暑假预习导学案-知识点+语法+重点短语2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

Unit 1 Know yourself 【Welcome to the unit】P7. 1. Suzy is very organized. She keeps all her things in good order. 解析： (1) organized _____ 有条理的 反义词 _____organized organize _____ 组织 organiz_______ ______ 组织 ① ______ organized person 有条理的人 ② be well organized 非常有条理 ③ keep one's life organized 让生活井井有条 Eg. ______ organized traveller always plans his time and route carefully. 一个有条理的行者总是认真规划时间和路线。 (2) order _____ 条理；顺序 ①______ order 按顺序 ② in order of time 按时间顺序 ③ put things in order 整理物品 keep ... in (good) order ____________ ① keep the classroom in good order 保持教室整洁 ② keep your computer desktop in order 保持电脑桌面整洁 ③ keep everything in order 保持一切井然有序 拓展：n. 顺序，次序，指令 v. 命令，要求，订货，点菜 order sb. to do sth. 要求某人去做某事 give sb. an order to do sth. 要求某人去做某事 2. He explains the grammar rules to us carefully. 解析：explain _____ 解释 构词法explain_____ n. ① explain sth. ______ sb. 向某人解释某事 ② explain the problem 解释问题 ③ explain clearly 清楚地解释 Eg. First, I’ll ___________________________ the game. 首先，我说一下游戏规则。 3. He often comes up with new ideas. 解析：come up with 想出，找到（答案） ① come up with a good idea 想出好主意 ② come up with a ___________ 找到解决办法 ③ come up with a plan 制定计划 Eg. Can you come up ________________________________? 你能想出个更好的借口吗? 4. I'm careless sometimes，... 解析：careless _______ 粗心的 careless____ adv. ① a careless mistake 粗心的错误 ② be careless ___________ 对……粗心 ③ too careless 太粗心 Eg. ____________________ will make you lose lots of marks in the exams. 粗心会让你在考试中丢很多分。 (care) will be a disaster to a driver, so be careful when driving. 5. Neither my parents nor I think I will make a good accountant. 解析： (1) neither adv. det. pron. 也不 ① neither of us 我们俩都不 ② neither do I 我也不 ③ neither answer 两个答案都不 nor conj. adv. 也不 ① nor will he 他也不会 ② nor do I 我也不 neither ... nor ... ________________ 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。 ① neither hot nor cold 不冷不热 ② neither you nor I 既不是你也不是我 ③ neither sing nor dance 既不会唱歌也不会跳舞 Eg. Neither the headmaster nor the teachers take a vacation next week. A. were going to B. is going to C. was going to D. are going to (2) accountant _____ 会计 make ___ accountant ________一名会计 ① work as ______ accountant 当会计 ② a professional accountant 专业会计 Eg. Her mother works _________ __________ accountant in a big company. 她妈妈在一家大公司当会计。 6. I would be good at creative jobs, I suppose. 解析：suppose _______ 认为，推断；假设 ① I suppose so. 我想是这样 ② be supposed ______ ________ sth. 应该做某事 ③ suppose that 认为…… I suppose常作插入语，意思是________ Eg. Prices will go up, _________________. 我觉得物价会上涨。 7. I’m a social person. 解析：social _______ 好社交的；社交的 society ______ 社会 ① social ___________ 社交技能 ② social life 社交生活 ③ social problems 社会问题 Eg. Team sports help to ______________ a child’s ______________________. 集体体育运动有助于培养孩子的交际能力。 8. I think my future job involves chatting with lots of people. 解析：involve _______ 包含，需要；牵涉 ① involve ____________ sth. 需要做某事 ② be involved _______ 参与…… ③ involve sb. in sth. 使某人参与某事 Eg. The job _____________ me ____________ all over the country. 这份工作需要我在全国旅行。 [重点短语] 1. 保持整齐 ________________________________________________ 2. 想出新想法 ________________________________________________ 3. 对...感到好奇 ________________________________________________ 4. 不容易生气 ________________________________________________ 5. 既不...也不... ________________________________________________ 6. 成为一名会计 ________________________________________________ 7. 擅长有创造性的工作 ________________________________________________ 8. 我推断... ________________________________________________ 9. 一个善交际的人 ________________________________________________ 10. 未来工作包括和许多人交谈 ________________________________________________ 【reading】P. 8 1. Wu Wei’s creative work impresses not only but also the whole town. 解析： (1) not only ... but also ... _________ 该句型与either...or...与neither...nor...一样遵循______原则， 当其连接两个主语时，谓语动词应该与_____________________后的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Eg. They speak English not only in class but also at home. Not only the students but also our teacher _______ lunch at school. Not only our teacher but also the students _______ lunch at school. (2) impress _____ 使留下深刻的好印象 impress_____ n. first ______________ 第一印象 impress_____ adj. 有印象的 ① impress sb. _________ sth./ sb. 用....给某人留下印象 ② leave a good impression _________ sb. 给某人留下好印象 ③ be impressed _________ 对……印象深刻 Eg. The Grand Canyon never fails to ________________. 大峡谷永远让人叹为观止。 Cecilia’s words ________________________________ on my memory. 塞西莉亚的话语我铭记在心里。 2. I’ve always enjoyed using my imagination to make great art. 解析：imagination _____ 想象力 imagin___ v. ① have a _________ imagination 想象力丰富 ② use one's imagination 发挥想象力 ③ __________ imagination 超乎想象 Eg. Nobody hates you---- it’s all _____________________________________. 没有人讨厌你—都是你在胡思乱想。 3. Su Ning, sales manager 解析: manager _____ 经理 manage _____ 管理 manage_______ _____ 管理 ① a shop manager 商店经理 ② general manager 总经理 ③ manage a team 管理团队 Eg. Her mother is the manager of a big supermarket. 她妈妈是一家大超市的经理。 4. Su Ning quit her job as an accountant fives years ago and started working in sales for a big company. 解析：quit _____ 离开，离任 现在分词qui____ing 过去式qui___ed ① quit _________ sth. 停止做某事 ② quit school 辍学 Eg. If I _______ get more money I _________________. 不给我加薪就辞职。 We decided it was time to ________ the city. 当时我们决定，该离开城市生活了。 5. This one suits me better. 解析：suit _______ 适合 n. 套装 suit_____ ______ 适合的 ① suit sb. _______ 很适合某人 ② suit the occasion 适合场合 ③ suit one's ________ 合某人的口味 Eg. It you want to go by bus, that ________________________. 要是你想坐公交车走，那对我也很合适。 6. Liu Hao, together with his team, has just completed the high-speed railway project connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. P.9 解析： (1) railway _______ 铁路；铁路系统 ① railway station 火车站 ② railway line 铁路线 Eg. High-speed railways __________________ our __________________________. 高铁改变了我们的出行方式。 (2) together with __________ (3) connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin作后置定语，修饰railway. connecting动词的现在分词（短语）作定语时，表示______的含义， 通常指动作的________进行之中。 7. One of his team members mentioned. 解析：mention ______ 提到，说到，写到 mention sth. to sb. ① mention sth. _______ sb. 向某人提到某事 ② Don't mention it. 不客气。 ③ mention ____________ sth. 提到做某事 Eg. Nobody ____________________________ about it. 没人跟我提过这事儿。 “ Thanks for all help!” “_________________________.” “多谢你的帮忙！” “不客气。” 8. He always works to high standards. 解析：standard ______ 标准 ______ 标准的 ① a high standard 高标准 ② ___________ the standard 达到标准 ③ standard of ______________ 生活水平 Eg. ________________ aren’t ______________________________________. 现在的标准和过去不一样。 The English teacher sets high (标准) for his students. 9. Working at a hospital can be tough. 解析：tough _____ 艰难的 ① a tough job 艰难的工作 ② a tough time 艰难时期 ③ a tough decision 艰难的决定 Eg. It was _______________________________________. 那是一个很难作的决定。 10. Doctors must be very careful at all times and often work long hours. 解析：at all times ________________ ① keep _________ at all times 时刻保持冷静 ② _______ ready at all times 随时准备着 ③ remember at all times 时刻记住 Eg. We should _________ our classroom ___________ at all times. 我们应该时刻保持教室干净。 11. When I grow up, I will work to make train travels faster and more enjoyable for passengers. P. 11 解析： (1) passenger _____ 乘客 ① a bus passenger 公交车乘客 ② train passengers 火车乘客 ③ a passenger on the plane 飞机上的乘客 Eg. All passengers must _________ seat belts on the plane. 所有乘客在飞机上必须系安全带。 (2) make + ______/________ 使得... (3) enjoyable _____ enjoy v. 12. Exactly. 解析：exactly _____ （答语）完全正确；准确地 exact _____ ① exactly right 完全正确 ② not exactly 不完全是 ③ know exactly 清楚地知道 Eg. I _______________________ how she __________. 我完全清楚她的感受。 13. I think they need some improvement. 解析：improvement _____ 改进，改善 improve _____ ① make great ________________ 取得很大进步 ② improvement _______ English 英语方面的进步 ③ need improvement 需要改进 Eg. There _____ still ____________________________________ in your work. 你的工作还有改进的余地。 [重点短语] 1. 对他们的工作满意 ________________________________________________ 2. 什么使得人们对工作满意？ ________________________________________________ 3. 不仅...而且... ________________________________________________ 4. 赢得艺术界很高赞誉 ________________________________________________ 5. 用想象力去创造伟大的艺术（作品） _________________________________________ 6. 在一家大公司的销售部工作 ________________________________________________ 7. 绝大部分时间和数字打交道 ________________________________________________ 8. 连接阳光镇和天津的高铁项目 ________________________________________________ 9. 严肃对待工作 ________________________________________________ 10. 注意每一个细节 ________________________________________________ 11. 失之毫厘谬以千里 ________________________________________________ 12. 任何一个错误都可能失去生命 ________________________________________________ 13. 以高标准工作 ________________________________________________ 14. 容易共事 ________________________________________________ 15. 救助病人挽救生命 ________________________________________________ 16. 使得列车运行更快 ________________________________________________ 17. 需要一些改进 ________________________________________________ 18. 你的品质加上努力工作 ________________________________________________ 【Grammar】 P. 12 1. If so, you could be either a painter or a fashion designer. 解析：either ... or ... 要么...要么...,不是...就是... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。 ① either you or he 要么你要么他 ② either sing or dance 要么唱歌要么跳舞 ③ either today or tomorrow 要么今天要么明天 Eg：Either you or she ________ a doctor. 要么你要么她是一位医生。 2. Before you decide on a job, it is best to think about your personality as well as your goals. 解析： (1) decide on 决定，选定 decide v. ______________ n. ① decide on a plan 选定计划 ② decide ______ a date 确定日期 ③ decide on the place 确定地点 Eg. ___________________________________________ the two candidates. 很难在这两个候选人之间决定取舍。 (2) personality _____ 性格，个性 ① a strong personality 坚强的性格 ② personal quality 个人品质 Eg. The children all have very different _____________________. 孩子们的性格各不相同。 (3) as well as __________ Eg. Cecilia is a ____________ musician ______________ being a photographer. 塞西莉亚不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。 3. Either Simon or David is ready to take on new challenges. 解析： (1) take on 承担（责任），决定做 ① take ______ responsibility 承担责任 ② take on a ________________ 接受挑战 ③ take on a new job 接受新工作 Eg. I can’t _____________________________ work. 我不能承担任何额外的工作。 (2) challenge _____ 挑战 v. 对...怀疑（或质疑）；挑战 ① ___________ a challenge 面对挑战 ② ___________ a challenge 接受挑战 ③ ___________ a challenge 迎接挑战 Eg. Schools must ________________________________ AI.学校必须迎接AI的挑战。 He doesn’t like _____________________________ his authority. 他不喜欢任何人挑战他的权威。 4. I think _____ Alice ______ John will be the winner of the art competition. P. 13 解析：winner _____ 获胜者 ① the winner of the competition 比赛的获胜者 ② a born winner 天生的赢家 ③ a competition winner 比赛冠军 Eg. The ____________ of the speech contest _________ a Grade 9 student. 演讲比赛的获胜者是一名九年级学生。 5. All my family members _____ my brother are outgoing. 解析：outgoing _____ 外向的，友好的 ① _______ outgoing personality 外向的性格 ② ______ outgoing and friendly 外向友好 ③ _________ outgoing than 比……更外向 Eg. My deskmate is ________ outgoing girl _______ ________ many friends. 我同桌是个外向的女孩，有很多朋友。 6. My brother is the opposite -- he is quite shy! 解析：opposite _____ 对立的人（或事物） adj. 对面的；相反的 ① the opposite of ……的对立面 ② just the opposite 恰恰相反 ③ _______ the opposite side 在对面 Eg. What is _____________________ of heavy? 重的反义词是什么？ We live _______ the opposite _________ of the road. 我们住在马路对面。 7. These qualities, together with her kindness, ... 解析：kindness _____ 善良 ① ________ kindness ______ others 对他人友善 ② thanks for your kindness 感谢你的好意 ③ acts of kindness 善举 Eg. Cecilia’s kindness ___________ all the people present. 塞西莉亚的善良感动了所有在场的人。 8. As a matter of fact, ... 事实上 解析：matter _____ 关乎...的事情；问题 v. __________________ ① a matter of … …的问题 ② no matter 无论 ③ it doesn't matter 没关系 Eg. It was ___________________ some concern to most of those ______________. 这是当时在场的多数人关心的问题。 9. I won’t let her down. 解析：let sb. down 使失望 ① let ________ down 让我失望 ② _________ let sb. down 从不辜负某人 ③ let the team down 让团队失望 Eg. I’m afraid he let ________ down _________. 很遗憾，他让我们大失所望。 10. fashion designers probably work hard 解析：probably _____ 很可能，大概 ① probably will 很可能会 ② ________ probably 最有可能 ③ probably _______ 可能不会 Eg. It’ll probably _____ OK. 这大概没有问题。 11. She gives me lots of encouragement. 解析：encouragement _____ 鼓励 encourage _____ ① give sb. encouragement 给某人鼓励 ② words of encouragement 鼓励的话 ③ thanks for your encouragement 感谢你的鼓励 Eg. She was giving every encouragement ________________________________. 她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新的事物。 [重点短语] 1.要么...要么...,不是...就是... ________________________________________________ 2.选定一份工作 ________________________________________________ 3.你的个性和你的目标 ________________________________________________ 4.准备好承担新的挑战 ________________________________________________ 5.适合成为 一名艺术家 ________________________________________________ 6.事实上 ________________________________________________ 7.让某人失望 ________________________________________________ 8.给某人很多鼓励 ________________________________________________ 9.这将不会容易 ________________________________________________ 10.做任何事情使得我的梦想成真 ________________________________________________ 【Grammar】 一、并列连词 1：both...and..., not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor... 辨析： 并列连词 含义 用法 both…and… 两个都...既又... 连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，否定结构是neither nor not only… but also… 不仅…而且… 连接名词、代词作主语时， 谓语动词须与but also 后面的主语一致。 either….or…. 或者…或者… 不是…..就是…. 连接名词、代词作主语时， 谓语动词须与or 后面的主语保持一致。 neither…nor…. 既不….也不…. 连接名词 注意“四个结构都可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。 Eg：Both she and I _____ going to do the cleaning. 我和她两个人都要做清洁工作。 Eg：Not only Mr Li but also his son _____________ the Party. 不仅李先生还有他儿子也入党了。 Eg：Either you nor I ________ wrong. 不是你错了，就是我错了。 Eg：He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不吸烟。 2:except 解析：介词，意为“除了...以外”，后跟名词或代词作宾语， 强调从整体中除去部分，即except后的部分不包括在整体之内， 常和all, everything, no one, nothing等一起连用。 Eg. The window is not ___________________________ summer. 这扇窗户只有在夏天才开。 _____________________________________ Tom. 大家都在这儿，除了Tom. 3:as well as 解析：as well as 意为“除...之外，也，还”，常用来连接两个并列的成分。 as well as强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及， 因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数和前一项保持一致。 Eg. Your wife as well as you ___ friendly to me.不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。 [辨析] as well as and as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词需与前面的主语保持一致 and 两者同等重要，连接主语时谓语由两者共同决定(复数) > Tom as well as his brother ______ tall. 汤姆和他弟弟都高。(强调汤姆) > Tom and his brother are tall. 汤姆和他弟弟都高。 [注意] as well是副词短语，意为“也，还有”，常用作状语，多放在句末。 [例] This training program can give you a rise at work, _____ increase your pay by 40%, so you'd better put all your effort into it. A. as well as B. as good as C. as soon as D. as possible as 二、that引导的宾语从句 宾语从句是指一个句子充当[ ]，在主句与从句之间有一个[ ]。 that 引导的宾语从句 A．引导词本身的省略与不省略 可以省略：只起连接主、从句的作用，本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 B．that 引导的宾语从句：表示陈述一件事，即由陈述句转化而来。 1． 主句的谓语动词是 think，hear，hope，wish，remember，forget，know，say，guess等时， 常接 that 引导的宾语从句。如： I hope(that) he will be fine soon. 我希望他很快好起来。 2． 主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构，常接 that 引导的宾语从句。 这类形容词多表示感情，如 happy，glad，pleased，sad，sure，afraid等等。如：I'm afraid (that) he can't come．恐怕他不能来了。 C．that 引导的宾语从句相关的内容 1．语序 不论什么情况下，宾语从句都要用_______语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”。如： Eg. Do you think (that) the radio is too noisy? 你认为收音机太吵吗？ 2．时态:that 引导的宾语从句 如果主句用一般______时， 从句可以用符合句意要求的______时态。如： He says (that) they have returned already.他说他们已经回来了。 如果主句用一般______时，从句要用______时态的某种形式。 如： He said (that) he bought a new dictionary.他说他买了本新词典。 如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般_______时。如： He said that time is life． [典型例题] 1.---I would like you to talk about the Great Wall. ---I am sorry, but Amy I went there last summer. A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also D. both; and 2.--- Americans the British share a lot of social customs. ---So they can understand each other well. A. Either; or B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Both; or 3. Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor C. Both；and D. Either；or 4. My father and my mother are _____________ teachers. They teach in the same school. 5. ___________he ___________she can join us. We want both of them. 6. The trousers are __________ too short_________ too long. Neither of them is the right size. 7. She is ____________Chinese ___________ Japanese. She comes from Korea. 8. Everyone helps parents with the housework because my parents _____________ work. 9. Either your mother or your father _____________(be) a worker. 10. Either they or he ____________(be) a student. 11. Neither you nor Tom ______________(have) this book. 12. Both your parents and your sister ______________(be) at home. 【Integration】 P.15 1． Your personality is a special mix of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. 解析：behaviour _____ 表现方式；行为 ____可数 behave _____ ① good behaviour 良好的行为 ② bad behaviour 不良行为 ③ behave ________________ 举止得体 Eg. We should pay attention ________ our _______________ ______ public. 我们在公共场合应该注意自己的言行。 2． Some parts of your personality are passed on to you by your parents. 解析：pass on to sb. 传给某人 ① pass the book ______ ______ me 把书传给我 ② pass on knowledge 传授知识 ③ pass on the message 传递消息 Eg. Pass the book ______ ______ me when you __________________ with it. 你看完那本书后请传给我。 3． Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。 解析：son _____ 儿子 ① my son 我的儿子 ② a son of _________ 我的一个儿子 Eg. Her son is a middle school student now. 她的儿子现在是一名中学生。 4． Sometimes, these qualities do not change easily and may remain the same for you whole life. 解析：remain _____ 保持不变，仍然是 ① remain silent 保持沉默 ② remain _____________ 依然坐着 ③ remain in place 留在原地 Eg. Train fees are likely to r____________ ________________. 火车票价很可能会保持不变。 Very _______________ the house ________________ after the earthquake. 地震之后，这所房子所剩无几。 5． For example, you may become confident if you successfully complete difficult tasks through hard work. 解析：confident _____ 自信的 confiden___ _____ 自信 ① be confident ______/ ______________ sth. 对(做)某事有信心 ② be confident _______ ______________ 自信 ③ have confiden____ in 对……有信心 Eg. Angie was in a r___________, c_____________ mood. Angie的心态从容而自信。 6． In other words, a mix of nature and the environment most likely shapes your personality. 解析：likely _____ 可能 _____ 可能的 ① be likely ______ _______ sth. 可能做某事 ② it is likely that 很可能…… ③ most likely 最有可能 Eg. She seems _______________________ candidate for the job. 这项工作，她似乎好像是最适宜的人选了。 7． Focus on much on the negative side 解析：negative ______ 消极的；有害的；否定的 反义词_____________ ① a negative attitude 消极的态度 ② negative effects 负面影响 ③ negative ___________ 消极的想法 Eg. They _______________ a negative ____________. 他们得到一个否定的答复。 The crisis had a ___________________________ trade. 这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。 8． Last night, I listened to a great lecture, all about the connection between personality and job success. P. 16 解析： (1) lecture _____ 演讲，讲座 ① __________ a lecture 做演讲 ② ___________ a lecture 听讲座 ③ a lecture on science 科学讲座 Eg. Angie wants to _____________ a series of lectures ____ Cecilia. Angie想要听关于Cecilia的一系列讲座。 (2) connection _____ 关联；联结 ① connection between A and B A和B之间的联系 ② have a connection _________ 和……有联系 ③ close connection 密切联系 Eg. Scientist have established a connection ___________ cholesterol ______ heart disease. 科学家已证实胆固醇含量与心脏病之间有关联。 9． According to the speaker, successful people share many qualities. 解析：speaker _____ 发言者；讲（某种语言）的人 ① a good speaker 优秀的演讲者 ② guest speaker 特邀嘉宾 ③ English speaker 说英语的人 Eg. Cecilia is a great s_________ who gave an amazing l__________ at TED. 10． Judy pointed out that because of this quality. 解析：point _______ 指向，指引 ① point ______ 指向（远处） ② point _______ 指着（近处） point out _________ ① point out the mistake 指出错误 ② point out the problem 指出问题 ③ point out clearly 清楚地指出 Eg. He ________________ the dangers of ______________________. 他指出单独驾车的危险性。 11． Your hard work paid off P.17 解析：pay off ______________ ① hard work pays off 努力终有回报 ② pay off ___________ 最终成功 ③ all our _____________ ____________ off 我们所有的努力都有了回报 Eg. After years of ________ _________, her dream finally ________ ________. 经过多年的努力，她的梦想终于实现了。 12． So now, no matter what challenges I meet, I won’t give up until find a way to succeed. 解析：succeed _____ 成功 ① succeed in ___________ sth. 成功做某事 ② succeed in life 人生成功 ③ succeed finally 最终成功 Eg. GiGi _______________________________ the exam _____________ hard work. 琪琪通过努力成功通过了考试。 13． I am writing to recommend David for president of the students’ Union. P.18 解析：president _____ 主席；院长；董事长 ① president of the company 公司董事长 ② school president 校长 ③ president of China 中国国家主席 Eg. The president of our club is very kind to us. 我们俱乐部的主席对我们很好。 14． David has all of the qualities for the position. 解析：position _____ 职位；位置 ① a good position 好职位 ② in a position _______ _______ sth. 能够做某事 ③ position in the company 公司里的职位 Eg. Wealth and _______________ are not important to her. 财富与地位对她并不重要。 15． These abilities allow him to cooperate well with our classmates and teachers. 解析：cooperate _____ 合作 cooperat_______ _____ 合作 ① cooperate _________ sb. 和某人合作 ② cooperate ______/______ sth. 在某事上合作 ③ cooperate ____________ 通力合作 Eg. They ________________________________ the planning of the project. 他们曾密切合作，共同规划这一项目。 16． David is also confident and never afraid to voice his ideas. 解析：voice _____ 表达 ① voice one's ___________ 表达观点 ② voice one's __________ 表达担忧 ③ voice support 表示支持 Eg. ____ number of parents ________________ concern about their children’s __________. 一些家长对他们子女的安全表示了关心。 17． I hope that you consider him for this position. 解析：consider _____ 仔细考虑 ① consider ____________ sth. 考虑做某事 ② consider sb. ______ 把某人看作 ③ consider carefully 仔细考虑 Eg. We are _______________________ a new car. 我们正在考虑买辆新车。 [重点短语] 1. 一个特殊的的混合 ______________________________________ 2. 性格如何形成的 ______________________________________ 3. 被天生和环境两者影响 ______________________________________ 4. 传给某人 ______________________________________ 5. 在你生命中保留相同部分 ______________________________________ 6. 形成你的性格 ______________________________________ 7. 过多关注消极方面 ______________________________________ 8. 和某人谈论这个话题 ______________________________________ 9. 性格和生活相关联 ______________________________________ 10. 指出 ______________________________________ 11. 成功，奏效 ______________________________________ 12. 找到成功的方式 ______________________________________ 13. 推荐某人做（职位） ______________________________________ 14. 和某人很好合作 ______________________________________ 15. 从不害怕表达某人的想法 ______________________________________ Unit 2 Teenage problems 【Welcome to the unit】P. 21 1. Common teenage problems 解析：teenage ______ 青少年的，十几岁的 teenag___ ______ 青少年 ① teenage problems 青少年问题 ② teenage __________ 青少年压力 ③ teenage life 青少年生活 Eg. You are all teenag___ children. 你们都是十几岁的孩子。 拓展：teens 名词，“十几岁”，可代替teenager，表示“十几岁的青少年”， 常构成短语in one’s teens “在某人十几岁的时候” 2. It drives me mad. 解析： (1) drive _____ 迫使；驾驶 过去式_________ 过去分词__________ ① drive sb. mad 使某人发疯 ② drive sb. _______ _______ sth. 迫使某人做某事 ③ drive a car 开车 Eg. In the early morning, the big noise in the market near my home drives me mad. (2) mad _____ 气愤；疯的 比较级ma____er 最高级ma____est ① be mad _____ sb. 生某人的气 ② _________ sb. mad 使某人发疯 ③ be mad/__________ __________ sth. 对……狂热 Eg. I’m really mad _____ you. You’re always late. 我真是被你气疯了，你总是迟到。 The boy ________ _________ about football. 这个男孩_______足球。 3. You’ve been in low spirits all day. 解析：be in low ________ 情绪低落 ① be in _________ spirits 情绪高涨（反义） ② cheer sb. up 使某人振作 Eg. He ____________________ low spirits since he ____________ the math exam. 数学考试不及格后，他一直情绪低落。 4. I feel so tired lately. 解析：lately ______ 最近 ① 现在完成时标志词 ② = ______________ 最近 ③ have ____________ sb. lately 最近见过某人 Eg. Have you ___________ ___________ ____________ lately? 你最近读过什么有趣的书吗？ 5. If you don’t want to cut back on reading, you should try to manage your time better. 解析：cut back on sth. ______________ ① cut back on _____________ time 减少屏幕时间 ② cut back ______ junk food 少吃垃圾食品 ③ cut back on ____________ 削减开支 Eg.We should _______ ________ _______ ___________ mobile phone games. 我们应该少玩手机游戏。 [重点短语] 1. 普遍的青少年问题 ____________________________________ 2. 使某人发疯 ____________________________________ 3. 感到疲劳/孤单/难过 ____________________________________ 4. 情绪低落 ____________________________________ 5. 熬夜到很晚 ____________________________________ 6. 导致很大的健康问题 ____________________________________ 7. 更重要的是获得充足睡眠 ____________________________________ 8. 那就是...的原因 ____________________________________ 9. 减少，削减，缩减 ____________________________________ 10. 更好地管理你的时间 ____________________________________ 【Reading】 P. 22 1. I feel like my parents make all the decisions in my life and I do not have any chance to be myself. 解析：decision ______ 决定 ① make a decision 做决定 ② make a decision ________ __________ sth. 决定做某事 ③ change one's decision 改变决定 Eg. It's _________ _________ me to make a decision __________ your future. 我很难对你的未来做出决定。 2. Every time I try talking to them about this, they either lose patience or just stick to their own opinion. 解析： (1) patience ______ 耐心 patien__ ______ 有耐心的 patien____ ______ 有耐心地 ① have patien___ with sb. 对某人有耐心 ② ________ patience 失去耐心 ③ _____ patient _________ sb. 对某人有耐心 Eg. I ________________________________________________ him. 我对他已经失去耐心了。 (2) stick ______ 粘，贴；刺 过去式/过去分词___________ ① stick sth. ______ 把某物贴在……上 ② stick _________ sb. 支持某人 stick to ______ ① stick to one's dream 坚持梦想 ② stick to _____________ 坚持做某事 ③ stick to the plan 执行计划 Eg. She ______________ what she said. 她坚持她所说的。 3. I am under a lot of stress at school! P. 23 解析：stress ______ 精神压力，心理负担 ______ （使）焦虑不安，疲惫不堪 ① under __________ 在压力下 ② reduce stress 减压 be under stress ___________________ ① under great stress 承受巨大压力 ② help sb. under stress 帮助有压力的人 ③ ___________ under stress 在压力下工作 Eg. _________ is a factor in the development of long-term ______________. 心理压力是常常是形成长期病的一个因素。 4. Sometimes I waste time on my mobile phone when I still have some schoolwork to do. 解析： (1) waster ______ 浪费；滥用 n. 浪费 ____可数 ① waste time ___________ sth. 浪费时间做某事 ② It's a waste of time 浪费时间 ③ waste money _______ sth. 在……上浪费钱 Eg. You’re _____________ your time ______________ to _____________ it to him. 你跟他解释是在浪费时间。 (2) mobile phone 手机 ① use mobile phones 使用手机 ② mobile phone addiction 手机成瘾 ③ turn on / off the mobile phone 开/关机 Eg. We should ___________ our mobile phone time every day. 我们应该每天限制玩手机的时间。 5. I always regret it after, but I just do not know how to control myself. 解析：regret ______ 懊悔，感到遗憾 过去式/分词 regre___ed ① regret _____________ sth. 后悔做过某事 ② regret _______ _________ sth. 遗憾要做某事 Eg. If you _______________ it now, you ________ only ___________ it. 你如果现在不做，以后一定会后悔的。 6. Worries about low marks and exams can cause ______ for many students. P. 25 解析：exam ______ 考试 ① ______________ exam 期中考试 ② final exam 期末考试 ③ prepare _________ the exam 备考 Eg. He __________________________________ the coming final exam. 他正忙着准备即将到来的期末考试。 7. Secondly, make sure that you are focused when studying. 解析：focused ______ 注意力集中的，目标明确的 focus ______ 集中，关注 ① be focus____ on 专注于 ② _________ focus____ 保持专注 ③ focus ______ 集中于 Eg. Each _____________ ____________ _____ a different grammar points. 每个练习各有不同的语法重点。 [重点短语] 1. 做我生命中的所有决定 ____________________________________ 2. 没有任何机会做我自己 ____________________________________ 3. 要么失去耐心要么坚持他们自己的观点 ____________________________________ 4. 在很大的压力下，承受很大压力 ____________________________________ 5. 熬夜到很晚做某事 ____________________________________ 6. 在手机上浪费时间 ____________________________________ 7. 知道如何控制自己 ____________________________________ 8. 如何处理压力 ____________________________________ 9. 担忧低分和考试 ____________________________________ 10. 改善这个情况 ____________________________________ 【Grammar】P. 26 1. Amy often argues with her best friend about silly little things. 解析： (1) argue ______ 争论，争吵，争辩 argu_______ ① argue ________ sb. 和某人争吵 ② argue ________/_________ sth. 为某事争吵 ③ have ____ argu_________ with sb. 和某人吵架 Eg. He ___________that they needed more time to finish this project. 他争辩他们需要更多时间来完成这个项目。 (2) silly ______ 傻的，愚蠢的 ① silly mistakes 低级错误 ② a silly idea 愚蠢的想法 ③ It's silly _______ ________ sth. 做某事很傻 Eg. It's _______ _______ give up your dream __________. 轻易放弃梦想是很傻的。 2. She wonders if this is normal, so she talks to her mum about it. 解析：normal ______ 正常的，典型的 ① It's normal _______ _______ sth. 做某事是正常的 ② ________ _______ normal 恢复正常 ③ normal life 正常生活 Eg. _________________________________ after such a long trip. 这样的长途旅行之后感到疲惫很正常。 3. I wonder ______ it would improve my grades or it would stress me out even more. 解析：stress out ____________________ ① be stressed out 压力很大 ② don't stress sb. out 别给某人施压 Eg. Too many exams ____________ most students ________. 太多考试让大多数学生压力很大。 4. In the bottom of my heart, I just want to succeed and feel proud of myself. 解析：bottom ______ 底部；底 ① _____ the bottom of 在……底部 ② from top to bottom 从上到下 Eg. I waited for them _____ the bottom of the hill. 我在山脚下等他们。 5. They are not sure how they can have an honest dialogue with their parents, and they do not know who they can ask for advice. P.27 解析：dialogue ______ 对话 ① have a dialogue __________ sb. 和某人对话 ② __________ _________ a dialogue 编对话 Eg. We need __________ ___________ dialogue _________ our parents. 我们需要和父母进行更坦诚的对话。 6. I don’t know _____ I can communicate with them. 解析：communicate ______ 沟通；交流 communicat______ n. ① communicate ________ sb. 和某人交流 ② communicate _________ 更好地沟通 Eg. We only communicate ______ e-mail. 我们只通过电子邮件沟通。 7. Do I need to buy an English dictionary? P. 28 解析：dictionary ______ 词典，辞书 ① ________ _______ sth. in a dictionary 查词典 ② ______ English-Chinese dictionary 英汉词典 Eg. You can look _________ up in the dictionary. 你可以在词典里查它。 8. Have you heard of Mr. Friend? 解析：hear of ______ ① hear _____ sb./sth. 听说某人/某事 ② never hear of 从未听说 ③ hear _______ sb. 收到某人来信（易混） Eg. I have never __________ of such a ____________ thing. 我从没听说过这么奇怪的事。 9. He's a youth worker. 解析：youth ______ 青年；年轻 ① ________ one's youth 珍惜青春 ② youth problems 青少年问题 ③ the youth of _________ 当代青年 Eg. We should value our __________ and study hard. 我们应该珍惜青春，努力学习。 [重点短语] 1. 与某人争论关于某事 ____________________________________ 2. 使极度焦虑，使压力大 ____________________________________ 3. 在某人心底 ____________________________________ 4. 与某人进行一次坦诚的对话 ____________________________________ 5. 与某人交流 ____________________________________ 6. 表达自己有困难 ____________________________________ 7. 与某人相处得好 ____________________________________ 8. 关于友谊这个话题的有用文章 ____________________________________ 9. 听说 ____________________________________ 10. 一名青年工作者 ____________________________________ 【Grammar】 一、if和 whether 引导的宾语从句 1．何时使用 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时，意为 “是否”， 常放在动词ask，see，say，know 和 find out 等后面。 一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用 if。如： Nobody knows whether(if)it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。 2．if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。 (1)if或 whether 不能和 that 或其他连词（副词）同时使用，也不能省去。如： I don't know if(whether) he will come here today. 我不知道他今天是否会来。 (2)if或 whether 引导的宾语从句，虽有疑问意义，从句语序应用陈述句语序。 (3) if或 whether 引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。  即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态; 主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。如： I don't know if(whether) he has come here. 我不知道他是否来过这儿。 3．if 和 whether 的区别： (1)在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。如： I can't decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。 (2)在 whether… or not 的固定搭配中。如： I want to know whether it's good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。 (3)在介词后，只能用 whether。如： His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 (4) 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。如： Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.  他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。 (5) 用 if 会引起歧义时，只用 whether。如： Could you tell me if you know the answer? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”  或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”如用 whether 可避免歧义。 二、疑问词引导的宾语从句  A．语序： 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序， 即“主句+连词+宾语从句 (主语+谓语+……)”句式。 根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： (1) 连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。 常见的连接词有：who，what，which 等：如： The small children don't know what is in their stockings. 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ (2) 连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。 常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 (3) 连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、 状语或表语。 常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much，when She hasn't decided when she'll go on a trip to Beijing. 她还没决定什么时候去北京旅行。 (4) 连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。 常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how 等。如： She asked me what colour my pen was.她问我的钢笔是什么颜色。 注意：在选择宾语从句时，首先应该注意从句的句式是否正确。 A. 时态： 宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。 I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow. Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态 （一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情况： 1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 注意事项: 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? eg: I don’t know what’s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? 【随堂测试】 选择连接词将下列句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said ____________ these flowers ____________ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me __________ light ____________ faster than sound. 3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know __________ there _________ ____________ a meeting in five days. 4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know __________ ___________ ___________ _______ French. 5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ___________ the children ___________ ___________ games. 6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao __________ _______ _________ _______ _________ homework yet. 7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows ________ ________ _________ ________ _________ ______ in the picture? 8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know __________ ___________ __________ her car? 9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered __________ __________ often ________ about. 10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know ___________ ____________ at the door so loudly. 11) Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ___________ he still ____________ in that street. 12) What's his name? I asked him. I asked him __________ ___________ _________ _________. 13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys ___________ they ___________ fried chicken. 15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. I don't know ____________ the watch ____________ made in Shanghai. 【Integration】 P. 29 1. Teenage years are a stage of changes and growth. 解析：stage ______ 阶段，时期；舞台 ① ______ this stage of life 在人生这个阶段 ② ______ _______ early stage 在早期 ③ ______ the stage 在舞台上 Eg. The teenagers are _____ different ___________ of development. 这些青少年处于不同的成长阶段。 2. It is common for them to grow taller and for their bodies to experience rapid changes in shape. 解析： (1) experience ______ 经历；体验 n. 经历（可数）；经验（___可数） ① experience difficulties 经历困难 ② life experience 人生经历 ③ work experience 工作______ work experiences 工作______ Eg. Everyone _____________ these _______________ at some time in their lives. 每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。 (2) rapid ______ 快速的 ① rapid _________ 快速成长 ② rapid change 快速变化 ③ rapid development 快速发展 Eg. The patient made a rapid _______________. 病人很快恢复了健康。 3. Many teenagers suffer from skin problems, which make them feel ugly. 解析：ugly ______ 丑陋的 比较级_________ 最高级_____________ ① ugly _______________ 丑陋的行为 ② look ugly 看起来难看 ③ _____ ugly _________ 残酷的真相 Eg. We shouldn't judge others by their looks. 我们不应该以貌取人。 4. And changes in mood are very common. 解析：mood ______ 情绪，心情 ① in a good mood 心情好 ② in a bad mood 心情不好 ③ change one's mood 改变心情 Eg. She ____________________________ today. 她今天心情很好。 5. After all, you do not want to risk losing the friendship. 解析：risk ______ 冒...的危险；冒险做 n. 风险 ① take a risk 冒险 ② at risk 处于危险中 risk sth. / __________ sth. 冒...的危险 ① risk one's ________ 冒生命危险 ② risk __________ sth. 冒着失去某物的风险 Eg. It was a difficult _______________ but we ______________________it. 这件事决心难下，但是我们决定冒险一试。 6. It is important for teenagers to understand that they are not alone and that almost everyone goes through these problems. 解析：go through _____________ ① go through _________________ 经历重重困难 ② go through hard _________ 经历艰难时期 ③ go through a lot 经历很多 Eg. You will become _____________ after you go through _______________. 经历困难(的事情)后你会变得更强大。 7. If you are feeling bad during your teenage years, first try to talking to your friends or an adult who can give you advice. 解析：adult ______ 成年人 ① adult world 成人世界 ② talk with adults 和成年人交流 ③ become ______ adult 成年 Eg. __________ should try to understand ______________ problems __________. 成年人应该更好地理解青少年的烦恼。 8. say mean things to Nora 解析：mean ______ 刻薄的；吝啬的 ① _____ mean ______ sb. 对某人刻薄 ② mean to do sth. 打算做某事 ③ be mean ________ money 花钱吝啬 Eg. Don’t ______ so mean ______ your little brother! 别对你弟弟那么刻薄！ He has always _______mean ________ money. 他在花钱方面总是非常吝啬。 9. Putting on weight, for example, can make you feel like a stranger in your own body and even make you feel ugly. 解析：stranger ______ 陌生人；外地人 strange ______ 陌生的；外地的 ① don’t talk to strangers 不要和陌生人说话 ② a strange man 一个陌生人 ③ be strange ______ sb. 对某人来说陌生 Eg. They got on well together _______________ they were total ________________. 尽管以前素未谋面，但他们相处融洽。 10. If you’re uncomfortable about doing these things, you shouldn’t do them. 解析：uncomfortable ______ 不自在的；使人不舒服的 ① _________ uncomfortable 感到不舒服 ② ______ uncomfortable situation 尴尬的局面 ③ ________ sb. uncomfortable 使某人不舒服 Eg. He _____________ uncomfortable when the subject was mentioned. 提到这个话题，他局促不安起来。 11. I’m so nervous about my midterm exams. P. 31 解析：midterm ______ 期中的 ① midterm exam 期中考试 ② midterm test 期中测试 ③ midterm grades 期中成绩 Eg. We will _________ our midterm exam next month. 我们下个月要期中考试。 12. Just thinking about it makes my throat feel tight. 解析：tight ______ 紧的 ① tight clothes 紧身衣服 ② a tight schedule 紧凑的日程 ③ hold tight 抓紧 Eg. We have a very tight ___________. 我们的预算很紧。 13. Being overweight 解析：overweight ______ 超重的 ① _____ overweight 超重 ② lose weight 减重 Eg. Don't worry ________ ________ about _________ overweight. 不要太担心超重的问题。 14. School bullying 解析：bully ______ 恐吓，伤害，胁迫 ______ 恃强凌弱之人，恶霸 ① bully sb. _______ ____________ sth. 胁迫某人做某事 ② stop bully______ 停止霸凌 Eg. _______________________ a problem in many schools. 很多学校出现了学生霸凌问题。 15. Stand up for yourself 解析：stand up for sb./ sth. ______________ ① stand up for _____________ 维护自己 ② stand up for _______ ___________ 保护弱者 Eg. She __________________ to _______________ herself. 她已学会了自我保护。 16. Avoid screens before bedtime 解析： (1) screen ______ 屏幕 ① screen time 屏幕时间 ② phone screen 手机屏幕 ③ computer screen 电脑屏幕 Eg. Move your cursor to the top of the screen. 把光标移至屏幕顶端。 (2) bedtime ______ 就寝时间 ① before bedtime 睡前 ② bedtime ____________ 睡前故事 ③ early bedtime 早睡 Eg. You should drink a glass of milk ___________ ____________. 你睡前应该喝一杯牛奶。 17. Bullying is a terrible problem, and it causes a lot of pain. 解析：pain ______ 痛苦；疼痛 ① physical pain 身体疼痛 ② mental pain 精神痛苦 ③ ______ _____________ pain 经历痛苦 Eg. You get more __________ and ____________ as you get older. 年纪越大，病痛越多。 I never ____________ to cause her __________. 我从没有让她痛苦之意。 18. It is very important not to let a bully get you down. 解析：get sb. down ____________ ① don't let bad grades get you down 别让坏成绩打倒你 ② get down _______ sth. 开始认真做某事（易混） ③ let sb. down ____________ （易混） Eg. Don't let one failure get you down. 不要因为一次失败就沮丧。 19. I understand being bullied may bring about feelings of shame and fear. 解析：shame ______ 羞耻；让人遗憾的事 ① It's a shame that... 真遗憾…… ② feel _____________ of 对……感到羞愧 ③ What a shame! 真可惜！ Eg. His face ____________________ shame. 他的脸因为羞愧而发烫。 What a __________ they couldn’t come. 他们不能来，真是遗憾。 [重点短语] 1. 一个改变和成长的阶段 ____________________________________ 2. 处理各种压力和问题 ____________________________________ 3. 身体变化和友谊烦恼 ____________________________________ 4. 经历快速的形体变化 ____________________________________ 5. 冒...的风险 ____________________________________ 6. 经历，遭受 ____________________________________ 7. 对做某事感到不舒服 ____________________________________ 8. 考虑花费更多时间在...上 ____________________________________ 9. 尝试一些呼吸练习 ____________________________________ 10. 支持，维护 ____________________________________ 11. 校园霸凌 ____________________________________ 12. 引起很多痛苦 ____________________________________ 13. 使悲伤（沮丧、忧郁等） ____________________________________ 14. 羞耻和害怕的感觉 ____________________________________ 15. 向某人寻求支持 ____________________________________ Unit 3 Never give up 【Welcome to the unit】 P. 35 1. A seed inside of me. 解析：seed _____ 种子；起因 ① plant seeds 播种 ② the seed of ……的萌芽 Eg. Sow the _________ outdoor in spring. 春天把种子播在地里。 This ________________________ doubt in my mind. 这件事在我的心中播下了怀疑的种子。 2. I want to be a great dancer, but I know it won’t be easy. 解析：dancer _____ 舞蹈演员，跳舞者 ① a ballet dancer 芭蕾舞者 ② a street dancer 街舞舞者 Eg. Fiona is ____________________________. 菲奥娜是一名天生的舞者。 [重点短语] 1. 坚持你的梦想 ____________________________________ 2. 内心的种子 ____________________________________ 3. 花费很多努力 ____________________________________ 4. 需要和某人共事的经验 ____________________________________ 5. 需要培养某人的耐心和交流技巧 ____________________________________ 6. 需要多年的艰苦练习 ____________________________________ 7. 另外 ____________________________________ 8. 梦想不容易实现 ____________________________________ 9. 关键是 ____________________________________ 10. 绝不放弃 ____________________________________ 【Reading】P. 36 1. Stephen Hawking, recognized as one of the greatest scientists of his time, was known for his contributions to science as well as how he overcame great suffering in his life. 解析： (1) recognize _____ 赞赏，公认；认识，辨别出 ① recognize sb. at once 立刻认出某人 ② be recognized _____ 被公认为 ③ recognize the importance of 认识到……的重要性 Eg. This book is now __________________ as a ______________. 这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。 (2) contribution _____ 贡献 contribute _____ ① make a contribution to /____________ 为……做贡献 ② make great contribution___ 做出巨大贡献 ③ contribute ______ 导致；有助于 Eg. She ________ a very ___________________ the overall ________ of the project. 她对项目的全面成功作出了非常积极的贡献。 (3) overcome _____ 克服，解决 ① overcome ________________ 克服困难 ② overcome __________ 克服恐惧 ③ overcome challenges 战胜挑战 Eg. She _________ the injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 The two parties __________________________ their ___________ on the issue. 两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。 (4) suffering _____ 痛苦，苦难 ① suffer from 遭受（疾病/痛苦） ② great suffering 巨大的苦难 Eg. This war ______________________ widespread ___________________. 这场战争给许许多多的人带来了苦难。 2. His story made him a household name and an inspiration to all. 解析： (1) household _____ 家庭，一户 ① household chores 家务 ② a large household 一个大家庭 household name _____ 家喻户晓的人物 ① become ____ household name 成为名人 ② a household name _______________ 世界闻名的人 Eg. The singer GiGi ________________ a household name after the show. 歌手GiGi在节目后变得家喻户晓。 Yuan Longping is a household name in China. 袁隆平在中国是家喻户晓的人物。 (2) inspiration _____ 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；灵感 inspire _____ ① get inspiration _____________ 从……获得灵感 ② _____ inspiration ________ sb. 对某人的鼓舞 ③ inspire sb. ______ _______ sth. 激励某人做某事 Eg. Angie’s charity work is _____ inspiration ____ us all. Angie的慈善工作激励着我们大家。 Dreams can be a _________ source of inspiration _______ an artist. 梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。 3. He went to the University of Oxford at 17 and then to the University of Cambridge to further his studies. 解析：further _____ 促进，增进 ① further one's dream 推进梦想 ② further the development 促进发展 Eg. She took the new job _____________________ her career. 她接受了这项新工作以进一步发展她的事业。 4. Sadly, he was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday. 解析： (1) diagnose _____ 诊断 ① diagnose a disease 诊断疾病 ② be diagnosed as diabetic 诊断为糖尿病 be diagnosed with 被诊断出患有...（疾病） ① be diagnosed with cancer 被诊断出癌症 ② be diagnosed with a serious illness 被诊断出重病 Eg. The test ________________________________ a variety of diseases. 此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。 (2) shortly _____ 不久 ① shortly after 不久之后 ② shortly before 前不久 Eg. Shortly after she __________, it began to rain. 她走后不久就开始下雨了。 5. This disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. 解析： (1) rob _____ 掠夺 现在分词ro____ing 过去式/分词ro____ed rob sb. of sth. 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物） ① rob sb. of money 抢某人的钱 ② rob sb. of hope 剥夺某人的希望 ③ rob sb. of ____________ 剥夺某人的快乐 Eg. A last-time goal __________ the team of victory. 最后一分钟的进球夺去了这支球队胜利的机会。 (2) muscle _____ 肌肉 ① strong muscles 强壮的肌肉 ② muscle _________ 肌肉疼痛 Eg. ________________ exercise can help us _________ ________ our muscles. 运动能帮助我们锻炼肌肉。 6. As his illness got worse, Hawking started using a walking stick to get around and later needed a wheelchair, yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life. 解析： (1) yet _____ 然而，但是 ① not yet 还没 ② yet 然而（表转折） Eg. He has a good job, and ______ he never seems to have any money. 他有份好工作，然而却好像总也没有钱。 (2) surprisingly _____ 使人惊奇地 ① surprisingly good 出奇地好 ② Surprisingly, ... 出人意料地是 Eg. Angie looks surprisingly __________. Angie身体看起来出奇地好。 (3) attitude _____ 态度 ① attitude _____/_____________ sb./sth. 对……的态度 ② a positive attitude 积极的态度 ③ a bad attitude 消极的态度 Eg. Youth is simply ___________________________. 年轻仅仅是心态问题。 7. Despite his poor health, Hawking’s influence on modern science is great. P. 37 解析：despite _____ 尽管，即使 ① despite the difficulties 尽管有困难 ② despite his illness 尽管他生病了 ③ despite the fact that 尽管……（接从句） Eg. Her voice was shaking ___________ all her _______________________ it. 尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，声音仍然在颤抖。 8. Much of his work focused on understanding our universe better and explaining the beginning of space and time. 解析：universe _____ 宇宙 ① the universe 宇宙 ② in the universe 在宇宙中 Eg. He lives in a ___________ universe of _________ _________. 他生活在自己的小天地里。 9. He was also known for his continued efforts in trying to explain very difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience. 解析： (1) continued _____ 连续不断的 ① continued support 持续的支持 ② continued efforts 持续的努力 Eg. We are grateful for your _____________________________________________. 我们对你们始终不渝的支持不胜感激。 (2) scientific _____ 科学的 ① scientific research 科学研究 ② scientific ____________ 科学方法 Eg. We need to ___________________________________________ the problem. 在这个问题上我们需要更严谨一些。 (3) audience _____ 读者，观众，听众 集合名词+____/____谓语 ① a large audience 大量观众 ② the whole audience 全场观众 Eg. The target ______________ for this advertisement is mainly ______________. 这个广告的对象是十几岁的青少年观众。 10. His highly popular book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into more than 30 languages and sold over 25 million copies since it was first published in 1988. 解析：highly _____ 很，非常 ① think highly of 高度评价 ② speak highly of 称赞 Eg. All the teachers think highly of his _________ ___________. 所有老师都高度评价他的努力。 11. Today, whenever Hawking’s name is mentioned, people remember not only his scientific achievements, but his courage to fight against his difficulties. 解析： (1) whenever _____ 无论何时 ① whenever you need help 无论何时你需要帮助 ② whenever possible 只要有可能 Eg. We try to help __________________________. 只要有可能，无论何时我们都尽量帮忙。 (2) achievement _____ 成就 achieve _____ ① make great achievement___ 取得巨大成就 ② academic achievement___ 学业成就 ③ achieve one's dream 实现梦想 Eg. They are ______________ their children’s _______________________. 他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。 12. Hawking never let his illness stand in his way. 解析：stand in sb.’s way _____________ ① stand in the way of _______________ 阻碍成功 ② never stand in sb's way 不要妨碍别人 Eg. If you believe you can make her happy, I __________ stand in ________ way. 如果你相信你能使她幸福，我不会妨碍你的。 13. “However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at,” he once said. 解析：however ______ 不管多么 ① however difficult 无论多么困难 ② However, ... 然而（逗号隔开） Eg. However _________ it is, I will never give up. 无论多么困难，我都永不放弃。 14. The painter and the musician P. 39 解析：musician _____ 音乐家 ① a famous musician 著名音乐家 ② a ______________ musician 古典音乐家 Eg. Beethoven is ________ ________ the great_____ musician__ in the world. 贝多芬是世界上最伟大的音乐家之一。 15. After his death, people finally understood Van Gogh’s _____ to the art world. 解析：death _____ 死亡 die _____ dead ______ ① the death of ……的死亡 ② die ______ 死于（内因） ③ die __________ 死于（外因） Eg. He’s drinking himself __________________. 他这样喝酒非醉死不可。 [重点短语] 1. 被认为是 ____________________________________ 2. 对科学的贡献 ____________________________________ 3. 克服巨大的苦难 ____________________________________ 4. 家喻户晓的人物 ____________________________________ 5. 进一步学习 ____________________________________ 6. 被诊断出患有...（疾病） ____________________________________ 7. 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物） ____________________________________ 8. 有令人惊叹的积极态度面对生活 ____________________________________ 9. 在当代科学的影响 ____________________________________ 10. 聚焦更好地理解宇宙 ____________________________________ 11. 空间的起源 ____________________________________ 12. 在某方面持续的努力 ____________________________________ 13. 向更广泛的读者解释很难的科学观点 ____________________________________ 14. 对抗困难的勇气 ____________________________________ 15. 妨碍某人，组织某人 ____________________________________ 16. 鼓励某人不要放弃 ____________________________________ 17. 经历严重的健康问题 ____________________________________ 18. 面临生命中巨大的苦难 ____________________________________ 19. 听力方面有问题 ____________________________________ 20. 关注我们的目标 ____________________________________ 【Grammar】P. 40 1. One day, while I was training, I hurt my shoulder. 解析：shoulder _____ 肩膀 v. ___________ ① on one's shoulders 在某人肩上 ② shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 Eg. We should shoulder the responsibility of ____________ the environment. 我们应该承担起保护环境的责任。 2. After I recovered, I trained for four years and finally made it to the Olympics! 解析：make it (to) _________ ① make it to the top 成功登顶 ② make it in ________ 人生成功 ③ make it to the meeting 准时参加会议 Eg. He is never really _______________________ actor. 他从来就不是一个成功的演员。 3. My coach was proud of me. 解析：coach _____ 教练 v. __________ ① a football coach 足球教练 ② coach sb. _______ ________ sth. 指导某人做某事 Eg. Our coach always ________________ _______ _______ ________ our best. 我们的教练总是鼓励我们全力以赴。 4. He was pretty good! 解析：pretty _____ 相当 比较级 prett____ 最高级prett______ ① pretty good 相当好 ② pretty difficult 相当难 Eg. I’m ___________________ I __________ be going. 我相当肯定会去的。 5. He hurt his knees badly, and they never fully got better. 解析：knee _____ 膝，膝盖 ① hurt one's knee 伤到膝盖 ② fall on one's knees 跪下 ③ bring sb. to their knees （尤指战争中）打败某人，使某人屈膝投降 Eg. He ___________ down and __________ his knee during the race. 他在比赛中摔倒，伤到了膝盖。 6. Since I learnt about the amazing stories of Stephen Hawking, I have often thought of his example when I find something challenging. P. 41 解析：challenging _____ 有挑战性的 ① a challenging task 有挑战性的任务 ② face challenging __________________ 面对有挑战的问题 Eg. I think learning Germany _______ a challenging ________ interesting thing. 我认为学英语是一件有挑战但有趣的事。 [重点短语] 1. 恢复如初 ____________________________________ 2. 获得成功 ____________________________________ 3. 一些有挑战性的事情 ____________________________________ 4. ...（给人）留下印象 ____________________________________ 5. 得到一个做某事的机会 ____________________________________ 6. 模范，榜样 ____________________________________ 7. 给我们的生活带来重大意义 ____________________________________ 8. 帮助我们做伟大的事情 ____________________________________ 9. 做一切你能做的事情 ____________________________________ 10. 最后是值得的 ____________________________________ 【Grammar】P. 40状语从句(I) 状语从句由从属连词引导，按照意义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步九种状语从句。 1.概念 时间状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生的时间的状语从句。 时间状语从句在所有状语从句中用得最频繁,引导时间状语从句的引导词有： when, while , as, before , after, since等。 2.时态 主句用现在时，从句也用现在时;主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。 具体的说: (1)主句是一般现在时、祈使句或含有情态动词can, may, must等时， 从句也用一般现在时。 e.g. When it rains, I take a taxi.下雨的时候我乘出租汽车。 Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 I must finish this letter before I go home.我必须在回家之前写完这封信。 (2)主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般过去时。 e.g. My brother could swim when he was seven years old. 我弟弟七岁时就会游泳了。 (3)如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 e.g. We will go and play basketball after school is over. 在放学之后,我们将去打篮球。 3.位置 在大多数情况下,时间状语从句既可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 当从句在前时,主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。 e.g. Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back，please tell me. 他回来的时候请告诉我。 He gave me some advice after I told him about my problem. = After I told him about my problem, he gave me some advice. 在我告诉他我的问题后,他给了我一些建议。 4.引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1) before意为“...之前”,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。 e.g. Turn off the lights before you go to bed. (2) after意为“...之后”,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。 e.g. After you finish the letter, show it to me. (3) when意为“...时”,它所引导的时间状语既可指时间点，也可指时间段， 因此在when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词既可以是瞬时动词，也可以是延续性动词。 由when引导的时间状语从句,如果主句用过去进行时、从句用一般过去时, 则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了, 强调后一动作发生的突然性,此时when意为“正在那时”。 e.g. When the girl came in, her mother was watching TV. 当这个女孩进来时,她妈妈正在看电视。 (when所引导的时间状语指时间点, come是瞬时动词) When we were walking in the park, we met Mary. 当我们正在公园散步时,遇见了玛丽。 (when所引导的时间状语指时间段, walk是延续性动词) A boy was walking along the street when it began to rain. 一个男孩正沿着街边散步,突然天开始下雨了。(强调雨下得很突然) While a boy was walking along the street, it began to rain. 当一个男孩正沿着街边散步的时候,天开始下起雨来。 (注意此句只表明下雨的事实,不强调突然性) (4) while意为“在......期间”时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中: 意为“......同时”时,强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的， 此时主从句都要用过去进行时。 while 所引导的时间状语只指时间段,因此，在while引导的时间状语从句中, 谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 e.g. While he was reading, his mother came in. 他正在读书时，他妈妈进来了。 (主句动作came in发生在从句动作reading进行的过程中) While Mary was writing a letter ,the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时,孩子们正在外面玩耍。 ( write与play都是延续性动词,并且是同时发生的) (5) since意为“自...以来,自.....以后”,引导时间状语从句时, 表示某事于过去某一时间开始，并且现在仍在继续, 一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。 since也常用于句型"It is/has been +时间段since+从句"， 表示“自.....以来已经有....时间了”, 在该句型中,since引导的时间状语从句通常用一般过去时。 e.g. I've been collecting them since I was five years old. 自从我五岁以来,我就一直在收集它们。 It is three years since I left university. 我大学毕业已经三年了。 It has been two years since I worked here. 我来这里工作已经两年了。 注意: since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬时动词。 (6) until与till意为“直到...为止”,引导时间状语从句时, 一般情况下两者可以互换使用。 until/till用于肯定句时,主句的动作必须是延续性动词, 表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止; 用于否定句时,主句的动作一般是瞬时动词表示动作或状态直到until所表示的时间才发生，即构成not…until...结构,表示“直到...才...” e.g. I lived with my parents until/till I graduated from college. 直到我大学毕业, 我都和我的父母住在一起。 The bus won't start until everybody gets on. 直到每个人都上车,公共汽车才会开动。 注意: until可以放在句首或句中，而till不能放在句首，且till主要用于口语中。 e.g. Until she spoke I hadn't realized she wasn't English. 直到她开口说话我才知道她不是英国人。 (7)as soon as意为“一...就...” , 常用来引导时间状语从句, 表示从句的动作一发生主句的运作就马上发生。 从句位于主句前后均可,若主句时态为一般将来时， 则从句要用一般现在时表将来。 e.g. He stared as soon as he received the news. 他一接到消息就出发了。 As soon as he returns, please ask him to give me a call. 他一回来就请他给我回个电话。 (8) whenever意为“每当;每次”时,此时whenever可以every time替换。 e.g. Whenever/Every time I call on him , he is out.每次我去访问他，他都不在。 【随堂练习】 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. He breathed deeply before __________________ (speak) again. 2. While he ___________________ (cook), he ___________________ (listen) to music. 3. As soon as he ________________ (come), I _______________ (let) you know. 4. Since Jim ____________ (come) here, he __________________ (teach) English in that school. 5. They _____________________ (not know) until I told them. 6. When the boy _____________ (come) in, we ____________________ (sing) an English song. 7. When the teacher came into the classroom, all the students ___________ (read) English loudly. 8. When she was a girl, she never gave up __________________ (practice) playing the piano. 9. You have to be 18 years old before you ___________________ (allow) to drive a car. 10.After trying many times, he _____________________ (success) in completing this task. 二、单项选择 ( )1. I won’t believe that the little boy can read five thousand words _____ I test him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until ( )2. ---Angie had so many phone calls today. ---Yes. ___ one call was over, another call came in. A. Until B. If C. Since D. As soon as ( )3. Cecilia was sleeping _______ Angie was reading a magazine. A. until B. while C. before D. after ( )4. ---Will you please tell her about the news? ---Sure, I’ll tell her about it as soon as she _______ back. A. come B. will come C. came D. comes ( )5. I _______ housework when my aunt came. A. am doing B. did C. was doing D. have done ( )6. There _______ great changes in Kunming since 2009. A. have had B. have C. have been D. has been ( )7. Our English teacher is very nice. We _______ friends since three years ago. A. were B. became C. have been D. have made ( )8. ---Have you read the book Jane Eyre?---Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth _____. A. to read B. being read C. to be read D. reading ( )9. The old woman lives in the small village ______. But she doesn’t feel ______. A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; alone D. lonely; lonely ( )10. ---Could you tell me ________ you’ll go to Paris? --Next month. A. why B. where C. when D. how 【Integration】 P. 43 1. They are about friendship, fair play and never giving up. 解析：fair _____ 公正的，公平的 ① be fair to sb. 对某人公平 ② fair competition 公平竞争 fair play _____ 公平竞赛 ① value fair play 重视公平竞赛 ② the ________________ of fair play 公平比赛的重要性 Eg. It’s not ______ on the students to keep ________________ the timetable. 不断改动时间，这样对待学生不恰当。 2. Kieran Behan, an Irish gymnast, had the dream of competing in the Olympics from a young age. 解析： (1) Irish ______ 爱尔兰（人）的，爱尔兰语的 ① Irish music 爱尔兰音乐 ② Irish culture 爱尔兰文化 Eg. I like listening to Irish folk music very much. 我非常喜欢听爱尔兰民间音乐。 (2) gymnast _____ 体操运动员 ① _____ excellent gymnast 优秀的体操运动员 ② _____ Olympic gymnast 奥运体操运动员 Eg. The young gymnast ________ a gold medal in the Olympics. 这位年轻的体操运动员在奥运会上获得了金牌。 (3) compete ______ 参加比赛；竞争 compet________ n. 比赛 ① compete __________/____________ sb. ________ sth. 和某人竞争... ② compete ________ 参加……比赛 Eg. Kitties and puppies usually ___________________ their masters’ attention. 猫猫狗狗通常会在主人面前争宠。 3. He got injured when he was 12, and doctors said the same thing. 解析：injure ______ 伤害，使受伤 ① get injured 受伤 ② injure one's arm 伤到胳膊 ③ serious injury 重伤 Eg. He __________ his _________ playing basketball. 他打篮球时伤了膝盖。 4. They celebrate not only amazing performances, but also people’s will to keep going even when the way forward seems impossible. 解析： (1) performance ______ 表现；表演 ① give a wonderful performance 带来精彩表演 ② _____ excellent performance 出色的表现 ③ school performances 学业表现 Eg. Cecilia Yip _______ one of the greatest ________________________ her career. 塞西莉亚贡献了她演艺生涯中最精彩的表演之一。 (2) will ______ 意志，毅力；意愿 ① a strong will 坚强的意志② the will to succeed 成功的意志 Eg. Her ____________________________ great strength of _________. 她决心坚持下去，显示出了很大的意志力。 5. He is a(n) _____ runner. 解析：runner ______ 赛跑运动员，跑步者 ① a long-distance runner 长跑运动员 ② a fast runner 跑得快的人 Eg. He is __________________ runner in our school. 他是我们学校跑得最快的人。 6. During the semi-final race at the Olympics, he hurt his ______ badly. 解析：semi-final ______ 半决赛 ① enter the semi-final 进入半决赛 ② win the semi-final 赢得半决赛 Eg. Our team ________ the semi-final and ____________ the final. 我们队赢了半决赛，进入了决赛。 7. Whatever your goals are, it is so important to never give up! P. 44 解析：whatever ______ 无论什么，不管什么 ① whatever you do 无论你做什么 ② whatever __________ 无论发生什么 Eg. Whatever happens, I will always _________ ___________ you. 无论发生什么，我都会一直陪着你。 8. Anne kept a diary and recorded her experiences. P. 45 解析：diary ______ 日记 ① keep a diary = keep _____________ 写日记 ② a desk diary 台式记事簿 Eg. I keep a diary to ______________ my __________/________________ life. 我写日记记录我的日常生活。 9. It has become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit. 解析：victory _____ 胜利 ① win a victory 赢得胜利 ② a great victory 伟大的胜利 Eg. The whole country _________________ the victory of the game. 全国人民都在庆祝这场比赛的胜利。 10. Her story reminds me of Xian Xinghai, a musician who also lived through World War II. 解析：live through sth. 经历（灾难等）而幸存 ① live through the earthquake 经历地震幸存 ② live through hard __________ 经历艰难时期 Eg. He ______________________ two world wars. 他经历了两次世界大战。 11. It is impossible for him to perform everyday tasks, like walking or turning over in bed by himself. P. 46 解析：perform _____ 做，执行；表演 ① perform a _______/____________ 表演戏剧/音乐剧 ② perform ______ operation ______ 给...做手术 ③ perform well _____ 在……表现好 Eg. AI can ___________ many tasks at once. AI可以同时做很多任务。 I’m looking forward to seeing you _____________/ your ________________. 我期待着看你演出/你的表演。 12. He did not want to disappoint his family as well as himself, so he always tried his best . 解析：disappoint _____ 使...失望 disappoint_____ _____ ① disappoint sb. 使某人失望= ______ sb. _________ ② be disappointed ______ 对……失望 ③ to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 Eg. The movie __________________________ her. 这部电影使她失望。 [重点短语] 1. 奥利匹克精神/运动员 ____________________________________ 2. 友谊，公平竞赛和绝不放弃 ____________________________________ 3. 梦想参加奥林匹克运动会的比赛 ____________________________________ 4. 令人惊叹的表演 ____________________________________ 5. 人们前进的意志 ____________________________________ 6. 无论你的目标是什么 ____________________________________ 7. 写日记记录她的经历 ____________________________________ 8. 人类精神胜利的象征 ____________________________________ 9. 经历（灾难等）而幸存 ____________________________________ 10.使他的家人和自己失望 ____________________________________ Unit 4 Life is beautiful 【Welcome to the unit】 P. 49 1. A cactus can find ______ in tough conditions. 解析：cactus ______ 仙人掌 ① grow cacti 种仙人掌 ② cactus plant 仙人掌植株 Eg. The cactus can _________ in dry deserts for a long time. 仙人掌能在干旱的沙漠中存活很久。 2. Lotuses grow beautiful flowers even in ______. 解析：lotus ______ 莲属植物；莲花图案 ① lotus flower 莲花 ② lotus root 莲藕 Eg. The lotus is a _____________ of purity in Chinese culture. 莲花在中国文化中是纯洁的象征。 3. That reminds me to have confidence in my ability and always be my best self. 解析：self ______ 自我；本来面目 ① know oneself 了解自己 ② self-improvement 自我提升③ true self 真实的自我 Eg. We should _________ ________ ____________ our true self. 我们应该学会接受真实的自己。 [重点短语] 1. 从植物身上学到很多关于生活的经验 ____________________________________ 2. 甚至台风也不能摧毁它 ____________________________________ 3. 坚持直到困难时期过去 ____________________________________ 4. 鼓励我们有强大的精神 ____________________________________ 5. 一年四季常绿 ____________________________________ 6. 提醒某人做某事 ____________________________________ 7. 对自己的能力有信心 ____________________________________ 8. 永远做自己 ____________________________________ 【Reading】 P. 50 1. Be like a peanut 解析：peanut ______ 花生 ① peanut oil 花生油 ② a handful of peanuts 一把花生 Eg. My grandma grows peanuts in her small garden. 奶奶在她的小花园里种花生。 2. At the back of our house, there was a small piece of unused land. 解析：unused _______ 未用过的 ① unused books 闲置的书 ② unused ___________ 闲置空间 Eg. We can donate our ______________ clothes to the ___________. 我们可以把闲置的衣服捐给穷人。 3. “It’s a pity to let it go to waste like that,” Mother said. 解析：pity ______ 遗憾 ① It's a pity that... 真遗憾…… ② _______ pity ______ sb. 同情某人 Eg. _________________ that she didn’t tell me earlier. 真遗憾，她没有早点儿告诉我。 4. We began buying seeds, digging up the ground and watering the plants. 解析：dig ____ 挖，掘，凿 现在分词di____ing 过去式/分词_____ ① dig a hole 挖洞 ② dig out 发掘 dig up 掘地；挖掘出 ① dig up the soil 翻土 ② dig up ___________ coins 挖出古硬币 Eg. They ______________________________________ but still found nothing. 他们越挖越深却仍然一无所获。 5. In a couple of months, we had a harvest! 解析：a couple of 几个；一对 ① a couple of days 几天 ② a couple of friends 几个朋友 Eg. I will _______ _________ __________ a couple of ______________. 我几分钟后就回来。 6. She cooked the peanuts in a few different ways and told us to go to the garden for the celebration. 解析：celebration ______ 庆祝；庆典 celebrate v. ① _______ a celebration 举办庆祝活动 ② a birthday celebration 生日庆典 Eg. We _________ a big celebration for our school's 100th birthday. 我们为学校百年校庆举办了盛大的庆祝活动。 7. “They’re good for making oil,” my brother followed. 解析：oil ______ 食用油；石油 ① cooking oil 食用油 ② oil painting 油画 Eg. My mother _____________ a bottle of cooking oil yesterday. 妈妈昨天买了一瓶食用油。 8. Unlike, apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air and attract people with their beautiful colours, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth. P. 51 解析：unlike ______ 不像 ① unlike his father 不像他爸爸 ② unlike before 不像以前 Eg. _____________ her sister, she likes outdoor sports very much. 不像她姐姐，她非常喜欢户外运动。 9. Until you dig it out, you can’t tell by looking at its thin stem whether it bears fruit or not. 解析： (1) dig out 挖掘出；发掘 ① dig out the truth 查明真相 ② dig out old photos 翻出旧照片 Eg. We _________ _________ some old toys from the box. 我们从箱子里翻出了一些旧玩具。 (2) stem _____ 茎，梗，柄 ① a plant stem 植物的茎 ② the stem of a rose 玫瑰的茎 Eg. The stem of the flower is _________ __________ ________ _______ the bloom. 花茎很结实，能支撑住花朵。 (3) bear _____ 结（果实），开（花）；生（孩子） 过去式_______ ① bear fruit 结果实 ② bear pain 忍受疼痛 ③ bear a child 生孩子 Eg. The _________ was almost more than he could _________. 这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。 The kitties _______ ____________ on May 20th. 小猫出生于五月二十日。 The apple tree will __________ __________ next year. 这棵苹果树明年会结果。 10. It’s useful, though not very attractive. 解析：attractive ________ 吸引人的 attracti____ ________ 吸引 attract ______ 吸引 ① attractive scenery 迷人的风景 ② _______ attractive ________ sb. 对某人有吸引力 Eg. The small village is very attractive _______ __________. 这个小村庄对游客很有吸引力。 _____________ ____ ______________ were ___________ by the village. 成千上万的游客被这个小村庄吸引。 11. “Do you mean,” I asked, “compared with being useful, looking for attention and praise from others is not that important?” 解析：compare ______ 比较，对比 ① compare A _________/________ B 把A和B比较 ② compare A to B 把A比作B ③ compared with 与……相比 Eg. ____________________________ have ____________ enormously _____________ 40 years ago. 和四十年前相比，医疗水平得到了极大的改善。 12. And this is what I expect of you. 解析：expect ______ 期待 ① expect too much of sb. 对某人期望过高 ② expect nothing of sb. 对某人不抱期望 ③ expect sth. of sb. 期待某人做某事（或具备某种能力、品质） Eg. You can’t _____________________ a foreign language in a few months. 不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。 13. It feels like a hidden treasure, waiting to _____. 解析：hidden ______ 隐藏的，隐匿的 ① hidden meanings 隐含的意思 ② hidden beauty 隐藏的美 Eg. There is _____ hidden beauty in ___________ and __________ things. 简单的小事物中藏着别样的美。 14. She nodded because she thinks teaching is very important to society. 解析：society ______ 社会 ① modern society 现代社会 ② serve the society 服务社会 Eg. We should do ___________ _____________ for our society. 我们应该为社会做些有用的事。 [重点短语] 1. 一小块未使用的土地 ____________________________________ 2. 做...是遗憾的 ____________________________________ 3. 掘地；挖掘出 ____________________________________ 4. 挖掘出；发掘 ____________________________________ 5. 几个；一对 ____________________________________ 6. 今晚开趴体庆祝 ____________________________________ 7. 去花园庆祝 ____________________________________ 8. 几乎每个人都能买得起花生 ____________________________________ 9. 展示果实在空中 ____________________________________ 10. 隐藏果实在地里 ____________________________________ 11. 与...相比 ____________________________________ 12. 期待某人做某事 ____________________________________ 13. 隐藏的宝藏 ____________________________________ 14. 与某人对话 ____________________________________ 15. 符合我的性格 ____________________________________ 【Grammar】P. 54 1. She thinks helpfulness is an amazing quality. 解析：helpfulness ______ 乐于助人 ① show helpfulness 表现出乐于助人 ② thanks for your helpfulness 感谢你的帮助 Eg. Her helpfulness __________ her very ______________ in our class. 她乐于助人，在班里很受欢迎。 2. In my opinion, ______(live) well means _____(find) your purpose in life. 解析：purpose ______ 重要意义；目的，意图 ① the purpose ______ ……的目的 ② ______ the purpose of 为了……的目标 ③ ___________ one's purpose 实现目标 Eg. The purpose of the book is ______________ a complete guide to the _________. 这本书旨在全面介绍宇宙。 3. And if you don’t love your job, you might never be satisfied in life. 解析：satisfied _____ 满意的 satisf________ _____ ① be satisfied _____________ 对……满意 ② be satisfied _______ ________ sth. 满意做某事 ③ to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ______ 满意的 Eg. He _______ never _________________ with what _______________. 他对自己的所得从不感到满足。 4. My cousin’s wife enjoys ______(work) as a dentist. P. 56 解析： (1) wife ______ 妻子 ① his wife 他的妻子 ② a loving wife 贤惠的妻子 Eg. His wife is a doctor ________ ____________ in a big hospital. 他的妻子是一名医生，在一家大医院工作。 (2) dentist _____ 牙科医生 ① go to the dentist 去看牙医 ② see a dentist 看牙医 Eg. You should go to the dentist if you have a toothache. 如果你牙疼，应该去看牙医。 5. Amy felt _____(encourage) to live a useful life after reading a passage about peanuts.. 解析：passage ______ 章节；段落；乐段 ① read the passage 读这篇短文 ② the first passage 第一段 Eg. Please read the passage carefully and answer the questions. 请仔细阅读短文并回答问题。 6. She has a large stamp collection and she’s very good at chess.. 解析：stamp ______ 邮票 ① collect stamps 集邮 ② a stamp album 集邮册 Eg. My grandpa has collected stamps for over 50 years. 爷爷集邮已经50多年了。 [重点短语] 1.乐于助人是一个令人赞叹的品质 ____________________________________ 2.对别人展示友善 ____________________________________ 3.找到你的人生目标 ____________________________________ 4.记住它们 ____________________________________ 5.对...满意 ____________________________________ 6.而是试图理解它们 ____________________________________ 7.克服困难使人成长 ____________________________________ 8.有很多很棒的兴趣爱好 ____________________________________ 9.为某人腾出时间 ____________________________________ 10.直到如何过很棒的生活 ____________________________________ 【Grammar】 一.含义 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。 二.形式 非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。 其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下： 1.动名词：①基本形式：doing （表示主动）②被动式：being done（表示被动） Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。 2.现在分词：基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 3.过去分词：done 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染的河流 fallen leaves 落叶 三.作用 非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下： 1.动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。 Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。 I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。 I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。 His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。 2.现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。 He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal. （作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank. （作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。 3.过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。 polluted river（做定语） 被污染的河流 Given more time,I can do my work better. （做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。 I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。 四．核心区别：主动与被动，进行与完成 · -ing形式通常表示主动语态和进行时态、常翻译成“令人…的”； · -ed形式通常表示被动语态和完成时态，常翻译成 “感到…的”。 简单记忆口诀： · -ing：令人如何 （修饰物） · -ed：感到如何 （修饰人） 举例： · interesting 令人感兴趣的 → The movie is interesting. · interested 感到感兴趣的 → I am interested in the movie. 1.具体用法详解 (1). -ing形式（现在分词/动名词） A. 作形容词（表主动/进行） · 修饰事物：an exciting game · 主系表结构：The news is surprising. B. 构成进行时态 · be + doing：He is sleeping. · 完成进行时：I have been waiting for an hour. C. 作主语/宾语（动名词） · Swimming is good for health. · I enjoy reading. (2). -ed形式（过去分词） A. 作形容词（表被动/完成） · 修饰人：an excited crowd · 主系表结构：I feel tired. B. 构成完成时态 · have/has + done：She has finished her homework. C. 构成被动语态 · be + done：The cake was eaten by the dog. D. 作定语（表被动/完成） · boiled water （烧开的水） 2.常见易错形容词对比 · -ing （令人…）； -ed （感到…） · amazing （令人惊讶的）；amazed （感到惊讶的） · boring （无聊的）； bored （感到无聊的） · confusing （令人困惑的）；confused （感到困惑的） · disappointing （令人失望的）； disappointed （感到失望的） · exciting （令人兴奋的）；excited （感到兴奋的） · frightening （令人害怕的）；frightened （感到害怕的） · interesting （有趣的）；interested （感兴趣的） · relaxing （令人放松的）；relaxed （感到放松的） · surprising （令人吃惊的）；surprised （感到吃惊的） · worrying （令人担忧的）；worried （感到担忧的） 3.例句对比： ·The boring lecture made the students bored. ·It's a relaxing vacation. I feel relaxed. 4.特殊情况 (1). 感官动词：see/watch/hear等后接-ing表示动作正在进行， 接原形表示全过程或已结束。 (2). 非谓语动词：作状语时，-ing表主动伴随，-ed表被动或完成。 【随堂测试】 从括号中选择正确的形式填空。 1. The movie was so ______________ （tiring/tired）that I almost fell asleep. 2.She is _______________ （interesting/interested）in learning Japanese. 3. It was a _______________ （surprising/surprised）result that no one expected. 4. The children were ______________ （exciting/excited）about the trip to the zoo. 5. I find his explanation very ________________ （confusing/confused）. 6. After a long walk, I felt completely ________________ （exhausting/exhausted）. 7. The ________________ （frightening/frightened）look on her face showed that she saw something terrible. 8. He had a ______________ （worrying/worried）expression because his son was late. 9. The __________________ （disappointing/disappointed）fans left the stadium after their team lost. 10. This is truly an __________ （amazing/amazed）achievement in science. 【Integration】 P. 57 1. Fan is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” because she has devoted a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. 解析： (1) daughter ______ 女儿 ① my daughter 我的女儿 ② a lovely daughter 可爱的女儿 Eg. They have a daughter ________ _________ _____________ in a middle school. 他们有一个正在上中学的女儿。 (2) devote ______ 献身，致力，专心 devote ... to ... 把...奉献给... ① devote one's life to __________ sth. = devote oneself to ________ sth. 某人献身于/致力于(做)某事 ② devote ________ to study 把时间花在学习上 ③ devote __________ to work 把精力投入工作 Eg. She devoted __________________________ her career. 她投身于她的事业。 (3) research _____ 研究 ① ______ research ______ 对……做研究 ② scientific research 科学研究 Eg. What have their __________________________? 他们的研究证明了什么？ 2. Dunhuang caves house about 45,000 square meters of wall paintings and over 2,000 painted sculptures. 解析：house ______ 收藏，安置 ① house books 藏书 ② house animals 饲养动物 Eg. The gallery _____________ 2,000 works of modern art. 美术馆收藏了2000件现代艺术品。 3. Sadly, these treasures were damaged due to natural causes over thousands of years and overtourism in the last century. 解析：overtourism ______ 过度旅游 ① the problem of overtourism 过度旅游问题 ② reduce overtourism 减少过度旅游 Eg. Overtourism _________ _____________ many problems to the small island. 过度旅游给这个小岛带来了很多问题。 4. In the late 1980s, Fan came up with the idea of digitalizing the caves. 解析：digitalize ______ 使（信息） 数字化 = digitize digital ______ 数字的 ① digitalize books 使图书数字化 ② digitalize information 使信息数字化 Eg. Many libraries _________________________ their old books these days. 这段时间以来很多图书馆正在把旧书数字化。 5. Went to _____ in Dunhuang after she graduated in 1963. 解析：graduate _____ （大学）毕业 graduat_____ _____ （大学）毕业；毕业典礼 ① graduate from 毕业于（某学校） ② graduate ______ 毕业于（某专业） Eg. The famous _____________________ Liu Lian ______________________ Archaeology __________ Beijing University. 著名斜杆青年刘恋毕业于北京大学考古系。 6. Felt it was her duty to ______ and serve the needs of her country 解析：serve ______ 能满足...的需要；服务；提供 ① serve the people 为人民服务 ② serve _____ 担任；以....的身份 ③ serve food 提供食物 Eg. I want to work somewhere where I can _____________________________. 我想找一个能够为公众服务的工作岗位。 7. After many years of hand work, the condition of the caves has been improved a lot. P. 58 解析：condition ______ 状态，状况 ① in good condition 状况良好 ② living condition___ 生活条件 Eg. He _________________ and out of ________________. 他超重，健康状况不佳。 The plants ________ best in cool, damp ________________. 这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。 8. I think any life can have meaning if we contribute in some ways. 解析：contribute ______ 贡献，增进，促成 contribut____ ______ 贡献，增进，促成 ① contribute _____ 促成；有助于 ② contribute sth. to 把某物捐给 ③ make _____ contribution ______ 为……做贡献 Eg. This book _____________________ to our understanding of the subject. 这本书对我们了解这门学科无所益处。 9. I think we can judge how meaningful our lives are by how many people we help. P. 59 解析：judge _____ 判断，认为；审判 n. 法官 ① judge sb. by 以……判断某人 ② judge ___________ 从……判断 ③ a _________ judge 公正的法官 Eg. To ____________ from what ________________, she was very ____________. 从她的话判断，她非常失望。 10. I’m amazed by her story. 解析：amazed ______ 大为惊奇 amaz_______ _____ amaze_______ _____ ① be amazed _______ 对……感到惊奇 ② be amazed _______ _______ sth. 惊奇地做某事 ③ to one's amazement 令某人惊奇的是 Eg. I was __________________ her knowledge of French literature. 她的法国文学知识之丰富使我大为惊奇。 11. I am greatly influenced by my father and have made up my mind to live my life just like him. P.60 解析：make up one’s mind 下定决心 ① make up one's mind _______ ________ sth. 下定决心做某事 ② change one's mind 改变主意 Eg.She ________ ________ her mind to study hard and _______ a good high school. 她下定决心努力学习，考上一所好高中。 [重点短语] 1. 找到生活的意义 ______________________________________________ 2. 有可能做某事 ______________________________________________ 3. 把...奉献给... ______________________________________________ 4. 研究和保护古代敦煌石窟 ______________________________________________ 5. 上世纪的过度旅游 ______________________________________________ 6. 数字化石窟的想法 ______________________________________________ 7. 满足国家的需要 ______________________________________________ 8. 在某方面影响 ______________________________________________ 9. 一项重要的国家宝藏 ______________________________________________ 10. 石窟的状况 ______________________________________________ 11. 在一些方面做出贡献 ______________________________________________ 12. 花费他们一生做重要的事情 ______________________________________________ 13. 为女生接受教育抗争 ______________________________________________ 14. 判断我们生活多么有意义 ______________________________________________ 15. 惊讶于某事 ______________________________________________ ( 32 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $