用于“动词+it+形容词+doing”结构（it为形式宾语）。 She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐。） I am used to getting up early.（我习惯早起。） He found it difficult working out the problem.（他发现解这道题很难。） 【202508 湖北腾云联盟】A major initiative in Wuhan involves 57.___________(upgrade) 396 kilometers of shorelines along the vital Yangtze River Economic Belt. 作表语：说明主语的性质、内容或身份，与主语通常可互换位置（语法仍成立），区别于现在进行时（表语不可与主语互换）。 His hobby is collecting stamps. → Collecting stamps is his hobby.（他的爱好是集邮。） 作定语：修饰名词，置于被修饰词之前，表“用途”或“相关动作”，区别于现在分词（表主动/进行）。 a reading room（阅览室，表用途）a swimming pool（游泳池，表用途） 作同位语：补充说明前面名词的具体内容，常用逗号与名词隔开。 His dream, becoming a doctor, will come true.（他当医生的梦想将会实现。） to do vs doing（高频考点！） 动词 + to do（含义） + doing（含义） forget 忘记要做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） remember 记得要做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 try 努力做某事 尝试做某事 regret 后悔要做某事（未做） 后悔做过某事（已做） 知识点5 现在分词（doing） 基本形式：动词原形+ing（否定式：not doing），兼具动词和形容词、副词属性，核心特征为“主动、进行”。 作定语：修饰名词，置于被修饰词之前或之后（单个分词前置，短语后置），表“主动”或“正在进行”的动作。 a running boy（正在跑步的男孩，主动+进行） The girl singing on the stage is my sister.（在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，后置短语） 【202506 广州市重点中学摸底考试】Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history 56.______ (date) back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. 作表语：说明主语的性质或特征（意为“令人……的”），主语多为物，与现在进行时的区别：表语不可与主语互换。 The movie is very exciting.（这部电影很令人兴奋。） The children are playing games.（现在进行时：孩子们正在玩游戏。） 作状语：可表时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表主动关系。 Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（表时间：走在街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。） Being ill, he didn’t go to school.（表原因：因为生病了，他没去上学。） He sat there, reading a newspaper.（表伴随：他坐在那儿，读着报纸。） 【202507 四川成都市毕业班摸底考试】The park has 157 geological(地质的)sites, 59.___________ (show) different landforms like volcanic rocks, landslide remains, and Danxia landforms. 作宾语补足语：用于“主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+doing”结构，感官动词如see, hear, watch, notice（表“看见/听见动作正在进行”）；使役动词如keep, have, leave（表“使……处于某种状态”）。 I heard her singing in the next room.（我听见她正在隔壁房间唱歌。） The boss kept them working all day.（老板让他们整天工作。） 知识点6 过去分词（done） 基本形式：动词过去分词（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需特殊记忆，否定式：not done），核心特征为“被动、完成”。 作定语：修饰名词，置于被修饰词之前或之后（单个分词前置，短语后置），表“被动”或“已完成”的动作。 a broken cup（一个破杯子，表完成） The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.（鲁迅写的书很受欢迎，表被动+后置短语） 【202507 四川成都市毕业班摸底考试】Kanbula Geopark is well-known for its special landforms 58.____________(shape) by natural forces over time. 作表语：说明主语的状态或感受（意为“感到……的”），主语多为人，常与be, get, become等动词连用，构成被动语态的标志。 I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。） The window was broken by the wind.（窗户被风吹破了，被动语态） 作状语：可表时间、原因、伴随、条件等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表被动关系；也可独立构成“过去分词+介词短语”结构（如given that, judged from）。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.（表条件：从山顶看，这座城市很美。） Deeply moved by his story, we all cried.（表原因：被他的故事深深打动，我们都哭了。） 【202507 江苏省徐州市部分示范性摸底考】62._________(drive) by a passion for ancient Chinese history and culture, Li became committed to promoting and organizing hanfu-related activities after finishing her day job. 作宾语补足语：用于“主语+动词+宾语+done”结构，表宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系，常见动词有have, get, make, find, see, hear等。 I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天剪了头发。） We found the room cleaned.（我们发现房间被打扫过了。） 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1. The cultural exhibition integrates traditional heritage with modern technology, aiming to ______ the unique charm of Chinese civilization and promote cross-cultural exchange. (reveal) 2. The opportunity ______ ourselves to diverse local customs can broaden our horizons and shape our personalities. (expose) 3. Ancient poems ______ in textbooks enable students to appreciate traditional values and literary beauty. (include) 4. Travellers ______ solely cheap accommodation may ignore safety and travel experience. (pursue) 5. National wetlands are more likely ______ public awareness of environmental protection and ecological balance. (arouse) 6.Advanced_____(engineer)technologies are adopted to build green buildings that are both practical and aesthetic. 7. ______(remember) watching a traditional Chinese opera in a foreign city years ago, a British artist said the experience left him a deep impression. 8. In freezing winter, the intelligent greenhouse remains ______(close) to keep plants away from cold wind. 9. A landscape tower ______(inspire) by Chinese classic gardens has become a new local landmark. 10. Many food companies now use packaging ______(design) into two independent parts to store different ingredients separately. 11. When tasting traditional dumplings, you need to choose whether ______(make) a small hole first to let out the soup or eat it whole directly. 12. Many people regard this old town as the ______(recognize) birthplace of traditional local snacks. 13. Delicate dumpling skin enables the snacks ______(pick) up easily without breaking or leaking soup. 14. Delicious local snacks are always never enough for me, leaving me ______(expect) another taste next time. 15. Pandas in the zoo are popular with foreign tourists and regular ______(visit) panda keepers from other cities. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（202507 广东惠州高三第一次调研考试）In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision 40_________(leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography full-time. 2.（202506 广州市重点中学摸底考试）59._________(preserve) this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的) items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 3.（20250725 湖北武汉硚口区质量检测起点考） It's the first large-scale 56______(combine) show of the two famous Chinese inkstones, the Helan Inkstone and the She Inkstone. 4.（202507 深圳高级中学（集团）高三开学考）Seal-engraving art, 57________ (date) back to the Shang dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. 5.（202507 江苏省徐州市部分示范性摸底考）A birthday surprise is not easy 56.________(come) by for 90-year-old Wong, having lived through the majority of the length of human experience. 6.（202507 福建省部分优质高中入学质量检测）These works aim to let more people appreciate the charm of Chinese shadow puppetry in the context of modern art, 65________ (bridge) the gap between tradition and modernity. 7.（202507 福建省泉州市模拟预测）First, you should wash the rice, for those impurities are required 60________(remove). 8.（20250814 湖北腾云联盟）By 2021, an 62.________ (estimate) 196.4 hectares of existing green areas had been restored. 9.（202507 长郡/附中/一中摸底联考）The Ming Dynasty's No.1 shipwreck, 63________ (measure) 37 meters long and 11 meters wide, has yielded 543 artifacts. 10.（202505 雅礼中学月考卷）This manuscript is the oldest Chinese silk writing found so far and the only 58.______(know) one from the Warring States Period found in China. 11.（202508 广东“六校联盟”）37_______(span) 58 days through August 31, the event capitalizes on its peak summer season to engage all age groups with 13 major competitions and 45 sporting disciplines. 12.（202508 湖北省武汉市江汉区新起点摸底考）In nearly a month, Ne Zha 2 leads the global box office with over 14 billion yuan, 41________ (mark) it another phenomenon. 13.（202508 长郡中学三月考）Chengdu Du Fu Thatched Cottage, 36________ (locate) by the Blossom Bathing Brook of Chengdu City, is the former residence of Du Fu. 14.（202508 湖南天壹名校联盟起点考）Chinese sci-fi writer, Wu Yan, is among those 57.________ (welcome) this trend. 15.（ 202508 浙江 Z20 联考）It is an ancient handicraft that creates functional household items 61________ (use) wooden or bamboo frames as structures and green vines as weaving substance. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2025 年全国一卷）We hope 58________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 2.（2025 年全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 62________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine. 3.（2025 年全国二卷） If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.（2024 年新高考 I 卷）These seals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 5.（2024 年新高考 II 卷）Edmondson added that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______(find)the connection between the two great writers. 6.（2024 年浙江卷）However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 7.（2024 年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level’ the national parks, in particular, tend ________(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 8.（2024 年新高考 I 卷）The latest ________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 9.（2024 年新高考 II 卷）_______(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 10.（2024 年浙江卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）四类非谓语动词的核心形容词/副词化用法辨析，区分不同形式作定语、表语、状语、补语时的含义与用法差异。 2. 理解并熟练运用非谓语动词的高频固定句型，如：It is + adj. + to do、spend time doing、have difficulty (in) doing、only to do/doing 结果状语句型等。 3. 掌握非谓语动词的时态与语态变化（一般式、进行式、完成式；主动语态、被动语态），理清不同时间先后逻辑与主被动关系。 复习难点： 1. 区分并正确使用现在分词与过去分词作定语、状语、补足语，精准判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的主动/被动、进行/完成关系。 2. 在完形填空、书面写作中灵活选用恰当的非谓语形式，规避中式表达与语法混用错误，提升句式丰富度与得分亮点。 3. 准确辨析易混固定搭配：如stop to do/stop doing、remember to do/remember doing、need doing/need to be done 等高频易错题用法。 考情规律 1. 词汇运用/语法填空：侧重非谓语动词在具体语境中的形式选择，重点考查逻辑主语判断、主被动语态区分、时间先后判断，以及动词+非谓语的固定搭配、介词后动名词的用法。 2. 句型转换/句子翻译：常涉及简单句与非谓语高级句型的改写转换（如把状语从句、定语从句简化为非谓语短语）；汉译英高频考查非谓语作目的、原因、伴随状语以及后置定语的句式套用。 3. 完形与阅读理解：多考查非谓语作分隔修饰成分，结合语境语义辨析，区分谓语动词与非谓语结构，判断句子主干。 4. 书面表达：高分作文核心加分点，阅卷偏爱分词作状语、不定式作目的/结果、非谓语复合结构来优化句式，避免单调简单句堆砌。 知识点1 什么是非谓语动词？ 一个简单句，只能有一个谓语动词。当句子中已经有谓语动词，还需要用到其他动词时，这个动词就必须“变身”，不能做谓语，这就是非谓语动词。 非谓语动词是动词的 “变形体”，不能单独作谓语，但能承担句子其他成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等）。它有三种基本形式： 形式 构成方式 核心含义 不定式 to do 表“要做、去做” （未发生） 动名词 动词-ing形式 表“事情本身” （名词属性） 分词 动词-ing/-ed形式 表 “主动/进行” 或“被动/完成” 👉 记忆口诀：to do 表目的将来，doing 表主动进行，done 表被动完成 知识点2 核心解题三步法 所有非谓语考题本质为逻辑主语与非谓语的关系判断。 1.找逻辑主语：作状语→主句主语；作定语→被修饰名词；作宾补→句中宾语；主/宾语→无需找 2.判主被动关系：逻辑主语发出非谓语动作→主动；逻辑主语承受非谓语动作→被动 3.断动作时间先后：非谓语动作与主句动作同时/后发生→用一般式；非谓语动作先于主句动作发生→用完成式（having done/having been done） 知识点3 动词不定式（to do） 基本形式：to + 动词原形（否定式：not to do；省略to的情况需特殊记忆），具有名词、形容词、副词三重属性。 作主语：表示具体的、一次性的动作或特定目的。常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置，避免句子头重脚轻。 To learn English well is important. → It is important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。） 作宾语：可直接作want, hope, decide, plan, afford等动词的宾语；若接在find, think, feel等动词后，常用it作形式宾语。 She decided to take part in the competition.（她决定参加比赛。） I find it necessary to practice speaking every day.（我发现每天练习口语很有必要。） 作表语：说明主语的身份、性质、目的或动作内容，常与be动词连用。 My goal is to enter a key university.（我的目标是考上重点大学。） 【202509 山东德州高联盟开学考】His goal was 60.______________(combine) the emotional power of Western opera with the beauty of Chinese melody. 【答案】to combine 【答案】不定式作表语，表主语具体内容。 作定语：修饰名词或代词，通常置于被修饰词之后，表“要做的事”或“用途”。 I have a lot of homework to finish.（我有很多作业要完成。） This is a good chance to improve your English.（这是提升英语的好机会。） 【202508浙江名校协作体三】Zhou saw an opportunity 58.________ (introduce) Swedes to his hometown's special—beef noodles. 【答案】to introduce 【答案】固定搭配 an opportunity to do sth. 做某事的机会，不定式作定语。 作状语：可表目的、结果、原因或条件，其中表目的时可与in order to/so as to互换（so as to不能用于句首）。 He got up early to catch the first bus.（表目的：他早起去赶第一班公交车。） She was too tired to walk on.（表结果：她太累了，走不动了。） 【202507 湖北衡水中学毕业班摸底考】As spring comes, it is sensible to open the windows 64.________(air) out stuffy homes, remove dirt, and repair any damages that occur during the winter months. 【答案】to air 【答案】open windows 的目的是通风，不定式作目的状语。 作宾语补足语：用于“主语+动词+宾语+to do”结构，常见动词有ask, tell, want, teach, encourage等；但在make, let, have（使役动词）和see, hear, watch（感官动词）后，不定式需省略to，被动语态中to需还原。 The teacher asked us to hand in our homework.（老师让我们交作业。） We saw him enter the room. → He was seen to enter the room.（我们看见他进了房间。） 以下情况不定式省略to：① 情态动词（除ought to）后；② help后可省可不省；③ 并列不定式中，第二个to可省（如I want to go and see him）。 知识点4 动名词（doing） 基本形式：动词原形+ing（否定式：not doing），兼具动词和名词属性，常表示“抽象、习惯性的动作”。 作主语：表示抽象动作或习惯性行为，可与不定式互换，但更侧重“习惯性”；也可用it作形式主语。 Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最爱的运动。） It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收，作形式主语） 作宾语：① 直接作enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practice, suggest, keep等动词的宾语； ② 作look forward to, be used to, give up, pay attention to等介词短语的宾语（注意：be used to中to是介词，而非不定式符号）； ③ 用于“动词+it+形容词+doing”结构（it为形式宾语）。 She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐。） I am used to getting up early.（我习惯早起。） He found it difficult working out the problem.（他发现解这道题很难。） 【202508 湖北腾云联盟】A major initiative in Wuhan involves 57.___________(upgrade) 396 kilometers of shorelines along the vital Yangtze River Economic Belt. 【答案】upgrading 【答案】固定搭配 involve doing sth. 包含/参与做某事，后接动名词。 作表语：说明主语的性质、内容或身份，与主语通常可互换位置（语法仍成立），区别于现在进行时（表语不可与主语互换）。 His hobby is collecting stamps. → Collecting stamps is his hobby.（他的爱好是集邮。） 作定语：修饰名词，置于被修饰词之前，表“用途”或“相关动作”，区别于现在分词（表主动/进行）。 a reading room（阅览室，表用途）a swimming pool（游泳池，表用途） 作同位语：补充说明前面名词的具体内容，常用逗号与名词隔开。 His dream, becoming a doctor, will come true.（他当医生的梦想将会实现。） to do vs doing（高频考点！） 动词 + to do（含义） + doing（含义） forget 忘记要做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） remember 记得要做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 try 努力做某事 尝试做某事 regret 后悔要做某事（未做） 后悔做过某事（已做） 知识点5 现在分词（doing） 基本形式：动词原形+ing（否定式：not doing），兼具动词和形容词、副词属性，核心特征为“主动、进行”。 作定语：修饰名词，置于被修饰词之前或之后（单个分词前置，短语后置），表“主动”或“正在进行”的动作。 a running boy（正在跑步的男孩，主动+进行） The girl singing on the stage is my sister.（在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，后置短语） 【202506 广州市重点中学摸底考试】Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history 56.______ (date) back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. 【答案】dating 【答案】固定结构 a history dating back to...（追溯到……的历史），history 与 date back 主动，现在分词作后置定语。 作表语：说明主语的性质或特征（意为“令人……的”），主语多为物，与现在进行时的区别：表语不可与主语互换。 The movie is very exciting.（这部电影很令人兴奋。） The children are playing games.（现在进行时：孩子们正在玩游戏。） 作状语：可表时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表主动关系。 Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（表时间：走在街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。） Being ill, he didn’t go to school.（表原因：因为生病了，他没去上学。） He sat there, reading a newspaper.（表伴随：他坐在那儿，读着报纸。） 【202507 四川成都市毕业班摸底考试】The park has 157 geological(地质的)sites, 59.___________ (show) different landforms like volcanic rocks, landslide remains, and Danxia landforms. 【答案】showing 【答案】句中已有谓语 has，此处为现在分词作伴随/结果状语，主语 sites 与 show 主动，用 doing。 作宾语补足语：用于“主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+doing”结构，感官动词如see, hear, watch, notice（表“看见/听见动作正在进行”）；使役动词如keep, have, leave（表“使……处于某种状态”）。 I heard her singing in the next room.（我听见她正在隔壁房间唱歌。） The boss kept them working all day.（老板让他们整天工作。） 知识点6 过去分词（done） 基本形式：动词过去分词（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需特殊记忆，否定式：not done），核心特征为“被动、完成”。 作定语：修饰名词，置于被修饰词之前或之后（单个分词前置，短语后置），表“被动”或“已完成”的动作。 a broken cup（一个破杯子，表完成） The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.（鲁迅写的书很受欢迎，表被动+后置短语） 【202507 四川成都市毕业班摸底考试】Kanbula Geopark is well-known for its special landforms 58.____________(shape) by natural forces over time. 【答案】shaped 【答案】逻辑主语 landforms 与 shape（塑造）为被动关系，地貌是被自然力量塑造，过去分词作后置定语。 作表语：说明主语的状态或感受（意为“感到……的”），主语多为人，常与be, get, become等动词连用，构成被动语态的标志。 I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。） The window was broken by the wind.（窗户被风吹破了，被动语态） 作状语：可表时间、原因、伴随、条件等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表被动关系；也可独立构成“过去分词+介词短语”结构（如given that, judged from）。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.（表条件：从山顶看，这座城市很美。） Deeply moved by his story, we all cried.（表原因：被他的故事深深打动，我们都哭了。） 【202507 江苏省徐州市部分示范性摸底考】62._________(drive) by a passion for ancient Chinese history and culture, Li became committed to promoting and organizing hanfu-related activities after finishing her day job. 【答案】Driven 【答案】逻辑主语 Li 与 drive（驱使）是被动关系，被热情驱使，过去分词作原因状语。 作宾语补足语：用于“主语+动词+宾语+done”结构，表宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系，常见动词有have, get, make, find, see, hear等。 I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天剪了头发。） We found the room cleaned.（我们发现房间被打扫过了。） 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1. The cultural exhibition integrates traditional heritage with modern technology, aiming to ______ the unique charm of Chinese civilization and promote cross-cultural exchange. (reveal) 2. The opportunity ______ ourselves to diverse local customs can broaden our horizons and shape our personalities. (expose) 3. Ancient poems ______ in textbooks enable students to appreciate traditional values and literary beauty. (include) 4. Travellers ______ solely cheap accommodation may ignore safety and travel experience. (pursue) 5. National wetlands are more likely ______ public awareness of environmental protection and ecological balance. (arouse) 6.Advanced_____(engineer)technologies are adopted to build green buildings that are both practical and aesthetic. 7. ______(remember) watching a traditional Chinese opera in a foreign city years ago, a British artist said the experience left him a deep impression. 8. In freezing winter, the intelligent greenhouse remains ______(close) to keep plants away from cold wind. 9. A landscape tower ______(inspire) by Chinese classic gardens has become a new local landmark. 10. Many food companies now use packaging ______(design) into two independent parts to store different ingredients separately. 11. When tasting traditional dumplings, you need to choose whether ______(make) a small hole first to let out the soup or eat it whole directly. 12. Many people regard this old town as the ______(recognize) birthplace of traditional local snacks. 13. Delicate dumpling skin enables the snacks ______(pick) up easily without breaking or leaking soup. 14. Delicious local snacks are always never enough for me, leaving me ______(expect) another taste next time. 15. Pandas in the zoo are popular with foreign tourists and regular ______(visit) panda keepers from other cities. 【答案】1. reveal 2. to expose 3. included 4. pursuing 5. to arouse 6. engineering 7. Remembering 8. closed 9. inspired 10. designed 11. to make 12. recognized 13. to be picked 14. expecting 15. visiting 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（202507 广东惠州高三第一次调研考试）In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision 40_________(leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography full-time. 【答案】to leave 【答案】固定搭配 the decision to do sth. 做某事的决定，不定式作后置定语。 2.（202506 广州市重点中学摸底考试）59._________(preserve) this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的) items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 【答案】To preserve 【答案】位于句首，表目的，用不定式作目的状语。 3.（20250725 湖北武汉硚口区质量检测起点考） It's the first large-scale 56______(combine) show of the two famous Chinese inkstones, the Helan Inkstone and the She Inkstone. 【答案】combining 【答案】combining show 复合型定语，combine 与 show 逻辑主动，现在分词作定语，表示“综合性的”。 4.（202507 深圳高级中学（集团）高三开学考）Seal-engraving art, 57________ (date) back to the Shang dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. 【答案】dating 【答案】date back to 无被动，art 与 date back 主动，现在分词作非限制性定语。 5.（202507 江苏省徐州市部分示范性摸底考）A birthday surprise is not easy 56.________(come) by for 90-year-old Wong, having lived through the majority of the length of human experience. 【答案】 to come 【答案】固定句型 sth. + be + adj. + to do，不定式主动形式表被动含义。 6.（202507 福建省部分优质高中入学质量检测）These works aim to let more people appreciate the charm of Chinese shadow puppetry in the context of modern art, 65________ (bridge) the gap between tradition and modernity. 【答案】bridging 【答案】主句谓语 aim，现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。 7.（202507 福建省泉州市模拟预测）First, you should wash the rice, for those impurities are required 60________(remove). 【答案】to be removed 【答案】固定搭配 require sth. to be done 某物需要被处理，impurities 与 remove 被动，用不定式被动式。 8.（20250814 湖北腾云联盟）By 2021, an 62.________ (estimate) 196.4 hectares of existing green areas had been restored. 【答案】estimated 【答案】过去分词作定语，an estimated 196.4 hectares 意为“据估计的196.4公顷”。 9.（202507 长郡/附中/一中摸底联考）The Ming Dynasty's No.1 shipwreck, 63________ (measure) 37 meters long and 11 meters wide, has yielded 543 artifacts. 【答案】measuring 【答案】measure 表示“长/宽/高为……”时无被动，主动形式表含义，现在分词作定语。 10.（202505 雅礼中学月考卷）This manuscript is the oldest Chinese silk writing found so far and the only 58.______(know) one from the Warring States Period found in China. 【答案】known 【答案】过去分词作定语，the only known one 唯一已知的一件。 11.（202508 广东“六校联盟”）37_______(span) 58 days through August 31, the event capitalizes on its peak summer season to engage all age groups with 13 major competitions and 45 sporting disciplines. 【答案】Spanning 【答案】主语 the event 与 span（持续）主动，现在分词置于句首作状语。 12.（202508 湖北省武汉市江汉区新起点摸底考）In nearly a month, Ne Zha 2 leads the global box office with over 14 billion yuan, 41________ (mark) it another phenomenon. 【答案】marking 【答案】现在分词作结果状语，票房成绩创下新现象，表顺理成章的结果。 13.（202508 长郡中学三月考）Chengdu Du Fu Thatched Cottage, 36________ (locate) by the Blossom Bathing Brook of Chengdu City, is the former residence of Du Fu. 【答案】located 【答案】固定搭配 (be) located in/by... 位于……，过去分词作定语。 14.（202508 湖南天壹名校联盟起点考）Chinese sci-fi writer, Wu Yan, is among those 57.________ (welcome) this trend. 【答案】welcoming 【答案】those 指代人，与 welcome（乐于接受）主动，现在分词作后置定语。 15.（ 202508 浙江 Z20 联考）It is an ancient handicraft that creates functional household items 61________ (use) wooden or bamboo frames as structures and green vines as weaving substance. 【答案】using 【答案】主句谓语 creates，现在分词作方式状语，用竹木框架作为结构。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2025 年全国一卷）We hope 58________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【答案】to present 【答案】固定搭配 hope to do sth. 希望做某事。 2.（2025 年全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 62________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine. 【答案】 to discover 【答案】the chance to do sth. 做某事的机会，不定式作后置定语。 3.（2025 年全国二卷） If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【答案】sheet or shirt 与 leave（放置）被动，过去分词作后置定语，被放在阳光下晾晒。 4.（2024 年新高考 I 卷）These seals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【答案】不定式作目的状语，开窗为了给植物阳光和空气。 5.（2024 年新高考 II 卷）Edmondson added that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______(find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【答案】固定搭配 be amazed to do sth. 惊讶地发现。 6.（2024 年浙江卷）However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【答案】to benefit 【答案】不定式作目的状语，为了享受降价优惠。 7.（2024 年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level’ the national parks, in particular, tend ________(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【答案】固定搭配 tend to do sth. 往往/倾向于做某事。 8.（2024 年新高考 I 卷）The latest ________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】engineering 【答案】动名词作定语，engineering techniques 工程技术。 9.（2024 年新高考 II 卷）_______(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】Recalling 【答案】主语 Edmondson 与 recall（回忆）主动，现在分词置于句首作状语。 10.（2024 年浙江卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【答案】packs 与 design（设计）被动，过去分词作后置定语。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $