What Causes Soil Erosion（阅读任务单）高一时文阅读说明文适中

**基本信息** 以环保主题为载体，融合阅读、词汇、语法、写作多维训练，通过定位法、结构分析法等实用技巧，构建“现象-原因-措施”逻辑链条，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语篇理解|4题选择题|细节题定位原文、推理题逻辑分析|自然因素（水/风）→人为因素（农业/砍伐/建设）的因果链| |词汇训练|8词填空|语境选词强化术语应用|核心术语（aggregate/particle等）与主题语境关联| |长难句分析|1句拆解|句子成分拆解（主从句分析）|复合句结构（定语从句+方式状语）| |写作训练|1篇征文|“现象-措施-观点”三段式结构|问题描述→解决方案→总结升华的逻辑闭环|

环保高一时文阅读 What Causes Soil Erosion? 什么导致水土流失？ 走进语篇 话题 体裁 题型 字数 建议阅读时间 难度 什么导致水土流失？ 说明文 选择题 368 8分钟 适中 Soil erosion, like rock erosion, is caused by the movement of water and wind, and glaciers. Since soil is less resistant to these forces, soil erosion tends to occur more rapidly than rock erosion. Water acts on soil, particularly through rainfall and surface runoff. When raindrops strike the soil’s surface, they break apart soil aggregates (that is, the clumps of dirt, sand, and other particles and components that make up the soil), making it easier for water to carry these particles away. This process, in which a thin layer of soil is removed uniformly across a large area, is known as sheet erosion. In other areas, water can carve small channels in the ground or larger channels which further accelerate soil loss. The impact of water-induced erosion is particularly pronounced in areas with steep slopes and heavy rainfall, where the force of water can quickly strip away the topsoil. Wind erosion is another major cause of soil erosion, especially in dry regions. It occurs when strong winds lift and transport loose soil particles over long distances. The process, known as saltation, involves smaller soil particles being lifted into the air and carried away by the wind, while larger particles are rolled along the ground. This type of erosion is exacerbated in areas with little vegetation cover, such as in environments characterized by sand dunes or other types of bare soil, since plants help to anchor the soil and reduce the wind’s ability to dislodge particles. Over time, wind erosion can lead to the formation of desert pavements, where only larger, more resistant particles remain on the surface. Human activities may also contribute to soil erosion by altering the natural landscape and removing vegetation cover. Agricultural practices, such as plowing and tilling, disturb the soil structure and make it more susceptible to wind and water. Deforestation, which involves the removal of trees and vegetation, also increases the risk of soil erosion by eliminating the root systems that stabilize the soil. Additionally, construction and urban development can lead to increased water runoff and soil compaction. These activities often result in accelerated rates of erosion, which can reduce the amount of topsoil available for agriculture and habitat for plants and animals. -https://www.britannica.com/science/What-Causes-Soil-Erosion 牛刀小试 ( ) 1. What is the main difference between soil erosion and rock erosion? A. Soil erosion is caused only by water, while rock erosion is caused by wind. B. Soil erosion happens more slowly than rock erosion. C. Soil erosion occurs more quickly than rock erosion. D. Rock erosion is only caused by glaciers, while soil erosion is caused by wind. ( ) 2. In which type of environment is wind erosion most likely to occur? A. Rainforests with heavy vegetation. B. Dry regions with little plant cover. C. Mountainous areas with steep slopes. D. Wetlands with high water levels. ( ) 3. How does vegetation help prevent soil erosion? A. By increasing wind speed over the soil. B. By absorbing all the rainfall so water cannot move soil. C. By anchoring the soil with roots and reducing wind/water impact. D. By making the soil harder and more resistant to erosion. ( ) 4. Which human activity is NOT mentioned as a cause of soil erosion? A. Deforestation. B. Urban construction. C. Farming (plowing and tilling). D. Overfishing. 词汇聚焦 1. aggregate [ ˈæɡrɪɡət] n. 总数，合计, 混凝料 2. particle [ ˈpɑːtɪk(ə)l] n. 微粒；极少量；粒子 3. steep [ stiːp] adj.（路、山等）陡峭的 4. exacerbate [ ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt ] v. 使恶化，使加剧 5. bare [ beə(r)] adj. 赤裸的；光秃秃的 6. plow [ plaʊ] v. 耕，犁；（用犁）挖出 7. susceptible [ səˈseptəb(ə)l] adj. 易得病的，易受影响的 8. construct [ kənˈstrʌkt] v. 建造，修建；组成 词汇练习 1、 选词填空 aggregate, particle, steep, exacerbate, bare, plow, susceptible, construct 1. My next work was to ________________ a nest and anchor it in a tree. 2. ______________ physicists and astronomers collaborate often. 3. They won 4–2 on _______________. 4. Sure, you can use a mule to _____________ a field, it works. 5. The path led up a ______________ hill. 6. Climate change will only _______________ such pressures. 7. The hills above the valley are _______________ rock. 8. James was extremely_________________ to flattery. 长难句分析 1. Deforestation, which involves the removal of trees and vegetation, also increases the risk of soil erosion by eliminating the root systems that stabilize the soil. 【分析】本句句子主语是_______________________________；非限制性定语从句是________________________________________________________________；主干句是____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【译文】____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作训练 你校将举办一场征文活动，作文标题是：How to Prevent Soil Erosion? 内容要求如下： 1.介绍当下水土流失现象； 2.采取相应措施； 3.总结个人观点。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Prevent Soil Erosion? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 背景拓展 What is Soil Erosion? Soil erosion is the process by which the top layer of soil is removed or displaced from its original location. This natural phenomenon occurs due to the action of water, wind, ice, or other geological processes. When rain falls on the soil, it can wash away the loose particles, especially on slopes or in areas with little vegetation. Wind can also blow loose soil particles away, particularly in dry and barren landscapes. While soil erosion is a natural process, human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing by livestock, and unsustainable agricultural practices have accelerated its rate, leading to severe environmental impacts. The consequences of soil erosion are far-reaching and multifaceted. One of the primary impacts is the loss of fertile topsoil, which is rich in nutrients necessary for plant growth. This leads to a decline in agricultural productivity, affecting food security and livelihoods. Additionally, soil erosion can cause sedimentation in rivers and streams, leading to water pollution and the disruption of aquatic ecosystems. It also increases the risk of natural disasters like landslides and floods. To combat soil erosion, it is essential to implement soil conservation methods such as contour farming, terracing, reforestation, and the use of cover crops to protect the soil surface and maintain its health and productivity. -https://agrilandhub.com/what-is-soil-erosion/ 参考译文 什么是土壤流失？ 土壤侵蚀是指表层土壤从其原有位置被移除或移动的过程。这一自然现象是由于水、风、冰或其他地质过程的作用而发生的。 当雨水落在土壤上时，它会冲走松散的颗粒，尤其是在斜坡或植被稀少的地区。风也能吹走松散的土壤颗粒，特别是在干燥和贫瘠的环境中。 虽然土壤侵蚀是一个自然过程，但人类活动，如森林砍伐、过度放牧和不可持续的农业做法，已经加速了其速度，导致了严重的环境影响。 土壤侵蚀的后果是深远且多方面的。其中一个主要影响是肥沃的表层土壤流失，这种土壤富含植物生长所需的养分。 这会导致农业生产力下降，影响粮食安全和生计。此外，土壤侵蚀还会导致河流和溪流中的沉积，造成水污染和破坏水生生态系统。 它还增加了诸如山体滑坡和洪水等自然灾害的风险。为了防治水土流失，必须采取诸如等高耕作、修筑梯田、植树造林以及种植覆盖作物等土壤保护措施，以保护土壤表面，保持其健康和肥力。 答案与解析 牛刀小试 1. C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Since soil is less resistant to these forces, soil erosion tends to occur more rapidly than rock erosion， 由于土壤对这些力的抵抗力较弱，土壤侵蚀往往比岩石侵蚀发生得更快。 2. B【解析】细节理解题。由题干定位到第三段第一句， Wind erosion is another major cause of soil erosion, especially in dry regions. It occurs when strong winds lift and transport loose soil particles over long distances, 风蚀是土壤侵蚀的另一个主要原因，特别是在干旱地区。当强风将松散的土壤颗粒抬升并远距离运输时，就会发生这种情况。 3. C 【解析】 推理判断题。由题干vegetation help prevent soil erosion，定位到第三段第四句This type of erosion is exacerbated in areas with little vegetation cover…since plants help to anchor the soil and reduce the wind’s ability to dislodge particles， 在植被覆盖较少的地区，这种类型的侵蚀会加剧……因为植物有助于固定土壤，降低风带走颗粒的能力。 4. D 【解析】 推理判断题。由题干定位到第四段， Human activities may also contribute to soil erosion by altering the natural landscape and removing vegetation cover. Agricultural practices, such as plowing and tilling…人类活动也可能通过改变自然景观和移除植被来促进土壤侵蚀。耕作等农业活动…… 词汇练习 一、1. construct 2. Particle 3. aggregate 4. plow 5. steep 6. exacerbate 7. bare 8. susceptible 长难句分析 1. 【分析】Deforestation; which involves the removal of trees and vegetation; Deforestation, also increases the risk of soil erosion by eliminating the root systems that stabilize the soil. 【译文】森林砍伐，包括砍伐树木和植被，也增加了土壤侵蚀的风险，因为它破坏了稳定土壤的根系。 写作训练 How to Prevent Soil Erosion? Soil erosion has become a serious environmental issue worldwide. Due to deforestation, overgrazing, and improper farming, fertile soil is being washed or blown away, threatening agriculture and ecosystems. To address this, effective measures must be taken. Planting trees and grasses can stabilize soil with their roots. Building check dams can reduce water flow, while sustainable farming practices, like crop rotation, help maintain soil health. In my opinion, preventing soil erosion requires collective effort. Governments should enforce protective policies, and individuals must adopt eco-friendly habits. Only by working together can we preserve our precious soil for future generations. 参考译文 什么导致水土流失？ 土壤侵蚀和岩石侵蚀一样，是由水、风和冰川的运动引起的。由于土壤对这些力的抵抗力较弱，土壤侵蚀往往比岩石侵蚀发生得更快。 水对土壤起作用，特别是通过降雨和地表径流。当雨滴击中土壤表面时，它们会破坏土壤团聚体（即组成土壤的污垢、沙子和其他颗粒和成分），使水更容易将这些颗粒带走。在这个过程中，一层薄薄的土壤在大面积上被均匀地移除，这被称为薄片侵蚀。在其他地区，水可以在地面上凿出小通道或大通道，从而进一步加速土壤流失。在陡坡和强降雨地区，水侵蚀的影响尤为明显，在那里，水的力量可以迅速剥离表层土壤。 风蚀是土壤侵蚀的另一个主要原因，特别是在干旱地区。当强风将松散的土壤颗粒抬升并远距离运输时，就会发生这种情况。这个过程被称为跃移，其中较小的土壤颗粒被提升到空气中并被风带走，而较大的颗粒则沿着地面滚动。在植被覆盖较少的地区，如以沙丘或其他类型的裸露土壤为特征的环境中，这种类型的侵蚀会加剧，因为植物有助于固定土壤，降低风带走颗粒的能力。随着时间的推移，风蚀会导致沙漠路面的形成，只有更大、更抗侵蚀的颗粒留在地面上。 人类活动也可能通过改变自然景观和移除植被来促进土壤侵蚀。耕作等农业活动扰乱了土壤结构，使其更容易受到风和水的影响。森林砍伐，包括砍伐树木和植被，也增加了土壤侵蚀的风险，因为它破坏了稳定土壤的根系。此外，建筑和城市发展会导致径流增加和土壤压实。这些活动往往导致侵蚀速度加快，从而减少可用于农业和动植物栖息地的表土数量。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $