Unit7 一般过去时讲义 2025-2026学年 人教版七年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语一般过去时核心知识点，系统梳理其定义（过去特定时间动作/状态、习惯性动作、连续动作）、标志性时间状语（yesterday、last系列等）、动词过去式变化规则（规则变化与18个高频不规则词）、句子结构（be动词和实义动词的肯定/否定/疑问形式）及与现在进行时的对比，构建从概念理解到实际运用的学习支架。 该资料以结构化表格呈现规则、对比时态差异，通过分层练习（基础填空、单选、句型转换、短文填空）提升语言能力，对比辨析培养思维品质，多样化练习助力学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生自主巩固，有效强化时态掌握与运用。

一般过去时 一、定义与核心用法 一般过去时：表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去习惯性、经常性的动作（动作已结束，与现在无直接关联）。 核心用法： ①过去特定时间的动作 / 状态 I visited my grandparents last weekend.我上周末看望祖父母 She was happy yesterday.她昨天很开心 ②过去反复 / 习惯性动作 He often walked to school when he was 13.他13 岁时常步行上学 They played basketball every day last year.他们去年每天打篮球 ③过去连续发生的动作 He got up, washed his face and went out.起床、洗脸、出门 二、标志性时间状语（解题 “信号词”） 看到以下词，优先考虑一般过去时： yesterday（昨天）、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening last 系列：last night/week/month/year（昨晚 / 上周 / 上月 / 去年） ago 系列：3 days ago（三天前）、a moment ago（刚才） just now（刚才）、in + 过去年份（in 2010） once（曾经）、long long ago（很久以前） 三、动词过去式变化规则 1. 规则变化（80% 动词） 变化规则 原形 过去式 直接加 -ed play, work played, worked 以 e 结尾加 -d live, like lived, liked 辅音 + y 结尾→变 y 为 i+ed study, try studied, tried 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅）→双写尾字母 + ed stop, plan stopped, planned 2. 不规则变化（18 个高频词，必背） 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am/is was go went are were do did have/has had see saw buy bought say said get got make made come came take took eat ate give gave forget forgot find found 四、句子结构 1. be 动词（was/were） · 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他 I was at home yesterday. They were busy last week. · 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他 She wasn’t at school yesterday. We weren’t late. · 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Was he here? → Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. Were they happy? → Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 2. 实义动词（如 play, go, eat） · 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 He played football yesterday. She went to Beijing last year. · 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他（关键：did 后动词还原） He didn’t play football yesterday. She didn’t go to Beijing. · 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you see her? → Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Did he finish homework? → Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. · 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ Where did you go?（你去哪了？） What did she do?（她做了什么？） 五、易错点对比（一般过去时 vs 现在进行时） 表格 对比项 一般过去时 现在进行时 时间概念 过去结束，与现在无关 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在发生、进行的动作 标志词 yesterday, last week, ago now, look, listen, at the moment 例句 I lost my key yesterday.昨天丢了，现在可能找到。 He is watching TV now.他现在正在看电视。 练习 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空（基础题） 1. Look! The bird __________ (sing) in the tree. 2. I __________ (watch) TV last night. 3. Someone __________ (knock) at the door just now. 4. They __________ (play) basketball yesterday afternoon. 5. My mother __________ (cook) dinner now. 6. He __________ (go) to school on foot this morning. 7. The students __________ (not talk) now. They are reading. 8. She __________ (visit) her uncle last weekend. 9. — What __________ you __________ (do) just now?— I ____________ (draw) a picture. 10. Tom _____________ (not finish) his homework yesterday. 参考答案： 1. is singing 2. watched 3. knocked 4. played 5. is cooking 6. went 7. aren't talking 8. visited 9. did; do; drew 10. didn't finish 二、单项选择 1. — Where was your brother yesterday? — He ______ a book in his room. A. reads B. read C. is reading D. will read 2. I ______ a nice film yesterday. A. see B. saw C. am seeing D. sees 3. Look! The children ______ happily in the park. A. run B. ran C. are running D. runs 4. — Did you ______ to the zoo last Sunday?— Yes, I did. A. go B. went C. are going D. goes 5. My father ______ to work by bike yesterday. A. don't go B. didn't go C. isn't going D. wasn't go 6. Be quiet! The baby ______. A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. sleep 7. They ______ football just now. A. played B. are playing C. play D. plays 8. — What ______ you ______ at eight o'clock last night? A. do; do B. did; do C. are; doing D. were; doing 参考答案：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 三、句型转换 1. She studied in the room yesterday evening.（改为否定句）、 _________________________________________________________ 2. They are playing games.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. The boy read a storybook last night.（对划线部分提问） _________________________________________________________ 4. He played the piano yesterday.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________ 5. We were at home last night.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 6. I went to the library last weekend.（对划线部分提问） _________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1. She didn’t study in the room yesterday evening. 2. — Are they playing games? — Yes, they are. 3. What did the boy do? 4. He didn't play the piano yesterday. 5. — Were you at home last night? — No, we weren't. 6. Where did you go last weekend? 四、选词填空 （每词限用一次） (work, go, eat, have, walk) 1. My sister _______________ an apple now. 2. Mr. Li _______________ in this shop five years ago. 3. They _______________ shopping with each other last weekend. 4. I _______________ a good time at the party last Friday. 5. We _______________ to school yesterday morning. 参考答案：1.is eating 2.worked 3.went 4.had 5.walked 五、短文填空 用括号内动词适当形式填空。 It's six o'clock in the evening. My family 1.____________ (be) all at home now. My father 2.__________ (read) a newspaper. My mother 3.__________ (wash) dishes. My little brother 4.__________ (play) with his toy car. But yesterday evening, we 5.__________ (be) very busy. We 6.__________ (clean) our rooms together. We 7。__________ (have) a good time. 参考答案：1.are; 2.is reading; 3.is washing; 4.is playing; 5.were; 6.cleaned;7. had 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $