Unit 7 Section A 4a-4d Grammar（同步实用课件）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步实用课件（新教材人教版）

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时，涵盖其表意功能、句式构成、助动词缩略形式及标志性副词用法，通过复习句子导入，结合讨论问题引导归纳，借助时间轴直观展示，搭建从已知到未知的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，通过句型转换、动词填空等练习提升语言运用，融入《西游记》《小王子》等名著阅读任务，培养文化鉴赏。采用对比分析（现在完成时与一般过去时）和小组讨论，发展思维品质与学习能力。学生在语境中掌握语法，激发阅读兴趣，教师可借助清晰任务设计提升教学效率。

Learning Objectives 能够理解现在完成时的表意功能，总结和归纳现在完成时不同句式的构成，掌握现在完成时的助动词have和has与不同人称代词及否定词not的缩略形式；能够识别并恰当使用现在完成时的标志性副词ever、never、already、just和yet。 能够在完成语法练习的同时了解更多文学名著，体会阅读的意义，并通过调查同学的阅读经历互相激励，激发阅读的动力。 能够在语境中正确使用现在完成时表达意义，通过与一般现在时和一般过去时对比，深入理解并掌握现在完成时的用法。 Section A 4a-4d Review. 1. 亚明选择了《西游记》来写他的读书报告。 2. 比起电影，我一直更喜欢原著。 3. 爱丽丝意识到她把钥匙忘在桌子上了。 4. 我一直喜欢读幻想类书籍。 5. 你曾读过科幻小说吗？ Yaming has chosen Journey to the West for his book report. I've always preferred the book to the movie. Alice realizes she has forgotten the key on the table. I've always loved reading fantasy books. Have you ever read a science fiction novel? Make sentences according to the following phrases and pictures. read all four Chinese literary classics watched a movie based on a novel read a book in a different language read a book more than twice read a book with more than 500 pages joined a reading club eg: I have read / heard of / watched... I haven't read / heard of / watched... Have you read / heard of / watched...? Have you decided on a book for your report? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Has Peter ever heard of this book? No, he’s never heard of it. Has Chen Jie read this book yet? No, but she’s already borrowed it from the library. What have you read recently? I’ve just finished The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. I’ve = I have She’s = She has haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not 01 Task 1: Read and discuss the questions in groups. 1. 现在完成时具有哪些功能？ 2. 现在完成时的句式结构的特点是什么？ 3. 与现在完成时连用的常见副词有哪些？ 4. 这些副词的用法各有什么特点？ They moved in on their wedding day and they have lived here ever since. past present future live present perfect 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 02 Task 2: The definition (定义)of the present perfect tense. past ••••••••••••••• Fu Xing finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Fu Xing can share many interesting details of the book with Peter. Fu Xing has finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. present present perfect 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 03 Task 3: Know the sentence structures of present perfect tense. 肯定句：主语 + have/has(+already/just) + done(过去分词) + 其他. I have=I’ve we have=we’ve she has=she’s Attention: I/We/You/They/The boys have done... He/She/It/The boy has done... 03 否定句：主语 + have/has not+ done(过去分词) + 其他. have not=haven’t He hasn’t heard of it He hasn’t read this book yet. has not=hasn’t Task 3: Know the sentence structures of present perfect tense. 03 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答: No, 主语+haven’t/ hasn’t. Task 3: Know the sentence structures of present perfect tense. 03 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Task 3: Know the sentence structures of present perfect tense. 专项练习：句型转换。按要求改写句子，每空一词，保持原意不变。 1. I have just finished reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.（改为一般疑问句） _________ you __________ finished reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? 2. She has already borrowed the book from the library.（改为否定句） She ___________ ___________ the book from the library ___________. 3. Have you ever read a classic novel?（作否定回答）___________, ___________ ___________. 4. He has never heard of this famous author.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ he ___________ heard of? 5. I have chosen a book for my report.（用 yet 改写为疑问句） ___________ you ___________ a book for your report ___________? 6. They read this book last week.（改为现在完成时）They ___________ ___________ this book. 7. She has just finished her homework.（对划线部分提问）________ ________ she just _________? Have just hasn’t borrowed yet No I haven’t What has never Have chosen yet have read What has finished 规则 变化 一般动词 以不发音的字母e  结尾的动词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 直接在词尾加  -ed 直接加  -d 变 y 为 i,再加 -ed 双写末尾辅音字母, 再加 -ed watch finish live move study try stop plan →watched →finished →lived →moved →studied →tried →stopped →planned 发音规律 1. 清辅音后读 /t/（清清） 2. 浊辅音或元音后读 /d/（浊浊） 3. /t/、/d/ 音之后读 /ɪd/ Task 4: Learn the rules for forming past participles. 04 不规则 变化 ①原型、过去式和过去分词拼写一致的不规则动词 read → read → read/red/ had→ had → had cut → cut → cut ②过去式和过去分词拼写一致 teach → taught → taught think → thought → thought bring → brought → brought Task 4: Learn the rules for forming past participles. 04 ③原形(含字母i)—过去式(i变a)— 过去分词(i变u) drink → drank → drunk begin → began → begun sing → sang → sung ④原形(词尾为ow/aw)—过去式(词尾变ew)—过去分词(词尾变own) know → knew → known grow → grew → grown throw → threw → thrown 05 Task 5: Know how to use ever/yet/never/already. 含义 用法 位置 曾经 7. ___________ 句中 8. ________ 9. ________ 句中 10. ________ 肯定句 句中 已经 肯定句 11. ________ 12. ________ 13. ___________ 14. ________ 否定句/疑问句 从不 否定句 刚刚 句中/句末 还；仍然 否定句/疑问句 句末 ever never just already yet 其他： 以前 最近地 到目前为止 两次 before recently so far twice 4b Complete the conversations with ever, never, just, already, or yet. 1. A: Have you ______ heard of the book The Little Prince? B: No, I’ve ______ heard of it. A: I’ve ______ finished reading it. It’s such a simple story, but you can learn a lot from it! 2. A: Have you chosen a book for your book report ______? B: Yes, I’ve chosen The Little Match Girl. It’s such a sad story, but I love it. I’ve ______ started writing my report. 3. A: I’ve ______ read a classic novel before. Could you recommend one? B: Well, I’ve ______ finished Outlaws of the Marsh. It’s really good! A: Oh, thanks! Could I borrow it? B: Sure! /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 推荐;建议 ever never just yet already never just 4c Complete the passage with the simple past or present perfect forms of the verbs in brackets. ______ you ever ______ (try) to read books from different countries? At the start of this year, I ________ (decide) to read books from as many countries as possible. I ________ (begin) with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Now I ______ already ______ (read) twenty different books. These books _________ (teach) me a lot about other cultures and societies, and they __________ (allow) me to see the world differently. In the past, I only ______ (know) the names of different countries, but now I understand them a little bit better. This experience has been amazing so far. I never ________ (realize) how big our world really is! Have Tip: Find the key words. tried decided began have read have taught have allowed knew realized Read and answer 1. Which book did the author begin with? The author began with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 2. What has the author learnt from reading these books? The author has learnt a lot about other cultures and societies. 3. How has this experience changed the author's understanding of the world? It has allowed the author to see the world differently, and made the author realize how big the world really is. 06 Task 6: Know the differences. She borrowed some books from the library. She has already finished reading them. She hasn’t finished reading them yet. 一般过去时 现在完成时 基本含义 时间状语 强调内容 过去发生的动作 / 状态，和现在无关 yesterday,last week,ago,in 2019 等具体过去时间 动作发生在过去，只讲过去 过去动作对现在有影响，或持续到现在 already,yet,ever,never,for,since,so far 等 强调对现在的结果、影响或持续状态 He ____________ (finish) his work an hour ago. He ____________ (finish) his work, so he can play now. finished has finished 专项练习：动词形式填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时/一般过去时） 1. He __________________ (just finish) reading the novel. 2. ___________ you ever ___________ (read) a classic book? 3. She _____________________ (already borrow) the book from the library. 4. I ___________ (never see) this kind of book before. 5. They ___________ (go) to the library yesterday. 6. ___________ you ___________ (decide) on a book yet? 7. My mother ___________ (read) this book last month. 8. He ___________ (not hear) of this book before. has just finished Have read have has already borrowed have never seen went Have decided read hasn’t heard 一，根据本课时所学内容，默写下列短语。 1，决定做某事(3)___________________, _____________， _____________________ 2，听说______________________ 3，向某人/地借某物________________________ 4，从...中学到很多________________________ 5，读书报告________________________ 6，在...开始________________________ 7，从...开始________________________ 8，读过中国四大名著____________________ 9，看过根据小说改编的电影 ________________________ 10，读过一本超过500页的书 ________________________ 11，加入了阅读俱乐部 ________________________ 12，读过用另一种语言写的书_________________________ 13，一本书读过两遍以上_______________________________ decide on doing sth decide to do sth make a decision to do sth hear of / about borrow sth from sb / sp learn a lot from book report at the beginning / start of begin / start with read all four Chinese literary classics watched a movie based on a novel read a book with more than 500 pages joined a reading club read a book in a different language read a book more than twice 二，根据本课时所学内容，完成下列句子。 1. 陈洁读过这本书了吗？还没，但她已经从图书馆借到它了。 _______________________this book __________________? No, but she __________________________________ the library. 2.我选了《卖火柴的小女孩》，并且我已经开始写报告了。 I _____________The Little Match Girl and I _______________my report. 3.我以前从没读过经典小说。 I _____________________________ before. 4.今年年初，我决定读来自尽可能多的国家的书。 ____________________, I __________ read books from ________________________. 5.过去，我仅仅知道不同国家的名字，但现在我对它们的了解更深入了一点。 ________________________ the names of different countries, but now I understand them ________________________. 6.到目前为止，这段经历非常美妙。 This __________________________________________. 7.这些书教会我许多异域文化与社会知识，让我以不同视角看世界。 These books ___________________________________, and they _______________ the world differently. Has ChenJie read yet has already borrowed it from have chosen have already started writing have never read a classic novel At the start of this year decided to as many countries as possible In the past, I only knew a little better experience has been amazing so far have taught me a lot about other cultures and societies have allowed me to see Have you ever tried to read books from different countries? At the start of this year, I decided to read books from as many countries as possible. I began with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Now I have already read twenty different books. 阅读来自不同国家的书籍 在今年年初 尽可能多的国家 以……开始；从……着手 These books have taught me a lot about other cultures and societies, and they have allowed me to see the world differently. In the past, I only knew the names of different countries, but now I understand them a little bit better. This experience has been amazing so far. I never realized how big our world really is! 到目前为止（常与现在完成时连用） teach sb. a lot about 教某人很多关于……的知识 文化与社会 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 以不同的视角看待世界 在过去 对它们有了更深一点的了解 我们的世界到底有多大 Language Points 1. Have you decided on a book for your report? 你为你的读书报告选定书了吗？ 我们需要确定会议的日期。 We need to decide on a date for the meeting. 经过几周的研究，他们最终选定了一辆新车。 They finally decided on a new car after weeks of research. 为了她的学业，她决定搬到巴黎。 She decided on moving to Paris for her studies. = She decided to move to Paris for her studies. decide on 决定；选定 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示对某事物或行动做出选择。 decide on doing sth 相当于 decide to do sth，但强调对具体行动的选择） 2. Has Peter ever heard of this book? 彼得曾听说过这本书吗？ 你听说过汤姆吗？ Did you hear of/about Tom? 我前天听说了这个消息。 I heard of/about the news the day before yesterday. hear of（= hear about）听说；得知 表示间接听说。 3. Could you recommend one? 你能推荐一本吗？ 我的校长向我推荐了很多好书。 My headmaster recommended many good books to me. 我推荐他当教练。 I recommend him as the coach. 他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. recommend（及物动词）① 推荐 recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb as 推荐某人为… ② 建议 recommend doing sth 建议做某事 recommend sb to do sth 建议某人去做某事 4. At the start of this year, I decided to read books from as many countries as possible. 今年年初，我决定读来自尽可能多的国家的书。 夏天开始时，我们去野营旅行了。 At the start of the summer, we went on a camping trip. 电影开头，主角出现在一个小镇上。 At the start of the movie, the main character appears in a small town. 学习新语言在初期可能具有挑战性。 Learning a new language can be challenging at the start of the process. at the start of 在……开始时；在……初期 用于描述某一事件、时期或过程的起始点，相当于 at the beginning of，其反义短语为 at the end of（在……结束时；在……尽头）。 5. I began with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 我从《汤姆·索亚历险记》开始读起。 我想从一个简单的问题开始。 I'd like to begin with a simple question. 他总是用预备练习题开始他的课程。 He always begins his lessons with a warm-up exercise. 这本书以一个简要的归纳结束。 The book ends with a brief summary. begin with 从……开始 强调某事物的起始点或开端，与 start with 同义 其反义短语为 end with（以……结束）。 begin sth with sth 用某物开始某事；以某物为起点做某事 6. These books have taught me a lot about other cultures and societies, and they have allowed me to see the world differently. 这些书教了我很多关于其他文化和社会的知识，并且它们让我以不同的视角看世界。 现代工业社会 modern industrial societies 在当今社会 in today's society society（名词）社会；社团 当表示有共同的法律、组织、习俗等的特定群体时，可用作可数名词，其复数形式为 societies；当表示以群体形式生活在一起的人的总称时，为不可数名词。 拓展: social（形容词）社会的 茶在中国社会生活中扮演着重要的角色。 Tea plays an important role in Chinese social life. 7. watched a movie based on a novel 看过根据小说改编的电影 (1) base on 以……为基础；以……为根据 base sth on... 某物以……为基础 be based on 以……为基础 她的设计以传统图案为基础。 She bases her design on traditional patterns. 这部小说是根据真实的故事写成的吗？ Is the novel based on a true story? 7. watched a movie based on a novel 看过根据小说改编的电影 (2) base ① 及物动词 把（总部等）设在；以……为据点（或大本营等） ② [名词] 根基；基础；根据地 他们决定将新公司的总部设在上海。 They decided to base the new company in Shanghai. 塔基上有一扇门。 There is a door at the base of the tower. 我校有良好的科研基础。 Our school has a good scientific research base. 这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的好据点。 The town is a good base for touring the area. 根据对话选择 already, ever, never, yet, just 填空，每词只用一次 A: Have you ______ tried the new coffee shop downtown? B: No, but I ______ saw a long line outside when I passed by. A: Oh, I’ve ______ been there twice—their latte(拿铁) is amazing! B: Really? I’ve ______ heard of it. Is it that good? A: Certainly. Go and check it out soon. I think their opening discount(折扣) hasn’t ended ______. ever just already never yet 按要求完成下列各题 1. Mary reads more than 100 different books.（改为现在完成时） Mary ______ ______ more than 100 different books. 2. I have told her about our plan.（改为否定句） I ________ ______ her about our plan. 3. They have already seen the film.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ the film ______? 4. Linda has cleaned the kitchen and swept the floor.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ Linda ______? 5. —Have you decided where to go this weekend?（作肯定回答） —______, I ______. has read haven’t told Have seen yet What has done Yes have Homework 用现在完成时说2-3句话介绍读过的书。 Must-do Choose-to-do 用现在完成时，仿照例句写3个关于你阅读经历的句子。 例句：I have read The Little Prince. Reading is the window to the world. 阅读是通往世界的窗户。 $