专题04 主语从句和情态动词（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题04 主语从句和情态动词（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握主语从句的引导词分类与用法：连接代词（what, who, which, whatever等）、连接副词（when, where, why, how）、从属连词（that, whether）的辨析与正确选用。 2. 理解并熟练运用it作形式主语的经典句型（It is + adj./n./过去分词 + that从句；It happens/seems/turns out that...等），掌握从句后置的规范表达。 3. 掌握主语从句的三大语法规则：从句一律陈述语序、主谓一致判定、时态呼应；区分what与that、whether与if在主语从句中的用法差异。 复习难点： 1. 区分并正确使用易混引导词：what与that、whether与if、wh-ever类词的精准区分，避免语序和引导词误用。 2. 在完形填空、书面写作中灵活运用主语从句，实现句式升级，同时规避主语冗长、主谓不一致、标点误用等问题。 3. 主语从句与定语从句、同位语从句的跨复合句辨析，复杂长难句中快速识别主语从句主干。 考情规律 1. 词汇&语法运用：侧重引导词在具体语境中的选择，高频考查what/that/whether的辨析，以及固定形容词、名词搭配后的主语从句引导搭配。 2. 句型转换与句子翻译：常考查普通陈述句与it形式主语句型的互换；简单句改写为主语从句复合句；汉译英中主语从句的地道输出。 3. 阅读与写作：阅读理解长难句识别拆分；写作中用主语从句提升句式高级感，是高分作文的提分亮点。 知识点1 何为主语从句？ 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句。它通常位于句首，但有时为了平衡句子结构，会用 it 作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。它通常由连接词（如 that、what、who、whether 等）引导，整个从句相当于一个名词，表示“一件事、一个问题或一个事实”。主语从句一般出现在句首，谓语动词之前。 That he is honest is known to all.（他诚实是众所周知的。） What he said is true.（他说的是真的。） Whether she will come is still unknown.（她是否会来仍未知。） 📌 “头重脚轻用 it，真正主语放后面” 🧠当主语从句太长，我们常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的从句移到句末，让句子更平衡！ 🔁 形式主语 it 的常见句型 It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 It is important that we be honest.（诚实很重要。） It + be + 名词 + that 从句 It is a shame that we can’t be together.（不能在一起真遗憾。） It + 动词 + that 从句 It seems that he is tired.（他似乎累了。） It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It is said that the meeting was canceled.（据说会议取消了。） 知识点2 主语从句的引导词分类及用法 1.从属连词 that；if / whether (or not) that：无词义/纯连接；if/whether：“是否” 2.连接代词 who(ever)/whom(ever) /whose/which(ever)/what(ever) 3.连接副词 when(ever)/why /where (ever) /how(ever) 🎯 主语从句的常见引导词 引导词类型 示例 作用 从属连词 that, whether,if 不作成分，只起连接作用 连接代词 what, who,whom,whose,which 在从句中作主语，宾语等 连接介词 when,where,how,why 在从句中作状语 无成分、无意义，引导陈述意义的从句；句首不可省，口语中可省略；常用it作形式主语，从句置后。 That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（地球绕着太阳转是众所周知的。） 不充当成分；whether可置于句首，if引导的主语从句不能放句首；均可借助it作形式主语，从句置尾， 表“是否”。 Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.（我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气。） who/whom/whose指人，what/which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语；whoever/ whatever /whichever 分别指人/物，在从句中作主语、宾语。 - What we need is more time.（what 在从句中作宾语，我们需要的是更多时间。） - Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（who 在从句中作主语，谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。） - Whose book this is is still a mystery.（whose 在从句中作定语，这是谁的书仍然是个谜。） when/where/why/how分别表时间、地点、原因、方式，在从句中作状语。 - When we will start the project is not clear.（when 在从句中作时间状语，我们何时开始这个项目不清楚。） - Where the meeting will be held has been changed.（where 在从句中作地点状语，会议将在哪里举行已经改变。） - Why he was late again puzzled the teacher.（why 在从句中作原因状语，他为什么又迟到让老师很困惑。） - How we can solve this problem needs to be discussed.（how 在从句中作方式状语，我们如何解决这个问题需要讨论。） 1.It be + adj. + 从句 obvious/clear/ certain/true；表惊奇等语气时，从句用“(should) + do”虚拟语气  It is necessary that we (should) study hard. 2.It be + n. + 从句 a pity/a shame/a surprise /a fact/an honor/a wonder /common sense  It is a pity that she cannot come. 3.It be + 过去分词 + 从句 believed /thought/suggested/ordered/required等；suggested等词后从句用“(should) + do”  It is suggested that we (should) eat more vegetables. 4.It + 不及物动词 + 从句 appear/seem /happen/occur to me. It occurred to me that I forgot to send the letter. 知识点3 主语从句的主谓一致 1. 单个从句作主语：谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句，谓语动词看表语单复数。 - That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. - What he needs is that book. - What they need are some books. 2. 多个从句作主语：由两个或以上连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语用单数；and连接两个或以上主语从句，谓语用复数。 - When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. - When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1. ______ he will come to the party tomorrow is still unknown. 2. ______ team will win the match is hard to say. 3. It is uncertain ______ the meeting will be held next week. 4. ______ caused the accident remains a mystery. 5. It is a pity ______ you didn’t attend the lecture. 6. ______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. 7. It is important ______ we should learn English well. 8. ______ the earth is round is a well-known fact. 9. It depends on the weather ______ we will go camping this weekend. 10. ______ breaks the rules should be punished. 11. It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel. 12. ______ she needs is a good rest. 13. It is strange ______ he didn’t come to school yesterday. 14. ______ country wins the most gold medals will host the next games. 15. It is not clear ______ the government will take action to solve the problem. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.It is + 形容词 + that 从句（重要性 / 必要性 / 可能性的是） 在高中，我们养成良好的时间管理习惯很重要。 通过写日记来提高英语写作水平是有可能的。 2.What + matters/accounts most + is + that ...（重要的是） 重要的是我们应该耐心和细致。 我们重要的是每个人应该为减少塑料垃圾所做的努力。 3.It is a fact/truth that 从句（事实是...） 定期锻炼能增强免疫系统是事实。 努力是实现梦想的关键是真理。 4.It is unknown/unclear that/where/when 从句（尚不清楚... ...） 这座古建筑最初建于何时尚不清楚。 昨天放学后，这个失踪的学生去了哪里仍不明确。 5.What made me touched/ shocked was that...（让我感动/震惊的是） 让我感动的是老人亲自把我的钱包还给了我。 让我震惊的是，这个小女孩获得了一等奖。 6.It is a pity/shame that 从句（遗憾 / 可惜的是... ...） 他因为生病错过了重要的考试，真是遗憾。 有些人仍在公共场所乱扔垃圾，真是可惜。 7.It turns out that 从句（结果是 / 原来是... ...） 原来我们昨天遇到的陌生人是我们的新邻居。 结果证明，他的成功不是因为运气，而是因为努力。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2024全国甲卷】How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. 2.【2024浙江1月卷】If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____39____ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ___42___ they need an English trainer. 4.【2022年北京卷】 It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 5.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Mental health involves________ you procees things such as stress and anxiety. 6.【2021.6新高考1卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 7．【2021年天津卷第一次】What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A. whether B. why C. what D. when 8.【2021年天津卷第二次】 It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. 9. （2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. A. whether B. why C. when D. where 10.（2020天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said. 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握核心情态动词（can/could, may/might, must/have to, shall/should, will/would, need, dare）的基础词义与常规用法辨析。 2. 熟练运用情态动词表推测、可能性的用法：对现在、过去、将来不同时间维度的肯定、否定、可能性推测句式。 3. 掌握情态动词+have done结构（must have done, should have done, could have done, needn’t have done等）的含义与语境应用。 复习难点： 1. 区分相近情态动词细微差别：must与have to、should与ought to、can与be able to的语境与语气差异。 2. 精准区分情态动词客观能力、许可、义务、建议、推测、虚拟语气等多重语义，在动态语境中准确判断。 3. 情态动词特殊句式（否定转移、反义疑问句、委婉语气），以及在完形、语法填空、写作高级表达中的灵活活用。 考情规律 1. 语法填空&选择题：高频考查情态动词+have done表对过去的推测/后悔责备；不同语气场景下情态动词的最优选型。 2. 句型翻译&改错：常涉及义务、建议、责备、遗憾等情感语气的翻译；辨析并改正情态动词搭配与时态错误。 3. 完形填空：结合上下文语境，考查情态动词暗含的语气强弱、说话人态度、可能性等级，侧重语境逻辑而非单纯词义。 知识点1 什么是情态动词？ 情态动词（Modal verb）是一类表示说话人的能力、预期或情感等的特殊动词。有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与连系动词或行为动词原形等一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。 常见的情态动词有can (could)、may (might)、must、need、shall (should)、will (would)、ought to等 。情态动词无人称和数的变化，即无论主语是第几人称，单数还是复数，情态动词的形式都不改变；后面总是接动词原形；其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not。 知识点2 常见情态动词的用法 （一）can与could 1. 表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 I can speak English.（我会说英语。） When I was young, I could run very fast.（我年轻时能跑得很快。） 2. 表示请求和允许：用于疑问句中，could比can语气更委婉，但回答时通常用can。 Can/Could I use your pen? （我可以用你的笔吗？）Yes, you can.（是的，可以。） 3. 表示可能性：通常用于否定句和疑问句中。can't表示“不可能” ，could表示可能性比can小。 That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。）Could it be Tom?（可能是汤姆吗？） （二）may与might 1. 表示请求和允许：may表示“可以”，might语气更委婉，通常用于正式场合或向陌生人请求。 May I have a look at your book?（我可以看看你的书吗？） She asked if she might borrow my dictionary.（她问是否可以借我的字典。） 2. 表示可能性：意为“也许，可能”，might表示的可能性比may更小。 It may/might rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。） （三）must与mustn't 1. 表示必要性和义务：意为“必须”。 You must finish your homework before you go out.（你出去之前必须完成作业。） 2. 表示推测：用于肯定句中，表示非常肯定的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。 He must be at home because his car is in the driveway.（他一定在家，因为他的车在车道上。） 3. 注意：must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”，而表示“不必”要用needn't或don't have to。 You mustn't smoke here.（你不能在这里吸烟。）You needn't come so early.（你不必来这么早。） （四）shall与should 1. shall：用于第一人称（I/we）的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或提出建议；用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 Shall we go for a walk?（我们去散步好吗？） You shall get a reward if you finish the work on time.（如果你按时完成工作，你会得到奖励。） 2. should：表示“应该”，强调责任或义务；还可以表示推测，意为“应该会，可能”，语气比must弱 。 You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。） It should be a fine day tomorrow.（明天应该是个好天气。） 另外，should还可用于虚拟语气中 If I were you, I should go there at once.（如果我是你，我就立刻去那里。） （五）will与would 1. 表示意愿：will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿或委婉的请求。 I will help you if you need me.（如果你需要我，我会帮助你。） Would you please pass me the book?（你能把书递给我吗？） 2. 表示习惯性动作：will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。 He will often sit for hours without saying a word.（他常常一坐几个小时不说一句话。） When he was young, he would go swimming every day in summer.（他年轻时，夏天每天都去游泳。） （六）ought to 表示“应该”，语气比should稍强，强调客观上有责任或有必要做某事。 You ought to take care of your parents.（你应该照顾你的父母。） （七）其他：need与dare 1. need：作情态动词时，通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”。 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。）Need I go there now?（我现在需要去那里吗？） 作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，后面接动词不定式，即need to do sth.。 He needs to buy a new book.（他需要买一本新书。） 2. dare：作情态动词时，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，表示“敢”。 I dare not tell him the truth.（我不敢告诉他真相。） Dare you go out alone at night?（你晚上敢一个人出去吗？） 作实义动词时，同样有人称和数的变化，后面接动词不定式，即dare to do sth.。 She doesn't dare to speak in public.（她不敢在公众场合发言。） 知识点3 情态动词 + have done 1. should / ought to have done：表示“本应该做某事而实际上没有做”，其否定形式表示“本不应该做某事却做了”，含有责备或遗憾的意味。 You should/ought to have come earlier.（你本应该早点来。） You shouldn't/oughtn't to have told him the secret.（你本不该把秘密告诉他。） 2. could have done：表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，也可用于虚拟语气中。 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless.（我本来能通过考试的，但我太粗心了。） If I had had enough money, I could have bought that car.（如果我当时有足够的钱，我就可以买那辆车了。） 3. would have done：常用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去情况的假设，“本来会做某事”。 If it hadn't rained yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.（如果昨天没下雨，我们就去野餐了。） 4. needn't have done：表示“本不必做某事却做了”。 You needn't have bought so much food. There will only be a few people coming.（你本不必买这么多食物，只会来几个人。） 5.must have done（一定做过某事），表示非常肯定的推测；may/might have done（可能做过某事），表示可能性较小的推测。 He must have arrived home last night.（他昨晚一定到家了。） She may/might have forgotten to tell you.（她可能忘了告诉你。） He can't/couldn't have seen her yesterday. She was abroad.（他昨天不可能见过她，她在国外。） They may not/might not have received your letter yet.（他们可能还没收到你的信。） 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they   1   (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However, people believe if Peter   2   (work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.  At home, their parents suggest that they   3   (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it   4   (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.  One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover   5   (happy), and handed it in as his own homework the next day.  When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter. “How I wish you 6   (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I   7   (give) you a good lesson. And you mustn’t play any computer games for a month! ” “Oh, no! Mom. Without a computer for such a long time, I   8   (die). I would rather you   9   (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.  “If you   10   (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now,” said the mother. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1. (2023·宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市·期末考试) The traffic is heavy these days, I __________ (arrive) a bit late, so could you save me a place? 2. (2023·广东省广州市·月考试卷) George __________ (go) too far. His coffee is still warm. 3. (2023·天津市市辖区·月考试卷) He speaks English with a strong American accent, so he __________ (be) brought up in Britain. 4. (2022·天津市·模拟题)—I can’t find my purse anywhere.—You ______ (lose) it while shopping. 5. (2022·天津市·专项测试)—I think you __________ there in person; a phone call would have been fine. —It’s OK and I was so glad to have seen your mum. 6. (2022·全国·同步练习) If it __________ (be) for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 7. (2022·天津市·模拟题)—What is the news about?—According to the new law, people who are guilty of drunken driving __________ (face) a fine of up to 2000 yuan. 8. (2022·天津市市辖区·模拟题) I have been writing a novel which is based on a real love story and it __________ (be) ready early next month. 9. (2022·天津市·历年真题) It used to be that you __________ (drive) for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 10. (2022·天津市·专项测试) No student __________ (go) out of school after eleven o’clock at night without the teacher’s permission. 11. (2022·天津市·模拟题)— Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you. — The door __________ (open), no matter how hard I pushed. 12. (2022·福建省厦门市·月考试卷) Had it not been for their timely rescue, the old lady __________ (lose) her life. 13. (2022·福建省厦门市·月考试卷) During the outbreak of the pandemic, it was required that all the residents in this community __________ (take) a medical check every day. 14. (2021·天津河东一模)—Where is my Chinese book? I remember I put it here yesterday. —You __________ (put) it in the wrong place. 15. (2021·湖北四地七校第一次联考) It is high time that you __________ (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. 16. (2021·肇庆模拟) He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing __________ (happen). 17. (2021·澳门特别行政区·单元测试) Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I __________ (dance) as well as her. 18. (2021·澳门特别行政区·其他类型) My advice is that he __________ (go) there at once. 19. (2021·澳门特别行政区·单元测试) Peter __________ (come) with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. 20. (2021·黑龙江省哈尔滨市·月考试卷) I __________ (go) through that bitter period without your generous help. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 2．【2021年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A．need B．should C．could D．must 3.【2021年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn’t have made D. needn't have made 4.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. 5．【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A．must B．can C．need D．should 6．【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't 7. 【2020年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 8.【2019年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 9.【2018年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A.need B. should C. can D. must 10. 【2018年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A.drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 主语从句和情态动词（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握主语从句的引导词分类与用法：连接代词（what, who, which, whatever等）、连接副词（when, where, why, how）、从属连词（that, whether）的辨析与正确选用。 2. 理解并熟练运用it作形式主语的经典句型（It is + adj./n./过去分词 + that从句；It happens/seems/turns out that...等），掌握从句后置的规范表达。 3. 掌握主语从句的三大语法规则：从句一律陈述语序、主谓一致判定、时态呼应；区分what与that、whether与if在主语从句中的用法差异。 复习难点： 1. 区分并正确使用易混引导词：what与that、whether与if、wh-ever类词的精准区分，避免语序和引导词误用。 2. 在完形填空、书面写作中灵活运用主语从句，实现句式升级，同时规避主语冗长、主谓不一致、标点误用等问题。 3. 主语从句与定语从句、同位语从句的跨复合句辨析，复杂长难句中快速识别主语从句主干。 考情规律 1. 词汇&语法运用：侧重引导词在具体语境中的选择，高频考查what/that/whether的辨析，以及固定形容词、名词搭配后的主语从句引导搭配。 2. 句型转换与句子翻译：常考查普通陈述句与it形式主语句型的互换；简单句改写为主语从句复合句；汉译英中主语从句的地道输出。 3. 阅读与写作：阅读理解长难句识别拆分；写作中用主语从句提升句式高级感，是高分作文的提分亮点。 知识点1 何为主语从句？ 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句。它通常位于句首，但有时为了平衡句子结构，会用 it 作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。它通常由连接词（如 that、what、who、whether 等）引导，整个从句相当于一个名词，表示“一件事、一个问题或一个事实”。主语从句一般出现在句首，谓语动词之前。 That he is honest is known to all.（他诚实是众所周知的。） What he said is true.（他说的是真的。） Whether she will come is still unknown.（她是否会来仍未知。） 📌 “头重脚轻用 it，真正主语放后面” 🧠当主语从句太长，我们常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的从句移到句末，让句子更平衡！ 🔁 形式主语 it 的常见句型 It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 It is important that we be honest.（诚实很重要。） It + be + 名词 + that 从句 It is a shame that we can’t be together.（不能在一起真遗憾。） It + 动词 + that 从句 It seems that he is tired.（他似乎累了。） It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It is said that the meeting was canceled.（据说会议取消了。） 知识点2 主语从句的引导词分类及用法 1.从属连词 that；if / whether (or not) that：无词义/纯连接；if/whether：“是否” 2.连接代词 who(ever)/whom(ever) /whose/which(ever)/what(ever) 3.连接副词 when(ever)/why /where (ever) /how(ever) 🎯 主语从句的常见引导词 引导词类型 示例 作用 从属连词 that, whether,if 不作成分，只起连接作用 连接代词 what, who,whom,whose,which 在从句中作主语，宾语等 连接介词 when,where,how,why 在从句中作状语 （一）从属连词that 无成分、无意义，引导陈述意义的从句；句首不可省，口语中可省略；常用it作形式主语，从句置后。 That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（地球绕着太阳转是众所周知的。） （二）从属连词if/whether 不充当成分；whether可置于句首，if引导的主语从句不能放句首；均可借助it作形式主语，从句置尾， 表“是否”。 Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.（我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气。） （三）Wh-连接代词 who/whom/whose指人，what/which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语；whoever/ whatever /whichever 分别指人/物，在从句中作主语、宾语。 - What we need is more time.（what 在从句中作宾语，我们需要的是更多时间。） - Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（who 在从句中作主语，谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。） - Whose book this is is still a mystery.（whose 在从句中作定语，这是谁的书仍然是个谜。） （四）Wh-连接副词 when/where/why/how分别表时间、地点、原因、方式，在从句中作状语。 - When we will start the project is not clear.（when 在从句中作时间状语，我们何时开始这个项目不清楚。） - Where the meeting will be held has been changed.（where 在从句中作地点状语，会议将在哪里举行已经改变。） - Why he was late again puzzled the teacher.（why 在从句中作原因状语，他为什么又迟到让老师很困惑。） - How we can solve this problem needs to be discussed.（how 在从句中作方式状语，我们如何解决这个问题需要讨论。） （五）it作形式主语的句型 1.It be + adj. + 从句 obvious/clear/ certain/true；表惊奇等语气时，从句用“(should) + do”虚拟语气  It is necessary that we (should) study hard. 2.It be + n. + 从句 a pity/a shame/a surprise /a fact/an honor/a wonder /common sense  It is a pity that she cannot come. 3.It be + 过去分词 + 从句 believed /thought/suggested/ordered/required等；suggested等词后从句用“(should) + do”  It is suggested that we (should) eat more vegetables. 4.It + 不及物动词 + 从句 appear/seem /happen/occur to me. It occurred to me that I forgot to send the letter. 知识点3 主语从句的主谓一致 1. 单个从句作主语：谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句，谓语动词看表语单复数。 - That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. - What he needs is that book. - What they need are some books. 2. 多个从句作主语：由两个或以上连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语用单数；and连接两个或以上主语从句，谓语用复数。 - When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. - When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1. ______ he will come to the party tomorrow is still unknown. 2. ______ team will win the match is hard to say. 3. It is uncertain ______ the meeting will be held next week. 4. ______ caused the accident remains a mystery. 5. It is a pity ______ you didn’t attend the lecture. 6. ______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. 7. It is important ______ we should learn English well. 8. ______ the earth is round is a well-known fact. 9. It depends on the weather ______ we will go camping this weekend. 10. ______ breaks the rules should be punished. 11. It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel. 12. ______ she needs is a good rest. 13. It is strange ______ he didn’t come to school yesterday. 14. ______ country wins the most gold medals will host the next games. 15. It is not clear ______ the government will take action to solve the problem. 【答案】1. Whether：主语从句表“是否”，且位于句首，只能用whether（if不能引导句首主语从句）。 2. Which：表“哪一个”，后接名词team，强调选择范围。 3. whether：it作形式主语，真正主语从句表“是否”，句中可用whether（if也可，但whether更正式）。 4. What：主语从句中缺主语（“什么导致事故”），what=the thing that。 5. that：it作形式主语，真正主语从句为“遗憾的内容”，从句不缺成分，用that（不可省）。 6. What：从句缺宾语（“他说的话”），what指代“说的内容”。 7. that：it作形式主语，“重要的事”是从句内容，从句完整，用that。 8. That：从句“地球是圆的”完整且表事实，句首主语从句用that（不可省）。 9. whether：“取决于天气”的是“是否去露营”，从句表选择，用whether。 10. Whoever：表“无论谁”，=anyone who，从句缺主语且无范围限制。 11. whether：it作形式主语，“老车站是否被替换”表不确定，用whether。 12. What：从句缺宾语（“她需要的东西”），what指代“需要的事物”。 13. that：it作形式主语，“奇怪的事”是从句内容，从句完整，用that。 14. Which：“哪一支队伍”，有明确选择范围（参赛队伍），用which。 15. whether：“政府是否采取行动”表不确定，从句缺“是否”含义，用whether。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.It is + 形容词 + that 从句（重要性 / 必要性 / 可能性的是） 在高中，我们养成良好的时间管理习惯很重要。 通过写日记来提高英语写作水平是有可能的。 2.What + matters/accounts most + is + that ...（重要的是） 重要的是我们应该耐心和细致。 我们重要的是每个人应该为减少塑料垃圾所做的努力。 3.It is a fact/truth that 从句（事实是...） 定期锻炼能增强免疫系统是事实。 努力是实现梦想的关键是真理。 4.It is unknown/unclear that/where/when 从句（尚不清楚... ...） 这座古建筑最初建于何时尚不清楚。 昨天放学后，这个失踪的学生去了哪里仍不明确。 5.What made me touched/ shocked was that...（让我感动/震惊的是） 让我感动的是老人亲自把我的钱包还给了我。 让我震惊的是，这个小女孩获得了一等奖。 6.It is a pity/shame that 从句（遗憾 / 可惜的是... ...） 他因为生病错过了重要的考试，真是遗憾。 有些人仍在公共场所乱扔垃圾，真是可惜。 7.It turns out that 从句（结果是 / 原来是... ...） 原来我们昨天遇到的陌生人是我们的新邻居。 结果证明，他的成功不是因为运气，而是因为努力。 【答案】1.It is + 形容词 + that 从句（重要性 / 必要性 / 可能性的是） It is important that we develop a good habit of time management in senior high school. It is possible that we can improve our English writing by keeping a daily diary. 2.What + matters/accounts most + is + that ...（重要的是） What mattersmost is that we should be patient and careful. What accounts most is that everyone shouldtry to reduce plastic waste. 3.It is a fact/truth that 从句（事实是） It is a fact that regular exercise can strengthen our immune system. It is a truth that hard work is the key to achieving our dreams. 4.It is unknown/unclear that/where/when 从句（尚不清楚... ...） It is unknown when the ancient building was first built. It is unclear where the missing student went after school yesterday. 5.What made me touched/ shocked was that...（让我感动/震惊的是） What made me touched was that the old man returned my wallet in person. What made us shocked was that the little girl won the first prize. 6.It is a pity/shame that 从句（遗憾 / 可惜的是... ...） It is a pity that he missed the important exam because of illness. It is a shame that some people still throw rubbish in public places. 7.It turns out that 从句（结果是 / 原来是... ...） It turns out that the stranger we met yesterday is our new neighbor. It turns out that his success is not due to luck but hard work. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2024全国甲卷】How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 2.【2024浙江1月卷】If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____39____ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ___42___ they need an English trainer. 【答案】why 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 4.【2022年北京卷】 It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 5.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Mental health involves________ you procees things such as stress and anxiety. 【答案】how 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。 6.【2021.6新高考1卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】What 【解析】1： 考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。 7．【2021年天津卷第一次】What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A. whether B. why C. what D. when 【答案】C 【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。 8.【2021年天津卷第二次】 It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. 【答案】What 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所应该填起双重作用的what。 9. （2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. A. whether B. why C. when D. where 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。 10.（2020天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握核心情态动词（can/could, may/might, must/have to, shall/should, will/would, need, dare）的基础词义与常规用法辨析。 2. 熟练运用情态动词表推测、可能性的用法：对现在、过去、将来不同时间维度的肯定、否定、可能性推测句式。 3. 掌握情态动词+have done结构（must have done, should have done, could have done, needn’t have done等）的含义与语境应用。 复习难点： 1. 区分相近情态动词细微差别：must与have to、should与ought to、can与be able to的语境与语气差异。 2. 精准区分情态动词客观能力、许可、义务、建议、推测、虚拟语气等多重语义，在动态语境中准确判断。 3. 情态动词特殊句式（否定转移、反义疑问句、委婉语气），以及在完形、语法填空、写作高级表达中的灵活活用。 考情规律 1. 语法填空&选择题：高频考查情态动词+have done表对过去的推测/后悔责备；不同语气场景下情态动词的最优选型。 2. 句型翻译&改错：常涉及义务、建议、责备、遗憾等情感语气的翻译；辨析并改正情态动词搭配与时态错误。 3. 完形填空：结合上下文语境，考查情态动词暗含的语气强弱、说话人态度、可能性等级，侧重语境逻辑而非单纯词义。 知识点1 什么是情态动词？ 情态动词（Modal verb）是一类表示说话人的能力、预期或情感等的特殊动词。有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与连系动词或行为动词原形等一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。 常见的情态动词有can (could)、may (might)、must、need、shall (should)、will (would)、ought to等 。情态动词无人称和数的变化，即无论主语是第几人称，单数还是复数，情态动词的形式都不改变；后面总是接动词原形；其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not。 知识点2 常见情态动词的用法 （一）can与could 1. 表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 I can speak English.（我会说英语。） When I was young, I could run very fast.（我年轻时能跑得很快。） 2. 表示请求和允许：用于疑问句中，could比can语气更委婉，但回答时通常用can。 Can/Could I use your pen? （我可以用你的笔吗？）Yes, you can.（是的，可以。） 3. 表示可能性：通常用于否定句和疑问句中。can't表示“不可能” ，could表示可能性比can小。 That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。）Could it be Tom?（可能是汤姆吗？） （二）may与might 1. 表示请求和允许：may表示“可以”，might语气更委婉，通常用于正式场合或向陌生人请求。 May I have a look at your book?（我可以看看你的书吗？） She asked if she might borrow my dictionary.（她问是否可以借我的字典。） 2. 表示可能性：意为“也许，可能”，might表示的可能性比may更小。 It may/might rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。） （三）must与mustn't 1. 表示必要性和义务：意为“必须”。 You must finish your homework before you go out.（你出去之前必须完成作业。） 2. 表示推测：用于肯定句中，表示非常肯定的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。 He must be at home because his car is in the driveway.（他一定在家，因为他的车在车道上。） 3. 注意：must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”，而表示“不必”要用needn't或don't have to。 You mustn't smoke here.（你不能在这里吸烟。）You needn't come so early.（你不必来这么早。） （四）shall与should 1. shall：用于第一人称（I/we）的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或提出建议；用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 Shall we go for a walk?（我们去散步好吗？） You shall get a reward if you finish the work on time.（如果你按时完成工作，你会得到奖励。） 2. should：表示“应该”，强调责任或义务；还可以表示推测，意为“应该会，可能”，语气比must弱 。 You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。） It should be a fine day tomorrow.（明天应该是个好天气。） 另外，should还可用于虚拟语气中 If I were you, I should go there at once.（如果我是你，我就立刻去那里。） （五）will与would 1. 表示意愿：will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿或委婉的请求。 I will help you if you need me.（如果你需要我，我会帮助你。） Would you please pass me the book?（你能把书递给我吗？） 2. 表示习惯性动作：will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。 He will often sit for hours without saying a word.（他常常一坐几个小时不说一句话。） When he was young, he would go swimming every day in summer.（他年轻时，夏天每天都去游泳。） （六）ought to 表示“应该”，语气比should稍强，强调客观上有责任或有必要做某事。 You ought to take care of your parents.（你应该照顾你的父母。） （七）其他：need与dare 1. need：作情态动词时，通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”。 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。）Need I go there now?（我现在需要去那里吗？） 作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，后面接动词不定式，即need to do sth.。 He needs to buy a new book.（他需要买一本新书。） 2. dare：作情态动词时，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，表示“敢”。 I dare not tell him the truth.（我不敢告诉他真相。） Dare you go out alone at night?（你晚上敢一个人出去吗？） 作实义动词时，同样有人称和数的变化，后面接动词不定式，即dare to do sth.。 She doesn't dare to speak in public.（她不敢在公众场合发言。） 知识点3 情态动词 + have done 1. should / ought to have done：表示“本应该做某事而实际上没有做”，其否定形式表示“本不应该做某事却做了”，含有责备或遗憾的意味。 You should/ought to have come earlier.（你本应该早点来。） You shouldn't/oughtn't to have told him the secret.（你本不该把秘密告诉他。） 2. could have done：表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，也可用于虚拟语气中。 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless.（我本来能通过考试的，但我太粗心了。） If I had had enough money, I could have bought that car.（如果我当时有足够的钱，我就可以买那辆车了。） 3. would have done：常用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去情况的假设，“本来会做某事”。 If it hadn't rained yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.（如果昨天没下雨，我们就去野餐了。） 4. needn't have done：表示“本不必做某事却做了”。 You needn't have bought so much food. There will only be a few people coming.（你本不必买这么多食物，只会来几个人。） 5.must have done（一定做过某事），表示非常肯定的推测；may/might have done（可能做过某事），表示可能性较小的推测。 He must have arrived home last night.（他昨晚一定到家了。） She may/might have forgotten to tell you.（她可能忘了告诉你。） 6.can't / couldn't have done（不可能做过某事）；may not / might not have done（可能没做过某事）。 He can't/couldn't have seen her yesterday. She was abroad.（他昨天不可能见过她，她在国外。） They may not/might not have received your letter yet.（他们可能还没收到你的信。） 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they   1   (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However, people believe if Peter   2   (work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.  At home, their parents suggest that they   3   (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it   4   (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.  One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover   5   (happy), and handed it in as his own homework the next day.  When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter. “How I wish you 6   (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I   7   (give) you a good lesson. And you mustn’t play any computer games for a month! ” “Oh, no! Mom. Without a computer for such a long time, I   8   (die). I would rather you   9   (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.  “If you   10   (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now,” said the mother. 【答案】1. were 考查虚拟语气。句意：他们好像是一个人。这里考查as if引导的表语从句，此时常用虚拟语气。表示对现在的推测，用一般过去时形式来表示。故填were。 2. worked 考查虚拟语气。句意：大家相信，如果Peter和Tom一样努力，他的学习会和他一样好。这里表示对现在情况的假设，常用一般过去时。故填worked。 3. (should) finish 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。动词advise, order, demand, suggest, request后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词要用“(should) +动词原形”。故填(should) finish。 4. is 考查宾语从句中的时态。insist后面常可以接虚拟语气形式的宾语从句。但如果表示自己坚持自己的观点时，可不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。这里表示Peter“固执己见”地玩游戏，只要能按时完成作业，可不用虚拟语气形式。故填is。 5. happily 考查副词。此空提示词是形容词，用来做状语，因此应变化为副词形式，充当状语。故填happily。 6. were 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，如果讲述与现在相反的事实，用一般过去时。故填were。 7. gave/should give 考查虚拟语气。It’s high time that从句中，常用虚拟语气。谓语动词要么用过去式或者用should+动词原形，但should不可省略。故填gave/should give。 8. would die 考查含蓄条件句。句意：如果长期不玩电脑，我会死的。Without a computer for such a long time是含蓄条件句。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，主句用“would＋do”。故填would die。 9. asked 考查虚拟语气。would rather+从句，从句应用虚拟语气，此处为与现在事实相反，所以用动词的过去式。故填asked。 10. had finished 考查虚拟语气。根据主句中的结构来看，这里应该是表示对过去事情的推测，从句是应该用过去完成时形式，故填had finished。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1. (2023·宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市·期末考试) The traffic is heavy these days, I __________ (arrive) a bit late, so could you save me a place? 2. (2023·广东省广州市·月考试卷) George __________ (go) too far. His coffee is still warm. 3. (2023·天津市市辖区·月考试卷) He speaks English with a strong American accent, so he __________ (be) brought up in Britain. 4. (2022·天津市·模拟题)—I can’t find my purse anywhere.—You ______ (lose) it while shopping. 5. (2022·天津市·专项测试)—I think you __________ there in person; a phone call would have been fine. —It’s OK and I was so glad to have seen your mum. 6. (2022·全国·同步练习) If it __________ (be) for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 7. (2022·天津市·模拟题)—What is the news about?—According to the new law, people who are guilty of drunken driving __________ (face) a fine of up to 2000 yuan. 8. (2022·天津市市辖区·模拟题) I have been writing a novel which is based on a real love story and it __________ (be) ready early next month. 9. (2022·天津市·历年真题) It used to be that you __________ (drive) for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 10. (2022·天津市·专项测试) No student __________ (go) out of school after eleven o’clock at night without the teacher’s permission. 11. (2022·天津市·模拟题)— Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you. — The door __________ (open), no matter how hard I pushed. 12. (2022·福建省厦门市·月考试卷) Had it not been for their timely rescue, the old lady __________ (lose) her life. 13. (2022·福建省厦门市·月考试卷) During the outbreak of the pandemic, it was required that all the residents in this community __________ (take) a medical check every day. 14. (2021·天津河东一模)—Where is my Chinese book? I remember I put it here yesterday. —You __________ (put) it in the wrong place. 15. (2021·湖北四地七校第一次联考) It is high time that you __________ (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. 16. (2021·肇庆模拟) He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing __________ (happen). 17. (2021·澳门特别行政区·单元测试) Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I __________ (dance) as well as her. 18. (2021·澳门特别行政区·其他类型) My advice is that he __________ (go) there at once. 19. (2021·澳门特别行政区·单元测试) Peter __________ (come) with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. 20. (2021·黑龙江省哈尔滨市·月考试卷) I __________ (go) through that bitter period without your generous help. 【答案】1. might arrive 考查情态动词。句意：这些天交通很拥挤。我可能迟到，所以请给我留个位子好吗？might表示“可能”，用于肯定句。故填might arrive。 2. can’t have gone 考查情态动词推测性用法。句意：乔治不可能走很远，他的咖啡还是热的。can’t have done是对过去事实的否定推测。根据后面一句His coffee is still warm可以推出乔治应该走不远，表示对过去事实的否定推测。故填can’t have gone。 3. can’t have been 考查情态动词推测性用法。句意：他讲带有浓重美国口音的英语，所以他不可能在英国长大。由He speaks English with a strong American accent可知，他说英语带着很浓厚的美式发音，所以设空处表达的是：他不可能是在英国被抚养长大的。 4. may have lost 考查情态动词推测性用法。句意：——我到处都找不到我的钱包。——你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。根据题目中第二句话可知这里使用情态动词+have done的用法，may have done过去可能做了某事。故填may have lost。 5. needn’t have been 考查情态动词推测性用法。句意：——我想你本不必亲自去那，打个电话就行了。——没关系，能见到你妈妈我也很高兴。根据“I was so glad to have seen your mum”可知，“见到你妈妈”这件事发生在过去的某个时间；结合句意，此处表达的是“本不需要做某事（但做了）”，应用needn’t have done。 6. had not been 考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是免费的票，我不会这么经常去看电影。从主句中would not have gone可以看出是与过去相反，故从句应使用had done。完整的句子是if it had not been for the free tickets。故填had not been。 7. shall face 考查情态动词。句意：——新闻是关于什么的？——根据新的法律，饮酒开车是有罪的，这些人将会面临高达2000元的罚款。shall用于陈述句时用于第二、三人称，表示建议、要求、命令、规定、必然性等。故填shall face。 8. should be 考查情态动词。句意：我一直在写一部小说，是根据一个真实的爱情故事改写的，下个月初就可以写好了。根据时间状语next month可知，此处指将来的可能。情态动词should可以表示对将来的预测或可能。 9. could drive 考查情态动词。句意：以前你能开车到这里好几英里都看不到其他人，但是现在道路上到处都是房子和行人了。根据题意可知，题干表达的意思是过去在路上开车能够碰到人，而不是说需要，应该或者是必须碰到某人。故填could drive。 10. shall go 考查情态动词。句意：晚上11点后没有老师的允许，所有学生不可以离开学校。情态动词shall可以表示命令、警告、允诺及法律规定要做的事。故填shall go。 11. won’t open 考查情态动词。句意：——你为什么不进办公室？他们在等你。——不管我怎么使劲推，门都打不开。will及其否定，表达一种倾向性和习惯，应用won’t。故填won’t open。 12. would have lost 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是他们及时救援，那位老太太就会失去生命。分析句子可知，本句涉及if虚拟条件句的省略，从句完整应是If it had not been for their timely rescue，是对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词要用would have done，此处应填would have lost。故填would have lost。 13. (should) take 考查虚拟语气。句意：在新冠疫情期间，这个社区的所有居民都被要求每天进行体检。分析句子结构可知，在“It is required/ demanded+从句”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词的形式为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。故填(should) take。 14. must have put　考查情态动词推测性用法。句意:---我的语文书呢？我记得昨天放这里了。---你一定是放错位置了。这里表示对过去事情的肯定推测，常用must have done结构。故填must have put。 15. considered/should consider　考查虚拟语气。It’s high time that从句中，常用虚拟语气。谓语动词要么用过去式或者用should+动词原形，但should不可省略。故填considered/should consider。 16. had happened 考查虚拟语气。句意：他脸带微笑地跑着，好像一切都没有发生。as if 后面应该用虚拟语气，这里表示对过去事情的推测。故填had happened。 17. danced 考查虚拟语气。句意：Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面接一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。故填danced。 18. (should) go 考查虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他马上到。作advice, order, demand, suggestion, request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should) +动词原形”。本句在advice之后是表语从句，谓语动词应用(should) go，should可省略。故填(should) go。 19. may come 考查情态动词。句意：Peter今晚可能和我们一块来，但他还没有十分确定。may表示推测，语气不太肯定。根据后面一句的意思判断，这里表示语气不太肯定。故填may come。 20. couldn’t have gone 考查含蓄条件句。句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。without your generous help是含蓄条件句。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，主句用“could＋have done”。故填couldn’t have gone。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 2．【2021年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A．need B．should C．could D．must 3.【2021年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn’t have made D. needn't have made 4.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. 5．【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A．must B．can C．need D．should 6．【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't 7. 【2020年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 8.【2019年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 9.【2018年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A.need B. should C. can D. must 10. 【2018年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A.drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 【答案】be offered C A frying 改为 fried；去掉 to B D C C C D 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $