专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编）八年级英语新教材人教版

**基本信息** 八年级下说明文阅读理解汇编，涵盖科技、青少年问题、社会文化、环保四大主题，精选多地区期末真题，素材贴近生活与时代，问题设计梯度分明。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|每篇4-5题，共12篇|细节理解（如AI应用实例）、主旨大意（如文章目的）、推理判断（如作者态度）|情境时代性（AI、双减政策）、文化传承（传统游戏、油纸伞）、问题层次分明（基础到提升）|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东省汕头市潮南区司马浦公校·期末） Artificial Intelligence, or Al, is a really cool technology that tries to copy how people think and do things. It’s becoming a big part of our lives, making things better in the world. ________ For example, you might have seen virtual assistants (虚拟助手) like Siri or Alexa on your phone or smart speaker. They use AI to answer questions, make plans, and play music. One of the best things about AI is that it can do many things on its own, which saves time and makes things work better. In business, AI tools help analyze lots of data (分析大量数据) quickly and give useful information to help companies succeed. AI isn’t just for business. For example, AI can help doctors diagnose (诊断) illnesses more rightly and quickly. It can also help banks tell fake money (假币) and stop some bad people taking away money. On the roads, AI can analyze information in real time to make traffic better. Although AI is very useful, it also brings some problems, like making people lose their jobs. So we must work hard to make sure AI is used in good ways and doesn’t hurt anyone. As AI grows and changes, it can make life simpler and bring us all closer together. Enjoying AI means we get to use smart machines that help us make a smarter and cooler world. Everything is possible. As we continue to develop Al, we’ll see even more amazing things that will improve our lives. 1．Which of the following can we put into the blank? A．AI will be more important than humans. B．AI mainly does some dangerous jobs. C．AI does lots of different things in our lives. D．AI will change the way we live in the future. 2．Which of the following best shows the good thing about AI according to Para 3? A．AI lets people no longer work hard every day. B．AI does things by itself faster and better. C．AI makes people smarter and smarter. D．AI makes traffic better with the help of a traffic police. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．AI’s wide use. B．The future of AI. C．Problems of AI. D．The relationship between humans and AI. 4．How does the writer like AI? A．Cheap but useless. B．Common but expensive. C．Useful but not common. D．Helpful but not perfect. 5．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the history of AI. B．To discuss the good and bad points of AI. C．To say we shouldn’t use AI in many places. D．To provide a way to solve the problems of AI. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能（AI）在我们生活中越来越广泛的应用，以及它带来的好处和问题，强调了人工智能的有用性和重要性，同时也提醒人们要正确使用它。 1．推理判断题。根据空后“For example, you might have seen virtual assistants (虚拟助手) like Siri or Alexa on your phone or smart speaker. They use AI to answer questions, make plans, and play music.”可知，此处举例说明人工智能在生活中可以做很多不同的事情，选项C“人工智能在我们的生活中做了很多不同的事情”符合语境。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the best things about AI is that it can do many things on its own, which saves time and makes things work better.”可知，人工智能最好的一点是它可以自己做很多事情，这节省了时间，使事情运转得更好，选项B“人工智能自己做事情更快更好”符合语境。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“AI isn’t just for business. For example, AI can help doctors diagnose (诊断) illnesses more rightly and quickly. It can also help banks tell fake money (假币) and stop some bad people taking away money. On the roads, AI can analyze information in real time to make traffic better.”可知，本段主要介绍了人工智能在商业、医疗、银行和交通等方面的广泛应用，选项A“人工智能的广泛应用”符合语境。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Although AI is very useful, it also brings some problems, like making people lose their jobs.”以及最后一段“As AI grows and changes, it can make life simpler and bring us all closer together.”可知，作者认为人工智能很有用，但也带来了一些问题，说明作者认为人工智能是有帮助但不完美的，选项D“有帮助但不完美”符合语境。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能的优点和缺点，选项B“讨论人工智能的优缺点”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省宁波市海曙区·期末） Can you imagine doctors finding illnesses before you feel sick? Do you think it possible for Artificial Intelligence (AI) changing the way of healthcare? As a matter of fact, AI is developing fast and making it possible. Think of AI as a super health detective (侦探) . It can check huge amounts of health information much faster than any person. This helps find hidden patterns and predict illnesses better. For example, AI helps doctors read X-rays and scans super-fast, finding tiny problems early. This means faster help for patients. AI can also be your personal health coach. Smartwatches and health apps use AI to record your sleep, activity, and body signals. They can warn you about possible health risks and give healthy tips. Soon, even a simple, cheap AI eye scan might tell if someone could get diabetes (糖尿病)! AI helps doctors choose the best medicine just for you. By studying your health records and millions of medical studies, AI can predict how well different treatments will work for your body. It also helps scientists discover new drugs faster. AI makes hospitals work better and fairer. It handles boring paperwork, helps doctors diagnose (诊断) faster, and shortens waiting time. Most importantly, AI can bring expert medical knowledge to people living in remote (偏远的) villages with few doctors, using phones or computers. Affordable AI tools mean important health information can reach everyone, everywhere. In all, by using AI safely and fairly, we can build a healthier, smarter, and more equal world for all. The future of health is bright! 1．How does the writer start this article? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving examples. C．By using numbers. D．By asking questions. 2．According to Para. 2, in which order does AI’s “health detective” work? ①Predicting illnesses    ②Finding hidden patterns ③Checking health information    ④Helping faster diagnosis A．③→②→①→④ B．②→①→④→③ C．①→③→②→④ D．④→②→③→① 3．In which way does AI make healthcare “fairer”? A．Reducing all hospital costs. B．Arriving at the remote villages. C．Taking the place of human doctors. D．Making all illnesses disappear. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Smartwatches and Future Medicine B．How Doctors Use Technology C．AI Improves Healthcare Greatly D．The Dangers of Artificial Intelligence 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人工智能在医疗健康领域的多方面应用及其带来的变革。 1．细节理解题。根据“Can you imagine doctors finding illnesses before you feel sick? Do you think it possible for Artificial Intelligence (AI) changing the way of healthcare?”可知，文章通过提问的方式引出主题，即人工智能在医疗健康领域的应用。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Think of AI as a super health detective (侦探) . It can check huge amounts of health information much faster than any person. This helps find hidden patterns and predict illnesses better. For example, AI helps doctors read X-rays and scans super-fast, finding tiny problems early. This means faster help for patients.”可知，AI作为健康侦探的工作顺序是：首先检查健康信息，然后发现隐藏的模式，接着预测疾病，最后帮助医生更快地进行诊断。因此，正确的顺序是③→②→①→④。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Most importantly, AI can bring expert medical knowledge to people living in remote (偏远的) villages with few doctors, using phones or computers. Affordable AI tools mean important health information can reach everyone, everywhere.”可知，AI通过手机或电脑将专家医疗知识带到偏远村庄，使得医疗资源更加公平地分配。因此，AI使医疗保健更加“公平”的方式是到达偏远村庄。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了人工智能在医疗健康领域的多方面应用，包括作为健康侦探、个性化健康指导、药物选择、医院运营优化以及医疗资源公平分配等，这些应用都极大地改善了医疗保健。因此，最佳标题是“人工智能极大地改善了医疗保健”。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·湖南省邵阳市武冈市·期末） What’s going to happen in the future? Will robots control our planet? Will computers become smarter than us? Not likely, but here are some things that scientists say are most likely to happen in 10—30 years from now, according to the BBC． Bionic (仿生的) Eyes They are no longer something only in a science fiction movie. People who are blind may have a chance to see things clearly by wearing bionic eyes. A blind eye can no longer sense light, but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send information to the mind. Now the bionic eye only allows patients to see lights and unclear shapes. A bionic eye with very clear pictures could be just in a few years away. Digital Money We used to pay with cash for everything we bought. Now we can use WeChat Pay or Alipay to shop. Money is spent without us seeing it. That means we are already using digital money. People only need to take a mobile phone wherever they go. Using these ways is much easier than searching our pockets for change. It is also safer than carrying a lot of cash. It’s reported that people in Sweden completely stopped using cash last year, and the US might be next. Self-driving Cars Unlike a human driver, a self-driving car won’t be influenced by a phone call, the radio or something outside the window. Sensors (探测器) and cameras on the car would allow it to follow the rules of the road strictly and keep a safe space from other cars. This would greatly make the number of road accidents smaller. You could even take a short rest while the car drives itself. In the future, driver-less cars would be widely accepted. 1．Where do bionic eyes send information to? A．Mind. B．Camera. C．Computer. 2．Which of the following ways of payment is not mentioned in this passage? A．Credit cards. B．WeChat Pay. C．Alipay. 3．From the report, we can learn some information about ________. A．industry and farming B．traffic and journey C．science and technology 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Bionic eyes only appear in the science fiction films. B．The blind wearing bionic eyes may see clearly in the future. C．Self-driving cars will be influenced by something outside. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们预测的未来10到30年内可能发生的科技发展，包括仿生眼、数字货币和自动驾驶汽车等，展示了科技对未来生活的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A blind eye can no longer sense light, but a bionic eye can use a camera to ‘see’ the environment and send information to the mind.”可知，仿生眼可以使用相机“看”环境，并将信息发送到大脑。因此，仿生眼是将信息发送到大脑。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now we can use WeChat Pay or Alipay to shop.”可知，文章提到了使用微信支付和支付宝购物，但没有提到信用卡支付。因此，选项A“Credit cards”是未被提及的支付方式。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But here are some things that scientists say are most likely to happen in 10—30 years from now, according to the BBC.”以及后文介绍的仿生眼、数字货币和自动驾驶汽车等内容可知，文章主要介绍了与科学技术相关的信息。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“People who are blind may have a chance to see things clearly by wearing bionic eyes.”以及“A bionic eye with very clear pictures could be just in a few years away.”可知，盲人戴上仿生眼可能在未来能够清晰地看到事物，并且清晰图像的仿生眼可能在未来几年内出现。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——青少年问题 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·湖南省怀化市洪江市·期末） According to a report, Chinese people are getting 1.5 hours less sleep a day than 10 years ago. From 8.5 hours in 2012 to just seven hours last year. One researcher said, “People are facing a lot of information, especially on the Internet and their phones.” Surfing the Internet, long work or study hours and sleeping problems are many reasons for short sleep hours, according to the report. After the “double reduction” policy (双减政策) came out, many parents said their children went to bed earlier, but some still thought their children couldn’t get eight hours of sleep. The report said that more than 60% of students use smartphones, play games and watch TV shows when they should be sleeping. Entertainment (娱乐) becomes the main reason for those students staying up late. So parents should pay attention to (关注) their children’s activities at night. 1．How long did Chinese people sleep every day last year? A．8.5 hours. B．1.5 hours. C．7 hours. 2．According to Paragraph Two, what are the main reasons for short sleep hours EXCEPT (除了) ________. A．surfing the Internet B．exercise C．sleeping problems 3．Why do some students stay up late after the “double reduction” policy? A．To study. B．To do housework. C．For entertainment. 4．What is the best title (标题) of the passage? A．How to get enough sleep. B．The main reasons for less sleep. C．Sleeping problems. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了导致中国人睡眠时间减少的原因以及双减政策实施后，部分学生仍然睡眠不足八小时的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“From 8.5 hours in 2012 to just seven hours last year.”可知，去年中国人每天睡7小时。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Surfing the Internet, long work or study hours and sleeping problems are many reasons for short sleep hours, according to the report.”可知，上网、长时间工作或学习以及睡眠问题是睡眠时间短的原因，没有提到锻炼。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Entertainment (娱乐) becomes the main reason for those students staying up late.”可知，娱乐成为一些学生熬夜的主要原因。故选C。 4．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了导致中国人睡眠时间减少的原因以及双减政策实施后，部分学生仍然睡眠不足八小时的原因。因此，选项B“更少睡眠的主要原因”是最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河南省安阳市滑县·期末） Keeping healthy is very important for us. Here are some useful tips to help us stay healthy. Tips Details Balanced Diet Eat different kinds of food, like fruits, vegetables, grains, meat and milk. Don't eat too much junk food. Exercise Do sports for at least one hour every day. You can run, swim, play basketball or ride a bike. Sleep Go to bed early and get up early. Try to sleep for 8 to 9 hours every night. Mental Health Talk to your parents, teachers or friends when you feel stressed. Smile often and keep a happy mood. Let's follow these tips and enjoy a healthy life! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How long should we do sports every day? A．For at least thirty minutes. B．For at least one hour. C．For at least two hours. D．For at least three hours. 2．Which of the following is NOT healthy food? A．Apples. B．Hamburgers. C．Carrots. D．Milk. 3．How many hours should we sleep every night? A．For 6 to 7 hours. B．For 7 to 8 hours. C．For 8 to 9 hours. D．For 9 to 10 hours. 4．What should we do when we feel stressed? A．Talk to our family or friends. B．Eat a lot of junk food. C．Stay up late at night. D．Keep the feelings to ourselves. 5．What's the best title for this passage? A．How to Study Well B．How to Make Friends C．How to Do Sports D．A Guide to a Healthy Life 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了保持健康的一些方法，包括均衡饮食、每天运动至少一小时、保证8到9小时睡眠以及注重心理健康等。 1． 细节理解题。根据“Exercise”部分中“Do sports for at least one hour every day.”可知，每天至少运动一小时。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Balanced Diet”部分中“Don't eat too much junk food.”及常识可知，汉堡（Hamburgers）属于垃圾食品，不属于健康食物。故选B。 3． 细节理解题。根据“Sleep”部分中“Try to sleep for 8 to 9 hours every night.”可知，每晚应睡8到9小时。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Mental Health”部分中“Talk to your parents, teachers or friends when you feel stressed.”可知，感到压力时应与家人或朋友交谈。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕保持健康的饮食、运动、睡眠和心理健康建议展开，旨在提供健康生活指南。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省诸暨市·期末） Hi, I’m DeepSeek. How can I help you today? I do whatever my parents, teachers and even friends tell me to do. I am used to saying “yes” to everything. But I am not always happy about this. I just can’t say “no”. I wish I could change. —Tina Give yourself permission (允许) to say “no”. Keep in mind that if they care about you, they will respect (尊重) your decision. Secondly, saying “no” politely is a good way to refuse someone. I always worry about what other people think about me. Sometimes, I even think that I am not good enough for other people. I wish I could spend less time caring about others’ opinions. —Jack Learn to accept who you are. Do the things you are good at and be with the people who love you instead. Remember you can’t change the way other people react (反应) to you. I want to be a dancer, but my parents don’t agree with me. My parents always tell me what to do and don’t care about my opinion. I just want to be myself. —Sally Try to look at things from your parents’ side, because they are trying to guide you. If you feel that your parents’ decision is unfair, you should talk about it. By coming up with a proper reason and sharing your feelings, you may change their minds. 1．What is Tina’s problem? A．She cares about what others think. B．She doesn’t know how to refuse others. C．Her parents don’t care about her ideas. D．She is not good enough for other people. 2．—What does DeepSeek want Jack to do? —It wants Jack to _________. A．believe in himself B．be friendly to others C．say “no” to others bravely D．care about others’ opinions 3．What is the main problem of the three students? A．They face challenges in their study. B．They don’t understand their parents. C．They spend too much time on their hobbies. D．They have problems in relationships with others. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇对话，三位学生分别向DeepSeek倾诉了自己在人际关系中的困扰，并得到了对应的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据Tina的话“I am used to saying ‘yes’ to everything. But I am not always happy about this. I just can not say ‘no’.”可知，她的问题是不会拒绝别人，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据DeepSeek对Jack的建议“Learn to accept who you are.”和“Remember you can’t change the way other people react to you.”可知，建议是要接受自己，相信自己，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“I just can’t say ‘no’.”；“I always worry about what other people think about me.”及“My parents always tell me what to do and don’t care about my opinion.”可知，三位同学都在与他人相处或交流的过程中遇到困扰，属于人际关系问题。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河南省焦作市·期末） During ancient times, children had no smart phones or computers to have fun. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood. Playing hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to play a trick on (捉弄) him or others hide and one child must try to find them. Flying kitesKites have quite a long history in China. The earliest kites weren’t paper kites. They were wood instead. Now, the most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own character. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings (翅膀) is a special kind of the Beijing kite. Watching shadow plays (皮影戏)The most similar thing to watching a film during ancient times was to see a shadow play. The artists controlled puppets (木偶) behind the screen to make them move like people and tell stories. People liked listening to the music and enjoyed the beautiful puppets. Kicking stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Children kicked stone balls with feet. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How can kids play hide-and-seek? A．One plays and others watch. B．One must cry and others laugh. C．One runs and others try to catch. D．One tries to find and others hide. 2．What is the difference between modern and ancient kites? A．There are only three kinds of kites left now. B．Beijing style kites are the most famous now. C．People use different things to make kites now. D．Flying kites is no longer a traditional game now. 3．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．People. B．Puppets. C．Artists. D．Stories. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．People could enjoy music while watching shadow plays. B．Tianjin is famous for the bird-shaped kites with long wings. C．Kicking a stone ball was a popular game before the Qing Dynasty. D．All the children must cover their eyes while playing hide-and-seek. 5．In which part of a magazine can you read the text? A．Travel. B．Nature. C．Culture. D．Science. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代儿童玩的四种传统游戏：捉迷藏、放风筝、看皮影戏和踢石球。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to play a trick on him or others hide and one child must try to find them.”可知，捉迷藏的两种玩法：一种是蒙住一个孩子的眼睛，其他孩子跑来捉弄他；另一种是其他人躲藏，一个孩子去找他们。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The earliest kites weren’t paper kites. They were wood instead.”可知，古代风筝是用木头制作的，而现代风筝多用纸或其他材料制作。即现在人们用不同的材料制作风筝。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The artists controlled puppets behind the screen to make them move like people…”可知，艺术家们控制屏幕后面的木偶，使它们像人一样移动。“them”指代前文提到的“木偶”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“People liked listening to the music and enjoyed the beautiful puppets.”可知，人们在看皮影戏时可以欣赏音乐。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍古代传统游戏，属于文化类内容。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖北省襄阳市老河口市·期末） During ancient times, children didn't have smart phones, iPads or computers to have fun when they felt bored. Instead, they came up with interesting activities in their childhood. During the Qing Dynasty, kicking (踢) a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm. Playing Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to play with him or more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them. Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own feature (特征). For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite. The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. The artists control puppets (木偶) behind the screen and tell stories to the music.   1．In ancient times, what game did kids play on cold days? A．Flying kites B．Playing hide-and seek. C．Kicking a stone ball D．Watching shadow plays. 2．How many ways are mentioned to play hide-and-seek in the passage? A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 3．Where was the bird-shaped kite from? A．Beijing. B．Weifang. C．Tianjin. D．Nanjing. 4．If children in ancient China wanted to “watch a film”, they could choose________. A．Flying kites B．Playing hide-and seek. C．Kicking a stone ball D．Watching shadow plays. 5．Which of the following is the passage probably from? A．A storybook about magic B．A comic book about brave kids C．A book about modern China D．A book about traditional Chinese culture 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代中国孩子们在没有智能手机、iPad或电脑等现代娱乐工具的情况下，所进行的一些有趣传统活动，包括踢石球、捉迷藏、放风筝和看皮影戏。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm.”可知，在古代，孩子们在寒冷的日子里踢石球来取暖。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to play with him or more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them.”可知，文中提到了两种捉迷藏的玩法。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.”可知，鸟形风筝是北京风筝的一种特殊类型。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play.”可知，古代中国孩子们如果想“看电影”，可以选择看皮影戏。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据全文内容，介绍了古代中国孩子们的传统游戏和活动，如踢石球、捉迷藏、放风筝和看皮影戏，这些都属于中国传统文化的一部分。因此，这篇文章可能来自一本关于中国传统文化的书。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·湖南省怀化市·期末） The oil-paper umbrella is a beautiful and traditional Chinese art. It started in the Han Dynasty and was first made to protect people from the sun and rain. Later, during the Tang and Song dynasties, it became a kind of art. These umbrellas are made of bamboo and paper. The paper is brushed with fung oil to make it waterproof (防水的). Making one umbrella takes a lot of time and care, which needs over 70 steps! Artists choose strong bamboo, shape it carefully, and put up hand-made paper on top. They often paint flowers or birds to decorate the umbrella, turning it into a small piece of art. In Chinese culture, the umbrella shows the idea of Yin and Yang. In old times, red oil-paper umbrellas were used in weddings (婚礼) to bring good luck. Today, people are bringing this old art back by adding modern designs (设计) and materials, making it popular again in China and around the world. Wen Shishan, a 59-year-old man in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has been making oil-paper umbrellas for over 30 years. His oil-paper umbrellas are not only popular among young people, but also have been sold to other countries such as Japan, South Korea and the US. 1．When was the oil-paper umbrella first made? A．In Han Dynasty. B．In Tang Dynasty. C．In Song Dynasty. 2．What does the underlined word “decorate” mean in Chinese? A．组成 B．展现 C．装饰 3．How long has Wen Shishan been making oil-paper umbrellas? A．For over 20 years. B．For less than 30 years. C．For more than 30 years. 4．Why does the writer write about Wen Shishan in the passage? A．To show that only old people can make oil-paper umbrellas. B．To show that oil-paper umbrellas are becoming popular again. C．To show that Hangzhou is the only place to make such umbrellas. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了油纸伞的发展历史。 1．细节理解题。根据“It started in the Han Dynasty”可知，油纸伞最早是在汉朝被制造出来的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“They often paint flowers or birds to decorate the umbrella, turning it into a small piece of art.”可知，艺术家经常在伞上画上花朵或鸟儿的目的是为了装饰伞，划线部分单词意为“装饰”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Wen Shishan, a 59-year-old man in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has been making oil-paper umbrellas for over 30 years.”可知，他做伞有三十多年了。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“His oil-paper umbrellas are not only popular among young people, but also have been sold to other countries such as Japan, South Korea and the US.”可知，他的油纸伞不仅受到年轻人的欢迎，还销往日本、韩国和美国等其他国家，所以作者提及他是为了说明油纸伞又开始流行起来了。故选B。 主题04 人与自我——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·安徽滁州市·期末） At 8, 848. 86 meters high, Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on the earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags. According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain. To reduce (减少) rubbish, China limited (限制) the number of people who would be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people would be allowed to climb it every year, and only during spring. Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5, 200 meters. They collected about 8. 4 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish. This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean-up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort (分类), recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain. 1．What problem are parts of Qomolangma facing? A．Noise. B．Rubbish. C．Air pollution. D．Water pollution. 2．How many people will be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain during spring every year? A．140. B．300. C．5, 200. D．4 million. 3．What does the underlined word “removing” mean? A．Running out of. B．Making better. C．Putting on. D．Taking away. 4．What’s the artists’ purpose (目的) of showing their art works? A．To teach people to make works of art. B．To help people to know about Qomolangma. C．To encourage people to clean up Qomolangma. D．To remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文围绕珠穆朗玛峰面临的垃圾问题展开，介绍每年大量游客丢弃垃圾，珠峰部分区域垃圾堆积。为减少垃圾，中国限制春季攀登北侧的人数，当地开展清理活动，包括设置站点分类回收垃圾，还提及艺术家将垃圾制成艺术品，提醒人们登山时别乱扔垃圾。 1．细节理解题。根据“While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish.”可知，提到面临垃圾问题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Only 300 people would be allowed to climb it every year, and only during spring.”可知，每年春季允许300人攀登。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish.”，“cleaned the mountain”以及“collected rubbish”可知，removing是清除垃圾的意思，与Taking away同义。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.”可知，目的是提醒人们登山时别扔垃圾。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖南省长沙市浏阳市·期末） Think about a world without insects (昆虫). It might sound nice at first. There would be no flies in your room. But in fact, this could be really bad news. The number of insects is less and less, according to British biologist Dave Goulson. “In the 27 years from 1989 to 2016, the number of insects fell by 75 percent,” Goulson wrote. Scientists say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides (农药). They are bad for the places that insects live in. What would happen without insects? It’s almost impossible to give an answer, but the results would be far-reaching. We need insects to pollinate crops (给庄稼授粉). They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil healthy and do much more. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat. They would go hungry and die. The ecosystem (生态系统) would be off balance. The first step to stop this is to let more people understand “the values (价值) of the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake (好处)”. Goulson said, “The best place to start is with our children. We should encourage them to protect the environment from an early age.” 1．What’s the function (功能) of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the real reason. B．To lead to the topic of this passage. C．To explain the background of the story. 2．What does the underlined word “this” mean in the last paragraph? A．Danger to the ecosystem. B．Insect activity. C．The use of pesticides. 3．What’s one of the roles of the insects? A．They live in bad places. B．They keep the soil healthy. C．They go hungry and die. 4．What is the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To make readers learn from insects. B．To help animals live better and better. C．To call on people to protect the environment. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了昆虫数量减少的现状、原因及其对生态系统的深远影响，并呼吁人们重视自然价值、保护环境。 1．推理判断题。根据“Think about a world without insects (昆虫)…But in fact, this could be really bad news.”可知，本段通过对比引入话题，引出后文对昆虫重要性的讨论。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The ecosystem (生态系统) would be off balance.”以及“The first step to stop this is to let more people understand ‘the values (价值) of the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake (好处)’”可知，生态系统将失去平衡，以及文章介绍阻止这种情况的第一步。“this”指代的是昆虫减少对生态系统的威胁。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“We need them to keep the soil healthy and do much more.”可知，昆虫的功能之一是维护土壤健康。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“We should encourage them to protect the environment from an early age.”及全文对昆虫价值的分析可知，作者旨在呼吁环保。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·安徽省安庆市潜山市·期末） Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Men have been polluting the earth. Many years ago, the pollution was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, men moved to another place. Air pollution is now the most serious. Air makes people sick. And lots of people now are trying to use something to clear the air. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight air pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is true that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution. Although most of the pollution is caused by us, we are the ones who can change the situation. The earth is our home. We must take care of it. And we must pay more attention to the information about pollution at the same time. 1．Why was the pollution in the past less serious? A．Because life in the past was easier. B．Because there were not so many people. C．Because men stayed in one place. D．Because people used less coal to make fire. 2．According to the passage, which kind of pollution is the most serious? A．Air pollution. B．Noise pollution. C．Light pollution. D．Water pollution. 3．What is the best title of the passage? A．A Smaller and Easier World B．Take Care of Our Earth C．Heavy and Dangerous Traffic D．The Danger of Pollution 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了现代生活虽然便利但带来了污染问题，重点分析了空气污染的严重性，并呼吁人类采取行动保护地球。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many years ago, the pollution was not so serious because there were not so many people.”可知，过去污染较轻的原因是人口较少。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Air pollution is now the most serious.”可知，空气污染是目前最严重的。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文并根据“The earth is our home. We must take care of it.”可知，全文围绕污染问题及人类责任展开，因此标题应体现保护地球的核心思想。选项B“呵护我们的地球”最贴合主旨，最适合当标题。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——青少年问题 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·福建省厦门市集美区·期末） In China, AI pets become more and more popular with children. These special toys can talk, play games, tell stories, and even understand how kids feel. For example, BooBoo, which looks like a guinea pig (豚鼠), came out in May 2024. Within just a few months, over 1,000 units of BooBoo were sold. This shows that kids really love these smart pets. Many kids in cities feel lonely because they don’t have enough friends. Besides, their parents are busy and have little time to spend with them. In this case, AI pets become the ones that kids can talk to and play with. That’s why AI pets then get popular. Unlike real pets, AI pets are also easy to take care of. They don’t need food, walks, or baths. A survey shows that 70% of AI pet buyers are families with young children. Parents think these pets can help their kids learn and feel better. AI pets are designed to (被设计来……) improve children’s mental health. For example, a 19-year-old Chinese student, Zhang Yachun used to feel very worried and stressed about her schoolwork. But after getting BooBoo, an AI pet that can talk and interact (互动) with people, she feels less stressed and not lonely anymore. While some people believe AI pets are good for children’s mental health since they can help kids practice talking and sharing their feelings, others think real friends and pets are still better. But the truth is no matter a real person or a smart pet, having a friend can make a big difference. If you ever feel worried or lonely, try talking to someone you trust, doing fun activities, or staying active. 1．Paragraph 1 is mainly about the ________ of AI pets. A．popularity B．ability C．look D．design 2．Kids like AI pets because ________. A．they don’t need any care B．they can lower loneliness C．they can improve grades D．they are real friends to talk to 3．Zhang Yachun’s example is to show that ________. A．most kids are under pressure B．kids like to play with AI pets C．AI pets free kids from schoolwork D．AI pets help with mental health 4．What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A．Kids don’t need real friends. B．Real pets are more helpful. C．Friends, real or AI, can help kids. D．AI pets are better than real friends. 5．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ________. A．describe how AI pets work B．learn how to design AI Pets C．compare AI pets with real ones D．explain AI pets’ help for kids 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍人工智能宠物为何流行以及它们对孩子的帮助。 1．主旨大意题。分析第一段内容可知，本段强调人工智能宠物的受欢迎程度，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Many kids in cities feel lonely because they don’t have enough friends. Besides, their parents are busy and have little time to spend with them.”可知，孩子们喜欢人工智能宠物，因为它们能够减轻孤独感。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“AI pets are designed to (被设计来……) improve children’s mental health.”可知，张的例子表明，人工智能宠物有助于改善心理健康。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“While some people believe AI pets... But the truth is no matter a real person or a smart pet, having a friend can make a big difference.”可知，无论是真实的朋友还是人工智能的朋友，都能帮助孩子们。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍人工智能宠物为何流行以及它们对孩子的帮助，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄市赞皇县·期末） Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates. Liu Wei, a junior 2 student from Zhengzhou, could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife. Another student, 14-year-old Yan Fang from Guangzhou, was afraid of exams. She got very worried in one exam, and when she looked at the exam paper, she couldn’t think of anything to write. A recent report from Jie fang Daily says about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental (心理的) problems. Liang Youzhu, an expert on teenagers from Beijing Adding Hospital has the following advice for teenagers: ●Talk to your parents or teachers often. ●Take part in group activities and play sports. ●Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell. 1．The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have ________. A．mental problems B．a headache C．no friends D．problems with their parents 2．Liu Wei cut his finger with a knife because ________. A．he could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in lessons B．he wanted to frighten his parents C．he was so worried about his parents D．he was good at lessons 3．Yan Fang’s problems happened whenever ________. A．she studied very hard B．she had exams C．she talked with her parents D．she had lessons 4．Liang Youzhu’s advice tells us that ________. A．it’s better for the students who have mental problems to stay alone at home B．it’s unnecessary for them to be with others C．group activities and sports can help them D．talk to classmates can be helpful 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了学生的一些问题，列举了刘伟、严芳的事例，还提及上海青少年心理问题的比例及专家给青少年的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.”可知，学业压力和人际关系都与年轻人可能有心理问题相关。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Liu Wei, a junior 2 student from Zhengzhou, could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife.”可知，刘伟因听不懂老师讲课且成绩差而焦虑到自我伤害。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“She got very worried in one exam, and when she looked at the exam paper, she couldn’t think of anything to write.”可知，严芳考试的时候，她的问题就会出现。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Take part in group activities and play sports.”可知，专家建议可以参加集体活动并进行体育锻炼。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄第二十二中学·期末） We have more or less trouble to face in our life. These things may give you too much stress which is bad for your development. What can you do to solve this kind of problem? As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list. You have a lot of schoolwork to do every day. Although your scores are not terrible, you may still worry that you are not as high as you have expected. Why not make a daily or weekly plan in such a case? In this way, you can save more time to study and even avoid being too tired by taking some breaks. Don’t be too strict with yourself. Just do what you can do. If you meet something beyond (超越) your ability, just go to your teacher for help—pick his or her brain or make any questions you don’t understand clearly. Have you ever been worried about not having many friends in school or not being in the same class with your best friends? Having a bad relationship with new classmates is also our common stress. It is important to choose your circle of friends. Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends in after-school activities. Make plans to meet your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is different—do not compare yourself with others. You’ll be less stressed that way. Unhealthy eating habits and lack (缺乏) of sleep can also lead to stress. You are what you eat. Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy. Set a certain time to go to bed every night. Don’t play computer or mobile games before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problem continues. The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try the above advice right away. 1．Which is the most stressful for a student according to the passage? A．Poor eating habits and short of sleep. B．Not getting along well with new classmates. C．Failure to have enough friends in school. D．Dealing with schoolwork and getting high scores. 2．What does the writer advise students to do to solve friendship problems? A．Change classes to be with best friends. B．Avoid talking to new classmates. C．Make friends in after-school activities. D．Try to be exactly like other students. 3．What does the phrase “You are what you eat” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Eating habits show your personality. B．Food choices influence your health. C．Cooking skills are important. D．Healthy food tastes bad. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to common stress. B．Suggestions for making friends. C．Answers to develop good habits. D．Ways of dealing with different students stress. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了学生面临的学业、友谊、饮食和睡眠等方面的压力，给出了相应的应对建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list.”可知，对学生来说，处理学业和取得好成绩是最有压力的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends in after-school activities.”可知，作者建议学生在课外活动中交朋友来解决友谊问题。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy”和第四段内容可知，主要围绕不健康的饮食习惯和睡眠不足会导致压力展开，由此可推测“You are what you eat”意为食物选择会影响你的健康。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“We have more or less trouble to face in our life.”并通读全文可知，文章开头提出生活中会遇到压力，接着分别从学业、友谊、饮食习惯和睡眠三个方面介绍了学生常见的压力，并给出了相应的解决建议，最后总结成功应对压力会让自己感觉更好。因此，本文主要讲的是应对不同学生压力的方法。故选D。 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·湖北省宜昌市当阳市·期末） Tai Chi is a soft exercise from China. It uses slow movements, deep breathing, and peaceful thinking together. It helps join your mind and body. It comes from old Chinese traditions like fighting exercises (格斗术) and self-defense (自卫术). In 2020, UNESCO put it on a special list of important world traditions. People don’t know exactly when Tai Chi started. Around the 13th century, an old Chinese teacher named Zhang Sanfeng might have made it. He studied different fighting exercises. But the Tai Chi we know today started later. Now, people mostly use it for health. Groups who like sports have changed it a little for shows and competitions. It became popular outside China in the 1900s. By the late 1950s, people in Europe and North America started doing it. Today, many people learn Tai Chi from books, online videos and classes. Places like the China Cultural Center in New Zealand use TikTok and YouTube to teach it to more people. Tai Chi is famous for making people feel better. It helps you balance better, move easily and get stronger. It also makes you feel less worried or sad. What’s more, it is safe for everyone—young and old while doing Tai Chi, especially for older people or people who are not well. In China, Tai Chi is very important. People do it as exercise, art and quiet thinking. It shows the Chinese idea of balance of yin and yang. Now, people everywhere do Tai Chi as well as learn about Chinese ideas. 1．What is Tai Chi mainly used for today? A．For fights. B．For shows. C．For health. D．For competitions. 2．What does Tai Chi show the Chinese idea of? A．Important exercise in life. B．Balance of yin and yang. C．Communications with others. D．Traditional customs from ancient China. 3．Why might Tai Chi be good for older people? A．It uses slow movements. B．It teaches fighting skills well. C．It needs very fast movements. D．It can help to learn self-defense. 4．How do people learn Tai Chi today? A．Only from old Chinese books. B．Through online videos and classes. C．By watching sports competitions only. D．By traveling to Europe and North America. 5．Which part of newspaper is the passage probably from? A．Movie review. B．Social news. C．Travel plan. D．Sports and games. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了太极的起源、发展、作用以及人们学习太极的方式等内容。 【详解】131．细节理解题。根据“But the Tai Chi we know today started later. Now, people mostly use it for health.”可知，如今太极主要用于养生保健。故选C。 1．细节理解题。根据“It shows the Chinese idea of balance of yin and yang.”可知，太极体现了中国人阴阳平衡的理念。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Tai Chi is a soft exercise from China. It uses slow movements, deep breathing, and peaceful thinking together.”和“What’s more, it is safe for everyone...especially for older people or people who are not well.”可知，太极动作缓慢，对老年人安全有益，所以适合老年人。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Today, many people learn Tai Chi from books, online videos and classes.”可知，人们如今通过在线视频和课程等学习太极。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕太极这一体育运动展开，介绍其起源、作用、学习方式等，所以可能来自报纸的“体育与运动”板块。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·安徽省安庆市桐城市·期末） Health is very important to everyone. Different people have their own ways to keep fit. A lot of people like running on the treadmills (跑步机). But it is not a good way to make you strong and healthy. Here are some reasons why you should run outdoors but not on the treadmills. It costs you a lot of money to buy a treadmill. You can run outdoors, and it costs you nothing! Walk outside and the whole world is your treadmill. If you don’t mind getting a little dirty, outdoor activities will help you. Treadmills can become boring. You are limited (被限制) to what’s in front of you. Running and exercising outside provides a beautiful scenery (风景). Studies show that just looking at photos of nature can lower blood pressure (降低血压), so imagine what running through it will do. The fresh air and the unpolluted nature will also make you run more easily. You burn (燃烧) more calories running outside than you do on a treadmill, because you have to work harder in order to move your body. When you run on a treadmill, you only move your legs. But when exercising outside, you must move your legs and your hands and so on. Why not go for a run outdoors? Come on! 1．What can’t running outside provide? A．Clean water. B．The unpolluted nature. C．Fresh air. D．Beautiful scenery. 2．Which is RIGHT about the effect of running in nature according to the passage? A．It’s more tiring than running indoors. B．It’s less beneficial for health. C．It can help reduce blood pressure. D．It’s less effective for burning calories. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of treadmills. B．The importance of outdoor running. C．How to lower blood pressure. D．How to become stronger. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage? A．Culture and life. B．News and hot spots. C．Science and invention. D．Sports and health. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了户外跑步相比跑步机跑步的诸多好处，鼓励人们选择户外跑步来保持健康。 1．细节理解题。根据“Walk outside and the whole world is your treadmill. If you don’t mind getting a little dirty, outdoor activities will help you.”可知，户外跑步可以提供未被污染的自然环境和新鲜空气，以及美丽的风景，但没有提到干净的水。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Studies show that just looking at photos of nature can lower blood pressure (降低血压), so imagine what running through it will do.”可知，在自然中跑步有助于降低血压。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了户外跑步的好处，包括节省费用、避免无聊、欣赏风景、降低血压和燃烧更多卡路里等。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讨论跑步对健康的好处，可以推断这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的“体育与健康”版块。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东省济南市历城区·期末） How much exercise do children need to keep in good health? Every parent wants to know the answer. In the US, many people think that children should get more than an hour of exercise each day. It is the same in the UK. A new study shows that children should exercise for their muscles (肌肉) and bones (骨头) more than three times a week. Children can do activities like climbing and playing on monkey bars—this kind of exercise is good for their muscles. Jumping and running are good for their bones. Children should also do aerobic (有氧的) exercise for more than 60 minutes every day. They can walk fast or go running. However, many children don’t like doing exercise or playing sports outside. Today, many children like playing computer games or watching TV at home every day. What can parents do to help the children do sports outside? Doctor Stephanie Walsh says she often sees parents taking long walks with their children as a kind of exercise, but that might not be the best way. “Although walking is a great activity, it’s really boring for children. So if you’re going to ask your children to go for a walk, think of some fun things to do along the way,” she says. ________ It’s a good idea to take them outside and let them play with their friends. If they often play together, it will become an important and interesting part of their life. Little by little, they will love exercise or sports. 1．How often should children exercise according to many Americans? A．Once a week. B．Three times a week. C．Five times a month. D．Every day. 2．Which one is better for children if they want to have strong muscles? A．Climbing. B．Jumping. C．Running. D．Walking. 3．Doctor Stephanie Walsh thinks that children should ________. A．take short walks to exercise B．have fun when they exercise C．take exercise without their parents D．do many kinds of exercise each time 4．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 4? A．Which sport is popular with children? B．What kind of exercise should children do? C．How can we make exercise fun for them? D．What kind of sport is best for children? 5．Which of the following is the best title? A．Parents’ weekend plan. B．Practice makes perfect. C．The best way of exercise for kids. D．Friendship is very important. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲的是为了保持健康，孩子们应该怎么锻炼身体。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the US, many people think that children should get more than an hour of exercise each day.”可知，许多美国人认为，孩子们应该每天锻炼。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Children can do activities like climbing and playing on monkey bars—this kind of exercise is good for their muscles.”可知，如果孩子们想拥有强壮的肌肉，爬山对他们来说更好。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“if you’re going to ask your children to go for a walk, think of some fun things to do along the way”可知，斯蒂芬妮·沃尔什医生认为孩子们在锻炼时应该开心。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s a good idea to take them outside and let them play with their friends.”可知，带他们出去玩是个好主意，可推知上句应该是怎样才能使锻炼有趣，C选项“我们怎样才能让他们觉得锻炼很有趣呢？”符合语境。故选C。 5．最佳标题。根据第一段中“How much exercise do children need to keep in good health?”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是为了保持健康，孩子们应该怎么锻炼身体，选项C“孩子们最好的锻炼方式”为最佳标题。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄外国语学校·期末） How green are you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it often results in lots of pollution. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you. Reduce. It means “use less”. It suggests people should produce less pollution and throw less rubbish. People should reduce waste by buying fewer things. So before we are going to buy a new thing, try to think whether it is really necessary for us. Reuse. Reuse means “use again”. It asks people to use things as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that we really need them and we can use them for a long time. We should value them so that we can use them for a longer time. And if we can, we should repair them instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup, a paper bag or a plastic (塑料的) bag. If we can use a china (陶瓷) cup, we are doing something green and helpful. Recycle. Recycle means “use in a new way”. Many people encourage people to recycle things. Look at these examples. First, people often recycle old or waste electrical things and try to create some new things with some parts from the old ones. Second, some people try to make some bags with old clothes. At last, people often clean the house or water plants with used water. 1．What should we do before we are going to buy a new thing? A．Produce waste. B．Throw rubbish. C．Try to think. D．Take a shower. 2．Which thing can we use for a longer time? A．A china cup. B．A paper cup. C．A paper bag. D．A plastic bag. 3．How does the writer introduce how to recycle things in the fifth paragraph? A．By telling a story. B．By showing some sayings. C．By drawing a picture. D．By giving three examples. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To help protect animals. B．To tell how to invent things. C．To ask people to water plants. D．To encourage people to protect the environment. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍“3R原则”(Reduce减少、Reuse重复利用、Recycle回收利用)，呼吁人们采取实际行动保护环境，减少污染和浪费。 【详解】363．细节理解题。根据第三段“So before we are going to buy a new thing, try to think whether it is really necessary for us.”可知，买新东西前应先思考是否真的需要。故选C。 1．推理判断题。根据第四段“Don’t use a paper cup, a paper bag or a plastic bag. If we can use a china cup, we are doing something green and helpful.”可知，不要使用纸杯、纸袋或塑料袋，使用陶瓷杯是有利于环保且有益的事情，结合“重复使用 (Reuse)”的核心是“延长物品使用时间”，可推断陶瓷杯比纸杯、纸袋、塑料袋更耐用。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Look at these examples. First... Second... At last...”可知，本段通过三个例子 (回收旧电器零件、用旧衣服做袋子、用废水打扫或浇花) 说明回收利用的方式。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要围绕“如何通过3R原则环保”展开，目的是鼓励人们采取行动保护环境。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省杭州市拱墅区·期末） ①Feeding wild animals can seem kind, but it might also cause problems. In places where humans live, animals like birds and foxes have learned to live near people. Many people enjoy watching these animals and leaving food for them. However, others believe it’s better to leave animals alone. ②During hard times like winter or long dry periods, animals face big problems. For example, foxes have trouble finding insects when the ground turns icy or rock-hard. Giving them more food during these months could be a lifesaver. It can also help support biodiversity, which means having many different kinds of wildlife in one area. ③For people who love seeing wildlife, leaving food out is a perfect way to get close to animals. It is like opening a window to nature. People can learn more about the wildlife that lives in their local area. ④On the other side, there are risks. Young animals might become reliant on the food, which could stop them from learning how to find food on their own. This could leave them helpless later in life. Feeding can also spread diseases (疾病). For example, dirty bird feeders can pass sickness between birds. ⑤Lastly, not all “helpful” foods are healthy. Animals often take the easy way out, eating junk food left by humans instead of their natural meals. This means they might miss out on the nutrients (营养) they truly need. ⑥So, should we feed wildlife? It’s like a coin with two sides. While it supports animals in hard times and connects us to nature, it also carries hidden dangers. The answer? Be smart and kind—Do research first, keep feeding areas clean, and let wild animals stay independent as much as possible. After all, their true home is the wild—not our backyards. 1．Which of the following is a good side of feeding wild animals? A．People can keep different kinds of wild animals in their backyards. B．Sometimes it might save a wild animal’s life in its hard times. C．It’s a perfect way to get close to animals at anytime. D．Wild animals can get the nutrients they truly need. 2．What does the underlined word “reliant” mean in paragraph 4? A．dependent B．nervous C．careful D．active 3．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To introduce different kinds of animals. B．To point out the problems of animals. C．To share an interesting personal experience. D．To express an opinion of feeding wild animals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了投喂野生动物的利弊，最后给出应谨慎投喂的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据“During hard times like winter or long dry periods, animals face big problems. For example, foxes have trouble finding insects when the ground turns icy or rock-hard. Giving them more food during these months could be a lifesaver.”可知，在野生动物困难时期给它们喂食可能会挽救它们的生命。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Young animals might become reliant on the food, which could stop them from learning how to find food on their own.”可知，小动物可能会变得依赖食物，这会阻止它们学习自己寻找食物，所以“reliant”意思是“依赖的”，和“dependent”意思相近。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出喂野生动物这件事有两面性，第二段和第三段讲喂野生动物的好处，第四段和第五段讲喂野生动物的风险，最后一段总结，所以结构是总—分—总。故选C。 4．观点态度题。文章主要讨论了喂野生动物这件事的利弊，表达了作者对于喂野生动物的观点。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省宁波市余姚·期末） A new study shows that older wild animals should be protected. Why? Because they have important knowledge that helps other animals in their groups to live. Scientists read thousands of science articles about how old animals affect (影响) their homes and the dangers they face. Old animals do many good things for their homes. For example, when old birds have baby birds, they’re better at getting food and finding a nice place to live. This makes it easier for the baby birds to grow up. Old female elephants are great at remembering which animals are friendly and which ones are not. They’re also better at watching out for dangers, like lions, Old orcas (killer whales) use their smarts to help their families find food when there isn’t much around. But in some places, old animals are in trouble. Fishing has made the number of old fish go down a lot. In some groups, it’s dropped by as much as 97%! This hurts the “group memory” that young fish need to learn how to stay alive. In places where people hunt animals illegally (非法地), old animals are in even more danger. They often have big tusks, horns, or antlers that hunters want. Scientists from Charles Darwin University in Australia say we need to do more to keep old animals alive. They think the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the group that watches over animals in danger around the world, should pay more attention to old animals. This can help experts think of ways to protect them. They also say fishing companies should stop catching so many old fish, so that all the fish can live well. 1．What is the purpose of the second paragraph? A．To introduce different kinds of old wild animals. B．To list the names of groups that protect old animals. C．To show the good things old animals do for their groups. D．To explain the reasons why old animals are in danger. 2．Which reason mainly causes old animals to be in danger? A．Forest fires. B．Human actions. C．Animal competition. D．Water pollution. 3．What does the underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Care for and study. B．Learn about and love. C．Look for and kill. D．Run after and protect. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Fishing companies may change their fishing ways. B．The IUCN has already done enough for old animals. C．Old animals won’t face any dangers in the future. D．Only old fish really need to be protected well. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究指出老年野生动物应被保护，因其对群体有益却面临危险，科学家为此提出了保护建议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Old animals do many good things for their homes.”以及后文列举的老鸟、母象、虎鲸对各自群体的帮助可知，该段是为了说明老年动物为它们的群体所做的好事。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Fishing has made the number of old fish go down a lot.”和“In places where people hunt animals illegally, old animals are in even more danger.”可知，主要是人类活动导致老年动物处于危险之中。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“They often have big tusks, horns, or antlers that hunters want.”可推测，猎人想要老年动物的 tusks、horns等，所以“hunt”应是“寻找并杀死”的意思。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They also say fishing companies should stop catching so many old fish, so that all the fish can live well.”可推断，渔业公司可能会改变他们的捕鱼方式。故选A。   / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·广东省汕头市潮南区司马浦公校·期末） Artificial Intelligence, or Al, is a really cool technology that tries to copy how people think and do things. It’s becoming a big part of our lives, making things better in the world. ________ For example, you might have seen virtual assistants (虚拟助手) like Siri or Alexa on your phone or smart speaker. They use AI to answer questions, make plans, and play music. One of the best things about AI is that it can do many things on its own, which saves time and makes things work better. In business, AI tools help analyze lots of data (分析大量数据) quickly and give useful information to help companies succeed. AI isn’t just for business. For example, AI can help doctors diagnose (诊断) illnesses more rightly and quickly. It can also help banks tell fake money (假币) and stop some bad people taking away money. On the roads, AI can analyze information in real time to make traffic better. Although AI is very useful, it also brings some problems, like making people lose their jobs. So we must work hard to make sure AI is used in good ways and doesn’t hurt anyone. As AI grows and changes, it can make life simpler and bring us all closer together. Enjoying AI means we get to use smart machines that help us make a smarter and cooler world. Everything is possible. As we continue to develop Al, we’ll see even more amazing things that will improve our lives. 1．Which of the following can we put into the blank? A．AI will be more important than humans. B．AI mainly does some dangerous jobs. C．AI does lots of different things in our lives. D．AI will change the way we live in the future. 2．Which of the following best shows the good thing about AI according to Para 3? A．AI lets people no longer work hard every day. B．AI does things by itself faster and better. C．AI makes people smarter and smarter. D．AI makes traffic better with the help of a traffic police. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．AI’s wide use. B．The future of AI. C．Problems of AI. D．The relationship between humans and AI. 4．How does the writer like AI? A．Cheap but useless. B．Common but expensive. C．Useful but not common. D．Helpful but not perfect. 5．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the history of AI. B．To discuss the good and bad points of AI. C．To say we shouldn’t use AI in many places. D．To provide a way to solve the problems of AI. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省宁波市海曙区·期末） Can you imagine doctors finding illnesses before you feel sick? Do you think it possible for Artificial Intelligence (AI) changing the way of healthcare? As a matter of fact, AI is developing fast and making it possible. Think of AI as a super health detective (侦探) . It can check huge amounts of health information much faster than any person. This helps find hidden patterns and predict illnesses better. For example, AI helps doctors read X-rays and scans super-fast, finding tiny problems early. This means faster help for patients. AI can also be your personal health coach. Smartwatches and health apps use AI to record your sleep, activity, and body signals. They can warn you about possible health risks and give healthy tips. Soon, even a simple, cheap AI eye scan might tell if someone could get diabetes (糖尿病)! AI helps doctors choose the best medicine just for you. By studying your health records and millions of medical studies, AI can predict how well different treatments will work for your body. It also helps scientists discover new drugs faster. AI makes hospitals work better and fairer. It handles boring paperwork, helps doctors diagnose (诊断) faster, and shortens waiting time. Most importantly, AI can bring expert medical knowledge to people living in remote (偏远的) villages with few doctors, using phones or computers. Affordable AI tools mean important health information can reach everyone, everywhere. In all, by using AI safely and fairly, we can build a healthier, smarter, and more equal world for all. The future of health is bright! 1．How does the writer start this article? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving examples. C．By using numbers. D．By asking questions. 2．According to Para. 2, in which order does AI’s “health detective” work? ①Predicting illnesses    ②Finding hidden patterns ③Checking health information    ④Helping faster diagnosis A．③→②→①→④ B．②→①→④→③ C．①→③→②→④ D．④→②→③→① 3．In which way does AI make healthcare “fairer”? A．Reducing all hospital costs. B．Arriving at the remote villages. C．Taking the place of human doctors. D．Making all illnesses disappear. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Smartwatches and Future Medicine B．How Doctors Use Technology C．AI Improves Healthcare Greatly D．The Dangers of Artificial Intelligence Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·湖南省邵阳市武冈市·期末） What’s going to happen in the future? Will robots control our planet? Will computers become smarter than us? Not likely, but here are some things that scientists say are most likely to happen in 10—30 years from now, according to the BBC． Bionic (仿生的) Eyes They are no longer something only in a science fiction movie. People who are blind may have a chance to see things clearly by wearing bionic eyes. A blind eye can no longer sense light, but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send information to the mind. Now the bionic eye only allows patients to see lights and unclear shapes. A bionic eye with very clear pictures could be just in a few years away. Digital Money We used to pay with cash for everything we bought. Now we can use WeChat Pay or Alipay to shop. Money is spent without us seeing it. That means we are already using digital money. People only need to take a mobile phone wherever they go. Using these ways is much easier than searching our pockets for change. It is also safer than carrying a lot of cash. It’s reported that people in Sweden completely stopped using cash last year, and the US might be next. Self-driving Cars Unlike a human driver, a self-driving car won’t be influenced by a phone call, the radio or something outside the window. Sensors (探测器) and cameras on the car would allow it to follow the rules of the road strictly and keep a safe space from other cars. This would greatly make the number of road accidents smaller. You could even take a short rest while the car drives itself. In the future, driver-less cars would be widely accepted. 1．Where do bionic eyes send information to? A．Mind. B．Camera. C．Computer. 2．Which of the following ways of payment is not mentioned in this passage? A．Credit cards. B．WeChat Pay. C．Alipay. 3．From the report, we can learn some information about ________. A．industry and farming B．traffic and journey C．science and technology 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Bionic eyes only appear in the science fiction films. B．The blind wearing bionic eyes may see clearly in the future. C．Self-driving cars will be influenced by something outside. 主题02 人与自我——青少年问题 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·湖南省怀化市洪江市·期末） According to a report, Chinese people are getting 1.5 hours less sleep a day than 10 years ago. From 8.5 hours in 2012 to just seven hours last year. One researcher said, “People are facing a lot of information, especially on the Internet and their phones.” Surfing the Internet, long work or study hours and sleeping problems are many reasons for short sleep hours, according to the report. After the “double reduction” policy (双减政策) came out, many parents said their children went to bed earlier, but some still thought their children couldn’t get eight hours of sleep. The report said that more than 60% of students use smartphones, play games and watch TV shows when they should be sleeping. Entertainment (娱乐) becomes the main reason for those students staying up late. So parents should pay attention to (关注) their children’s activities at night. 1．How long did Chinese people sleep every day last year? A．8.5 hours. B．1.5 hours. C．7 hours. 2．According to Paragraph Two, what are the main reasons for short sleep hours EXCEPT (除了) ________. A．surfing the Internet B．exercise C．sleeping problems 3．Why do some students stay up late after the “double reduction” policy? A．To study. B．To do housework. C．For entertainment. 4．What is the best title (标题) of the passage? A．How to get enough sleep. B．The main reasons for less sleep. C．Sleeping problems. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河南省安阳市滑县·期末） Keeping healthy is very important for us. Here are some useful tips to help us stay healthy. Tips Details Balanced Diet Eat different kinds of food, like fruits, vegetables, grains, meat and milk. Don't eat too much junk food. Exercise Do sports for at least one hour every day. You can run, swim, play basketball or ride a bike. Sleep Go to bed early and get up early. Try to sleep for 8 to 9 hours every night. Mental Health Talk to your parents, teachers or friends when you feel stressed. Smile often and keep a happy mood. Let's follow these tips and enjoy a healthy life! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How long should we do sports every day? A．For at least thirty minutes. B．For at least one hour. C．For at least two hours. D．For at least three hours. 2．Which of the following is NOT healthy food? A．Apples. B．Hamburgers. C．Carrots. D．Milk. 3．How many hours should we sleep every night? A．For 6 to 7 hours. B．For 7 to 8 hours. C．For 8 to 9 hours. D．For 9 to 10 hours. 4．What should we do when we feel stressed? A．Talk to our family or friends. B．Eat a lot of junk food. C．Stay up late at night. D．Keep the feelings to ourselves. 5．What's the best title for this passage? A．How to Study Well B．How to Make Friends C．How to Do Sports D．A Guide to a Healthy Life Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省诸暨市·期末） Hi, I’m DeepSeek. How can I help you today? I do whatever my parents, teachers and even friends tell me to do. I am used to saying “yes” to everything. But I am not always happy about this. I just can’t say “no”. I wish I could change. —Tina Give yourself permission (允许) to say “no”. Keep in mind that if they care about you, they will respect (尊重) your decision. Secondly, saying “no” politely is a good way to refuse someone. I always worry about what other people think about me. Sometimes, I even think that I am not good enough for other people. I wish I could spend less time caring about others’ opinions. —Jack Learn to accept who you are. Do the things you are good at and be with the people who love you instead. Remember you can’t change the way other people react (反应) to you. I want to be a dancer, but my parents don’t agree with me. My parents always tell me what to do and don’t care about my opinion. I just want to be myself. —Sally Try to look at things from your parents’ side, because they are trying to guide you. If you feel that your parents’ decision is unfair, you should talk about it. By coming up with a proper reason and sharing your feelings, you may change their minds. 1．What is Tina’s problem? A．She cares about what others think. B．She doesn’t know how to refuse others. C．Her parents don’t care about her ideas. D．She is not good enough for other people. 2．—What does DeepSeek want Jack to do? —It wants Jack to _________. A．believe in himself B．be friendly to others C．say “no” to others bravely D．care about others’ opinions 3．What is the main problem of the three students? A．They face challenges in their study. B．They don’t understand their parents. C．They spend too much time on their hobbies. D．They have problems in relationships with others. 主题03 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河南省焦作市·期末） During ancient times, children had no smart phones or computers to have fun. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood. Playing hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to play a trick on (捉弄) him or others hide and one child must try to find them. Flying kitesKites have quite a long history in China. The earliest kites weren’t paper kites. They were wood instead. Now, the most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own character. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings (翅膀) is a special kind of the Beijing kite. Watching shadow plays (皮影戏)The most similar thing to watching a film during ancient times was to see a shadow play. The artists controlled puppets (木偶) behind the screen to make them move like people and tell stories. People liked listening to the music and enjoyed the beautiful puppets. Kicking stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Children kicked stone balls with feet. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How can kids play hide-and-seek? A．One plays and others watch. B．One must cry and others laugh. C．One runs and others try to catch. D．One tries to find and others hide. 2．What is the difference between modern and ancient kites? A．There are only three kinds of kites left now. B．Beijing style kites are the most famous now. C．People use different things to make kites now. D．Flying kites is no longer a traditional game now. 3．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．People. B．Puppets. C．Artists. D．Stories. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．People could enjoy music while watching shadow plays. B．Tianjin is famous for the bird-shaped kites with long wings. C．Kicking a stone ball was a popular game before the Qing Dynasty. D．All the children must cover their eyes while playing hide-and-seek. 5．In which part of a magazine can you read the text? A．Travel. B．Nature. C．Culture. D．Science. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖北省襄阳市老河口市·期末） During ancient times, children didn't have smart phones, iPads or computers to have fun when they felt bored. Instead, they came up with interesting activities in their childhood. During the Qing Dynasty, kicking (踢) a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm. Playing Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to play with him or more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them. Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own feature (特征). For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite. The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. The artists control puppets (木偶) behind the screen and tell stories to the music.   1．In ancient times, what game did kids play on cold days? A．Flying kites B．Playing hide-and seek. C．Kicking a stone ball D．Watching shadow plays. 2．How many ways are mentioned to play hide-and-seek in the passage? A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 3．Where was the bird-shaped kite from? A．Beijing. B．Weifang. C．Tianjin. D．Nanjing. 4．If children in ancient China wanted to “watch a film”, they could choose________. A．Flying kites B．Playing hide-and seek. C．Kicking a stone ball D．Watching shadow plays. 5．Which of the following is the passage probably from? A．A storybook about magic B．A comic book about brave kids C．A book about modern China D．A book about traditional Chinese culture Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·湖南省怀化市·期末） The oil-paper umbrella is a beautiful and traditional Chinese art. It started in the Han Dynasty and was first made to protect people from the sun and rain. Later, during the Tang and Song dynasties, it became a kind of art. These umbrellas are made of bamboo and paper. The paper is brushed with fung oil to make it waterproof (防水的). Making one umbrella takes a lot of time and care, which needs over 70 steps! Artists choose strong bamboo, shape it carefully, and put up hand-made paper on top. They often paint flowers or birds to decorate the umbrella, turning it into a small piece of art. In Chinese culture, the umbrella shows the idea of Yin and Yang. In old times, red oil-paper umbrellas were used in weddings (婚礼) to bring good luck. Today, people are bringing this old art back by adding modern designs (设计) and materials, making it popular again in China and around the world. Wen Shishan, a 59-year-old man in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has been making oil-paper umbrellas for over 30 years. His oil-paper umbrellas are not only popular among young people, but also have been sold to other countries such as Japan, South Korea and the US. 1．When was the oil-paper umbrella first made? A．In Han Dynasty. B．In Tang Dynasty. C．In Song Dynasty. 2．What does the underlined word “decorate” mean in Chinese? A．组成 B．展现 C．装饰 3．How long has Wen Shishan been making oil-paper umbrellas? A．For over 20 years. B．For less than 30 years. C．For more than 30 years. 4．Why does the writer write about Wen Shishan in the passage? A．To show that only old people can make oil-paper umbrellas. B．To show that oil-paper umbrellas are becoming popular again. C．To show that Hangzhou is the only place to make such umbrellas. 主题04 人与自我——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·安徽滁州市·期末） At 8, 848. 86 meters high, Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on the earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags. According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain. To reduce (减少) rubbish, China limited (限制) the number of people who would be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people would be allowed to climb it every year, and only during spring. Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5, 200 meters. They collected about 8. 4 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish. This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean-up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort (分类), recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain. 1．What problem are parts of Qomolangma facing? A．Noise. B．Rubbish. C．Air pollution. D．Water pollution. 2．How many people will be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain during spring every year? A．140. B．300. C．5, 200. D．4 million. 3．What does the underlined word “removing” mean? A．Running out of. B．Making better. C．Putting on. D．Taking away. 4．What’s the artists’ purpose (目的) of showing their art works? A．To teach people to make works of art. B．To help people to know about Qomolangma. C．To encourage people to clean up Qomolangma. D．To remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖南省长沙市浏阳市·期末） Think about a world without insects (昆虫). It might sound nice at first. There would be no flies in your room. But in fact, this could be really bad news. The number of insects is less and less, according to British biologist Dave Goulson. “In the 27 years from 1989 to 2016, the number of insects fell by 75 percent,” Goulson wrote. Scientists say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides (农药). They are bad for the places that insects live in. What would happen without insects? It’s almost impossible to give an answer, but the results would be far-reaching. We need insects to pollinate crops (给庄稼授粉). They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil healthy and do much more. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat. They would go hungry and die. The ecosystem (生态系统) would be off balance. The first step to stop this is to let more people understand “the values (价值) of the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake (好处)”. Goulson said, “The best place to start is with our children. We should encourage them to protect the environment from an early age.” 1．What’s the function (功能) of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the real reason. B．To lead to the topic of this passage. C．To explain the background of the story. 2．What does the underlined word “this” mean in the last paragraph? A．Danger to the ecosystem. B．Insect activity. C．The use of pesticides. 3．What’s one of the roles of the insects? A．They live in bad places. B．They keep the soil healthy. C．They go hungry and die. 4．What is the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To make readers learn from insects. B．To help animals live better and better. C．To call on people to protect the environment. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·安徽省安庆市潜山市·期末） Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Men have been polluting the earth. Many years ago, the pollution was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, men moved to another place. Air pollution is now the most serious. Air makes people sick. And lots of people now are trying to use something to clear the air. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight air pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is true that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution. Although most of the pollution is caused by us, we are the ones who can change the situation. The earth is our home. We must take care of it. And we must pay more attention to the information about pollution at the same time. 1．Why was the pollution in the past less serious? A．Because life in the past was easier. B．Because there were not so many people. C．Because men stayed in one place. D．Because people used less coal to make fire. 2．According to the passage, which kind of pollution is the most serious? A．Air pollution. B．Noise pollution. C．Light pollution. D．Water pollution. 3．What is the best title of the passage? A．A Smaller and Easier World B．Take Care of Our Earth C．Heavy and Dangerous Traffic D．The Danger of Pollution 主题01 人与社会——青少年问题 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·福建省厦门市集美区·期末） In China, AI pets become more and more popular with children. These special toys can talk, play games, tell stories, and even understand how kids feel. For example, BooBoo, which looks like a guinea pig (豚鼠), came out in May 2024. Within just a few months, over 1,000 units of BooBoo were sold. This shows that kids really love these smart pets. Many kids in cities feel lonely because they don’t have enough friends. Besides, their parents are busy and have little time to spend with them. In this case, AI pets become the ones that kids can talk to and play with. That’s why AI pets then get popular. Unlike real pets, AI pets are also easy to take care of. They don’t need food, walks, or baths. A survey shows that 70% of AI pet buyers are families with young children. Parents think these pets can help their kids learn and feel better. AI pets are designed to (被设计来……) improve children’s mental health. For example, a 19-year-old Chinese student, Zhang Yachun used to feel very worried and stressed about her schoolwork. But after getting BooBoo, an AI pet that can talk and interact (互动) with people, she feels less stressed and not lonely anymore. While some people believe AI pets are good for children’s mental health since they can help kids practice talking and sharing their feelings, others think real friends and pets are still better. But the truth is no matter a real person or a smart pet, having a friend can make a big difference. If you ever feel worried or lonely, try talking to someone you trust, doing fun activities, or staying active. 1．Paragraph 1 is mainly about the ________ of AI pets. A．popularity B．ability C．look D．design 2．Kids like AI pets because ________. A．they don’t need any care B．they can lower loneliness C．they can improve grades D．they are real friends to talk to 3．Zhang Yachun’s example is to show that ________. A．most kids are under pressure B．kids like to play with AI pets C．AI pets free kids from schoolwork D．AI pets help with mental health 4．What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A．Kids don’t need real friends. B．Real pets are more helpful. C．Friends, real or AI, can help kids. D．AI pets are better than real friends. 5．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ________. A．describe how AI pets work B．learn how to design AI Pets C．compare AI pets with real ones D．explain AI pets’ help for kids Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄市赞皇县·期末） Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates. Liu Wei, a junior 2 student from Zhengzhou, could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife. Another student, 14-year-old Yan Fang from Guangzhou, was afraid of exams. She got very worried in one exam, and when she looked at the exam paper, she couldn’t think of anything to write. A recent report from Jie fang Daily says about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental (心理的) problems. Liang Youzhu, an expert on teenagers from Beijing Adding Hospital has the following advice for teenagers: ●Talk to your parents or teachers often. ●Take part in group activities and play sports. ●Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell. 1．The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have ________. A．mental problems B．a headache C．no friends D．problems with their parents 2．Liu Wei cut his finger with a knife because ________. A．he could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in lessons B．he wanted to frighten his parents C．he was so worried about his parents D．he was good at lessons 3．Yan Fang’s problems happened whenever ________. A．she studied very hard B．she had exams C．she talked with her parents D．she had lessons 4．Liang Youzhu’s advice tells us that ________. A．it’s better for the students who have mental problems to stay alone at home B．it’s unnecessary for them to be with others C．group activities and sports can help them D．talk to classmates can be helpful Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄第二十二中学·期末） We have more or less trouble to face in our life. These things may give you too much stress which is bad for your development. What can you do to solve this kind of problem? As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list. You have a lot of schoolwork to do every day. Although your scores are not terrible, you may still worry that you are not as high as you have expected. Why not make a daily or weekly plan in such a case? In this way, you can save more time to study and even avoid being too tired by taking some breaks. Don’t be too strict with yourself. Just do what you can do. If you meet something beyond (超越) your ability, just go to your teacher for help—pick his or her brain or make any questions you don’t understand clearly. Have you ever been worried about not having many friends in school or not being in the same class with your best friends? Having a bad relationship with new classmates is also our common stress. It is important to choose your circle of friends. Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends in after-school activities. Make plans to meet your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is different—do not compare yourself with others. You’ll be less stressed that way. Unhealthy eating habits and lack (缺乏) of sleep can also lead to stress. You are what you eat. Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy. Set a certain time to go to bed every night. Don’t play computer or mobile games before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problem continues. The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try the above advice right away. 1．Which is the most stressful for a student according to the passage? A．Poor eating habits and short of sleep. B．Not getting along well with new classmates. C．Failure to have enough friends in school. D．Dealing with schoolwork and getting high scores. 2．What does the writer advise students to do to solve friendship problems? A．Change classes to be with best friends. B．Avoid talking to new classmates. C．Make friends in after-school activities. D．Try to be exactly like other students. 3．What does the phrase “You are what you eat” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Eating habits show your personality. B．Food choices influence your health. C．Cooking skills are important. D．Healthy food tastes bad. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to common stress. B．Suggestions for making friends. C．Answers to develop good habits. D．Ways of dealing with different students stress. 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·湖北省宜昌市当阳市·期末） Tai Chi is a soft exercise from China. It uses slow movements, deep breathing, and peaceful thinking together. It helps join your mind and body. It comes from old Chinese traditions like fighting exercises (格斗术) and self-defense (自卫术). In 2020, UNESCO put it on a special list of important world traditions. People don’t know exactly when Tai Chi started. Around the 13th century, an old Chinese teacher named Zhang Sanfeng might have made it. He studied different fighting exercises. But the Tai Chi we know today started later. Now, people mostly use it for health. Groups who like sports have changed it a little for shows and competitions. It became popular outside China in the 1900s. By the late 1950s, people in Europe and North America started doing it. Today, many people learn Tai Chi from books, online videos and classes. Places like the China Cultural Center in New Zealand use TikTok and YouTube to teach it to more people. Tai Chi is famous for making people feel better. It helps you balance better, move easily and get stronger. It also makes you feel less worried or sad. What’s more, it is safe for everyone—young and old while doing Tai Chi, especially for older people or people who are not well. In China, Tai Chi is very important. People do it as exercise, art and quiet thinking. It shows the Chinese idea of balance of yin and yang. Now, people everywhere do Tai Chi as well as learn about Chinese ideas. 1．What is Tai Chi mainly used for today? A．For fights. B．For shows. C．For health. D．For competitions. 2．What does Tai Chi show the Chinese idea of? A．Important exercise in life. B．Balance of yin and yang. C．Communications with others. D．Traditional customs from ancient China. 3．Why might Tai Chi be good for older people? A．It uses slow movements. B．It teaches fighting skills well. C．It needs very fast movements. D．It can help to learn self-defense. 4．How do people learn Tai Chi today? A．Only from old Chinese books. B．Through online videos and classes. C．By watching sports competitions only. D．By traveling to Europe and North America. 5．Which part of newspaper is the passage probably from? A．Movie review. B．Social news. C．Travel plan. D．Sports and games. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·安徽省安庆市桐城市·期末） Health is very important to everyone. Different people have their own ways to keep fit. A lot of people like running on the treadmills (跑步机). But it is not a good way to make you strong and healthy. Here are some reasons why you should run outdoors but not on the treadmills. It costs you a lot of money to buy a treadmill. You can run outdoors, and it costs you nothing! Walk outside and the whole world is your treadmill. If you don’t mind getting a little dirty, outdoor activities will help you. Treadmills can become boring. You are limited (被限制) to what’s in front of you. Running and exercising outside provides a beautiful scenery (风景). Studies show that just looking at photos of nature can lower blood pressure (降低血压), so imagine what running through it will do. The fresh air and the unpolluted nature will also make you run more easily. You burn (燃烧) more calories running outside than you do on a treadmill, because you have to work harder in order to move your body. When you run on a treadmill, you only move your legs. But when exercising outside, you must move your legs and your hands and so on. Why not go for a run outdoors? Come on! 1．What can’t running outside provide? A．Clean water. B．The unpolluted nature. C．Fresh air. D．Beautiful scenery. 2．Which is RIGHT about the effect of running in nature according to the passage? A．It’s more tiring than running indoors. B．It’s less beneficial for health. C．It can help reduce blood pressure. D．It’s less effective for burning calories. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of treadmills. B．The importance of outdoor running. C．How to lower blood pressure. D．How to become stronger. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage? A．Culture and life. B．News and hot spots. C．Science and invention. D．Sports and health. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·山东省济南市历城区·期末） How much exercise do children need to keep in good health? Every parent wants to know the answer. In the US, many people think that children should get more than an hour of exercise each day. It is the same in the UK. A new study shows that children should exercise for their muscles (肌肉) and bones (骨头) more than three times a week. Children can do activities like climbing and playing on monkey bars—this kind of exercise is good for their muscles. Jumping and running are good for their bones. Children should also do aerobic (有氧的) exercise for more than 60 minutes every day. They can walk fast or go running. However, many children don’t like doing exercise or playing sports outside. Today, many children like playing computer games or watching TV at home every day. What can parents do to help the children do sports outside? Doctor Stephanie Walsh says she often sees parents taking long walks with their children as a kind of exercise, but that might not be the best way. “Although walking is a great activity, it’s really boring for children. So if you’re going to ask your children to go for a walk, think of some fun things to do along the way,” she says. ________ It’s a good idea to take them outside and let them play with their friends. If they often play together, it will become an important and interesting part of their life. Little by little, they will love exercise or sports. 1．How often should children exercise according to many Americans? A．Once a week. B．Three times a week. C．Five times a month. D．Every day. 2．Which one is better for children if they want to have strong muscles? A．Climbing. B．Jumping. C．Running. D．Walking. 3．Doctor Stephanie Walsh thinks that children should ________. A．take short walks to exercise B．have fun when they exercise C．take exercise without their parents D．do many kinds of exercise each time 4．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 4? A．Which sport is popular with children? B．What kind of exercise should children do? C．How can we make exercise fun for them? D．What kind of sport is best for children? 5．Which of the following is the best title? A．Parents’ weekend plan. B．Practice makes perfect. C．The best way of exercise for kids. D．Friendship is very important. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄外国语学校·期末） How green are you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it often results in lots of pollution. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you. Reduce. It means “use less”. It suggests people should produce less pollution and throw less rubbish. People should reduce waste by buying fewer things. So before we are going to buy a new thing, try to think whether it is really necessary for us. Reuse. Reuse means “use again”. It asks people to use things as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that we really need them and we can use them for a long time. We should value them so that we can use them for a longer time. And if we can, we should repair them instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup, a paper bag or a plastic (塑料的) bag. If we can use a china (陶瓷) cup, we are doing something green and helpful. Recycle. Recycle means “use in a new way”. Many people encourage people to recycle things. Look at these examples. First, people often recycle old or waste electrical things and try to create some new things with some parts from the old ones. Second, some people try to make some bags with old clothes. At last, people often clean the house or water plants with used water. 1．What should we do before we are going to buy a new thing? A．Produce waste. B．Throw rubbish. C．Try to think. D．Take a shower. 2．Which thing can we use for a longer time? A．A china cup. B．A paper cup. C．A paper bag. D．A plastic bag. 3．How does the writer introduce how to recycle things in the fifth paragraph? A．By telling a story. B．By showing some sayings. C．By drawing a picture. D．By giving three examples. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To help protect animals. B．To tell how to invent things. C．To ask people to water plants. D．To encourage people to protect the environment. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省杭州市拱墅区·期末） ①Feeding wild animals can seem kind, but it might also cause problems. In places where humans live, animals like birds and foxes have learned to live near people. Many people enjoy watching these animals and leaving food for them. However, others believe it’s better to leave animals alone. ②During hard times like winter or long dry periods, animals face big problems. For example, foxes have trouble finding insects when the ground turns icy or rock-hard. Giving them more food during these months could be a lifesaver. It can also help support biodiversity, which means having many different kinds of wildlife in one area. ③For people who love seeing wildlife, leaving food out is a perfect way to get close to animals. It is like opening a window to nature. People can learn more about the wildlife that lives in their local area. ④On the other side, there are risks. Young animals might become reliant on the food, which could stop them from learning how to find food on their own. This could leave them helpless later in life. Feeding can also spread diseases (疾病). For example, dirty bird feeders can pass sickness between birds. ⑤Lastly, not all “helpful” foods are healthy. Animals often take the easy way out, eating junk food left by humans instead of their natural meals. This means they might miss out on the nutrients (营养) they truly need. ⑥So, should we feed wildlife? It’s like a coin with two sides. While it supports animals in hard times and connects us to nature, it also carries hidden dangers. The answer? Be smart and kind—Do research first, keep feeding areas clean, and let wild animals stay independent as much as possible. After all, their true home is the wild—not our backyards. 1．Which of the following is a good side of feeding wild animals? A．People can keep different kinds of wild animals in their backyards. B．Sometimes it might save a wild animal’s life in its hard times. C．It’s a perfect way to get close to animals at anytime. D．Wild animals can get the nutrients they truly need. 2．What does the underlined word “reliant” mean in paragraph 4? A．dependent B．nervous C．careful D．active 3．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To introduce different kinds of animals. B．To point out the problems of animals. C．To share an interesting personal experience. D．To express an opinion of feeding wild animals. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省宁波市余姚·期末） A new study shows that older wild animals should be protected. Why? Because they have important knowledge that helps other animals in their groups to live. Scientists read thousands of science articles about how old animals affect (影响) their homes and the dangers they face. Old animals do many good things for their homes. For example, when old birds have baby birds, they’re better at getting food and finding a nice place to live. This makes it easier for the baby birds to grow up. Old female elephants are great at remembering which animals are friendly and which ones are not. They’re also better at watching out for dangers, like lions, Old orcas (killer whales) use their smarts to help their families find food when there isn’t much around. But in some places, old animals are in trouble. Fishing has made the number of old fish go down a lot. In some groups, it’s dropped by as much as 97%! This hurts the “group memory” that young fish need to learn how to stay alive. In places where people hunt animals illegally (非法地), old animals are in even more danger. They often have big tusks, horns, or antlers that hunters want. Scientists from Charles Darwin University in Australia say we need to do more to keep old animals alive. They think the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the group that watches over animals in danger around the world, should pay more attention to old animals. This can help experts think of ways to protect them. They also say fishing companies should stop catching so many old fish, so that all the fish can live well. 1．What is the purpose of the second paragraph? A．To introduce different kinds of old wild animals. B．To list the names of groups that protect old animals. C．To show the good things old animals do for their groups. D．To explain the reasons why old animals are in danger. 2．Which reason mainly causes old animals to be in danger? A．Forest fires. B．Human actions. C．Animal competition. D．Water pollution. 3．What does the underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Care for and study. B．Learn about and love. C．Look for and kill. D．Run after and protect. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Fishing companies may change their fishing ways. B．The IUCN has already done enough for old animals. C．Old animals won’t face any dangers in the future. D．Only old fish really need to be protected well. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C Passage 3 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 主题02 人与自我——青少年问题 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 主题03 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 2 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D Passage 3 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 主题04 人与自我——环境保护 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 主题01 人与社会——青少年问题 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D Passage 2 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C Passage 3 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D Passage 2 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 3 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D Passage 3 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $