精品解析：广东省广州市越秀区铁一中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题

高三英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 阅读（共20题，每题2.5分，共50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This chart shows global GDP per capita, adjusted for inflation. Looking at the world economy from this perspective, it is the steadiness of this change that stands out. Average incomes per person have risen at a fairly constant pace of roughly 2% per year, interrupted only by the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 pandemic. A definition of economic growth that can be found in many publications is “an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.” There is one example of how growth is possible and what economic growth is. A few centuries ago, the only way to produce a book was for a scribe (抄写员) to copy it word-for-word by hand. Book production was a slow process; it took a scribe about eight months of daily work to produce a single copy of the Bible. It was so laborious that only very few books were produced. But then, in the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg developed a new production technology, and it changed things dramatically. Instead of spending months to produce one book, a worker was now able to produce several books a day. Books, which were previously only available to a tiny group, became available to more and more people. Actually, national economies change. Some economies slow; many others grow and more generally, some major political shifts take place. Yet when all of this is combined, the global average follows a remarkably smooth upward trend. 1. What’s the most striking feature of world economy? A. The slowdown of global growth after the 2008 financial crisis. B. The rapid growth of global growth due to technological progress. C. The permanent interruption to global growth by the 2020 pandemic. D. The relative consistency of global growth over the last three decades. 2. How does the author explain the concept of economic growth? A. By citing an expert. B. By listing definitions. C. By giving an example. D. By providing statistics. 3. What is the key factor that led to the dramatic change in book production? A. The emergence of workers. B. The printing press technology. C. The wide availability of paper. D. The growing number of scribes. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了全球人均GDP近三十年增长相对稳定，仅受2008年金融危机和2020年疫情短暂影响。作者以古腾堡印刷术为例，说明技术进步能推动生产效率提升，进而实现经济增长。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Looking at the world economy from this perspective, it is the steadiness of this change that stands out. Average incomes per person have risen at a fairly constant pace of roughly 2% per year, interrupted only by the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 pandemic.(从这个角度来看，全球经济的变化之所以引人注目，是因为其变化的稳定性。人均收入一直以大约每年2%的稳定速度增长，只是在2008年金融危机和2020年疫情期间有所中断)”可知，世界经济最显著的特点是在过去三十年里，全球经济增长的相对稳定性。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“A definition of economic growth that can be found in many publications is “an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.” There is one example of how growth is possible and what economic growth is. A few centuries ago, the only way to produce a book was for a scribe (抄写员) to copy it word-for-word by hand. Book production was a slow process; it took a scribe about eight months of daily work to produce a single copy of the Bible.(许多出版物中对经济增长的定义是：“在一定时期内，人均所生产的商品和服务数量的增加。”这里有一个关于经济增长如何实现以及经济增长是什么的示例。几个世纪以前，要出版一本书，唯一的办法就是由抄写员逐字逐句地手抄完成。书籍的出版是一个缓慢的过程；一个抄写员每天工作约八个月才能完成一本《圣经》的抄写工作)”可知，作者通过举例的方式阐释经济增长这一概念。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But then, in the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg developed a new production technology, and it changed things dramatically. Instead of spending months to produce one book, a worker was now able to produce several books a day. Books, which were previously only available to a tiny group, became available to more and more people.(但随后，在15世纪，约翰内斯·古腾堡开发出了一种新的生产技术，这彻底改变了局面。以前要花费数月时间才能制作出一本书，而现在一名工人每天就能生产出好几本。此前只有极少数人能够获得书籍，而如今越来越多的人能够接触到书籍了)”可知，导致书籍生产发生巨大变革的关键因素是印刷技术。故选B。 B For years, the 3:00 PM school pickup was not a joyful reunion, but a constant exercise in emotional strength. It was a routine of small hopes quietly disappearing. Every single day, as my 11-year-old son, Leo, buckled his seat-belt, I would offer the same cheerful, practiced query: “How was your day?” And every single day, for years, the response was a carbon copy: “Fine, fine.” It was always delivered to the dashboard, to the window, to anywhere but me. No eye contact. No change in his voice. His autism (自闭症) created a sort of glass wall between us. Through it, I could see my boy, but I could never quite feel him reach back. The easy, simple talk that other parents seem to enjoy without a second thought felt like a dream. I felt like I was pouring years of love into an empty space, my constant efforts met with a peaceful, yet heartbreaking, apathy. I had quietly begun to accept that this silent barrier was simply our forever. But that early spring afternoon was unusual. I asked the same question, expecting nothing. “How was your day, Leo?” He buckled his belt. “Good, good.” he said. A change from the script, but I barely had time to register it. Then, he turned. For the first time in what felt like a lifetime, Leo looked directly at me. His eyes were clear, focused, and present. “How was your day, Mom?” The world seemed to stop spinning. The simple question — that tiny bridge he had built all on his own from his world to mine — was the most beautiful thing I had ever heard. It wasn’t just words; it was the answer to years of unseen patience My breath caught, and tears, hot and uncontrollable, streamed down my face. I gave him the only truth I had, “It’s really good, Leo.” I said, my voice cracking. “It’s the best day ever.” 4. Why did the mother keep asking her son the same question for years? A. She tried to cheer her son up. B. She enjoyed their daily routine. C. She longed for a real interaction. D. She felt sorry for her son’s condition. 5. What does the underlined word “apathy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Lack of interest. B. Loss of memory. C. Sign of respect. D. Sense of peace. 6. What made the spring afternoon unusual for the mother? A. Leo buckled his seat-belt himself. B. Leo showed active concern for her. C. Leo caught sight of her sudden tears. D. Leo listened to her with great patience. 7. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Clear Eyes, Full Heart B. Talk More, Love Better C. The Answer to Education D. A Reward of Patience 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述一位母亲多年来每天下午3点接患有自闭症的儿子放学，每次问儿子“今天过得怎么样”，得到的都是冷漠回应，母子间仿佛隔着玻璃墙。但在一个早春下午，儿子不仅回答“很好”，还主动询问母亲的一天，这一转变让母亲感受到多年耐心付出得到回报，体现了亲情与耐心的力量。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The easy, simple talk that other parents seem to enjoy without a second thought felt like a dream. I felt like I was pouring years of love into an empty space, my constant efforts met with a peaceful, yet heartbreaking, apathy.(其他父母似乎不假思索就能享受的轻松、简单的交流对我来说就像一场梦。我感觉自己多年的爱都倾注到了一个空洞里，我不断的努力得到的却是平静却令人心碎的冷漠回应)”可知，母亲多年来一直问儿子同一个问题，是渴望与儿子有真正的互动交流。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“I felt like I was pouring years of love into an empty space, my constant efforts met with a peaceful, yet heartbreaking, apathy.(我感觉自己多年的深情都倾注在了一片虚无之中，我日复一日的付出，换来的是一种平静却令人心碎的apathy)”可知，母亲多年付出爱却好像倾注到空洞里，得到令人心碎的回应，结合前文儿子每次冷漠回应，不与母亲眼神交流等，可推测“apathy”意思为“缺乏兴趣，冷漠”。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But that early spring afternoon was unusual. I asked the same question, expecting nothing. “How was your day, Leo?”(但那个初春的午后有些不一样。我问出了那句熟悉的话，本不抱有任何期待。“利奥，你今天过得怎么样？”)”以及第四段“He buckled his belt. “Good, good.” he said. A change from the script, but I barely had time to register it.(他系上安全带。“挺好，挺好。” 他说道。 这次回答和往常不一样，但我几乎来不及反应过来)”并结合第五段“Then, he turned. For the first time in what felt like a lifetime, Leo looked directly at me. His eyes were clear, focused, and present. “How was your day, Mom?”(随后，他转过身。仿佛时隔漫长岁月，利奥第一次直视着我。他的眼神清澈、专注，真切地看着我。 “妈妈，你今天过得怎么样？”)”可知，以往儿子对母亲的询问冷漠回应，而这个早春下午，儿子不仅改变回答，还主动问母亲“你今天过得怎么样，妈妈？”，这种主动对母亲的关心让这个下午变得不同寻常。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。主要讲述一位母亲多年来每天下午3点接患有自闭症的儿子放学，每次问儿子“今天过得怎么样”，得到的都是冷漠回应，母子间仿佛隔着玻璃墙。但在一个早春下午，儿子不仅回答“很好”，还主动询问母亲的一天，这一转变让母亲感受到多年耐心付出得到回报，体现了亲情与耐心的力量。所以D选项“A Reward of Patience”(耐心的回报)最适合作为文章标题。 C Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics. Despite being a relatively new area of study, it has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way. Genes don’t affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies — they work, in part, by shaping the environments we look for or produce. At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression. That’s not to say that any of it is their fault, just that the way we’re supported and the world we pilot are closely linked. Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the greater the influence that genetic variation has in sorting us into different categories. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. 8. Prior to the emergence of sociogenomics, it was widely believed that ________. A. genes and environment functioned separately B. there was no clear line between nature and nurture C. environment shaped our perception of who we are D. nature mattered more than nurture for personal growth 9. The underlined word “pernicious” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “________”. A. disastrous B. generative C. pointless D. questionable 10. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 11. Which of the following pictures correctly illustrates how nature and nurture make us who we are? A. B. C. D. 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了社会基因组学这一新兴科学领域对传统“先天vs环境因素”辩论的重新定义，揭示了基因与环境之间相互影响、相互塑造的复杂关系。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences.(自150年前弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出“先天与环境因素”这一说法以来，关于什么塑造了我们的争论便一直主导着人文科学领域)”、第二段中“Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place.(然而，如今一个新的科学领域即将重塑这场争论——它不是通过宣布某一方获胜，甚至也不是宣告平局，而是揭示出它们从一开始就并非对立)”和第三段中“The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics.(这个新领域被称为社会基因组学，是行为科学与遗传学的交叉融合)”可知，在社会基因组学出现之前，人们普遍认为先天和环境因素是对立的，即基因和环境是分开作用的。故选A项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression.(在其他时候，先天与环境因素的反馈循环可能更pernicious。失业、婚姻破裂等可怕的挫折会导致人们陷入抑郁，这并不奇怪。然而，我惊讶地发现，那些在基因上更容易患抑郁症的人，更有可能遭遇这些挫折，而这些挫折反过来又会加重他们的抑郁)”可推知，这种先天与环境因素的反馈循环更有害的，更具有破坏性。故划线词pernicious意为“有害的；破坏性的”，与A项“disastrous”意义相近。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade (这项研究中真正让我震惊的是这一部分。研究表明，伴侣的基因对你患抑郁症可能性的影响几乎达到你自己基因影响的三分之一。研究还表明，当高中有少数具有吸烟遗传倾向的学生时，整个年级的吸烟率会迅速上升)”可推知，这项研究让作者感到震惊的是，我们周围人的基因可以影响我们所处的环境。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other.(从这个新的角度来看，先天和环境因素甚至不能完全区分，因为基因和环境并不是孤立地起作用的；它们相互影响，甚至在很大程度上相互创造)”、第六段中“Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. (先天与环境因素相互塑造，先天影响我们体验环境的方式，环境因素影响我们天性表达的方式)”和最后一段“Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. (先天与环境因素并非两种分离的力量——它们无休止地相互循环)”可知，二者并非两种分离的力量，是相互影响，相互创造的关系。故选C项。 D Most of us love natural things: the taste of raw fruits and vegetables, the warmth of the sun on our skin, etc. Often, we’re given a choice between certain things — such as foods, medicines or procedures — that are considered natural, and alternatives that are considered synthetic (合成的) or artificial, where the term “natural” refers to the absence of any form of human intervention. Here, too, the affinity for nature might help us some of the time. But it can also badly lead us in the wrong way. It seems that many of us have a tendency toward natural-is-better thinking. A recent research shows that people routinely demonstrate a naturalness bias. That is, they exhibit a fondness for natural options even when those options are not objectively better. For instance, in one study, participants tended to perceive cigarettes as less harmful if they were labelled “natural”, even though research does not support that perception. In another study, it was found that the majority of participants preferred a natural drug for treatment — and about 20% to 30% preferred it even when it was said to be less safe or less effective than a synthetic alternative. The naturalness bias could lead to risky choices. People might needlessly pay more for the same kind of product when it’s described as “natural”. Someone might eat more of a food that’s high in fat and sugar just because it’s considered natural and therefore perceived as healthier. Furthermore, naturalness bias may reduce people’s willingness to follow medical experts’ advice on vaccines and other treatments. Encouragingly, though, keeping in mind the naturalness bias and discussing it with others may help prevent it when making decisions. It may not matter much whether you unconsciously prefer an overpriced “natural” cleaning product. Yet it could matter greatly if your loved one is thinking of replacing synthetic treatment with supposedly “natural” one. In cases like these, putting in the time to read reliable sources and speak with qualified experts can help point to a decision that’s based on data, rather than a deceptively simple label. 12. What does the underlined word “affinity” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Respect. B. Demand. C. Curiosity. D. Preference. 13. Which of the following is a typical example of “naturalness bias”? A. Avoiding pre-prepared food. B. Rejecting all synthetic medicine. C. Enjoying natural light to get vitamins. D. Choosing organic apples for better tastes. 14. What does the author think of “naturalness bias”? A. Unexpected. B. Uncommon. C. Misleading. D. Misunderstood. 15. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To call for more attention. B. To offer practical advice. C. To show the risks of naturalness bias. D. To compare different situations. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们对自然事物的偏好有时会导致“自然偏好”心理，这种心理可能会误导人们做出错误的选择。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Most of us love natural things: the taste of raw fruits and vegetables, the warmth of the sun on our skin, etc.(我们大多数人都喜欢自然的东西：生水果和蔬菜的味道，阳光照射在我们皮肤上的温暖等等)”以及第二段“Here, too, the affinity for nature might help us some of the time. But it can also badly lead us in the wrong way. (在这里，对自然的affinity有时可能对我们有帮助。但它也可能把我们引入歧途。)”可知，此处表示的是大多数人对自然的偏爱，affinity意为“偏好”。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“A recent research shows that people routinely demonstrate a naturalness bias. That is, they exhibit a fondness for natural options even when those options are not objectively better.(近期一项研究显示，人们经常会表现出天然性偏见。也就是，他们偏爱天然选项，哪怕这些天然选项客观上并不更优)”可知，拒绝所有合成药物，一味偏爱天然药物，哪怕天然药物效果更差、安全性更低，完全符合“自然偏好”的定义。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The naturalness bias could lead to risky choices. People might needlessly pay more for the same kind of product when it’s described as “natural”. Someone might eat more of a food that’s high in fat and sugar just because it’s considered natural and therefore perceived as healthier. Furthermore, naturalness bias may reduce people’s willingness to follow medical experts’ advice on vaccines and other treatments. (自然偏好可能导致冒险的选择。当产品被描述为“天然”时，人们可能会不必要地为同类产品支付更多的钱。有人可能会因为某种食物被认为是天然的，因此被认为是更健康的，而吃更多高脂肪和高糖的食物。此外，自然偏好可能会降低人们遵循医学专家关于疫苗和其他治疗建议的意愿。)”可知，作者认为“自然偏好”可能会误导人们做出错误的选择。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It may not matter much whether you unconsciously prefer an overpriced “natural” cleaning product. Yet it could matter greatly if your loved one is thinking of replacing synthetic treatment with supposedly “natural” one. In cases like these, putting in the time to read reliable sources and speak with qualified experts can help point to a decision that’s based on data, rather than a deceptively simple label. (你是否无意识地喜欢价格过高的“天然”清洁产品可能并不重要。然而，如果你的爱人正考虑用所谓的“天然”疗法取代合成疗法，这可能就非常重要了。在这种情况下，花时间阅读可靠的来源并与合格的专家交谈，有助于做出基于数据、而不是被具有欺骗性的看似简单的标签所左右的决定。)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何避免自然偏好带来的不良影响，即要阅读可靠的来源并与合格的专家交谈，也就是提供了实用的建议。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分） 根据内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Art Builds Understanding Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. ____16____ It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. ____17____ This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. ___18___ In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas. ___19___ Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time. ___20___ What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. A. The viewers gain a new perspective on the story. B. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art. C. This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen. D. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work. E. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist. F. For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives. G. Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program. 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. E 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术给人们带来的启示和影响。当人们第一次见到一件艺术作品时，我们的经历和感情或许会和它发生链接，从而影响或改变我们的想法，提高思想境界，但是这是如何发生的呢？文章就这个问题进行了讨论。 【16题详解】 下文“It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. (它有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的条件，道德和精神观念)”开头出现一个代词it，说明它指代的内容出现在设空处；结合下文“The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art?(问题是这是如何发生的——有意义的艺术体验的属性是什么？)”可知本段阐述了艺术在认知方面的价值：有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的状况，道德和精神观念；B选项“The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.(审美认知主义理论描述了艺术的价值)”起到引领下文的作用，符合语境；下文中的“It”指代选项中的“art”，下文中的“understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts”属于“认知主义(cognitivism)”范畴的内容。故选B项。 【17题详解】 上文“Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.(艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息。) ”说明艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息；D选项“To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.(为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在工作发展过程中不断扩展这些想法)”承接上文，阐述了艺术家表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息的途径；下文“This results in the build-up of layers of materials—from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. (这促成了材料层的积累——从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品。)”承接D选项，指出探索并不断扩展关键的想法促成了材料层的积累，下文中的“This”指代选项中的“explore key ideas and continually expand them”；由此可知，D选项符合语境。故选D项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. (他们的互动首先涉及到处理表面特征，如颜色、纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段所应用的收尾工作)”可知，观众和艺术家的互动分为两个阶段，开始是欣赏表象内容，比如颜色，纹理等，接下来表达的意思应该就是深入了解一段时间后，观众可以理解艺术背后的观念，E选项“After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.(在花更多的时间欣赏作品后，观众开始了解艺术家的想法。)”符合题意，故选E项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. (耶鲁大学一个实验室的研究表明，利用艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力)”可知，耶鲁大学开展的一个研究项目表明使用了艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力；G选项“Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.(与没有参加该项目的人相比，参与者的想法更有独创性)”承接上文，继续阐述这项研究发现艺术欣赏活动有助于培养创造性思维能力；选项中“the program”指代前文中的“an educational program”，“original in their thinking”与上文“creative thinking skills”表达意思一致。故选G项。 【20题详解】 上文“Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.(艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力。)”指出艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力；C选项“This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.(这有助于建立其他方式不会发生的联系和见解。)”承接上文，说明艺术跨越时空交流的潜力有助于建立联系和了解，这是其他方式无法达到的。选项中的“This”指代上文“the potential to communicate across space and time”。故选C项。 第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In her small studio, Mia stared at the lump (块) of clay on the wheel. It was her tenth ____21____ this week, and still, the form refused to rise as she envisioned. Her hands, covered in ____22____ clay, trembled with exhaustion and frustration. A voice inside urged her to ____23____. Her grandfather, a retired potter, had once told her, “The clay tests your ____24____, not your soul. Every crack (裂缝) is a lesson, not a judgment,” Now, it felt like a ____25____. She took a deep breath, ____26____ the lump, and started again. This time, she focused not on the perfect vase in her mind, but on the ____27____ feedback of the clay beneath her fingers — its resistance, its moisture, its pace. Days turned into weeks. The pile of failed lumps in the corner ____28____. One afternoon, when she lifted the ____29____ vase — with slight imperfections that gave it character — she felt no urge to compare it to an ideal. It was simply ____30____. She placed it on her shelf, not as a proof of achievement, but as a(n) ____31____ of the journey itself. Months later, a visitor to her studio was ____32____ to that same vase. The real attraction wasn’t in the vase’s form, but in its making — in the silent ____33____ between doubt and persistence. The sale was unexpected, but the true reward was ____34____. She had learned that mastery is a conversation, not a conquest. The most beautiful creations, she realized, are often born from the ____35____ to simply begin again. 21. A. performance B. attempt C. play D. action 22. A. hard B. dry C. wet D. line 23. A. give up B. try out C. break off D. settle down 24. A. character B. skill C. talent D. value 25. A. warning B. barrier C. guide D. sign 26. A. removed B. recycled C. redistributed D. returned 27. A. final B. late C. slow D. immediate 28. A. grew B. remained C. disappeared D. arose 29. A. delicate B. fragile C. finished D. creative 30. A. honest B. abstract C. classic D. perfect 31. A. stage B. end C. destination D. reminder 32. A. led B. drawn C. instructed D. addicted 33. A. division B. conflict C. comparison D. dialogue 34. A. visible B. apparent C. internal D. impressive 35. A. courage B. freedom C. right D. ambition 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了陶艺家Mia在屡次失败后，从祖父的教诲中领悟到制陶的真谛——不是追求完美，而是在与泥土的对话中学会坚持与接纳，最终发现真正的美丽来自于不断重新开始的勇气。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她这周的第十次尝试，然而，形状仍然无法如她所愿地成型。A. performance表演；B. attempt尝试；C. play玩耍；D. action行动。根据前文“stared at the lump of clay on the wheel”以及后文“still, the form refused to rise”可知，她在反复“尝试”制作陶器，这是她这周的第十次。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：她沾满湿陶土的手因疲惫和沮丧而颤抖。A. hard坚硬的；B. dry干的；C. wet湿的；D. line线条。根据前文“Mia stared at the lump of clay on the wheel”可知，她在用陶轮制作陶器，结合制陶常识，陶土在制作过程中需要保持湿润，所以手上沾的是“湿”陶土。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个声音在内心催促她放弃。A. give up放弃；B. try out尝试；C. break off中断；D. settle down定居。根据前文“It was her tenth this week, and still, the form refused to rise as she envisioned”和“trembled with exhaustion and frustration”可知，她已经是第十次尝试失败，内心自然会产生“放弃”的念头。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：泥土考验的是你的技巧，而不是你的灵魂。A. character性格；B. skill技巧；C. talent天赋；D. value价值。根据后文“Every crack (裂缝) is a lesson, not a judgment”可推知，制陶要从失败中得到教训，需要总结经验，考验的是“技巧”。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，这句话感觉像是一种指引。A. warning警告；B. barrier障碍；C. guide指引；D. sign标志。前文祖父的话“The clay tests your , not your soul. Every crack (裂缝) is a lesson, not a judgment.”是智慧的教诲，在Mia感到沮丧时回想起来，这句话给了她方向和力量，成了她的“指引”。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她深吸一口气，回收了那团泥，重新开始。A. removed移除；B. recycled回收；C. redistributed重新分配；D. returned返回。根据后文“started again”和陶艺中可以重复使用陶泥的常识可知，她把失败的泥“回收”利用。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次，她不再专注于脑海中完美的花瓶，而是专注于手指下泥土的即时反馈——它的阻力、湿度、节奏。A. final最终的；B. late迟到的；C. slow缓慢的；D. immediate即时的。根据后文“feedback of the clay beneath her fingers — its resistance, its moisture, its pace.”可知，这是她手指能“即时”感受到的反馈。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：角落里失败泥团的堆越来越高。A. grew增长；B. remained保持；C. disappeared消失；D. arose出现。根据前文“Days turned into weeks”以及她持续尝试可知，失败的次数增多，所以泥堆“增长”了。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她举起完成的陶罐时——带着些许赋予它个性的瑕疵——她不再有将其与理想比较的冲动。A. delicate精致的；B. fragile易碎的；C. finished完成的；D. creative有创意的。根据后文“with slight imperfections”以及“placed it on her shelf”可知，虽然不完美，但这是一个可以放上架的“完成了的”作品。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它就是真实的。A. honest真实的，诚实的；B. abstract抽象的；C. classic经典的；D. perfect完美的。根据前文“felt no urge to compare it to an ideal”可知，她不再追求完美，不再将其与理想比较，而是接受了它本来的样子，所以这件作品是“真实的”，与“ideal”相对。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把它放在架子上，不是作为成就的证明，而是作为这段旅程本身的提醒。A. stage阶段；B. end终点；C. destination目的地；D. reminder提醒物。根据前文“not as a proof of achievement”和“of the journey itself”可知，这件不完美的作品是用来“提醒”自己这段过程的。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，一位参观她工作室的访客被同一个陶罐所吸引。A. led引导；B. drawn被吸引；C. instructed指导；D. addicted上瘾。根据后文“The real attraction wasn’t in the vase’s form”可知，访客被它“吸引”。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：真正的吸引力不在于陶罐的形式，而在于它的制作过程——在于怀疑与坚持之间无声的对话。A. division分割；B. conflict冲突；C. comparison比较；D. dialogue对话。根据前文“the silent”以及后文“She had learned that mastery is a conversation, not a conquest.”可推知，这件不完美的作品是Mia内心的无声“对话”。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卖出是个意外，但真正的回报是内在的。A. visible可见的；B. apparent显而易见的；C. internal内在的；D. impressive令人印象深刻的。根据后文“She had learned that mastery is a conversation, not a conquest.”可知，Mia得到的真正回报是精神层面的、是“内在的”。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她意识到，最美妙的创造往往源于重新开始的勇气。A. courage勇气；B. freedom自由；C. right权利；D. ambition野心。根据前文“It was her tenth this week”和“Days turned into weeks. The pile of failed lumps in the corner ”和“She took a deep breath, the lump, and started again”的过程可推知，经历无数次失败后仍然选择重新开始，这需要“勇气”。故选A项。 第Ⅱ卷（共55分） 第二节 语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） There Are No Rules for Success “It’s the Worst Time to Be a College Graduate in Years,” reads a Newsweek headline. For 22-to 30-year old computer-science graduates, employment has been falling. Why? Is it ChatGPT? Late in the economic cycle? No matter, the unwritten social contract for success that ____36____ (impress) upon you — good grades, job loyalty, retirement account — feels completely broken. It may be time to create your own job. Careers ____37____ were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to ____38____ the world is headed is less risky than you think. Progress comes through surprises, not rules, with inventions no one ____39____ (think) possible. The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years ____40____ ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition. ____41____ of these were invented by following the rules, but by coloring outside the lines. Ignore those who tell you to take “____42____ (calculate) risks.” It’s the greatness of risk that provides the potential reward. Do you need universities? It is noted that college graduates have the same jobless rate as those who didn’t get a college degree. So why go? Since 2011, the Thiel Fellowship has paid smart young people $200,000 over two years ____43____ (build) new things instead of sitting in a classroom. I asked Peter Thiel how it was going. He pointed to more than 300 fellows who have created $750 billion ____44____ value. No one knows what’s next. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. You’ll make mistakes. You might even fail. So what? If your brain still functions, you can keep ____45____ (go) until you find success that surprises the world. There are no rules. Do your thing. Accomplish something. 【答案】36. has been impressed 37. that##which 38. where 39. thought 40. since 41. None 42. calculated 43. to build 44. in 45. going 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述当下大学毕业生就业形势严峻，传统成功路径逐渐失效，举例诸多突破常规的发明创新，质疑大学学历的绝对价值，倡导年轻人打破规则、大胆试错、自主创造属于自己的成功。 【36题详解】 考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：那些一直被强加于你身上关于成功的不成文社会契约——优异成绩、忠于工作、退休储蓄账户——如今已然彻底崩塌。impress(使意识到重要性或严重性等)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词contract)与动词impress为被动关系，且动作持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态，注意主谓一致。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：曾经安稳的职业如今充满风险，比如市场营销人员、部分程序员，甚至律师。此处引导定语从句，先行词为表事物的Careers，定语从句缺少主语，可用that或which引导。 【38题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：与此同时，顺应时代发展潮流奔赴世界发展的方向，远比你想象的风险更低。此处为宾语从句，表示地点、发展去向，用连接副词where引导。 【39题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：进步源于意外突破而非固守规则，诞生了许多曾经没人认为有可能实现的发明。think是定语从句中谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用think的过去式thought。 【40题详解】 考查固定句型和连词。句意：距离ChatGPT凭借自身能力震惊世界还不到三年时间。固定句型“It’s been+一段时间+since...”，表示“自从……以来已有多久”。 【41题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：这些发明没有一项是循规蹈矩创造出来的，而是突破常规、大胆创新。此处指代前文列举的所有发明，表示“没有一个”，用不定代词none。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不要听从那些让你只做预估好的稳妥风险的人。修饰名词risks需用形容词，calculated表示“预先估算的、权衡过的”。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：自二零一一年起，泰尔奖学金在两年内资助优秀青年二十万美元，鼓励他们投身创新创造，而不是坐在教室里听课。不定式作目的状语，用to build。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：他指出已有三百多名获奖者创造了价值七千五百亿美元的成果。固定搭配in value表示“在价值方面”。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：只要你的大脑还能思考，就可以一直坚持下去，直到取得惊艳世人的成功。固定搭配keep doing sth.表示“持续做某事”，用动名词going作宾语。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校英语社将举办题目为“The Very Word That Best Describes My Senior Three”的征文比赛，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容如下： 1. 介绍你的年度词汇； 2. 说明理由和表达感悟。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The Very Word That Best Describes My Senior Three ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Very Word That Best Describes My Senior Three The word that best describes my Senior Three is “persistence”. It’s the light guiding me through countless late nights and tough exams. When I struggled with math problems or felt worn out by endless exercises, persistence kept me going. I kept practicing, asking teachers for help and never gave up even when progress was slow. This year, I’ve learned that persistence isn’t just about working hard, but about sticking to my goals no matter what difficulties I face. Senior Three’s persistence has made me stronger. It will be a precious lesson for my future life, reminding me that hard work always pays off. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“The Very Word That Best Describes My Senior Three”为题写一篇文章，介绍自己的年度词汇，说明理由和表达感悟，参加校英语社将举办的征文比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 指引：guide → direct/lead 寻求帮助：ask for help → seek help 坚持：stick to → persist in 宝贵的：precious → valuable 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：It will be a precious lesson for my future life, reminding me that hard work always pays off. 拓展句：It will be a precious lesson for my future life, which will remind me that hard work always pays off. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】The word that best describes my Senior Three is “persistence”. (运用了that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】When I struggled with math problems or felt worn out by endless exercises, persistence kept me going. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sumi was a single mother. Her daughter Anna has always been called “Number 23.” Every time the school released exam results, Anna would always end up in 23rd position among 50 pupils. Always 23, no matter how hard she pushed Anna. Every mention of this nickname gnawed at Sumi. One day, Sumi, along with Anna, was invited to a lively gathering of several friends and their families. The atmosphere was delightful and as the lunch came to a finish, a man playfully asked the youngsters what they aspired (有志成为) to be when they grew up. “I want to be a pianist!” “I want to be a famous actor!” “I want to be a politician!” “I’ll start a business and make tons of money!” One after another, the children voiced these bold, ambitious dreams, earning warm applause and compliments from the adults. Anna, however, simply smiled and clapped along, remaining silent. She was quietly occupied with serving soup and distributing cookies to the guests. Then, the man who had posed the question turned his gaze toward Anna and added, “Hey, our Anna hasn’t shared her dream yet. What do you want to be when you grow up?” Anna paused, and then, with a soft smile, replied, “Uncle, I want to be a primary school teacher. I love kids — telling them funny stories and teaching them how to make paper cuts. I just love dancing and singing and playing with them.” The room fell instantly silent. Sumi felt her heart sink. Later, boarding a rented bus for the return trip, Sumi stared out the window, a heavy cloud of disappointment settling over her. She had hoped Anna would dream bigger, not settle for such an ordinary life. As traffic thickened, the bus got fast stuck in a jam. Suddenly, two boys erupted into a full-blown quarrel over a single slice of dessert. No one could calm them down. To make matters worse, more kids on the bus began to get restless due to the jam. 注意： （1） 续写词数应为150左右； （2） 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: At that critical moment, Anna stepped in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Sumi excitedly called Anna a hero, but she shook her head gently. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 At that critical moment Anna stepped in. Approaching the quarreling boys with a calm smile, she suggested they flip a coin to settle their dispute. Simple as that, the argument ended. Everyone was stunned. Then, she began distributing treats like a caring big sister, instantly soothing the restless children. Making use of leftover candy boxes, she folded intricate paper animals — elephants, lions, and birds — and presented them to each child on the bus. The children’s eyes sparkled with joy as they admired their unique gifts, their cries replaced by laughter. The man who had asked about their dreams earlier watched in astonishment, clapping appreciatively. As for Sumi, a new emotion warmed her chest: pride. Sumi excitedly called Anna a hero, but she shook her head gently. She grinned and replied softly, “Mom, I’m not a hero. When a hero walks down the road, everyone claps, but I want to be the one clapping for others.” That simple answer shifted something deep within Sumi. She realized she had always pushed Anna to achieve, shine, and be number one, yet she had missed the point. Being kind, happy, and true to oneself was the real achievement. Perhaps being “Number 23” wasn’t terrible after all; it was exactly where Anna was meant to shine. A tear of joy rolled down Sumi’s cheek as she wrapped her arm around her daughter’s shoulder. “Then be that teacher, my Anna. I shall be your loudest admirer.” 【解析】 【导语】本文以安娜的梦想和苏米的态度转变为线索展开，讲述了单身母亲苏米因女儿安娜考试总排第23名而苦恼，在一次聚会上，安娜坦言梦想是成为小学老师，苏米深感失望。返程途中，公交车因堵车陷入混乱，安娜巧妙安抚吵闹的孩子，让苏米幡然醒悟，明白真诚善良、忠于自我才是真正的成就，不再执着于名次的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段写安娜用抛硬币平息男孩争吵，分发零食、折纸动物安抚其他孩子，赢得大家赞赏，苏米心中生出骄傲。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段写安娜解释自己不想当英雄，只想温暖他人，苏米醒悟，接纳女儿的梦想，为她骄傲。 2. 续写线索：安娜解围——平息争吵——安抚孩子——众人赞赏——苏米骄傲——安娜解释——苏米醒悟——接纳梦想 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①走近：approach/walk up to ②分发：distribute/give out 情绪类 ①惊讶：stunned/astonished ②喜悦：joy/happiness 【点睛】[高分句型1] Approaching the quarreling boys with a calm smile, she suggested they flip a coin to settle their dispute.（运用了现在分词作状语和省略连词that的宾语从句） [高分句型2] She realized she had always pushed Anna to achieve, shine, and be number one, yet she had missed the point.（运用了省略连词that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 阅读（共20题，每题2.5分，共50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This chart shows global GDP per capita, adjusted for inflation. Looking at the world economy from this perspective, it is the steadiness of this change that stands out. Average incomes per person have risen at a fairly constant pace of roughly 2% per year, interrupted only by the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 pandemic. A definition of economic growth that can be found in many publications is “an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.” There is one example of how growth is possible and what economic growth is. A few centuries ago, the only way to produce a book was for a scribe (抄写员) to copy it word-for-word by hand. Book production was a slow process; it took a scribe about eight months of daily work to produce a single copy of the Bible. It was so laborious that only very few books were produced. But then, in the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg developed a new production technology, and it changed things dramatically. Instead of spending months to produce one book, a worker was now able to produce several books a day. Books, which were previously only available to a tiny group, became available to more and more people. Actually, national economies change. Some economies slow; many others grow and more generally, some major political shifts take place. Yet when all of this is combined, the global average follows a remarkably smooth upward trend. 1. What’s the most striking feature of world economy? A. The slowdown of global growth after the 2008 financial crisis. B. The rapid growth of global growth due to technological progress. C. The permanent interruption to global growth by the 2020 pandemic. D. The relative consistency of global growth over the last three decades. 2. How does the author explain the concept of economic growth? A. By citing an expert. B. By listing definitions. C. By giving an example. D. By providing statistics. 3. What is the key factor that led to the dramatic change in book production? A. The emergence of workers. B. The printing press technology. C. The wide availability of paper. D. The growing number of scribes. B For years, the 3:00 PM school pickup was not a joyful reunion, but a constant exercise in emotional strength. It was a routine of small hopes quietly disappearing. Every single day, as my 11-year-old son, Leo, buckled his seat-belt, I would offer the same cheerful, practiced query: “How was your day?” And every single day, for years, the response was a carbon copy: “Fine, fine.” It was always delivered to the dashboard, to the window, to anywhere but me. No eye contact. No change in his voice. His autism (自闭症) created a sort of glass wall between us. Through it, I could see my boy, but I could never quite feel him reach back. The easy, simple talk that other parents seem to enjoy without a second thought felt like a dream. I felt like I was pouring years of love into an empty space, my constant efforts met with a peaceful, yet heartbreaking, apathy. I had quietly begun to accept that this silent barrier was simply our forever. But that early spring afternoon was unusual. I asked the same question, expecting nothing. “How was your day, Leo?” He buckled his belt. “Good, good.” he said. A change from the script, but I barely had time to register it. Then, he turned. For the first time in what felt like a lifetime, Leo looked directly at me. His eyes were clear, focused, and present. “How was your day, Mom?” The world seemed to stop spinning. The simple question — that tiny bridge he had built all on his own from his world to mine — was the most beautiful thing I had ever heard. It wasn’t just words; it was the answer to years of unseen patience My breath caught, and tears, hot and uncontrollable, streamed down my face. I gave him the only truth I had, “It’s really good, Leo.” I said, my voice cracking. “It’s the best day ever.” 4. Why did the mother keep asking her son the same question for years? A. She tried to cheer her son up. B. She enjoyed their daily routine. C. She longed for a real interaction. D. She felt sorry for her son’s condition. 5. What does the underlined word “apathy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Lack of interest. B. Loss of memory. C. Sign of respect. D. Sense of peace. 6. What made the spring afternoon unusual for the mother? A. Leo buckled his seat-belt himself. B. Leo showed active concern for her. C. Leo caught sight of her sudden tears. D. Leo listened to her with great patience. 7. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Clear Eyes, Full Heart B. Talk More, Love Better C. The Answer to Education D. A Reward of Patience C Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics. Despite being a relatively new area of study, it has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way. Genes don’t affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies — they work, in part, by shaping the environments we look for or produce. At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression. That’s not to say that any of it is their fault, just that the way we’re supported and the world we pilot are closely linked. Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the greater the influence that genetic variation has in sorting us into different categories. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. 8. Prior to the emergence of sociogenomics, it was widely believed that ________. A. genes and environment functioned separately B. there was no clear line between nature and nurture C. environment shaped our perception of who we are D. nature mattered more than nurture for personal growth 9. The underlined word “pernicious” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “________”. A. disastrous B. generative C. pointless D. questionable 10. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 11. Which of the following pictures correctly illustrates how nature and nurture make us who we are? A. B. C. D. D Most of us love natural things: the taste of raw fruits and vegetables, the warmth of the sun on our skin, etc. Often, we’re given a choice between certain things — such as foods, medicines or procedures — that are considered natural, and alternatives that are considered synthetic (合成的) or artificial, where the term “natural” refers to the absence of any form of human intervention. Here, too, the affinity for nature might help us some of the time. But it can also badly lead us in the wrong way. It seems that many of us have a tendency toward natural-is-better thinking. A recent research shows that people routinely demonstrate a naturalness bias. That is, they exhibit a fondness for natural options even when those options are not objectively better. For instance, in one study, participants tended to perceive cigarettes as less harmful if they were labelled “natural”, even though research does not support that perception. In another study, it was found that the majority of participants preferred a natural drug for treatment — and about 20% to 30% preferred it even when it was said to be less safe or less effective than a synthetic alternative. The naturalness bias could lead to risky choices. People might needlessly pay more for the same kind of product when it’s described as “natural”. Someone might eat more of a food that’s high in fat and sugar just because it’s considered natural and therefore perceived as healthier. Furthermore, naturalness bias may reduce people’s willingness to follow medical experts’ advice on vaccines and other treatments. Encouragingly, though, keeping in mind the naturalness bias and discussing it with others may help prevent it when making decisions. It may not matter much whether you unconsciously prefer an overpriced “natural” cleaning product. Yet it could matter greatly if your loved one is thinking of replacing synthetic treatment with supposedly “natural” one. In cases like these, putting in the time to read reliable sources and speak with qualified experts can help point to a decision that’s based on data, rather than a deceptively simple label. 12. What does the underlined word “affinity” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Respect. B. Demand. C. Curiosity. D. Preference. 13. Which of the following is a typical example of “naturalness bias”? A. Avoiding pre-prepared food. B. Rejecting all synthetic medicine. C. Enjoying natural light to get vitamins. D. Choosing organic apples for better tastes. 14. What does the author think of “naturalness bias”? A. Unexpected. B. Uncommon. C. Misleading. D. Misunderstood. 15. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To call for more attention. B. To offer practical advice. C. To show the risks of naturalness bias. D. To compare different situations. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分） 根据内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Art Builds Understanding Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. ____16____ It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. ____17____ This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. ___18___ In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas. ___19___ Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time. ___20___ What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. A. The viewers gain a new perspective on the story. B. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art. C. This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen. D. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work. E. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist. F. For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives. G. Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program. 第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In her small studio, Mia stared at the lump (块) of clay on the wheel. It was her tenth ____21____ this week, and still, the form refused to rise as she envisioned. Her hands, covered in ____22____ clay, trembled with exhaustion and frustration. A voice inside urged her to ____23____. Her grandfather, a retired potter, had once told her, “The clay tests your ____24____, not your soul. Every crack (裂缝) is a lesson, not a judgment,” Now, it felt like a ____25____. She took a deep breath, ____26____ the lump, and started again. This time, she focused not on the perfect vase in her mind, but on the ____27____ feedback of the clay beneath her fingers — its resistance, its moisture, its pace. Days turned into weeks. The pile of failed lumps in the corner ____28____. One afternoon, when she lifted the ____29____ vase — with slight imperfections that gave it character — she felt no urge to compare it to an ideal. It was simply ____30____. She placed it on her shelf, not as a proof of achievement, but as a(n) ____31____ of the journey itself. Months later, a visitor to her studio was ____32____ to that same vase. The real attraction wasn’t in the vase’s form, but in its making — in the silent ____33____ between doubt and persistence. The sale was unexpected, but the true reward was ____34____. She had learned that mastery is a conversation, not a conquest. The most beautiful creations, she realized, are often born from the ____35____ to simply begin again. 21. A. performance B. attempt C. play D. action 22. A. hard B. dry C. wet D. line 23. A. give up B. try out C. break off D. settle down 24. A. character B. skill C. talent D. value 25. A. warning B. barrier C. guide D. sign 26. A. removed B. recycled C. redistributed D. returned 27. A. final B. late C. slow D. immediate 28. A. grew B. remained C. disappeared D. arose 29. A. delicate B. fragile C. finished D. creative 30. A. honest B. abstract C. classic D. perfect 31. A. stage B. end C. destination D. reminder 32. A. led B. drawn C. instructed D. addicted 33. A. division B. conflict C. comparison D. dialogue 34. A. visible B. apparent C. internal D. impressive 35. A. courage B. freedom C. right D. ambition 第Ⅱ卷（共55分） 第二节 语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） There Are No Rules for Success “It’s the Worst Time to Be a College Graduate in Years,” reads a Newsweek headline. For 22-to 30-year old computer-science graduates, employment has been falling. Why? Is it ChatGPT? Late in the economic cycle? No matter, the unwritten social contract for success that ____36____ (impress) upon you — good grades, job loyalty, retirement account — feels completely broken. It may be time to create your own job. Careers ____37____ were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to ____38____ the world is headed is less risky than you think. Progress comes through surprises, not rules, with inventions no one ____39____ (think) possible. The telescope opened the skies. Gene (基因) editing was hard until Crispr technology simplified it. And it’s been less than three years ____40____ ChatGPT shocked the world with what it could do. Machine learning was researched for decades with little result, until back-propagation allowed voice and facial recognition. ____41____ of these were invented by following the rules, but by coloring outside the lines. Ignore those who tell you to take “____42____ (calculate) risks.” It’s the greatness of risk that provides the potential reward. Do you need universities? It is noted that college graduates have the same jobless rate as those who didn’t get a college degree. So why go? Since 2011, the Thiel Fellowship has paid smart young people $200,000 over two years ____43____ (build) new things instead of sitting in a classroom. I asked Peter Thiel how it was going. He pointed to more than 300 fellows who have created $750 billion ____44____ value. No one knows what’s next. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. You’ll make mistakes. You might even fail. So what? If your brain still functions, you can keep ____45____ (go) until you find success that surprises the world. There are no rules. Do your thing. Accomplish something. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校英语社将举办题目为“The Very Word That Best Describes My Senior Three”的征文比赛，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容如下： 1. 介绍你的年度词汇； 2. 说明理由和表达感悟。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The Very Word That Best Describes My Senior Three ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sumi was a single mother. Her daughter Anna has always been called “Number 23.” Every time the school released exam results, Anna would always end up in 23rd position among 50 pupils. Always 23, no matter how hard she pushed Anna. Every mention of this nickname gnawed at Sumi. One day, Sumi, along with Anna, was invited to a lively gathering of several friends and their families. The atmosphere was delightful and as the lunch came to a finish, a man playfully asked the youngsters what they aspired (有志成为) to be when they grew up. “I want to be a pianist!” “I want to be a famous actor!” “I want to be a politician!” “I’ll start a business and make tons of money!” One after another, the children voiced these bold, ambitious dreams, earning warm applause and compliments from the adults. Anna, however, simply smiled and clapped along, remaining silent. She was quietly occupied with serving soup and distributing cookies to the guests. Then, the man who had posed the question turned his gaze toward Anna and added, “Hey, our Anna hasn’t shared her dream yet. What do you want to be when you grow up?” Anna paused, and then, with a soft smile, replied, “Uncle, I want to be a primary school teacher. I love kids — telling them funny stories and teaching them how to make paper cuts. I just love dancing and singing and playing with them.” The room fell instantly silent. Sumi felt her heart sink. Later, boarding a rented bus for the return trip, Sumi stared out the window, a heavy cloud of disappointment settling over her. She had hoped Anna would dream bigger, not settle for such an ordinary life. As traffic thickened, the bus got fast stuck in a jam. Suddenly, two boys erupted into a full-blown quarrel over a single slice of dessert. No one could calm them down. To make matters worse, more kids on the bus began to get restless due to the jam. 注意： （1） 续写词数应为150左右； （2） 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: At that critical moment, Anna stepped in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Sumi excitedly called Anna a hero, but she shook her head gently. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $