Unit 8 Our dreams（易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语译林版三起六年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦动名词、动词不定式及职业类名词三大高频易错点，通过“精讲-提示-练笔-点拨”闭环设计，系统构建语法应用与词汇拓展的逻辑体系，提升语言运用能力与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |动名词用法|6题小练笔|归纳作主语/宾语/表语3大功能及No doing等8类固定搭配|从非限定动词特性切入，通过“形式-功能-搭配”递进| |动词不定式|6题小练笔|梳理作主语等6大用法及want to do等12类固定结构|以to do形式为核心，结合句式功能构建应用框架| |职业类名词|5题翻译|总结er/or等4类构词法及3种职业询问句型|从构词规则到情景表达，实现词汇-语法-语用衔接| |综合训练|5类题型|整合语法应用与主题表达，强化知识迁移|围绕“梦想”主题，形成“语法基础-词汇拓展-综合运用”逻辑链|

Unit 8 Our dreams 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 职业类名词的用法 高频易错点01 动名词的用法 高频易错点02 动词不定式to do形式的用法 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 动名词的用法 高频易错点01 动名词：动名词是非限定动词的一种形式。它既有“名词性质”（可作主语），又具有动词 性质（可带宾语），故称“动名词”。 动名词的构成：动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。 动名词的常见用法归纳如下： 1. 动名词作主语（谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式）。如： Dancing makes people healthy and beautiful. 舞蹈使人们健康、美丽。 Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。 2. 动名词作动词宾语。如： My cousin likes flying kites in the park. 我表弟喜欢在公园放风筝。 I often go climbing at weekends. 我经常周末去爬山。 3. 动名词在系动词后作表语。如： My job is painting. 我的工作是画画。 Her hobbies are making cakes and shopping. 她的爱好是做蛋糕和购物。 易错点提示 我们学过的常见动名词有： No + doing 禁止做某事 like doing 喜欢做某事 How/What about doing…? 做某事怎么样？ go doing 去做某事 be good at doing = do well in doing 擅长做某事 be busy doing 忙着做某事 finish doing 完成做某事 小练笔 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. What does the sign mean? It means “No ______”. We shouldn’t ______ here. (swim) 2. ______ is good for our health. He often ______ in the morning. (run) 3. My mother is ______ now. She is good at ______. (cook) 4. It’s windy now. How about ______ (fly) kites in the park? 5. I like ______ very much. But I don’t do well in ______. (skate) 6. Can you finish ______ (do) your homework before nine o’clock? 点拨 1. 答案: swimming; swim解析：“No + 动名词”是固定用法，表示“禁止做某事”，所以第一空填`swimming`；情态动词`shouldn't`后接动词原形，所以第二空填`swim`。 2. 答案: Running; runs解析：第一空在句中作主语，动名词可作主语，所以填`Running`（句首首字母大写）；第二空主语`He`是第三人称单数，且`often`表示一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式`runs`。 3. 答案: cooking; cooking解析：第一空有时间标志词`now`，是现在进行时（be + 现在分词），所以填`cooking`；第二空`be good at doing sth.`是固定搭配，表示“擅长做某事”，介词`at`后接动名词，所以填`cooking`。 4. 答案: flying解析：`How about doing sth.?`是固定句型，用来提出建议，介词`about`后接动名词，所以填`flying`。 5. 答案: skating; skating解析：`like doing sth.`表示“喜欢做某事（长期爱好）”，所以第一空填`skating`；`do well in doing sth.`是固定搭配，表示“在某方面做得好”，介词`in`后接动名词，所以第二空填`skating`。 6. 答案: doing解析：`finish doing sth.`是固定搭配，表示“完成做某事”，动词`finish`后接动名词作宾语，所以填`doing`。 动词不定式to do形式的用法高频易错点02 在本课中学到短语 want to do sth. 表示“想做某事”，它属于动词不定式结构。动词不定 式的常见用法如下： 1. 动词不定式作主语。如： To play football is very interesting. = It’s very interesting to play football. 踢足球很有趣。 2. 动词不定式作表语。如： Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作就是照顾孩子。 My dream is to be a writer. 我的梦想是成为一名作家。 3. 动词不定式作宾语。如： He wants to buy some flowers. 他想买些花。 I plan to travel around the world. 我计划环游世界。 4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： The doctor told me to have a rest. 医生叫我休息一下。 The teacher asked us to finish our homework quickly. 老师让我们快速完成家庭作业。 5. 动词不定式作定语。如： I want something to eat. 我想要一些吃的。 I have no time to go there. 我没时间去那儿。 6. 动词不定式作状语。如： They came to visit us yesterday. 昨天他们来拜访了我们。 I can reuse a plastic bottle to make a toy. 我能再利用塑料瓶来做玩具。 I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这个我很遗憾 易错点提示 使用动词不定式的注意事项。 有些动词后的不定式省略 to，如祈使动词 make, let, have，感官动词 hear, see 等。如： The lion let the mouse go. 狮子让老鼠离开了。 我们学过的常见动词不定式有： want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth./ doing sth. 该做某事了 be ready to do sth. = be ready for sth/ doing sth. 准备做某事 go/come to do sth. 去/来做某事 how to do sth. 怎样做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 use/reuse sth. to do sth. 利用/再利用某物做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 小练笔 根据提示完成句子。 1. What do you want to do in the future? I ________________________ (想驾驶宇宙飞船) to the Moon. 2. The little boy ________________________ (想成为伟大的科学家) like Newton. 3. Who ________________________ (想成为一名舞蹈家) in our group? Lily does. 4. My mother is busy at weekends. I always ________________________ (帮助她做家务). 5. People ________________________ (使用木头) make tables. 6. I had no time ________________________ (吃早饭). So I took some bread with me. 点拨 1. 答案: want to drive a spaceship解析：“想做某事”用固定搭配 `want to do sth.`；“驾驶宇宙飞船”译为 `drive a spaceship`。主语 `I` 是第一人称，一般现在时中动词用原形，因此填 `want to drive a spaceship`。 2. 答案: wants to be a great scientist解析：“想成为……”用 `want to be + 职业`；“伟大的科学家”译为 `a great scientist`。主语 `The little boy` 是第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词 `want` 要变为 `wants`，因此填 `wants to be a great scientist`。 3. 答案: wants to be a dancer解析：“想成为一名舞蹈家”用 `want to be a dancer`；特殊疑问词 `who` 作主语时，视为第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词 `want` 要变为 `wants`，因此填 `wants to be a dancer`。 4. 答案: help her (to) do housework / help her with the housework解析：“帮助某人做某事”用固定搭配 `help sb. (to) do sth.`（to 可省略）；“做家务”译为 `do housework`，也可以用 `help sb. with sth.` 结构。主语 `I` 是第一人称，动词用原形，因此填 `help her (to) do housework`（或 `help her with the housework`）。 5. 答案: use wood to解析：“使用某物做某事”用固定搭配 `use sth. to do sth.`；“木头”译为 `wood`（不可数名词）。主语 `People` 是复数，一般现在时中动词用原形，因此填 `use wood to`。 6. 答案: to have breakfast / to eat breakfast解析：“没有时间做某事”用固定搭配 `have no time to do sth.`；“吃早饭”译为 `have breakfast` 或 `eat breakfast`，动词需用不定式形式，因此填 `to have breakfast`（或 `to eat breakfast`）。 职业类名词的用法高频易错点03 职业类名词归纳 1. 动词＋er/or，构成的职业名称最多，意为“……家/人”等。 teach(教) — teacher(老师) work(工作) — worker(工人) write(写) — writer(作家) drive(驾驶) — driver(司机) visit(参观) — visitor(参观者) act(表演) — actor(演员) 2. 名词（多为自然学科）＋ist，可构成“……家”等。 art(艺术；美术) — artist(艺术家；画家) science(科学) — scientist(科学家) piano(钢琴) — pianist(钢琴家) 3. 名词＋ian，构成“……家/员”等。 music(音乐；乐曲) — musician(音乐家) library(图书馆) — librarian(图书管理员) 4. 名词＋man 或 woman，构成“……人/员”等。 police(警务)—policeman / policewoman(警察) business(生意)—businessman(商人) sports(运动)—sportsman(运动员) post(邮递；寄送)—postman(邮递员) 易错点提示 在英语中，有些职业名词男女分别有不同的表达。 询问职业的表达方式 ① What do/does + 某(些) 人 + do? ② What is/are + 某(些) 人? ③ What’s …job? / What are … jobs? → I’m/ She’s/ He’s/ We’re/ They’re + a/an+职业单词. 如：你爸爸做什么的？ What does your father do? What is your father? What’s your father’s job? 小练笔 翻译句子。 1. —你阿姨是做什么工作的？ —她是一名工厂工人。她为孩子们制造玩具。 — What ______ your ______ do? — She’s a ______ ______. She ______ toys for ______. 2. —你的工作是什么？ —我是一名出租车司机。 — ______ ______ job? —I’m a ______ ______. 3. —她们是做什么的？ —她们是护士。她们帮助病人。 — ______ ______ they? —They’re ______. They ______ sick ______. 4. —你将来想当什么？ —我想当一名老师。我想教英语。 — What do you ______ ______ ______ in the ______? — I want to be a ______. I want to ______ ______. 5. —在我们班多少学生想成为医生？ —五人。 — ______ ______ students ______ ______ ______ a doctor in our ______? — Five. 点拨 1. 答案:— What does your aunt do? — She’s a factory worker. She makes toys for children. 解析：问句中主语 `your aunt` 是第三人称单数，助动词用 `does`；“阿姨”译为 `aunt`。“工厂工人”译为 `factory worker`；主语 `She` 是第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词 `make` 变为 `makes`；“孩子们”译为 `children`。 2. 答案:— What's your job? —I’m a taxi driver. 解析：询问“你的工作是什么？”用固定句型 `What's your job?`；“出租车司机”译为 `taxi driver`。 3. 答案:— What are they?—They’re nurses. They help sick people. 解析：询问职业的句型 `What are they?` 用于复数主语；“护士”复数形式为 `nurses`。主语 `They` 是复数，动词用原形 `help`；“病人”常用 `sick people` 表达。 4. 答案:— What do you want to be in the future?— I want to be a teacher. I want to teach English. 解析：“将来想当什么”用固定搭配 `want to be`；“将来”译为 `future`。“老师”译为 `teacher`；“教英语”译为 `teach English`，`want to` 后接动词原形。 5. 答案:— How many students want to be a doctor in our class? 解析：询问可数名词数量用 `How many`；“想成为”用固定搭配 `want to be`；“班级”译为 `class`。 综合训练 一、英汉互译 1. 在将来 ____________ 2. 有不同的梦想 ____________ 3. 努力学习 ____________ 4. 多做运动 ____________ 5. 照顾孩子们 ____________ 6. 想成为钢琴家 ____________ 7. 勇敢而强壮 ____________ 8. 上画画课 ____________ 9. go to cooking school ____________ 10. fly to Mars ____________ 11. look at all the stars ____________ 12. travel around the world ____________ 二、选择合适的答案，将序号填在题前括号内 ( )1. — What does he want to be? — He wants to be an ______. A. dentist B. policeman C. astronaut ( )2. I want to play ______ the World Cup ______. A. on, sometimes B. in, some day C. in, some days ( )3. — What ______ they want to be? — They want to be ______. A. does, policemen B. do, policemen C. do, policeman ( )4. — What do you want to do? — ______. A.I like sweet food. B. I want to be a cook. C. I want to travel around the world. ( )5. I like music very much. Music ______ people ______. A. make, happy B. makes, happy C. makes, happily ( )6. She likes playing ______. She wants to be a ______. A. piano, pianist B. the piano, pianist C. the piano, player ( )7. The little child ______ care about his teeth. A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. won’t ( )8. — What do you want to ______ in the future? — I want to ______ sick people. A. be, helping B. do, help C. be, play ( )9. Is that woman a ______? Yes. Look! She is playing at the concert. A. player B. dancer C. pianist ( )10. ______ on the Moon is interesting. A. Walk B. Walks C. Walking ( )11. Kate wants to be a singer. But she doesn’t sing ______. A. beautiful B. well C. good ( )12. I would like to know ______ about you. A. many B. lot C. more ( )13. It’s Sunday today. What about ______ a picnic? A. having B. to have C. have ( )14. — ______ will you ______? — My friend Jack. A. What, write B. Who, write to C. Who, write for ( )15. We ______ a happy family. A. are all have B. have all C. all have 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Jack ______ (be) late this morning. He shouldn’t ______ (be) late again. 2. How many football ______ (play) are there in a football team? 3. — Does he ______ (want) to be an ______ (art)? — Yes. He likes ______ and he is good at ______ (paint). 4. She wants to be a ______ (dance). She thinks ______ (dance) makes people nice. 5. — What ______ you ______ (write) this time? — I will write some stories about my family. 四、翻译句子。 1. 她正在规划未来。 She is ______ ______ the future. 2. 你必须卧床一周。 You ______ ______ ______ bed ______ a ______. 3. 那听起来像鸟叫。 That ______ ______ a bird. 4. 他的父母很关心他的学习。 His parents ______ ______ his ______ very much. 5. — 你的梦想是什么？ — 我的梦想是成为一名作家。 — ______ your dream? — My dream is ______ ______ a ______. 6. 你能告诉我一些有关迪士尼乐园的情况吗？ Can you ______ ______ ______ ______ Disneyland? 7. — 台北夏天天气怎么样？ —炎热多雨。 — ______ the ______ ______ in ______ in Taipei? — It’s hot and ______. 8. 我正在寻找一本关于旅游的杂志。 I’m ______ ______ a ______ ______ ______. 五. 根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F) What are things going to be like in the future? Can you guess? You wake up at seven o’clock. Your breakfast may be ready for you to eat. People needn’t cook. Now you start for work. But you don’t go by car. You get in a moving sidewalk(自动人行道). It carries you to a train station. There you take a train. Three o’clock comes. Your work is over in the day. “I’ll call my friend, John.” You say. John answers the picture phone. You and he can hear and see each other. “What will you do this Saturday?” you ask, “Will you come and visit the under water park with me?” John may says, “ I want to take a spaceship! Let’s fly to the moon!” ( )1. In the future people don’t eat breakfast. ( )2. At three o’clock you start your work. ( )3. You can see and hear on the phone in the future. ( )4. John wants to visit the Mars by spaceship. ( )5. This passage is about our future life. 参考答案 一、英汉互译 1. in the future 2. have different dreams 3. study hard 4. do more exercise 5. take care of children 6. want to be a pianist 7. brave and strong 8. have painting lessons 9. 去烹饪学校 10. 飞往火星 11. 看所有的星星 12. 环游世界 解析：均为固定短语，直接按对应中英文翻译即可，注意名词单复数和介词搭配。 二、选择题 1. 答案：C 解析：空前是`an`，后接元音音素开头单词。A/dentist/、B/policeman/均为辅音开头，C/astronaut/元音开头，选C。 2. 答案：B 解析：“参加世界杯”用`in the World Cup`；“某一天”用`some day`（将来时），选B。 3. 答案：B 解析：主语`they`复数，助动词用`do`；“警察”复数`policemen`，选B。 4. 答案：C 解析：问句“你想做什么？”，A答喜好、B答职业，C答想做的事，选C。 5. 答案：B 解析：主语`Music`单数，谓语用`makes`；`make sb. + 形容词`，`happy`形容词，选B。 6. 答案：B 解析：乐器前加`the`（play the piano）；“钢琴家”`pianist`，选B。 7. 答案：A 解析：实义动词`care`否定用`doesn’t`，主语单数，选A。 8. 答案：B 解析：问句“将来想做什么”用`do`；`want to + 动词原形`，`help sick people`，选B。 9. 答案：C 解析：`play at the concert`（音乐会演奏）对应“钢琴家”，选C。 10. 答案：C 解析：动名词作主语，用`Walking`，选C。 11. 答案：B 解析：修饰动词`sings`用副词，`well`副词，选B。 12. 答案：C 解析：`know more about`（了解更多），选C。 13. 答案：A 解析：`What about + 动名词`，`having`，选A。 14. 答案：B 解析：答语是人，用`Who`；`write to sb.`（给某人写信），选B。 15. 答案：C 解析：实义动词`have`，`all`放实义动词前，`all have`，选C。 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. 答案：was；be 解析：`this morning`过去时，主语单数用`was`；`shouldn’t`后接动词原形`be`。 2. 答案：players 解析：`football player`（足球运动员），`How many`后接复数`players`。 3. 答案：want；artist；painting；painting 解析：`Does`后接动词原形`want`；“艺术家”`artist`；`like doing`/`be good at doing`均用动名词`painting`。 4. 答案：dancer；dancing 解析：“舞蹈家”`dancer`；动名词作主语用`dancing`。 5. 答案：will；write 解析：答语`will`表将来，问句用`will + 动词原形write`。 四、翻译句子 1. 答案：planning for 解析：现在进行时`be doing`；`plan for the future`（规划未来）。 2. 答案：must stay in；for；week 解析：`must`后接动词原形；`stay in bed`（卧床）；`for a week`（一周）。 3. 答案：sounds like 解析：主语单数，谓语`sounds`；`sound like`（听起来像）。 4. 答案：care about；studies 解析：`care about`（关心）；`studies`（学习，复数）。 5. 答案：What’s；to be；writer 解析：`What’s your dream?`（你的梦想是什么？）；`to be a writer`（成为作家）。 6. 答案：tell me about 解析：`tell sb. about sth.`（告诉某人某事）。 7. 答案：What’s；weather like；summer；rainy 解析：`What’s the weather like?`（天气怎么样？）；`rainy`（多雨的）。 8. 答案：looking for；magazine about travelling 解析：现在进行时`be doing`；`look for`（寻找）；`about travelling`（关于旅游）。 五、阅读理解（T/F） 1. 答案：F 解析：文中“breakfast may be ready”（早餐备好），不是不吃早餐。 2. 答案：F 解析：文中“Three o’clock... work is over”（三点下班），不是上班。 3. 答案：T 解析：文中“hear and see each other”（能听能看），正确。 4. 答案：F 解析：文中“fly to the moon”（飞往月球），不是火星。 5. 答案：T 解析：全文讲未来生活，正确。 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $