精品解析：北京师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期期中练习高二英语

北京师大二附中2025—2026学年第二学期期中练习 高二英语 本试卷共14页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡，不收试卷。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A mystery man, known as Benny, has been spreading happiness — one $100 bill at a time for more than three years in and around Salem, Oregon. He randomly ___1___ the bills in shops to be found, surprising and delighting unsuspecting shoppers. When it appeared that others might be trying to copy him, he started ___2___ his bills. It is estimated that he has hidden more than $50,000 worth of $100 bills, and that’s only what has been reported. Some people have been keeping track of ___3___ the bills are found, and notice that he has left them in stores, markets and fairs. Those who find one all have a similar tale about being ___4___ when a $100 bill, with the mark of “Benny”, falls out of the packaging of something. It is ___5___ how these bills always seem to end up in the right hands. They have helped people pay their electric bill, make their rent, and even provide the homeless with ___6___ for a couple of nights. But the real magic of Benny is that more than half of the ___7___ report paying it forward to their favorite non-profit or a stranger in need. Some of the most heartwarming stories involve children. ___8___ shopping for toys’ they decide to buy school supplies for their classmates or groceries for the local food bank. The bills are so ___9___ by some of the people who find them that they post them on their refrigerators or carry them in their purses. It’s a _____10_____ they say, to give and be like Benny. 1. A. covers B. buries C. hides D. stores 2. A. returning B. checking C. changing D. signing 3. A. when B. where C. how D. why 4. A. amazed B. impressed C. inspired D. amused 5. A. acceptable B. understandable C. memorable D. remarkable 6. A. food B. clothing C. shelter D. transport 7. A. finders B. sellers C. losers D. beggars 8. A. Thanks to B. Instead of C. But for D. Apart from 9. A. protected B. recommended C. treasured D. expected 10. A. chance B. challenge C. record D. reminder 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Alex Weber and Jack Johnston were shocked when they discovered thousands of golf balls in the water when free diving in the Carmel Bay. ____11____ (concern), they learned that after a ball's outer plastic layer breaks down, its rubber band core falls apart into ____12____ looks like dried seagrass, which may be mistakenly eaten by birds and sea life. They ____13____ (start) the Plastic Pick-Up, a non-profit committed to keeping plastics pollution out of the ocean. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival was launched in September, ____14____ (feature) an international forum to discuss cultural civilizations and the Confucius Culture Week for Chinese and foreign students. This annual festival ____15____ (include) both online and offline events, which are aimed at connecting Confucian culture ____16____ (fan) worldwide. Founded in 1989, it is one of the largest festivals nationally and internationally supported by tourism festivals integrating culture, tourism, and ____17____ (science)research with the aim of promoting ancient Chinese culture. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____18____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____19____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____20____ (see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone's personality and might lend to losing friends. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A THE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTRE YOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGE The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange. As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals. HERE TO HELP Whatever your interest in the Olympic Movement—academic or professional—we will help you find the information you need, quickly and easily. We’re here to: Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statistics Give personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archives Lend you books and publications, even internationally Give you online access: to our electronic documents Award research grants: to PhD students and established researchers Connect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studies Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange. This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies. Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the world’s Olympic knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies. Join our academic mailing list University professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description of your academic status and your full contact details. VISIT US You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form. 21. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________. A. give personalized guidance B. provide resources on the Olympics C. receive Olympic fans across the world D. update information on Olympism for officials 22. What can be learned about the academic community? A. It is organized by Olympic officials. B. It launches projects at universities. C. It promotes academic exchanges. D. It provides electronic documents. 23. If you want to visit the center, you have to ________. A. fill out a visitor request form B. enter the Olympic Museum C. make an appointment D. arrive on workdays B The Wrestler Who Became an Author Pete Watson looks like the biggest, sweetest teddy bear you ever saw. It is only when he opens his mouth that you notice his missing front teeth. He is a three-time world champion wrestler and now an author who has written several novels. However, what impresses people most is not his status as a champion or an author, but his unique understanding of wrestling. Watson does not come from a traditional wrestling family. His father was an athletics director with a PhD, while his mother was a physical education teacher. He was a big boy, who was often bullied for his size. One day his neighbor had a go at him, and for the first time Watson realized that he could use his weight and size instead of feeling awkward about it. It was a turning point. At college, he did a degree in communication studies. Meanwhile, he was learning the ropes of professional wrestling. His parents did not object to his learning to wrestle. They were just really insistent that he finished college. “I am pretty sure that they thought I’d get hurt and quit, but I didn’t,” he said. Watson insisted on the training and enjoyed every game. Once he said to his fans, “The process of the games is the most enjoyable thing for me. It’s good to have a lot of cheers during the games. They encourage me to do it better.” Some fans asked him what he thought of wrestling, for they wanted to know if he had to be a good actor to become a good wrestler. Watson gave a definite answer. “I used to really dislike the acting label,” he said. “But it is acting. When it’s really good, when you’re feeling it and letting that real emotion fly, it comes closer to being real.” Now Watson has retired and devoted the time to his family and books—his next novel is about boy wrestlers living on the same block. He does not think this life is so different from wrestling. “Wrestling is all about characters,” he says. “So when my fans hear I’ve written a novel, I don’t get the sense that they feel I’ve abandoned them.” 24. According to Paragraph 2, what was the turning point for Watson? A. He became annoyed at his weight and size. B. He decided to become an athletics director. C. He dreamed to come from a wrestling family. D. He began to fight back at those who hurt him. 25. How does Watson regard the idea that wrestling is like acting? A. He has come to accept it. B. He doesn’t like the suggestion. C. He believes good actors come from wrestlers. D. He doesn’t think wrestling can compare to acting. 26. Watson’s present life is not so different from his past profession because ______. A. his books are all about his past profession B. his work is still connected with characters C. his fans still follow his career with interest D. his family gives him the same support as before C We Are Cyborgs RoboCop, the Bionic Woman, Darth Vader-what do these characters have in common? They are all cyborgs-humans who are made more powerful by advanced technology. You might think that cyborgs exist only in fiction, or are a possibility only in the distant future. But cyborg technology already exists. The word “cyborg” was first used in 1960 and defined as an organism “to which external components have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments”. According to this definition, an astronaut in a spacesuit is an example of cyborg, as the spacesuit helps the astronaut adapt to a new environment-space. More recently, the word has evolved to refer to human beings who have mechanical body parts that make them more than human. Although super-humans like RoboCop are not yet a reality, advances in real-life cyborg technology allow some people to compensate for abilities they have lost, and give other people new and unusual abilities. An example is filmmaker Rob Spence and his bionic eye. Spence injured one of his eyes in an accident. A camera was implanted in his prosthetic eye(假眼). The eye is not connected to his brain or optic nerve(视神经), but it can record what he sees. Spence has used his camera eye to record interviews for a documentary about people with bionic body parts. Some types of cyborg technology replace a lost ability by connecting directly to a person’s nerves. Michael Chorost completely and suddenly lost his ability to hear in July of 2001. Two months later, doctors placed a cochlear implant, a kind of computer, inside his skull. This type of implant connects to auditory nerves and allows a deaf person to hear again. Around the world, over 300,000 people have now been fitted with cochlear implants. These examples of cyborg technology have enabled people to enhance or change their abilities and improve their lives. But does everyone want to use cyborg technology? It might be too late to decide. Cyborg scientist Amber Case argues that most of us are already cyborgs. Anyone who uses a computer or a smartphone, Case claims, is a cyborg. Consider the data that you have in your smartphone. It keeps information for you so you don’t have to remember it: notes, phone numbers, email addresses, messages. It also allows you to communicate with friends and family via telephone, text messages, email, and social networks. The potential benefits of cyborg technology are evident, but can this new technology be harmful, too? Could we become too dependent on cyborg technology-and become less than human? These still remain questions. 27. According to the passage, the cyborg _______. A. is similar to human beings B. took root in fiction characters C. first appeared in space industry D. has some device attached to the body 28. With the help of cyborg technology, _______. A. eyesight can be restored B. the nerve injury can be repaired C. lost abilities can be replaced by a new skill D. hearing loss can be prevented by cochlear implants 29. Amber Case probably thinks that ______. A. technology makes cyborgs become common B. cyborg technology is crucial to modern society C. the use of mobiles improves cyborg technology D. cyborg technology helps improve human memory 30. What is the author’s attitude toward cyborg technology? A. Critical. B. Skeptical. C. Optimistic. D. Objective. D In college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too. It’s time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame—but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days. A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our “post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought. In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological “species” contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial—so it is not just an issue for basic science. Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution. Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodates dissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths. I recall a legendary chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work—but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did very well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age. 31. The problem of current science training is that ______. A. students cannot become specialists B. it goes against established science education C. students lose trust in their teachers and professors D. it fails to provide students with what they need in future 32. The periodic table is mentioned to prove that ______. A. even the widely accepted can be challenged B. students are generally ignorant of science C. most previous researches are out of date D. science has been developing with time 33. It can be learnt from the passage that ______. A. students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubt B. science students do not contest elements or species C. students should not trust established science D. diversity prevents progress in science 34. Which of the following statements best represents the writer’s opinion? A. Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. B. Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths. C. Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers. D. The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Pets are like our family members and their good health is something that is very important to all pet owners. Just as the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (一氧化物) and carbon dioxide in the air, affect our health, these same environmental nasties can affect our pets too. ______35______57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. In a more recent study from the journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, researchers found that cats with breathing problems were more likely to live in households with higher indoor air pollution. Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. They work to remove harmful chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other environmental pollutants from the air._____36_____But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? _____37_____The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. Air purifiers come in various shapes and sizes, from small desk-top units to large, free-standing models. In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. ______38______ Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct.____39____We should always stay away from the ones that produce even minimal quantities. We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter. Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them. A. At present many homes are equipped with these useful devices. B. Before buying an air purifier, we should keep two aspects in mind. C. Pet owners always pay close attention to the physical health of their pets. D. Even the smallest pets shouldn’t be able to access the insides of air purifiers. E. This greatly depends on the type of air purifier and air cleaning technology used. F. So always check the product specifications and try to find a model that does not produce any carbon monoxide. G. A 2008 study published in Brain and Cognition showed that dogs’ brains were negatively affected by the heavy pollution levels. 第三部分：词汇基础（共四节，20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据所给首字母、词性和英文释义在句中填写单词，并将单词的完整形式填写在相应位置上。 40. For the past three years he has been e________ as a firefighter. (v. to give sb. a job to do for payment)(根据首字母单词拼写) 41. Unlike traditional art films, c________ movies are mainly made for profit. (adj. involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods) (根据首字母单词拼写) 42. When new books arrive, the l________ work together to sort them and place them on the correct shelves. (n. a person who is in charge of or works in a library) (根据首字母单词拼写) 43. The company’s financial team a________ a sharp rise in demand earlier this year, so they had prepared enough products in advance. (v. to realize in advance that sth. may happen and to be prepared for it.) (根据首字母单词拼写) 44. After complaining of chest pain for several days, she finally decided to consult a p________. (n. a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery) (根据首字母单词拼写) 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 从所给方框中选择合适的词组，并用其适当形式填空（有两个多余的选项）。 be involved in apart from consist of go through end up apply to compared to 45. The skills you learned in this course can ____________ many real-life situations outside the classroom. 46. Several well-known companies ____________ the research project since its launch in 2018. 47. The traveler missed his flight and ____________ staying at the airport for the whole night. 48. The committee often ____________ twelve members, including the chairman and two secretaries. 49. The country ____________ too many wars and natural disasters in the past century. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 从所给选项中选择符合句子划线词语义和用法的中文释义。 50. He argues that climate change is mainly due to the actions of industrialized countries. A. adj. 到期的 B. adj. 由于、因为 C. adj. 应付的 D. adj. 预计的 51. She has already engaged a lawyer. A. v. 吸引住 B. v. 尽力理解 C. v. 参加 D. v. 雇佣 52. We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait. A. v. 计算 B. v. 认为 C. v. 描绘 D. v. 象征 53. There are reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed. A. n. 场地 B. n. 战场 C. n. 范围、领域 D. n. 理由、根据 54. We should fit the punishment to the crime. A. v. 安装 B. v. 可容纳 C. v. 符合，使……合适 D. v. 合身 第四节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据句义，选出合适的单词或词组完成句子。 55. If you wait for the end of the season, you can get a better ________ for new clothes. A. fake B. insight C. bargain D. emphasis 56. During the 19th century, many Europeans ___________ to America in search of a new life. A. divorced B. disrupted C. migrated D. retrieved 57. The school board decided to ___________ its existing employment policy. A. expel B. modify C. accumulate D. defeat 58. It was ___________ from her tone of voice and serious facial expression that she was upset about the outcome. A. apparent B. content C. commonplace D. fatal 59. Security cameras captured the ___________ breaking into the computer. A. hackers B. products C. observation D. anticipation 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第60、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 60. What is empathy? 61. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 62. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 63. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 64. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，暑期将在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．个人优势； 3．能做的事情。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京师大二附中2025—2026学年第二学期期中练习 高二英语 本试卷共14页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡，不收试卷。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A mystery man, known as Benny, has been spreading happiness — one $100 bill at a time for more than three years in and around Salem, Oregon. He randomly ___1___ the bills in shops to be found, surprising and delighting unsuspecting shoppers. When it appeared that others might be trying to copy him, he started ___2___ his bills. It is estimated that he has hidden more than $50,000 worth of $100 bills, and that’s only what has been reported. Some people have been keeping track of ___3___ the bills are found, and notice that he has left them in stores, markets and fairs. Those who find one all have a similar tale about being ___4___ when a $100 bill, with the mark of “Benny”, falls out of the packaging of something. It is ___5___ how these bills always seem to end up in the right hands. They have helped people pay their electric bill, make their rent, and even provide the homeless with ___6___ for a couple of nights. But the real magic of Benny is that more than half of the ___7___ report paying it forward to their favorite non-profit or a stranger in need. Some of the most heartwarming stories involve children. ___8___ shopping for toys’ they decide to buy school supplies for their classmates or groceries for the local food bank. The bills are so ___9___ by some of the people who find them that they post them on their refrigerators or carry them in their purses. It’s a _____10_____ they say, to give and be like Benny. 1. A. covers B. buries C. hides D. stores 2. A. returning B. checking C. changing D. signing 3. A. when B. where C. how D. why 4. A. amazed B. impressed C. inspired D. amused 5. A. acceptable B. understandable C. memorable D. remarkable 6. A. food B. clothing C. shelter D. transport 7. A. finders B. sellers C. losers D. beggars 8. A. Thanks to B. Instead of C. But for D. Apart from 9. A. protected B. recommended C. treasured D. expected 10. A. chance B. challenge C. record D. reminder 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神秘慈善家在城里到处藏百元大钞，帮助有需要帮助的人，并且爱心得到了传递。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他随机地把钱藏在商店里，让不知情的顾客发现，既惊喜又开心。 A. covers覆盖；B. buries埋葬；C. hides隐藏；D. stores储存。根据“It is estimated that he has hidden more than $50,000 worth of $100 bills, and that’s only what has been reported.”可知，神秘男子随机地把钱藏在商店里。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当发现其他人可能试图模仿他时，他开始在钞票上签字。A. returning返回；B. checking核对；C. changing改变；D. signing签。根据“When it appeared that others might be trying to copy him,”可知，神秘男子在隐藏的钞票上签上字以防别人模仿他。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：有些人一直在跟踪这些钞票是在哪里发现的，并注意到他把它们留在了商店、市场和集市上。介词of后接宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用连接副词where引导。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些找到钞票的人都有一个类似的故事，当一张印有“本尼”标志的100美元钞票从某个东西的包装上掉下来时，他们感到惊讶。A. amazed惊讶的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. inspired受鼓舞的；D. amused愉快的。根据“when a $100 bill, with the mark of “Benny”, falls out of the packaging of something.”可知，不知情的顾客发现100美元掉下来会感到惊讶。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是，这些钞票似乎总是落到正确的人手中。A. acceptable可接受的；B. understandable可理解的；C. memorable难忘的；D. remarkable非凡的；值得注意的。根据“how these bills always seem to end up in the right hands.”可知，钞票总是落到正确的人手中是让人值得注意的。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助人们支付电费、交房租，甚至为无家可归的人提供几个晚上的栖身之所。A. food食物；B. clothing衣服；C. shelter庇护所；D. transport运输。根据“and even provide the homeless”可知，这些钱为无家可归提供几个晚上的栖身之所。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但本尼的真正魔力在于，超过一半的发现者报告将钱转发给了他们最喜欢的非营利组织或需要帮助的陌生人。A. finders发现者；B. sellers卖方；C. losers失败者；D. beggars乞丐。根据“paying it forward to their favorite non-profit or a stranger in need.”可知，有一半的发现者将发现的钞票转给非营利组织和有需要的陌生人。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们决定为同学们购买学习用品，或者为当地的食品银行购买食品杂货，而不是购买玩具。 A. Thanks to多亏；B. Instead of而不是；C. But for要不是；D. Apart from除……以外。根据“they decide to buy school supplies for their classmates or groceries for the local food bank.”可知，一些孩子发现钞票之后，而不是去买玩具。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人发现这些钞票后非常珍视，他们把它们贴在冰箱上或放在钱包里随身携带。A. protected保护；B. recommended推荐；C. treasured珍藏；珍视； D. expected期盼。根据“by some of the people who find them that they post them on their refrigerators or carry them in their purses.”可知，有些人发现这些钞票后非常珍视，将它们收藏。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说这是一个提醒，去付出，像本尼一样。A. chance机会；B. challenge挑战；C. record记录；D. reminder提醒。根据“to give and be like Benny.”可知，有些人收藏这些钞票是为了作一个提醒，像本尼一样去帮助别人。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Alex Weber and Jack Johnston were shocked when they discovered thousands of golf balls in the water when free diving in the Carmel Bay. ____11____ (concern), they learned that after a ball's outer plastic layer breaks down, its rubber band core falls apart into ____12____ looks like dried seagrass, which may be mistakenly eaten by birds and sea life. They ____13____ (start) the Plastic Pick-Up, a non-profit committed to keeping plastics pollution out of the ocean. 【答案】11. Concerned 12. what 13. started 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了亚历克斯·韦伯和杰克·约翰斯顿发起了“塑料回收”，这个致力于防止塑料污染进入海洋的非营利组织的过程。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们担心，在一个球的外层塑料层分解后，它的橡皮筋芯会分解成看起来像干海草的东西，可能会被鸟类和海洋生物误食。空处需填形容词concerned作状语，强调人的心理状态，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Concerned。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的东西”，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们发起了“塑料回收”，这是一个致力于防止塑料污染进入海洋的非营利组织。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填started。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival was launched in September, ____14____ (feature) an international forum to discuss cultural civilizations and the Confucius Culture Week for Chinese and foreign students. This annual festival ____15____ (include) both online and offline events, which are aimed at connecting Confucian culture ____16____ (fan) worldwide. Founded in 1989, it is one of the largest festivals nationally and internationally supported by tourism festivals integrating culture, tourism, and ____17____ (science)research with the aim of promoting ancient Chinese culture. 【答案】14. featuring 15. includes 16. fans 17. scientific 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际孔子文化节。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2021国际孔子文化节在九月份被发起，主要由一个讨论文化文明的国际论坛和为国内外学生开展的孔子文化周组成。根据句型分析，此空考查非谓语做状语成分，且前面的International Confucius Cultural Festival和feature关系为主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填featuring。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这每年举行的节日包括线上线下盛事。由句型分析，此空应填谓语动词，主语为This annual festival，且由后面 are aimed at推断此空用用主动且为一般现在时。故填includes。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这活动主要目的在于把全世界孔子文化粉丝连接在一起。根据句意，且由此空后worldwide推断，此处应用fan复数概念。故填fans。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：建立于1989，这是被国内外旅游文化节，旅游业和科学研究支持的重大节日之一，目的是为了促进中国古代文化的传播。由句型结构分析，research为名词，此空应填形容词结构形式来修饰名词。故填scientific。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____18____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____19____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____20____ (see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone's personality and might lend to losing friends. 【答案】18. without 19. who##that 20. are seen 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自力更生是成为一个独立的人的重要因素，而过度依赖别人则可能会失去朋友。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：当你可以自己做决定而不依赖他人的认可时，你就是在独立行事。表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一个独立自主、有信心做决定的人会发现自己是被依赖的。空处引导定语从句，先行词A person，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，严重依赖他人支持的人被视为需要和苛刻。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为people和see为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为people，be动词用are。故填are seen。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A THE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTRE YOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGE The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange. As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals. HERE TO HELP Whatever your interest in the Olympic Movement—academic or professional—we will help you find the information you need, quickly and easily. We’re here to: Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statistics Give personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archives Lend you books and publications, even internationally Give you online access: to our electronic documents Award research grants: to PhD students and established researchers Connect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studies Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange. This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies. Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the world’s Olympic knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies. Join our academic mailing list University professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description of your academic status and your full contact details. VISIT US You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form. 21. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________. A. give personalized guidance B. provide resources on the Olympics C. receive Olympic fans across the world D. update information on Olympism for officials 22. What can be learned about the academic community? A. It is organized by Olympic officials. B. It launches projects at universities. C. It promotes academic exchanges. D. It provides electronic documents. 23. If you want to visit the center, you have to ________. A. fill out a visitor request form B. enter the Olympic Museum C. make an appointment D. arrive on workdays 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹克研究中心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies中One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据VISIT US中You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，如果你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。故选D。 B The Wrestler Who Became an Author Pete Watson looks like the biggest, sweetest teddy bear you ever saw. It is only when he opens his mouth that you notice his missing front teeth. He is a three-time world champion wrestler and now an author who has written several novels. However, what impresses people most is not his status as a champion or an author, but his unique understanding of wrestling. Watson does not come from a traditional wrestling family. His father was an athletics director with a PhD, while his mother was a physical education teacher. He was a big boy, who was often bullied for his size. One day his neighbor had a go at him, and for the first time Watson realized that he could use his weight and size instead of feeling awkward about it. It was a turning point. At college, he did a degree in communication studies. Meanwhile, he was learning the ropes of professional wrestling. His parents did not object to his learning to wrestle. They were just really insistent that he finished college. “I am pretty sure that they thought I’d get hurt and quit, but I didn’t,” he said. Watson insisted on the training and enjoyed every game. Once he said to his fans, “The process of the games is the most enjoyable thing for me. It’s good to have a lot of cheers during the games. They encourage me to do it better.” Some fans asked him what he thought of wrestling, for they wanted to know if he had to be a good actor to become a good wrestler. Watson gave a definite answer. “I used to really dislike the acting label,” he said. “But it is acting. When it’s really good, when you’re feeling it and letting that real emotion fly, it comes closer to being real.” Now Watson has retired and devoted the time to his family and books—his next novel is about boy wrestlers living on the same block. He does not think this life is so different from wrestling. “Wrestling is all about characters,” he says. “So when my fans hear I’ve written a novel, I don’t get the sense that they feel I’ve abandoned them.” 24. According to Paragraph 2, what was the turning point for Watson? A. He became annoyed at his weight and size. B. He decided to become an athletics director. C. He dreamed to come from a wrestling family. D. He began to fight back at those who hurt him. 25. How does Watson regard the idea that wrestling is like acting? A. He has come to accept it. B. He doesn’t like the suggestion. C. He believes good actors come from wrestlers. D. He doesn’t think wrestling can compare to acting. 26. Watson’s present life is not so different from his past profession because ______. A. his books are all about his past profession B. his work is still connected with characters C. his fans still follow his career with interest D. his family gives him the same support as before 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pete Watson从一个摔跤手成为了一名作家，详细介绍了Watson的个人经历以及他对摔跤的看法。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He was a big boy, who was often bullied for his size. One day his neighbor had a go at him, and for the first time Watson realized that he could use his weight and size instead of feeling awkward about it. It was a turning point.(他是个大男孩，经常因为块头大而被欺负。一天，他的邻居攻击了他，这是沃森第一次意识到他可以利用自己的体重和体型，而不是感到尴尬。这是一个转折点)”可知，Watson的转折点是他开始反击那些伤害他的人。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some fans asked him what he thought of wrestling, for they wanted to know if he had to be a good actor to become a good wrestler. Watson gave a definite answer. “I used to really dislike the acting label,” he said. “But it is acting. When it’s really good, when you’re feeling it and letting that real emotion fly, it comes closer to being real.”(一些粉丝问他对摔跤有什么看法，他们想知道他是否必须成为一个优秀的演员才能成为一个优秀的摔跤手。Watson给了一个明确的回答，他说：“我以前真的不喜欢表演这个标签，但这是演戏。当它真的很棒时，当你真正感受到它并放飞真实的情感时，它就更接近真实了。”)”可知，Watson已经开始接受摔跤就像表演的观点。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now Watson has retired and devoted the time to his family and books—his next novel is about boy wrestlers living on the same block. He does not think this life is so different from wrestling. “Wrestling is all about characters,” he says.(现在Watson已经退休了，把时间都花在了家庭和书籍上——他的下一部小说是关于住在同一街区的男孩摔跤手的。他不认为这种生活和摔跤有什么不同。他说道：“摔跤就是关于角色。”)”可知，Watson现在的生活与他过去的职业并没有太大的不同，因为他的工作仍然与角色有关。故选B。 C We Are Cyborgs RoboCop, the Bionic Woman, Darth Vader-what do these characters have in common? They are all cyborgs-humans who are made more powerful by advanced technology. You might think that cyborgs exist only in fiction, or are a possibility only in the distant future. But cyborg technology already exists. The word “cyborg” was first used in 1960 and defined as an organism “to which external components have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments”. According to this definition, an astronaut in a spacesuit is an example of cyborg, as the spacesuit helps the astronaut adapt to a new environment-space. More recently, the word has evolved to refer to human beings who have mechanical body parts that make them more than human. Although super-humans like RoboCop are not yet a reality, advances in real-life cyborg technology allow some people to compensate for abilities they have lost, and give other people new and unusual abilities. An example is filmmaker Rob Spence and his bionic eye. Spence injured one of his eyes in an accident. A camera was implanted in his prosthetic eye(假眼). The eye is not connected to his brain or optic nerve(视神经), but it can record what he sees. Spence has used his camera eye to record interviews for a documentary about people with bionic body parts. Some types of cyborg technology replace a lost ability by connecting directly to a person’s nerves. Michael Chorost completely and suddenly lost his ability to hear in July of 2001. Two months later, doctors placed a cochlear implant, a kind of computer, inside his skull. This type of implant connects to auditory nerves and allows a deaf person to hear again. Around the world, over 300,000 people have now been fitted with cochlear implants. These examples of cyborg technology have enabled people to enhance or change their abilities and improve their lives. But does everyone want to use cyborg technology? It might be too late to decide. Cyborg scientist Amber Case argues that most of us are already cyborgs. Anyone who uses a computer or a smartphone, Case claims, is a cyborg. Consider the data that you have in your smartphone. It keeps information for you so you don’t have to remember it: notes, phone numbers, email addresses, messages. It also allows you to communicate with friends and family via telephone, text messages, email, and social networks. The potential benefits of cyborg technology are evident, but can this new technology be harmful, too? Could we become too dependent on cyborg technology-and become less than human? These still remain questions. 27. According to the passage, the cyborg _______. A. is similar to human beings B. took root in fiction characters C. first appeared in space industry D. has some device attached to the body 28. With the help of cyborg technology, _______. A. eyesight can be restored B. the nerve injury can be repaired C. lost abilities can be replaced by a new skill D. hearing loss can be prevented by cochlear implants 29. Amber Case probably thinks that ______. A. technology makes cyborgs become common B. cyborg technology is crucial to modern society C. the use of mobiles improves cyborg technology D. cyborg technology helps improve human memory 30. What is the author’s attitude toward cyborg technology? A. Critical. B. Skeptical. C. Optimistic. D. Objective. 【答案】27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了半机械人技术，这是一种通过给人的身体上安装一些外部部件，让失去的能力可以被一种新技能取代的一种技术。文章举出了一些半机械人技术应用的一例子，以及人们对这项技术的看法。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中The word “cyborg” was first used in 1960 and defined as an organism “to which external components have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments”.可知“cyborg”一词于1960年首次被使用，当时被定义为一种“为了适应新环境而加入外部部件”的生物。由此可知，半机械人指的是的身体上安装有一些外部部件。故选D。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中Although super-humans like RoboCop are not yet a reality, advances in real-life cyborg technology allow some people to compensate for abilities they have lost, and give other people new and unusual abilities.可知尽管像机械战警这样的超级人类还没有成为现实，但现实生活中半机械人技术的进步让一些人能够弥补他们失去的能力，并赋予其他人新的和不寻常的能力。由此可知，在半机械人技术的帮助下，失去的能力可以被一种新技能取代。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Cyborg scientist Amber Case argues that most of us are already cyborgs. Anyone who uses a computer or a smartphone, Case claims, is a cyborg. Consider the data that you have in your smartphone. It keeps information for you so you don’t have to remember it: notes, phone numbers, email addresses, messages. It also allows you to communicate with friends and family via telephone, text messages, email, and social networks.可知电子人科学家Amber Case认为，我们中的大多数人已经是半机械人了。Case称，任何使用电脑或智能手机的人都是半机械人。考虑一下你智能手机里的数据。它为你保存信息，所以你不必记住笔记，电话号码，电子邮件地址，消息。它还允许你通过电话、短信、电子邮件和社交网络与朋友和家人交流。由此可推知，Amber Case认为科技使半机械人变得普遍。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段The potential benefits of cyborg technology are evident, but can this new technology be harmful, too? Could we become too dependent on cyborg technology-and become less than human? These still remain questions.可知半机械人技术的潜在好处是显而易见的，但这种新技术也会有害吗？我们会不会变得过于依赖半机械人技术而变得不如人类？这些仍然是问题。由此可推知，作者提到了半机械人技术的好处，但是也提出了对这种技术是否有害的疑问，可知作者对半机械人技术的态度是客观的。故选D。 【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第四小题，根据最后一段The potential benefits of cyborg technology are evident, but can this new technology be harmful, too? Could we become too dependent on cyborg technology-and become less than human? These still remain questions.可知半机械人技术的潜在好处是显而易见的，但这种新技术也会有害吗？我们会不会变得过于依赖半机械人技术而变得不如人类？这些仍然是问题。由此可推知，作者提到了半机械人技术的好处，但是也提出了对这种技术是否有害的疑问，可知作者对半机械人技术的态度是客观的。故选D。 D In college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too. It’s time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame—but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days. A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our “post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought. In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological “species” contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial—so it is not just an issue for basic science. Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution. Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodates dissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths. I recall a legendary chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work—but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did very well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age. 31. The problem of current science training is that ______. A. students cannot become specialists B. it goes against established science education C. students lose trust in their teachers and professors D. it fails to provide students with what they need in future 32. The periodic table is mentioned to prove that ______. A. even the widely accepted can be challenged B. students are generally ignorant of science C. most previous researches are out of date D. science has been developing with time 33. It can be learnt from the passage that ______. A. students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubt B. science students do not contest elements or species C. students should not trust established science D. diversity prevents progress in science 34. Which of the following statements best represents the writer’s opinion? A. Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. B. Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths. C. Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers. D. The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了，在科学领域，我们要信任学生来处理科学中的怀疑和多样性，多样性和怀疑产生创造力，如果我们不鼓励学生探究科学真理的真实本质，或者不鼓励他们探索社会如何塑造研究人员提出的问题，那么我们如何让他们做好准备，在我们的“后真理”世界里保持公众对科学的信任。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段最后两句“Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.”（别问，学生们还没准备好知道。在物理学、生物学、任何其他科学课上，学生也经常得到这个答案。），第三段第一句“A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy.”（狭隘、僵化的教育不能使任何人为科学研究、应用和政策的复杂性做好准备。），可知当前科学培训的问题在于它不能为学生提供他们未来进行科学研究所需要的东西。故选D项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段中的“In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination.”（在科学领域，甚至基础的构成要素也可能受到质疑。现在元素周期表的统一模式正在更仔细的检查下被质疑。），说明元素周期表即使是被广泛接受的，也可能会被质疑。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。第三段最后一句“Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.”（多样性和怀疑产生创造力：我们必须为它们腾出空间，并停止引导未来的科学家进入狭隘的专业领域，即重视技术而不是思想。），可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.”（把所有层次的人都当作坚定的思考者，他们的询问教会了我们所有人，这是在后信任时代应对科学挑战的关键。），可知教师应该把所有层次的人看作是坚定的思考者，这能最好描述符合作者观点。故选C项。 【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第3小题中，第三段最后一句“Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Pets are like our family members and their good health is something that is very important to all pet owners. Just as the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (一氧化物) and carbon dioxide in the air, affect our health, these same environmental nasties can affect our pets too. ______35______57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. In a more recent study from the journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, researchers found that cats with breathing problems were more likely to live in households with higher indoor air pollution. Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. They work to remove harmful chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other environmental pollutants from the air._____36_____But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? _____37_____The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. Air purifiers come in various shapes and sizes, from small desk-top units to large, free-standing models. In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. ______38______ Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct.____39____We should always stay away from the ones that produce even minimal quantities. We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter. Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them. A. At present many homes are equipped with these useful devices. B. Before buying an air purifier, we should keep two aspects in mind. C. Pet owners always pay close attention to the physical health of their pets. D. Even the smallest pets shouldn’t be able to access the insides of air purifiers. E. This greatly depends on the type of air purifier and air cleaning technology used. F. So always check the product specifications and try to find a model that does not produce any carbon monoxide. G. A 2008 study published in Brain and Cognition showed that dogs’ brains were negatively affected by the heavy pollution levels. 【答案】35. G 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，宠物的健康对所有宠物主人来说都非常重要，比如有呼吸问题的猫更可能生活在室内空气污染较高的家庭中，因此选择一款适当的空气净化器很重要，文章就如何确保空气净化器不会伤害我们的宠物做出了说明。 【35题详解】 由下文“57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. (57%的狗暴露在高污染水平下，会患上脑部疾病，并表现出神经问题的迹象)”可知，G选项“2008年发表在《大脑与认知》杂志上的一项研究表明，狗的大脑受到严重污染水平的负面影响。”引出高污染对狗大脑的负面影响，承接下文讲狗因高污染会出现脑部疾病问题。故选G项。 【36题详解】 由上文“Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. (空气净化器近年来已投入使用)”和下文“But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? (但是它们对宠物安全吗？我们如何确保它们不会伤害我们毛茸茸的朋友？)”可知，在空气净化器已投入使用的前提下，人们开始思考它们对于宠物是否安全，说明有些家庭已经使用了这种有用的设备——空气净化器，才会提出下文的疑问，承接上下文，A选项“目前许多家庭都配备了这些有用的设备。”切题。故选A项。 【37题详解】 由上文“But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends? (但是它们对宠物安全吗？我们如何确保它们不会伤害我们毛茸茸的朋友？)”，下文第四段“The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. (在宠物周围使用机械设备的身体安全是我们必须注意的)”和第五段“Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. (空气净化器是否改善或损害动物的健康也是我们必须考虑的问题)”可知，下文就上文提到的空气净化器对于宠物是否安全的问题，下文从两个方面入手，确保人们买到合适的空气净化器，承接上下文，B选项“在购买空气净化器之前，我们应该记住两个方面。”切题。故选B项。 【38题详解】 由上文“In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. (就身体伤害而言，我们的宠物存在被困在空气净化器电线中的风险。空气净化器设计用于有儿童的家庭，其内部机制也应安全，不受我们宠物的小尾巴及其身体其他部位的影响)”可知，空气净化器对宠物有危险，但用于儿童家庭的空气净化器是安全的，不会伤害宠物的小尾巴及其身体其他部位，所以最小的宠物也能免受进入空气净化器的伤害，承接上文，D选项“即使是最小的宠物也不能进入空气净化器的内部。”切题。故选D项。 【39题详解】 由上文“Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct. (空气净化器是否改善或损害动物的健康也是我们必须考虑的问题。空气净化器对宠物是安全的，但前提是它们不会产生任何臭氧副产品)”，下文“We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter. (我们总是出于安全考虑，选择了一款标准的空气净化器，该净化器采用经典的三级过滤系统，包括前置过滤器、高效空气过滤器和碳活性过滤器)”和最后一段“Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them. (选择错误的空气净化器类型会很快让我们的宠物变得更糟。另一方面，选择正确的空气净化器可以大大提高他们的生活质量)”可知，空气净化器是否改善或损害动物的健康与空气净化器的空气净化技术和类型相关，承接上下文，E选项“这在很大程度上取决于空气净化器的类型和使用的空气净化技术。”切题，This指代上文“The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct”。故选E项。 第三部分：词汇基础（共四节，20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据所给首字母、词性和英文释义在句中填写单词，并将单词的完整形式填写在相应位置上。 40. For the past three years he has been e________ as a firefighter. (v. to give sb. a job to do for payment)(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】employed##mployed 【解析】 【详解】句意：过去三年来，他一直受雇担任消防员。根据首字母提示和英语释义“v. to give sb. a job to do for payment”可知，付报酬给某人让其做工作，应为动词employ，意为“雇用”。主语he和employ之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，空前有has been，空处用过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动语态。 41. Unlike traditional art films, c________ movies are mainly made for profit. (adj. involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods) (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】commercial##ommercial 【解析】 【详解】句意：与传统艺术电影不同，商业电影主要是为了盈利而制作的。根据单词首字母以及提示，可知应填形容词commercial，作定语修饰名词movies。 42. When new books arrive, the l________ work together to sort them and place them on the correct shelves. (n. a person who is in charge of or works in a library) (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】librarians##ibrarians 【解析】 【详解】句意：当新书到货时，图书管理员们一起工作，将它们分类并放置到正确的书架上。根据括号内对该词的解释a person who is in charge of or works in a library（负责图书馆工作或在图书馆工作的人）以及首字母l可知，这里应填librarians（图书管理员），句中谓语work是原形，所以用复数形式在句中作主语。 43. The company’s financial team a________ a sharp rise in demand earlier this year, so they had prepared enough products in advance. (v. to realize in advance that sth. may happen and to be prepared for it.) (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】anticipated##nticipated 【解析】 【详解】句意：该公司的财务团队在今年早些时候就预见到需求会大幅上升，所以他们提前准备了足够的产品。根据括号内对该词的解释to realize in advance that sth. may happen and to be prepared for it（提前意识到某事可能发生并为之做好准备）以及首字母a可知，应填anticipate(预见)。由had prepared可知，“预见”这个动作发生在过去的过去，所以用一般过去时。 44. After complaining of chest pain for several days, she finally decided to consult a p________. (n. a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery) (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】physician##hysician 【解析】 【详解】句意：在抱怨胸痛了几天后，她最终决定去咨询医生。根据首字母p及complaining of chest pain可知，因胸痛应去咨询physician（医生），在句中作consult的宾语。 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 从所给方框中选择合适的词组，并用其适当形式填空（有两个多余的选项）。 be involved in apart from consist of go through end up apply to compared to 45. The skills you learned in this course can ____________ many real-life situations outside the classroom. 46. Several well-known companies ____________ the research project since its launch in 2018. 47. The traveler missed his flight and ____________ staying at the airport for the whole night. 48. The committee often ____________ twelve members, including the chairman and two secretaries. 49. The country ____________ too many wars and natural disasters in the past century. 【答案】45. be applied to 46. have been involved in 47. ended up 48. consists of 49. has gone through 【解析】 【45题详解】 考查动词短语和语态。句意：你在这门课程中学到的技能可以应用于课堂外的许多现实生活情境。根据句意及空前“can”和空后“many real-life situations”可知，空处应表达“应用、适用于”，apply to意为“适用于，应用于”，符合语境。此处表示“（技能）被应用”，需用被动语态，情态动词后接be动词原形及过去分词。 【46题详解】 考查动词短语、时态和语态。句意：自2018年启动以来，几家知名公司一直参与着这个研究项目。根据句意及“since its launch in 2018”可知，动作从过去持续至今，需用现在完成时，且空处应表达“参与、涉及”，be involved in意为“参与，卷入”，符合语境。主语是复数，助动词have后接been involved in。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：这位旅行者错过了航班，最终在机场待了一整夜。根据句意及“missed his flight”和“staying at the airport for the whole night”可知，空处应表达“最终”，end up doing意为“最终……”，符合语境。and连接并列谓语，时态与missed一致，用一般过去时。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：该委员会通常由十二名成员组成，包括主席和两名秘书。根据句意及“twelve members”可知，空处应表达“由……组成”，consist of意为“由……组成”，符合语境。主语committee是集体名词，表示整体，谓语用单数，且描述通常情况，用一般现在时。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：该国在上个世纪经历了太多的战争和自然灾害。根据句意及“in the past century”可知，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，需用现在完成时，且空处应表达“经历、经受”，go through意为“经历，遭受”，符合语境。主语是单数，助动词has后接gone through。 第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 从所给选项中选择符合句子划线词语义和用法的中文释义。 50. He argues that climate change is mainly due to the actions of industrialized countries. A. adj. 到期的 B. adj. 由于、因为 C. adj. 应付的 D. adj. 预计的 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：他认为气候变化主要是工业化国家的行为造成的。本句中due和介词to构成固定短语due to，用来引出原因，含义为“由于、因为”，因此划线词due为形容词，意为“由于、因为”。 51. She has already engaged a lawyer. A. v. 吸引住 B. v. 尽力理解 C. v. 参加 D. v. 雇佣 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：她已经雇佣了一名律师。根据“a lawyer”以及句意可知，题干中划线动词engage的宾语是“a lawyer (一名律师)”，engage在此处作及物动词，意为“雇佣，聘用”。 52. We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait. A. v. 计算 B. v. 认为 C. v. 描绘 D. v. 象征 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们认为明智的做法是等待。根据“was to wait”以及句意可知，划线词figure在句中意为“认为”，引导省略了that的宾语从句。 53. There are reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed. A. n. 场地 B. n. 战场 C. n. 范围、领域 D. n. 理由、根据 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：有合理的理由相信已经发生了一起犯罪。根据to believe that a crime has been committed可知，题干中reasonable grounds意为“合理的理由/根据”，为固定搭配。 54. We should fit the punishment to the crime. A. v. 安装 B. v. 可容纳 C. v. 符合，使……合适 D. v. 合身 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们应该使惩罚与罪行相适应。fit sth. to sth.是固定搭配，意为“使某物与某物相适应/符合”，fit在此处表示“使……合适”。 第四节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据句义，选出合适的单词或词组完成句子。 55. If you wait for the end of the season, you can get a better ________ for new clothes. A. fake B. insight C. bargain D. emphasis 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你等到季末，你可以买到更划算的新衣服。A. fake假货，赝品；B. insight洞察力，领悟；C. bargain便宜货，划算的交易；D. emphasis强调，重点。 get a better bargain为固定搭配，意为“买到更划算的东西/以更优惠的价格买到”。本句语境是等到季末（换季清仓），可以用更低的价格买到更划算的新衣服，即“更划算的交易”。 56. During the 19th century, many Europeans ___________ to America in search of a new life. A. divorced B. disrupted C. migrated D. retrieved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在19世纪，许多欧洲人为了寻找新生活而移居到美国。A. divorced离婚；B. disrupted扰乱；C. migrated移居；D. retrieved找回。根据to America in search of a new life可知，此处表示欧洲人为了寻找新生活而移居到美国，migrate to...意为“移居到……”，符合语境。 57. The school board decided to ___________ its existing employment policy. A. expel B. modify C. accumulate D. defeat 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：校董事会决定修改现行的聘用制度。A. expel驱逐，开除；B. modify修改，调整；C. accumulate积累，积聚；D. defeat击败，战胜。根据“policy”可知，此处指修改制度。 58. It was ___________ from her tone of voice and serious facial expression that she was upset about the outcome. A. apparent B. content C. commonplace D. fatal 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：从她的语气和严肃的面部表情可以明显看出，她对结果感到心烦意乱。A. apparent明显的，显而易见的；B. content满意的，满足的；C. commonplace平常的，平凡的；D. fatal致命的，毁灭性的。本句表示从她的语气和严肃的表情中可以明显看出她不满的情绪，形容词apparent符合。 59. Security cameras captured the ___________ breaking into the computer. A. hackers B. products C. observation D. anticipation 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：监控摄像头拍到了黑客入侵电脑。A. hackers黑客；B. products产品；C. observation观察；D. anticipation预期。根据breaking into the computer可知，此处指黑客入侵电脑。 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第60、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 60. What is empathy? 61. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 62. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 63. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 【答案】60. Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 61. Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior. 62. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 63. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。 【60题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 【61题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。 【62题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 【63题详解】 开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel. 第二节（20分） 64. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，暑期将在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．个人优势； 3．能做的事情。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua, a senior high school student from China. Knowing that your art gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition, I am writing to apply to be a volunteer. I think I am qualified for this job, because I have a good knowledge of Chinese paintings. In addition, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which contributes to introducing Chinese paintings. Besides, I am outgoing and willing to help others. If lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese paintings. I would appreciate it if you could consider my application. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给美术馆写一封信申请做志愿者，表明写信目的，陈述个人优势，列举能做的事情。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 举办：hold→arrange 胜任：be qualified for→be competent for 有助于：contribute to→be beneficial to 考虑：consider→take… into account 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Besides, I am outgoing and willing to help others. 拓展句：Additionally, possessing an outgoing personality, I demonstrate a strong willingness to extend assistance to those in need. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In addition, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which contributes to introducing Chinese paintings. (使用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】If lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese paintings. (使用了If条件状语从句的省略) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $