精品解析：甘肃省陇南市西和县2025-2026学年高一下学期5月期中英语试题

2025-2026年西和县第二中学、第三中学、第四中学、西和成名高级中学高一下学期期中考试 英语试卷 一、阅读理解 Castles in Switzerland Spiez Castle Built in 933 by the King of Burgundy, Rudolph II, the castle is not just a historical monument (历史遗迹), but also a lively cultural center. The gardens are now open to the public and the castle rooms are used for a variety of events, including conferences, concerts, and exhibitions. Address: Schlossstrasse 16, Spiez Opening hours: Monday, 14:00-17:00; Tuesday-Sunday, 10:00-17:00 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 5.00 (6-16); CHF 12.00 (Adults) Hünegg Castle Built between 1861 and 1863, the castle is home to the Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau Museum. The castle offers visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and see history come to life. Address: Staatstrasse 52, Hilterfingen Opening hours: Monday closed; Tuesday-Saturday, 14:00-17:00; Sunday, 11:00-17:00 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 5.00 (6-16); CHF 10.00 (Adults) Oberhofen Castle The castle was built in the early 1200s. It offers a unique window into the building styles and living conditions of the past. In 1952, it became a part of the Historical Museum of Bern, and a branch was opened in the castle two years later. Address: Schloss 4, Oberhofen am Thunersee Opening hours: Monday closed; Tuesday-Sunday,11:00-17:00 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 6.00 (6-16); CHF 14.00 (Adults) Thun Castle The castle dates back to the 12th century. As a Swiss heritage site of national significance,it offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore and understand the rich history of Switzerland. Address: Schlossberg 1, Thun Opening hours: Daily, 10:00-17:30 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 3. 00 (6-16); CHF 10. 00 (Adults) 1. Where is the oldest of the four castles? A. Schlossberg 1, Thun. B. Schlossstrasse 16, Spiez. C. Staatstrasse 52, Hilterfingen. D. Schloss 4, Oberhofen am Thunersee. 2. How much should a couple pay to visit a branch of the Historical Museum of Bern? A. CHF 12. 00. B. CHF 20. 00. C. CHF 24. 00. D. CHF 28. 00. 3. Which castle is open to visitors at 11:00 on Monday? A. Thun Castle. B. Spiez Castle. C. Hünegg Castle. D. Oberhofen Castle. My wife isn’t a cat person. So when our daughter Flora started asking for a cat several years ago, my wife politely refused her requests and we didn’t give it a second thought. Flora, though shares some of my wife’s persistence, so she continued to ask for a cat repeatedly for several years. Then a couple of things happened that made as take a closer look at things. When we went to Flora’s parent-teacher conferences, the teacher first handed us an essay about how my daughter wanted a cat, and then an imaginary story about where she would like to go on vacation: Catville. It was then that my wife and I came to the realization that our daughter wasn’t just messing around here. And it was time for us to break down. But before we brought our new cat home, my wife sternly warned us that she was not going to be the one to take care of or clean up after the cat. Flora was going to take full responsibility. Fine, my daughter said. We welcomed our mini family member into the house right around Christmas. We named her Goldy. When we got her, she peed everywhere. But other than that, she was perfect. My tough-talking wife gradually fell in love with Goldy. And Goldy fell in love with her. Of course, it’s not just my wife who loves Goldy. We all do. There are so many things about that cat that absolutely brighten our life, highlighted by how she nearly bursts with affection (喜爱) when we come home or wake up in the moning. From the moment Goldy came into our house, it seemed unreasonable that we didn’t have a cat before then. We should have settled down to the decision much earlier. 4. What led the family to rethink about the idea of keeping a cat? A. The author’s promise. B. The teacher’s advice C. The wife’s expectation. D. The daughter’s effort. 5. What does the underlined word “sternly” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Serously. B. Curiously. C. Anxiously. D. Ambitiously. 6. What kinad ot person is theauthor’s wife? A. Inspiring and patient. B. Principled and kindhearted. C. Virtuous and traditional. D. Positive and professional. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Comforting Cat B. My Determined daughter C. Best Decision Ever D. Family Means Everything Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and how it is served matters, too. When people do, they take much more than they eat. Compared with ordering from the menu, buffet breakfasts waste more food — up to twice as much, according to one study. Experts have puzzled for years over how to encourage eaters to show a little control. Previous research has found that factors which influence how much ends up in the bin range from nationality to the size of the plates. The passive-aggressive signs on some buffet tables asking guests to take only what they know they will polish off have been shown to increase the piles of leftovers. Now researchers in Norway and Italy have cooked up a new idea. They have built a virtual breakfast buffet populated with virtual guests and are using it to find the best strategies to make buffet-goers leave behind fewer leftovers. The team settled on four main motivations guiding their model’s buffet goers: peckishness (饥饿), the desire to live sustainably, social pressure and self-control. They then overlaid external drivers that turned those motives into behaviour. These altered variables such as the duration of the buffet, the size of plates and the diversity of food on offer. The result suggested the most important influence in limiting waste was, unsurprisingly, someone’s attitude to sustainability. Plate size was the most important of the external drivers: although the people in the model with both small and large plates went back for more, those with smaller plates tended to finish what they took. How long guests were allowed to stick around and what food they could enjoy had less of an impact. Hotels could use the virtual buffet to minimise food waste. They could see what happens if plates were 20% smaller, for example. They could also work out exactly how those annoying signs could be rewritten to have the most useful effect given a hotelier’s typical customers. 8. What is the problem for buffets? A. Offering proper service. B. Satisfying eaters’ tastes. C. Controlling portion size. D. Adjusting eating duration. 9. What affects buffet-goers most according to the model? A. Peer pressure. B. Green mindset. C. Plate size. D. Nationality. 10. How does the virtual buffet benefit hotels? A. It enriches the menu. B. It changes service hours. C. It rearranges table signs. D. It provides practical data. 11. What is a suitable title for the text? A. A Shift in Breakfast Buffet Habits. B. Virtual Model Lowers Breakfast Waste. C. Live Your Day with Sustainable Food. D. A Computer Module for Buffet Breakfasts. South Florida’s coastal seawalls, which Keith Van de Riet, a professor at the University of Kansas, fittingly names the “forgotten edge”, have long posed a severe threat to marine ecosystems. These man-made concrete structures, originally built to protect human properties, have replaced the natural life-sustaining intertidal (潮间) zones with smooth single-dimensional surfaces, significantly destroying habitats that once supported a wealth of marine creatures. As an architect and a keen fisherman, Van de Riet observed that large-scale seawall construction had eliminated winding mangrove forests and streams in the life-rich intertidal zone, where oysters, crabs and fish once thrived (繁荣). Marine organisms, which rely on gaps and holes for shelter and reproduction, find such smooth structures totally uninhabitable. He was deeply concerned about this issue. Drawing on nature’s wisdom, Van de Riet created mangrove planters after careful research and design. These planters are intentionally cut roughly to copy natural oyster beds and mangrove roots which provide essential habitat for marine life. When hung on otherwise featureless seawalls, each planter can house two living mangrove trees, creating small but vital ecosystems that sustain marine species. In 2023, Van de Riet had his first set of one-of-a-kind planters installed on a newly built seawall in a residential canal in South Florida. The results exceeded expectations. Within months, fish, oysters and other marine life occupied the area, turning the dead-end canal into a thriving coastal ecosystem. Rachel Gittman, a coastal ecologist, warns that copying the complexity of natural habitats is tough yet acknowledges that Van de Riet’s planters outperform conventional seawalls by balancing human needs and marine biodiversity. She notes that scaling up such innovations requires significant policy adjustments from national and local governments. 12. Why does Van de Riet call the seawalls “forgotten edge”? A. To reveal a marine possibility. B. To criticize faulty architecture. C. To expose ignored ecological harm. D. To emphasize geographical location. 13. What is the core concept behind Van de Riet’s design? A. Nature-based habitat restoration. B. Harmony with coastal beauty. C. Human-focused landscape engineering. D. Survival of the fittest in nature. 14. How do Van de Riet’s planters mainly function? A. Purifying sea water. B. Establishing artificial nesting sites. C. Securing residential areas. D. Weakening wave force on seawalls. 15. What does Gittman think is a must to promote innovations like the planters? A. Rich experience. B. Public participation. C. Official initiatives. D. Financial investment. 二、七选五 Dealing with Appearance Anxiety Appearance anxiety means worrying too much about how you look, which is especially common among teenagers. ____16____ For example, spending hours checking carefully edited selfies on social media or comparing your appearance with others often leads to negative thoughts. Such constant worries not only damage self-confidence but may also lead to avoiding social situations like school events or group activities. Fortunately, there are ways to handle these feelings. The first step is to practice kindness toward yourself. Instead of thinking “My hair looks messy,” try saying “My hair protects me from the sun.” ____17____ Also, writing down three things your body helps you do daily (like “My arms let me hug my friends”) also builds lasting confidence. Creative activities and sports offer healthy ways to shift focus. ____18____ Also, team sports like basketball teach players to value skills over appearance, with 72% of players claiming teamwork makes them value ability over appearance. Even easy activities like walking can calm your mind by producing stress-relieving chemicals. ____19____ Choose friends who avoid comments on looks and join school clubs that welcome everyone. Adults like teachers can teach helpful tricks, like using apps to record feelings or ways to stay positive. Cutting down time on apps that make you compare yourself is another smart move. Remember, true beauty isn’t about being perfect physically. ____20____ When we care more about being kind and brave than looking a certain way, we start seeing real beauty in who people are, not just how they appear. A. Limit your Internet exposure. B. Turn to trusted people for help. C. Social comparison is the major cause. D. Regular exercise improves physical health. E. Such changes boost how you view yourself. F. It is about the special things that make you “you”. G. Painting helps focus on creativity rather than looks. 三、完形填空（15空） Wyatt Smuszko, a teenager with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), felt lonely as he grew. His mother, Deanne Frère, watched with a heavy heart because his opportunities to connect with the world ____21____ . That’s when Deanne and her son ____22____ an idea — a stall (摊位) called “Wild Wild Wyatt” and Wyatt became “the boss” of his own business selling second-hand cowboy clothing. Soon this pop-up stall became his unique ____23____ . “There, he learned to look customers in the eye, shake hands, and explain the story behind each ____24____ shirt and pair of boots.” recalled Deanne. People didn’t just buy; they ____25____ . They stopped for a while, chatting with Wyatt, knowing their ____26____ was for a larger cause. Wyatt’s stall soon piled up with donated cowboy clothing from a (n) ____27____ community. After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $ 5,000 for charity. Upon his graduation, he ____28____ the business proudly to Samantha Webber, a 15-year-old with the same disease and a fan of cowboy clothing who had once bought her first pair of cowboy boots from him. ____29____, Samantha stepped right into the role of running the business, which she renamed “Stampede Samantha’s Country Sparkle”. Like Wyatt, she organized new ____30____ and planned to donate her profits to charity. Watching Samantha greet her first customer, Wyatt____31____. For him, the greatest ____32____ wasn’t the money raised, but the confidence gained and the ____33____ that his idea would develop in Samantha’s hands. From Wyatt’s first brave “ ____34____ ” to Samantha’s successful takeover, what began as a solution to isolation blossomed into a ____35____ of kindness. 21. A. surfaced B. faded C. multiplied D. changed 22. A. ruled out B. struggled with C. hit upon D. made up 23. A. laboratory B. classroom C. dorm D. office 24. A. well-worn B. hard-won C. home-made D. custom-fit 25. A. bargained B. compromised C. celebrated D. connected 26. A. approval B. curiosity C. sacrifice D. purchase 27. A. supportive B. energetic C. wealthy D. competitive 28. A. narrowed down B. handed over C. showed off D. brought back 29. A. Nervous B. Relieved C. Thrilled D. Hesitant 30. A. sales B. talks C. games D. shows 31. A. shouted B. bowed C. sighed D. smiled 32. A. challenge B. secret C. reward D. idea 33. A. proposal B. knowledge C. assumption D. lesson 34. A. hello B. thanks C. no D. goodbye 35. A. source B. word C. history D. chain 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientist Lu Qi ____36____ (award) the title of 2024 Champions of the Earth of Science and Innovation by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for his contributions to ____37____ (address) desertification (沙漠化), land degradation and drought on last Tuesday. Lu is the chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Forestry and founding president of the Institute of Great Green Wall. He is the first Chinese ____38____ has been honored in this category. According to the UNEP, Lu has played a key role in carrying out the world’s largest afforestation (造林) project ____39____ in establishing expert research networks and partnerships. This award is the highest ____40____ (recognize) and greatest encouragement for China’s forestry and grassland efforts, especially for the scientists and technologists ____41____ (devote) to sand control. The annual Champions of the Earth Award, the UN’s highest environmental honor, recognizes pioneers making efforts ____42____ (protect) the people and the planet. 122 recipients (接受者) of the award have been honored for outstanding and inspirational environmental leadership ____43____ 2005. Lu said the Champions of the Earth Award would inspire more scientists and ecological workers, particularly younger generations, to contribute ____44____ (active) to global environmental protection and the achievement of the UN’s 2030 Goals. Lu also expressed a desire to see more ____45____ (effect) and adaptable desertification control technologies shared globally through initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. 五、书面表达 46. 假定你是李华，你发现学校组织的海外游学存在“重观光，轻交流”的现象，请你就此给学校英文报投稿，内容包括： （1）陈述现象； （2）你的建议和理由。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Windows, Not Just Mirrors: Redefining Study Tours _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、读后续写 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mum’s Present Jessie, a lively and cheerful young girl, was looking forward to Christmas with great anticipation. On a crisp, frosty morning, the sun peeked through the icy clouds, casting a pale glow over the world. She joined her brothers, Jamie and Joe, on an exciting adventure to the woods. Their boots cracked rhythmically on the ground, which was blanketed with a thin layer of shining snow. The air was filled with the fresh smell of pine, and ice sticks hung from the tree branches, like nature’s own Christmas decorations. Jessie was dressed warmly in her little cap, a soft, white fur coat that kept the cold at bay, and her bright red pants that added a pop of color to the wintry scene. As they walked through the woods, collecting green branches to decorate their simple home for the festive season, Jessie’s heart was heavy. Her mother’s words echoed in her mind: “The children will all have Christmas presents, but I don’t expect any for myself. We are too poor this year.” Jessie remembered the way her mother had said it, with a soft smile on her face to hide the sadness. When Jessie shared this with her brothers, their faces fell, and they crowded together under a large oak tree to discuss it seriously. “Such a good, kind mum, and no Christmas present! It’s too bad,” Jessie said, her voice filled with sadness. A single tear welled up in her eyes, reflecting the disappointment she felt. The thought of her mother going without a gift on Christmas, a day meant for joy and giving, was almost unbearable. “Oh, she has you,” Joe tried to comfort her, putting an arm around her shoulders. “But I am not something new,” Jessie replied, frowning. She wanted to give her mother something real, something that would show how much she was loved. “Well, you will be new, Jessie,” Joe said with a twinkle in his eye, “when you get back. She has not seen you for an hour.” Jamie, who had been deep in thought, suddenly brightened up. “We could make a special gift for Mum!” 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Jessie’s face lit up with excitement. “I myself could be a great gift!” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mum, curious and a bit puzzled, went to the door and saw the big basket. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026年西和县第二中学、第三中学、第四中学、西和成名高级中学高一下学期期中考试 英语试卷 一、阅读理解 Castles in Switzerland Spiez Castle Built in 933 by the King of Burgundy, Rudolph II, the castle is not just a historical monument (历史遗迹), but also a lively cultural center. The gardens are now open to the public and the castle rooms are used for a variety of events, including conferences, concerts, and exhibitions. Address: Schlossstrasse 16, Spiez Opening hours: Monday, 14:00-17:00; Tuesday-Sunday, 10:00-17:00 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 5.00 (6-16); CHF 12.00 (Adults) Hünegg Castle Built between 1861 and 1863, the castle is home to the Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau Museum. The castle offers visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and see history come to life. Address: Staatstrasse 52, Hilterfingen Opening hours: Monday closed; Tuesday-Saturday, 14:00-17:00; Sunday, 11:00-17:00 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 5.00 (6-16); CHF 10.00 (Adults) Oberhofen Castle The castle was built in the early 1200s. It offers a unique window into the building styles and living conditions of the past. In 1952, it became a part of the Historical Museum of Bern, and a branch was opened in the castle two years later. Address: Schloss 4, Oberhofen am Thunersee Opening hours: Monday closed; Tuesday-Sunday,11:00-17:00 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 6.00 (6-16); CHF 14.00 (Adults) Thun Castle The castle dates back to the 12th century. As a Swiss heritage site of national significance,it offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore and understand the rich history of Switzerland. Address: Schlossberg 1, Thun Opening hours: Daily, 10:00-17:30 Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 3. 00 (6-16); CHF 10. 00 (Adults) 1. Where is the oldest of the four castles? A. Schlossberg 1, Thun. B. Schlossstrasse 16, Spiez. C. Staatstrasse 52, Hilterfingen. D. Schloss 4, Oberhofen am Thunersee. 2. How much should a couple pay to visit a branch of the Historical Museum of Bern? A. CHF 12. 00. B. CHF 20. 00. C. CHF 24. 00. D. CHF 28. 00. 3. Which castle is open to visitors at 11:00 on Monday? A. Thun Castle. B. Spiez Castle. C. Hünegg Castle. D. Oberhofen Castle. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了瑞士四座城堡的基本信息、开放时间及门票价格。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Spiez Castle部分“Built in 933 by the King of Burgundy, (由勃艮第国王于933年建造)”、Hünegg Castle部分“Built between 1861 and 1863,(建于1861年至1863年之间)”、Oberhofen Castle部分“The castle was built in the early 1200s.(这座城堡建于13世纪初)”以及Thun Castle部分“The castle dates back to the 12th century. (这座城堡的历史可以追溯到12世纪)”可知，Spiez Castle建造于933年，是四座城堡中最古老的，根据其地址信息“Address: Schlossstrasse 16, Spiez”可知，它位于Schlossstrasse 16, Spiez。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Oberhofen Castle部分“In 1952, it became a part of the Historical Museum of Bern, and a branch was opened in the castle two years later. (1952年，它成为伯尔尼历史博物馆的一部分，两年后在城堡开设了一个分馆)”以及“Admission: Free (0-5); CHF 6.00 (6-16); CHF 14.00 (Adults)(门票：0-5岁免费；6-16岁6瑞士法郎；成人14瑞士法郎)”可知，参观伯尔尼历史博物馆的分馆即参观奥伯霍芬城堡，成人门票为14瑞士法郎，因此一对夫妇需支付28瑞士法郎。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Thun Castle部分“Opening hours: Daily, 10:00-17:30 (营业时间：每日10:00-17:30)”可知，图恩城堡周一11:00对游客开放。故选A项。 My wife isn’t a cat person. So when our daughter Flora started asking for a cat several years ago, my wife politely refused her requests and we didn’t give it a second thought. Flora, though shares some of my wife’s persistence, so she continued to ask for a cat repeatedly for several years. Then a couple of things happened that made as take a closer look at things. When we went to Flora’s parent-teacher conferences, the teacher first handed us an essay about how my daughter wanted a cat, and then an imaginary story about where she would like to go on vacation: Catville. It was then that my wife and I came to the realization that our daughter wasn’t just messing around here. And it was time for us to break down. But before we brought our new cat home, my wife sternly warned us that she was not going to be the one to take care of or clean up after the cat. Flora was going to take full responsibility. Fine, my daughter said. We welcomed our mini family member into the house right around Christmas. We named her Goldy. When we got her, she peed everywhere. But other than that, she was perfect. My tough-talking wife gradually fell in love with Goldy. And Goldy fell in love with her. Of course, it’s not just my wife who loves Goldy. We all do. There are so many things about that cat that absolutely brighten our life, highlighted by how she nearly bursts with affection (喜爱) when we come home or wake up in the moning. From the moment Goldy came into our house, it seemed unreasonable that we didn’t have a cat before then. We should have settled down to the decision much earlier. 4. What led the family to rethink about the idea of keeping a cat? A. The author’s promise. B. The teacher’s advice C. The wife’s expectation. D. The daughter’s effort. 5. What does the underlined word “sternly” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Serously. B. Curiously. C. Anxiously. D. Ambitiously. 6. What kinad ot person is theauthor’s wife? A. Inspiring and patient. B. Principled and kindhearted. C. Virtuous and traditional. D. Positive and professional. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Comforting Cat B. My Determined daughter C. Best Decision Ever D. Family Means Everything 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本篇是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个小女孩成功说服父母，得偿所愿抚养了一只小猫的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we went to Flora’s parent-teacher conferences, the teacher first handed us an essay about how my daughter wanted a cat, and then an imaginary story about where she would like to go on vacation: Catville.(当我们去参加弗洛拉的家长会时，老师先给了我们一篇关于我女儿多么想要一只猫的文章，然后给了我们一个关于她想去哪里度假的虚构故事：卡维尔)”可知，女孩的坚持不懈的努力使得父母重新考虑养猫的事，故选D。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“warned us that she was not going to be the one to take care of or clean up after the cat. Flora was going to take full responsibility.(她警告我们，她不会是那个照顾或清理猫的人。弗洛拉会承担全部责任)”以及第四段中的“My tough-talking wife gradually fell in love with Goldy.(我说话强硬的妻子渐渐爱上了戈尔迪)”可知，妻子刚开始强调自己坚决不碰猫，要女儿自己负责照顾猫，因此妻子的态度是坚定且严肃的。由此可知，划线词sternly与serously“严肃地”。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flora was going to take full responsibility.(弗洛拉会承担全部责任)”及第四段中的“My tough-talking wife gradually fell in love with Goldy.(我说话强硬的妻子渐渐爱上了戈尔迪)”可知，妻子在同意养猫时给女儿立下了规矩，在养猫后自己也爱上了小猫。由此推知，作者的妻子是有原则且有爱心的。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We should have settled down to the decision much earlier.(我们本应该更早地作出决定)”可知，一家人都爱上了这只小猫，并且后悔为何没有早一些将猫带回家。由此可知，C项“Best Decision Ever.(最好的决定)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and how it is served matters, too. When people do, they take much more than they eat. Compared with ordering from the menu, buffet breakfasts waste more food — up to twice as much, according to one study. Experts have puzzled for years over how to encourage eaters to show a little control. Previous research has found that factors which influence how much ends up in the bin range from nationality to the size of the plates. The passive-aggressive signs on some buffet tables asking guests to take only what they know they will polish off have been shown to increase the piles of leftovers. Now researchers in Norway and Italy have cooked up a new idea. They have built a virtual breakfast buffet populated with virtual guests and are using it to find the best strategies to make buffet-goers leave behind fewer leftovers. The team settled on four main motivations guiding their model’s buffet goers: peckishness (饥饿), the desire to live sustainably, social pressure and self-control. They then overlaid external drivers that turned those motives into behaviour. These altered variables such as the duration of the buffet, the size of plates and the diversity of food on offer. The result suggested the most important influence in limiting waste was, unsurprisingly, someone’s attitude to sustainability. Plate size was the most important of the external drivers: although the people in the model with both small and large plates went back for more, those with smaller plates tended to finish what they took. How long guests were allowed to stick around and what food they could enjoy had less of an impact. Hotels could use the virtual buffet to minimise food waste. They could see what happens if plates were 20% smaller, for example. They could also work out exactly how those annoying signs could be rewritten to have the most useful effect given a hotelier’s typical customers. 8. What is the problem for buffets? A. Offering proper service. B. Satisfying eaters’ tastes. C. Controlling portion size. D. Adjusting eating duration. 9. What affects buffet-goers most according to the model? A. Peer pressure. B. Green mindset. C. Plate size. D. Nationality. 10. How does the virtual buffet benefit hotels? A. It enriches the menu. B. It changes service hours. C. It rearranges table signs. D. It provides practical data. 11. What is a suitable title for the text? A. A Shift in Breakfast Buffet Habits. B. Virtual Model Lowers Breakfast Waste. C. Live Your Day with Sustainable Food. D. A Computer Module for Buffet Breakfasts. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】主要探讨自助餐早餐食物浪费这一问题，专家多年来一直在寻找鼓励食客控制食量的方法，以往研究发现多种影响食物浪费的因素，但一些措施效果不佳。如今挪威和意大利的研究人员构建虚拟早餐自助餐模型，发现影响减少浪费的最重要因素是人们对可持续发展的态度，且模型能为酒店提供实用数据以减少食物浪费。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Compared with ordering from the menu, buffet breakfasts waste more food — up to twice as much, according to one study.(一项研究表明，与从菜单点餐相比，自助早餐浪费的食物更多——多达两倍)”以及第二段“Experts have puzzled for years over how to encourage eaters to show a little control.(多年来，专家们一直困惑于如何鼓励食客有所节制)”可知，自助餐面临的问题是难以控制食客的食物分量，导致浪费严重。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The result suggested the most important influence in limiting waste was, unsurprisingly, someone’s attitude to sustainability.(结果表明，不出所料，限制浪费的最重要影响因素是人们对可持续发展的态度)”可知，根据该模型，对自助餐食客影响最大的是他们对可持续发展的态度，即环保心态。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hotels could use the virtual buffet to minimise food waste. They could see what happens if plates were 20% smaller, for example. They could also work out exactly how those annoying signs could be rewritten to have the most useful effect given a hotelier’s typical customers.(酒店可以利用这个虚拟自助餐模型来尽量减少食物浪费。例如，他们可以看到如果盘子小20%会发生什么。他们还可以根据酒店的典型顾客，准确计算出那些烦人的标识如何改写才能产生最有用的效果)”可知，虚拟自助餐模型能为酒店提供如盘子大小变化、标识改写等方面的实用数据，帮助酒店减少食物浪费。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。文章围绕自助餐食物浪费问题，介绍研究人员构建虚拟早餐自助餐模型，通过该模型发现影响减少浪费的因素，并为酒店提供减少食物浪费的实用数据，所以B选项“Virtual Model Lowers Breakfast Waste(虚拟模型减少早餐浪费)”最能概括文章主旨,为最佳标题。 South Florida’s coastal seawalls, which Keith Van de Riet, a professor at the University of Kansas, fittingly names the “forgotten edge”, have long posed a severe threat to marine ecosystems. These man-made concrete structures, originally built to protect human properties, have replaced the natural life-sustaining intertidal (潮间) zones with smooth single-dimensional surfaces, significantly destroying habitats that once supported a wealth of marine creatures. As an architect and a keen fisherman, Van de Riet observed that large-scale seawall construction had eliminated winding mangrove forests and streams in the life-rich intertidal zone, where oysters, crabs and fish once thrived (繁荣). Marine organisms, which rely on gaps and holes for shelter and reproduction, find such smooth structures totally uninhabitable. He was deeply concerned about this issue. Drawing on nature’s wisdom, Van de Riet created mangrove planters after careful research and design. These planters are intentionally cut roughly to copy natural oyster beds and mangrove roots which provide essential habitat for marine life. When hung on otherwise featureless seawalls, each planter can house two living mangrove trees, creating small but vital ecosystems that sustain marine species. In 2023, Van de Riet had his first set of one-of-a-kind planters installed on a newly built seawall in a residential canal in South Florida. The results exceeded expectations. Within months, fish, oysters and other marine life occupied the area, turning the dead-end canal into a thriving coastal ecosystem. Rachel Gittman, a coastal ecologist, warns that copying the complexity of natural habitats is tough yet acknowledges that Van de Riet’s planters outperform conventional seawalls by balancing human needs and marine biodiversity. She notes that scaling up such innovations requires significant policy adjustments from national and local governments. 12. Why does Van de Riet call the seawalls “forgotten edge”? A. To reveal a marine possibility. B. To criticize faulty architecture. C. To expose ignored ecological harm. D. To emphasize geographical location. 13. What is the core concept behind Van de Riet’s design? A. Nature-based habitat restoration. B. Harmony with coastal beauty. C. Human-focused landscape engineering. D. Survival of the fittest in nature. 14. How do Van de Riet’s planters mainly function? A. Purifying sea water. B. Establishing artificial nesting sites. C. Securing residential areas. D. Weakening wave force on seawalls. 15. What does Gittman think is a must to promote innovations like the planters? A. Rich experience. B. Public participation. C. Official initiatives. D. Financial investment. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文通过介绍Keith Van de Riet设计的红树林种植器，说明基于自然智慧的创新设计可以有效修复被传统海堤破坏的海洋生态系统，并呼吁政府和政策层面的支持以推广此类解决方案。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“South Florida’s coastal seawalls, which Keith Van de Riet, a professor at the University of Kansas, fittingly names the “forgotten edge”, have long posed a severe threat to marine ecosystems. These man-made concrete structures, originally built to protect human properties, have replaced the natural life-sustaining intertidal (潮间) zones with smooth single-dimensional surfaces, significantly destroying habitats that once supported a wealth of marine creatures.(南佛罗里达沿海的海堤——堪萨斯大学教授Keith Van de Riet称之为“被遗忘的边缘”——长期以来对海洋生态系统构成了严重威胁。这些人造混凝土结构最初是为了保护人类财产而建造的，却用光滑的单维表面取代了原本维持生命的天然潮间带，严重破坏了曾经孕育丰富海洋生物的栖息地。)”可知，Keith Van de Riet称海堤为“被遗忘的边缘”，是因为这些结构长期对海洋生态系统造成严重威胁，破坏了原本丰富的栖息地，而这种生态危害一直被忽视。因此，他使用这一称呼是为了揭示被忽略的生态破坏。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Drawing on nature’s wisdom, Van de Riet created mangrove planters after careful research and design. These planters are intentionally cut roughly to copy natural oyster beds and mangrove roots which provide essential habitat for marine life.(借鉴自然的智慧，Van de Riet经过仔细的研究和设计，创造出了红树林种植器。这些种植器故意切割得粗糙，以模仿天然牡蛎床和红树林根系，为海洋生物提供必要的栖息地。)”可知，Van de Riet的设计核心是借鉴自然的智慧，通过模仿天然牡蛎床和红树林根系来恢复海洋生物的栖息地，这体现了基于自然的栖息地恢复理念。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When hung on otherwise featureless seawalls, each planter can house two living mangrove trees, creating small but vital ecosystems that sustain marine species.(当挂在原本毫无特征的海堤上时，每个种植器可以容纳两棵活的红树林，形成微小但至关重要的生态系统，维持海洋物种的生存。)”可知，种植器的主要功能是在无特征的海堤上建立人工生态系统，为鱼类、牡蛎等海洋生物提供栖息和繁殖的场所，即人工巢位。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She notes that scaling up such innovations requires significant policy adjustments from national and local governments.(她指出，要推广这类创新，需要国家和地方政府进行重大的政策调整。)”可知，Gittman认为，推广这类创新需要国家和地方政府的重大政策调整，即官方层面的行动。 二、七选五 Dealing with Appearance Anxiety Appearance anxiety means worrying too much about how you look, which is especially common among teenagers. ____16____ For example, spending hours checking carefully edited selfies on social media or comparing your appearance with others often leads to negative thoughts. Such constant worries not only damage self-confidence but may also lead to avoiding social situations like school events or group activities. Fortunately, there are ways to handle these feelings. The first step is to practice kindness toward yourself. Instead of thinking “My hair looks messy,” try saying “My hair protects me from the sun.” ____17____ Also, writing down three things your body helps you do daily (like “My arms let me hug my friends”) also builds lasting confidence. Creative activities and sports offer healthy ways to shift focus. ____18____ Also, team sports like basketball teach players to value skills over appearance, with 72% of players claiming teamwork makes them value ability over appearance. Even easy activities like walking can calm your mind by producing stress-relieving chemicals. ____19____ Choose friends who avoid comments on looks and join school clubs that welcome everyone. Adults like teachers can teach helpful tricks, like using apps to record feelings or ways to stay positive. Cutting down time on apps that make you compare yourself is another smart move. Remember, true beauty isn’t about being perfect physically. ____20____ When we care more about being kind and brave than looking a certain way, we start seeing real beauty in who people are, not just how they appear. A. Limit your Internet exposure. B. Turn to trusted people for help. C. Social comparison is the major cause. D. Regular exercise improves physical health. E. Such changes boost how you view yourself. F. It is about the special things that make you “you”. G. Painting helps focus on creativity rather than looks. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. G 19. B 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何应对外貌焦虑的方法，包括自我关怀、参与创造性活动和运动、寻求信任的人帮助以及认识到真正的美在于内在特质。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Appearance anxiety means worrying too much about how you look, which is especially common among teenagers. (外貌焦虑指的是过度担心自己的外表，这种情况在青少年中尤为常见。)”以及下文“For example, spending hours checking carefully edited selfies on social media or comparing your appearance with others often leads to negative thoughts. (例如，花几个小时在社交媒体上查看精心编辑的自拍照，或者将自己的外表与他人进行比较，往往会导致消极的想法。)”可知，上文说明了外貌焦虑的成因，下文具体举例说明了原因，即与他人进行比较，C选项“Social comparison is the major cause. (社会比较是主要原因。)”承上启下，且其中“Social comparison”与下文“comparing your appearance with others”相呼应。故选C项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“The first step is to practice kindness toward yourself. Instead of thinking “My hair looks messy,” try saying “My hair protects me from the sun.” (第一步是对自己友善。不要想“我的头发看起来很乱”，试着说“我的头发保护我免受阳光的伤害。”)”以及下文“Also, writing down three things your body helps you do daily (like “My arms let me hug my friends”) also builds lasting confidence. (此外，写下你的身体每天帮你做的三件事（比如“我的手臂让我能拥抱朋友”）也能建立持久的自信。)”可知，此处应说明这种思维转变的作用，E选项“Such changes boost how you view yourself. (这样的改变会提升你对自己的看法。)”，中的“Such changes”指代上文从消极想法到积极想法的转变，且“boost how you view yourself”与下文“builds lasting confidence”相呼应。故选E项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Creative activities and sports offer healthy ways to shift focus. (创造性活动和运动提供了转移注意力的健康方式。)”以及下文“Also, team sports like basketball teach players to value skills over appearance, with 72% of players claiming teamwork makes them value ability over appearance. (此外，像篮球这样的团队运动教会运动员重视技能而非外表，72%的运动员表示团队合作让他们更重视能力而非外表。)”可知，上文提出创造性活动和运动可以转移对外貌的注意力，下文举例说明了团队运动的作用，G选项“Painting helps focus on creativity rather than looks. (绘画有助于关注创造力而非外表。)”，举例说明了创造性活动的作用，与上下文构成并列关系。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Choose friends who avoid comments on looks and join school clubs that welcome everyone. Adults like teachers can teach helpful tricks, like using apps to record feelings or ways to stay positive. Cutting down time on apps that make you compare yourself is another smart move. (选择那些避免评论外表的朋友，加入欢迎每个人的学校俱乐部。像老师这样的成年人可以教一些有用的技巧，比如使用应用程序记录感受或保持积极的方法。减少花在那些让你与人攀比的应用程序上的时间是另一个明智之举。)”可知，本段主要讲的是向信任的人求助、选择合适的社交圈以及减少不良信息影响等，B选项“Turn to trusted people for help. (向信任的人寻求帮助。)”，概括了段落中关于朋友和老师的建议，可作为段落主旨句。故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Remember, true beauty isn’t about being perfect physically. (记住，真正的美不在于外表的完美。)”以及下文“When we care more about being kind and brave than looking a certain way, we start seeing real beauty in who people are, not just how they appear. (当我们更关心善良和勇敢，而不是外表时，我们开始看到人们真正的美丽，而不仅仅是他们的外表。)”可知，上文提出真正的美不在于外表的完美，下文进一步说明真正的美在于内在特质，F选项“It is about the special things that make you “you”. (它是关于那些让你成为“你”的特殊品质。)”， 承接上文，说明真正的美在于个人独特的内在特质，且与下文“being kind and brave”等内在品质相呼应，与上下文构成递进关系。故选F项。 三、完形填空（15空） Wyatt Smuszko, a teenager with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), felt lonely as he grew. His mother, Deanne Frère, watched with a heavy heart because his opportunities to connect with the world ____21____ . That’s when Deanne and her son ____22____ an idea — a stall (摊位) called “Wild Wild Wyatt” and Wyatt became “the boss” of his own business selling second-hand cowboy clothing. Soon this pop-up stall became his unique ____23____ . “There, he learned to look customers in the eye, shake hands, and explain the story behind each ____24____ shirt and pair of boots.” recalled Deanne. People didn’t just buy; they ____25____ . They stopped for a while, chatting with Wyatt, knowing their ____26____ was for a larger cause. Wyatt’s stall soon piled up with donated cowboy clothing from a (n) ____27____ community. After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $ 5,000 for charity. Upon his graduation, he ____28____ the business proudly to Samantha Webber, a 15-year-old with the same disease and a fan of cowboy clothing who had once bought her first pair of cowboy boots from him. ____29____, Samantha stepped right into the role of running the business, which she renamed “Stampede Samantha’s Country Sparkle”. Like Wyatt, she organized new ____30____ and planned to donate her profits to charity. Watching Samantha greet her first customer, Wyatt____31____. For him, the greatest ____32____ wasn’t the money raised, but the confidence gained and the ____33____ that his idea would develop in Samantha’s hands. From Wyatt’s first brave “ ____34____ ” to Samantha’s successful takeover, what began as a solution to isolation blossomed into a ____35____ of kindness. 21. A. surfaced B. faded C. multiplied D. changed 22. A. ruled out B. struggled with C. hit upon D. made up 23. A. laboratory B. classroom C. dorm D. office 24. A. well-worn B. hard-won C. home-made D. custom-fit 25. A. bargained B. compromised C. celebrated D. connected 26. A. approval B. curiosity C. sacrifice D. purchase 27. A. supportive B. energetic C. wealthy D. competitive 28. A. narrowed down B. handed over C. showed off D. brought back 29. A. Nervous B. Relieved C. Thrilled D. Hesitant 30. A. sales B. talks C. games D. shows 31. A. shouted B. bowed C. sighed D. smiled 32. A. challenge B. secret C. reward D. idea 33. A. proposal B. knowledge C. assumption D. lesson 34. A. hello B. thanks C. no D. goodbye 35. A. source B. word C. history D. chain 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述唐氏综合征少年怀亚特因孤独与母亲创办二手牛仔服饰摊位，学会交流并为慈善筹款5000美元。他毕业后将摊位传给同龄患者萨曼莎，这份善意与事业得以传承。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲德安妮·弗雷尔心情沉重地注视着他，因为儿子与外界接触的机会越来越少。A. surfaced浮出水面；B. faded逐渐消失，褪色；C. multiplied增加；D. changed改变。根据上文“felt lonely as he grew”可知，指儿子因为患有唐氏综合征，与外界接触的机会越来越少。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在那时，黛安娜和她的儿子想到了一个主意——开一家名为“狂野的威亚特”的店铺，而威亚特则成为了自己二手牛仔服饰销售生意的“老板”。A. ruled out排除；B. struggled with与……斗争；C. hit upon想到；D. made up组成。根据后文“an idea — a stall called “Wild Wild Wyatt””可知，他们想到了开店的主意。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，这个临时搭建的摊位就成了他专属的教室。A. laboratory实验室；B. classroom教室；C. dorm宿舍；D. office办公室。根据后文“he learned to look customers in the eye, shake hands, and explain the story”可知，摊位成了儿子学习社交的地方，即教室。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在那里，他学会了要直视顾客的眼睛、握手，并且能够向他们详细讲述每一件破旧衬衫和每一双靴子背后的故事。”黛安回忆道。A. well-worn旧的；B. hard-won来之不易的；C. home-made自制的；D. custom-fit定制的。根据上文“selling second-hand cowboy clothing”可知，摊位出售二手物品，即讲述每一件破旧衬衫和每一双靴子背后的故事。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们不再只是购买商品，而是建立了联系。A. bargained讨价还价；B. compromised妥协；C. celebrated庆祝；D. connected连接。根据后文“They stopped for a while, chatting with Wyatt”可知，顾客和儿子建立了联系。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们停了下来，与怀亚特交谈了一会儿，他们清楚这次购买是为了一个更大的目标。A. approval赞成；B. curiosity好奇心；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. purchase购买。呼应上文“People didn’t just buy”指人们清楚这次购买是为了一个更大的目标。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特的摊位很快就堆满了来自一个支持他的社区捐赠的牛仔服饰。A. supportive支持的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. wealthy富有的；D. competitive竞争的。根据后文“After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $5, 000 for charity.(经过两年的不懈努力，怀亚特为慈善事业筹集到了令人瞩目的5000美元善款)”可知，摊位筹集善款，堆满了来自一个支持他的社区捐赠的牛仔服饰。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，他满怀自豪地将公司交给了萨曼莎·韦伯，萨曼莎今年15岁，患有同样的疾病，还喜欢牛仔服饰。她曾从他那里购买过自己的第一双牛仔靴。A. narrowed down缩小范围；B. handed over交给；C. showed off炫耀；D. brought back带回。根据后文“Samantha stepped right into the role of running the business”可知，怀亚特满怀自豪地将公司交给了萨曼莎·韦伯，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：兴奋不已的萨曼莎毫不犹豫地承担起了经营生意的重任，并将生意更名为“萨曼莎·斯塔姆佩的乡村闪耀”。A. Nervous紧张的；B. Relieved安慰的；C. Thrilled激动的；D. Hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“which she renamed “Stampede Samantha’s Country Sparkle””可知，给生意更名说明对经营生意兴奋不已。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：和怀亚特一样，她组织了新的销售活动，并计划将所得利润捐赠给慈善机构。A. sales销售；B. talks谈话；C. games游戏；D. shows展示。根据上文“his own business selling second-hand cowboy clothing”可知，摊位主要是销售二手物品，和怀亚特一样，她组织了新的销售活动，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着萨曼莎向她的第一位顾客打招呼，怀亚特露出了笑容。A. shouted叫喊；B. bowed鞠躬；C. sighed叹息；D. smiled微笑。根据上文“Watching Samantha greet her first customer, Wyatt”可知，怀亚特把生意交给了萨曼莎经营，所以看着萨曼莎向她的第一位顾客打招呼，怀亚特露出了笑容。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他而言，最大的收获并非筹集到的资金，而是所获得的信心，以及坚信自己的想法会在萨曼莎的手中得以发展。A. challenge挑战；B. secret秘密；C. reward奖励，收获；D. idea想法。根据上文“After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $5,000 for charity.(经过两年的不懈努力，怀亚特为慈善事业筹集到了令人瞩目的5000美元善款)”以及后文“wasn’t the money raised”可知，对他而言，最大的收获并非筹集到的资金，故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对怀亚特而言，最大的回报并非筹集到的资金，而是收获的自信，以及知晓自己的想法能在萨曼莎手中得以延续的欣慰。A. proposal提议；B. knowledge知道，知识；C. assumption假设；D. lesson课程。根据后文“that his idea would develop in Samantha’s hands”可知，他知晓自己的想法能在萨曼莎手中得以延续。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从怀亚特那勇敢的“你好”到萨曼莎的成功接管，起初只是为解决孤独问题而采取的措施，最终却发展成了一个充满善意的“链条”。A. hello你好；B. thanks感谢；C. no不；D. goodbye再见。根据上文“felt lonely as he grew”可知，摊位一开始是为了让怀亚特摆脱孤独，和人们建立联系，即从问候人们“你好”开始，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从怀亚特那勇敢的“你好”到萨曼莎的成功接管，起初只是为解决孤独问题而采取的措施，最终却发展成了一个充满善意的“链条”。A. source来源；B. word单词；C. history历史；D. chain链条。根据上文“the business proudly to Samantha Webber”以及“to Samantha’s successful takeover”可知，善举得到了传递，发展成了一个充满善意的“链条”。故选D。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientist Lu Qi ____36____ (award) the title of 2024 Champions of the Earth of Science and Innovation by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for his contributions to ____37____ (address) desertification (沙漠化), land degradation and drought on last Tuesday. Lu is the chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Forestry and founding president of the Institute of Great Green Wall. He is the first Chinese ____38____ has been honored in this category. According to the UNEP, Lu has played a key role in carrying out the world’s largest afforestation (造林) project ____39____ in establishing expert research networks and partnerships. This award is the highest ____40____ (recognize) and greatest encouragement for China’s forestry and grassland efforts, especially for the scientists and technologists ____41____ (devote) to sand control. The annual Champions of the Earth Award, the UN’s highest environmental honor, recognizes pioneers making efforts ____42____ (protect) the people and the planet. 122 recipients (接受者) of the award have been honored for outstanding and inspirational environmental leadership ____43____ 2005. Lu said the Champions of the Earth Award would inspire more scientists and ecological workers, particularly younger generations, to contribute ____44____ (active) to global environmental protection and the achievement of the UN’s 2030 Goals. Lu also expressed a desire to see more ____45____ (effect) and adaptable desertification control technologies shared globally through initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. 【答案】36. was awarded 37. addressing 38. that##who 39. and 40. recognition 41. devoted 42. to protect 43. since 44. actively 45. effective 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国科学家卢琦因在防治沙漠化领域的贡献获得联合国环保奖的消息。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：中国科学家卢琦上周二因在应对沙漠化、土地退化和干旱方面的贡献，被联合国环境规划署（UNEP）授予2024年度“地球卫士奖”之“科学与创新奖”。根据时间状语last Tuesday可知，事情发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时；主语 Chinese scientist Lu Qi与 award“授予”之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was awarded。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学家卢琦上周二因在应对沙漠化、土地退化和干旱方面的贡献，被联合国环境规划署（UNEP）授予2024年度“地球卫士奖”之“科学与创新奖”。本句谓语为was awarded，此处为非谓语动词，one’s contributions to 表示“某人对……的贡献”，其中to是介词，本空用address“设法解决”的动名词addressing，作宾语。故填addressing。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他是首位获此殊荣的中国人。“____ has been honored in this category”是定语从句，先行词是Chinese，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that或who。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：据联合国环境规划署称，卢琦在实施世界上最大的植树造林项目以及建立专家研究网络和伙伴关系方面发挥了关键作用。in carrying out the world’s largest afforestation (造林) project与in establishing expert research networks and partnerships是并列关系，所以用连词and连接。故填and。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一奖项是对中国林业和草原工作的最高认可，也是对致力于治沙的科技工作者的最大鼓励。本空作表语，且被the highest修饰，应用名词recognition“认可”，故填recognition。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一奖项是对中国林业和草原工作的最高认可，也是对致力于治沙的科技工作者的最大鼓励。be devoted to表示“致力于”，本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，“____ (devote) to sand control”作后置定语，修饰“the scientists and technologists”，故用过去分词形式作定语。故填devoted。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一年一度的“地球卫士奖”是联合国的最高环境奖项，旨在表彰那些为保护人类和地球而努力的先驱者。本句谓语为recognizes，此处为非谓语动词，make efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，为固定搭配，所以本空用动词不定式to protect。故填to protect。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：自2005年以来，已有122位获奖者因杰出且鼓舞人心的环境领导力而获此殊荣。根据have been honored可知，句子时态是现在完成时，“since + 时间点”常与现在完成时连用，表示“自从……以来”，所以此处用介词since。故填since。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：卢琦表示，“地球卫士奖”将激励更多的科学家和生态工作者，尤其是年轻一代，积极为全球环境保护和实现联合国2030年目标做出贡献。本空修饰动词contribute，作状语，用副词actively“积极地”。故填actively。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：卢琦还表示，希望通过“一带一路”倡议和全球发展倡议等举措，在全球范围内分享更多有效且适应性强的荒漠化防治技术。本空修饰 desertification control technologies，用形容词effective“有效的”，与adaptable并列，作定语。故填effective。 五、书面表达 46. 假定你是李华，你发现学校组织的海外游学存在“重观光，轻交流”的现象，请你就此给学校英文报投稿，内容包括： （1）陈述现象； （2）你的建议和理由。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Windows, Not Just Mirrors: Redefining Study Tours _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Windows, Not Just Mirrors: Redefining Study Tours Recently, I’ve found our overseas study tours focus too much on sightseeing instead of real cultural exchange. We seldom connect with local people or their lifestyles. Overseas tours are about deeper connections, not just tourism. We can arrange homestays for students to experience daily life directly. We can also offer hands-on activities like local cooking, traditional craft workshops or music lessons, which encourage active participation and meaningful communication. Besides, letting students shadow a local peer for a full day provides an authentic insight into their life and education. I sincerely hope these proposals will be adopted to create truly immersive and rewarding study tour experiences. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学校海外游学“重观光，轻交流”现象给学校英文报投稿，陈述现象并给出建议理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 集中注意力于：focus on → concentrate on 安排：arrange → schedule 直接地：directly → straightforwardly 鼓励：encourage → inspire 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We can arrange homestays for students to experience daily life directly. 拓展句：We can organize homestays for students so that they can experience daily life in a straightforward manner. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We can also offer hands-on activities like local cooking, traditional craft workshops or music lessons, which encourage active participation and meaningful communication. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I sincerely hope these proposals will be adopted to create truly immersive and rewarding study tour experiences. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句) 六、读后续写 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mum’s Present Jessie, a lively and cheerful young girl, was looking forward to Christmas with great anticipation. On a crisp, frosty morning, the sun peeked through the icy clouds, casting a pale glow over the world. She joined her brothers, Jamie and Joe, on an exciting adventure to the woods. Their boots cracked rhythmically on the ground, which was blanketed with a thin layer of shining snow. The air was filled with the fresh smell of pine, and ice sticks hung from the tree branches, like nature’s own Christmas decorations. Jessie was dressed warmly in her little cap, a soft, white fur coat that kept the cold at bay, and her bright red pants that added a pop of color to the wintry scene. As they walked through the woods, collecting green branches to decorate their simple home for the festive season, Jessie’s heart was heavy. Her mother’s words echoed in her mind: “The children will all have Christmas presents, but I don’t expect any for myself. We are too poor this year.” Jessie remembered the way her mother had said it, with a soft smile on her face to hide the sadness. When Jessie shared this with her brothers, their faces fell, and they crowded together under a large oak tree to discuss it seriously. “Such a good, kind mum, and no Christmas present! It’s too bad,” Jessie said, her voice filled with sadness. A single tear welled up in her eyes, reflecting the disappointment she felt. The thought of her mother going without a gift on Christmas, a day meant for joy and giving, was almost unbearable. “Oh, she has you,” Joe tried to comfort her, putting an arm around her shoulders. “But I am not something new,” Jessie replied, frowning. She wanted to give her mother something real, something that would show how much she was loved. “Well, you will be new, Jessie,” Joe said with a twinkle in his eye, “when you get back. She has not seen you for an hour.” Jamie, who had been deep in thought, suddenly brightened up. “We could make a special gift for Mum!” 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Jessie’s face lit up with excitement. “I myself could be a great gift!” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mum, curious and a bit puzzled, went to the door and saw the big basket. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Jessie’s face lit up with excitement. She jumped up and down, clapping her hands. “Then put me in a big basket, and carry me to mum, and say, ‘I am her Christmas present.’” With a sense of adventure, they carefully placed Jessie in the basket, arranging the green branches all around her to create a cozy and festive nest. As they carried the basket back home, Jessie couldn’t contain her giggles. The bumpy ride added to the excitement. When they reached the doorstep, they set the basket down and rushed inside. “We have a Christmas present out there for you, mum,” they exclaimed. Mum, curious and a bit puzzled, went to the door and saw the big basket. Her eyes widened with surprise and joy when she saw her little Jessie, sitting in the basket of green branches with a beaming smile on her face. “Just the very thing I wanted most,” said mum, her voice filled with love and gratitude. “Merry Christmas, dear mum,” said Jessie, bounding out of her leafy nest. Mum hugged Jessie tightly, tears of happiness streaming down her face. In that moment, the simple yet heartfelt gift made their Christmas truly special, reminding them that the greatest presents in life are the love and presence of family. 【解析】 【导语】本文以圣诞节为背景，讲述了杰西和兄弟们在森林里收集装饰树枝时，得知家境贫寒的妈妈不期待圣诞礼物，便决定让杰西以特别的方式成为妈妈的礼物，展现了孩子们对妈妈质朴而深厚的爱。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句“杰西的脸上洋溢着兴奋的光芒。”可知，第一段可描写杰西兴奋地提议钻进大篮子里，兄弟们用树枝布置好篮子，将她抬回家，然后告诉妈妈门外有圣诞礼物的过程。 ②由第二段首句“妈妈既好奇又有点困惑，走到门口，看到了那个大篮子。”可知，第二段可描写妈妈看到篮子里的杰西时的惊喜与感动，杰西向妈妈送上祝福，妈妈紧紧拥抱她，体现这份特别礼物带来的温馨与爱意。 2. 续写线索：杰西提议当礼物——钻进篮子被抬回家——告知妈妈有礼物——妈妈看到篮子里的杰西——妈妈感动拥抱——感悟亲情的珍贵 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①放置：placed/put/lay ②拥抱：hugged/embrace/clasp ③说：said/exclaim/utter 情绪类 ①兴奋：excitement/delight/thrill ②幸福：happiness/joy/bliss 【点睛】[高分句型1] As they carried the basket back home, Jessie couldn’t contain her giggles.（运用了as引导时间状语从句，描述抬篮子回家时杰西的状态） [高分句型2] Her eyes widened with surprise and joy when she saw her little Jessie, sitting in the basket of green branches with a beaming smile on her face.（运用了when引导时间状语从句以及现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型3] In that moment, the simple yet heartfelt gift made their Christmas truly special, reminding them that the greatest presents in life are the love and presence of family.（运用了现在分词短语作状语以及that引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $