内容正文:
Unit 5 A fine balance.Developing ideas知识清单
Part1语音知识
句子中的非重读单词(一)
1 什么是非重读(弱读)词?
非重读(弱读)词是句子中不承载核心语义的功能词(如 a/an、the、that、of 等),它们的作用是辅助构建句子结构,因此在实际语流中通常被轻读、快读(发音弱化、语速加快),使句子朗读更自然流畅。
2 常见弱读词及弱读发音
单词
重读发音
弱读发音
适用场景
a/an
/eɪ/ /æn/
/ə/ /ən/
作不定冠词时
the
/ðiː/
/ðə/
/ðiː/
作为普通冠词时
of
/ɒv/
/əv/
绝大多数情况下
that
/ðæt/
/ðət/
作从句引导词时非强调
读下面句子(斜体部分为弱读词)。
1. I need a pen for the exam.
弱读词及音标:a /ə/;for /fə/;the /ði/
2. She bought an apple and a banana.
弱读词及音标:an /ən/;and /ən/(口语中常省略/d/,读作/ən/);a /ə/
3. The book on the desk is mine.
弱读词及音标:The/ðə/;on/ən/(轻读,发音短促);the/ðə/
Part2 核心单词讲解
1 alarm /ə'lɑːm/ n. 警报;警报器
alarm 的常用短语:raise the alarm 发出警报;示警 set off the alarm 触发警报 alarm clock 闹钟
例:The fire alarm rang suddenly in the building.大楼里的火警警报突然响了。
We need to check the smoke alarm every month.我们每月都要检查烟雾报警器。
2 endangered /ɪn'deɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的,濒于灭绝的
endangered adj. 濒危的;濒于灭绝的,常见短语:
endangered species/animals/plants 濒危物种/ 动物/ 植物
become endangered 变得濒危
相关词汇:endanger v. 使遭危险 be endangered by 受到……的威胁/ 危害
例:We should protect endangered species from extinction. 我们应该保护濒危物种,避免它们灭绝。
The endangered African savanna elephant population declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. 濒危的非洲草原象数量在2007 至2014 年间减少了30%。
This bird species became endangered after its forest habitat was destroyed. 这种鸟类在其森林栖息地被破坏后变得濒危。
3 protection /prə'tekʃn/ n. 保护
protection 名词,意为“保护”,其他相关词有:protective 形容词,意为“保护的;防护的”。
protector 名词,意为“保护者”
protect 动词,意为“保护;防护”。
常用短语:protect the environment 保护环境 protect sb/sth from... 保护某人/ 某物免遭……
例:We need protection when riding a bike.骑自行车时我们需要保护措施。
Parents always give their children love and protection.父母总会给予孩子爱与保护。
The phone has a protective case. 手机有防护壳。
A guardian angel is a protector from heaven.守护天使是天堂的保护者。
It is our duty to protect the earth. 保护地球是我们的责任。
We must protect the forest from fire.我们必须保护那片森林免受火灾。
4 environmental /ɪnvaɪrən'mentl/ adj. 自然环境的
environmental 形容词, 意为“自然环境的”。
常见搭配:environmental protection 环境保护
environmental problems 环境问题
environmental pollution 环境污染
environmental safety 环境安全
其他相关词有:environment 名词,意为“环境”。
例:We should care about environmental issues.我们应该关心环境问题。
We should learn more about environmental protection.我们应该多学习环境保护相关知识。
Trees help the environment stay healthy.树木帮助环境保持健康。
5 population /pɒpju'leɪʃn/ n. 人口;动植物的总数
population 名词, 意为“人口;动植物的总数”。
population 常与定冠词the 连用,作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。当主语表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词多用复数形式。常见用法:
(1) population 多以单数形式出现, 指某个国家、地区或城市的人口。若以复数形式出现, 则指世界不同地区的人口。
(2) 表示“某地有多少人口”有两种表达方式:“The population of + 某地+ is + 数词.
“某地+ has a p opulation of + 数词.
(3) 询问“某地有多少人口”要用 what 或 how large 提问,不用 how many 或 how much 等短语。其结构为:“What’s the population of + 地点?”或“How large is the population of + 地点?”。
例:Pandas' population grows very slowly.熊猫的数量增长得很慢。
In many countries, the population is concentrated in the cities. 在许多国家,人口主要集中在城市里。
Many parts of the world have become deserts now, but they once had large populations and produced plenty of crops. 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多, 五谷丰登, 而如今却成了沙漠。
The population of China is about 1.4 billion at present.= China has a population of about 1.4 billion at present.中国目前大约有14 亿人口。
What's the population of Germany? = How large is the population of Germany? 德国的人口是多少?
6 undoubtedly /ʌn‘daʊtɪdli/ adv. 毫无疑问地,确定无疑地
undoubtedly 副词,意为“毫无疑问地、确定无疑地”,语气肯定,用于强调某事的确定性或真实性。
其同义表达有:(1)without doubt 毫无疑问(正式场合),介词短语,可单独作状语;可放在句首、句中或句末,句首最常用(需用逗号隔开)。(2)There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……(正式场合);固定主从复合句,that 后必须接从句(表达具体观点)。
例:Undoubtedly, we should protect endangered animals. 毫无疑问,我们应该保护濒危动物。
Without doubt, education is the key to social progress.毫无疑问,教育是社会进步的关键。
There is no doubt that renewable energy is the future.毫无疑问,可再生能源是未来的发展方向。
7 survival /sə'vaɪvl/ n. 继续生存;幸存
survival n. 继续生存,幸存,其相关短语有:the survival of... …… 的生存
the survival rate 存活率
struggle/fight for survival 为生存而抗争
survival skills 生存技能
相关词汇:survive v. 幸存;活下来;勉强维持 survivor n. 幸存者;生还者
例:He learned basic survival skills during a summer camp.他在一次夏令营期间学会了基本的生存技能
Many animals fight for survival in the wild.许多动物在野外为生存而抗争。
The survival of pandas depends on enough bamboo forests. 熊猫的生存依赖充足的竹林。
He was lucky to survive the car crash.他很幸运地在这场车祸中幸存了下来。
The survivors of the earthquake were sent to the hospital quickly. 地震中的幸存者被迅速送往了医院。
Part 3 核心短语
1 be home to 是……的所在地/ 家园;拥有……
be home to 意为“是……的所在地/ 家园;拥有……”,通常用于描述某地是某一特定事物的发源地或聚集地,可以指地理领域、生态领域或文化领域。home 前面不使用任何冠词。
例:The Amazon rainforest is home to thousands of plants and animals. 亚马孙雨林是成千上万动植物的栖息地。
The park is home to many birds. 公园是许多鸟类的家园。
Beijing is home to a wealth of Chinese culture and art.北京拥有丰富的中国文化和艺术资源。
2 because of 因为
辨析:because of 与because
because of
because of 是介词短语,后接名词、人称代词宾格,后面出现动词时要使用动名词形式。
because
because 是连词,用于连接一个完整的句子,表示原因。
例:He didn't go to school because of his illness.他因病没有去上学。
He was late for work because of helping an old man.他因为帮助一位老人而上班迟到了。
He had to look after his sister. He didn't go to the party because of her. 他得照顾妹妹。因为她,他没有去参加派对。
I stayed at home because I was too tired. 我待在家里因为我太累了。
3 set up 建立
set up 是一个“动词+ 副词”型短语,名词作宾语时通常放在后面,代词it 或them 作宾语时要放在两个词的中间。它的意思有:(1)建立或创建,表示组建公司、组织、团队等;(2)安排或准备,表示对会议、活动等进行前期筹备;(3)搭起或搭建,表示简单地搭起舞台、房屋、帐篷等。
例:They set up a small company last year.去年他们成立了一个小公司。
Let's set up a meeting for next Monday.我们准备下周一开个会吧。
These are the tents for the camping. Please set them up.这些是露营的帐篷。请把它们搭起来。
4 millions of数百万的
millions of意为“数百万的”,用于泛指一个非常大的数量,后面接可数名词复数。
例:Every year, light pollution causes the deaths of millions of birds.
5 be kept as pets被当作宠物饲养
例:Some foreigners even believe that pandas are kept as pets in China!
6 could not help doing忍不住做……
例:When people worldwide celebrated, they could not help asking.
7 play a... role(in...)(在......方面)发挥......作用
例:Increased education among the local people has also played an important role.
Part4 核心句子讲解
1 The Giant Panda National Park is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
长难句分析:这是一个“主语+ be 动词+倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as +比较对象”结构的同级比较句,核心用于表达“前者在尺寸、数量等方面是后者的几倍”。
2 As the forests have grown larger, the panda’s neighbours have also increased greatly in population.
长难句分析:这是一个复合句;As the forests have grown
larger是时间状语从句,As表“随着”;主句是主谓结构,主语the panda’s neighbours,谓语have increased,状语greatly in population。
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