阅读理解题推理判断专题训练 -2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语阅读理解推理判断题，以九类题型为框架，通过真题典例系统提炼逻辑推理方法，构建“题型-方法-典例”三维训练体系，提升深层理解与逻辑推断的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |推断隐含意义|5真题|分析内容→逻辑推理→得出结论（非原句）|从基础事实推断到深层含义，逐步提升抽象思维| |推断观点态度|3真题|通过情感词汇、语气判断态度倾向|关联文本细节与作者立场，培养批判性思维| |推断写作目的|4真题|分析举例、引用等手法的论证意图|结合语篇结构，理解作者表达策略| |其他类型（出处/语篇类型等）|13真题+5模拟|定位关键信息（如文体特征、专业术语）|覆盖高考高频考点，形成完整推断能力体系|

2026届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解题专项 ---推理判断题 题型解读：阅读理解之推理判断题考点的必备知识 命题规律： 1．命题规律：推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。 2．考查类型：主要考查推断隐含意义、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断目标读者、推断人物性格等。 3．考查趋势：考题以考查引申推断为主，兼顾考查文章写作目的和意图，文章的写作方法，作者的写作态度，文章的出处，文章的写作对象，文章结构等。 一、推断隐含意义 根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。 【真题典例1】(2022年新高考II卷D篇) “The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.” Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. ◇ 35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest? A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants. C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study. 【真题典例2】（2022年01月浙江卷B篇 ）The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.” Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulb（白炽灯泡）that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, … To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man’s lifetime. It’s a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. ◇25. What can be inferred about Ned? A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many interesting stories. C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century. 【真题典例3】（2024年01月浙江卷C篇 ）Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. ◇31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 【真题典例4】（2024北京卷D篇）Franz Boas's description of Inuit（因纽特人）life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms（规范）were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. ◇32.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code? A. Living conditions were the drive.   B. Unwritten rules were the target. C. Social tradition was the basis.   D. Honesty was the key. 【真题典例5】(2021年全国甲卷B篇) The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. ◇27. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve? A. The rhino section will be open to the public. B. It aims to control the number of the animals. C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund. D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas. 二、推断观点态度 【真题典例6】（2024年全国甲卷C篇）Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. " ◇31. What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【真题典例7】（2022新高考全Ⅱ卷C篇） Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. ◇28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 【真题典例8】 (2020年全国I卷C篇) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. … Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. … ◇ 31.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 三、 推断写作目的 【真题典例9】(2024年全国甲卷D篇) That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there. ◇ 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【真题典例10】(2024年浙江1月C篇) One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” ◇ 30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D. To show the link between storms and moisture. 【真题典例11】（2023年新高考I卷C篇）A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. ◇28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 【真题典例12】 (2017全国II卷·B篇) I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when ... The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and ..., we both came from ... Both of us had the qualities and virtues ... We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, ...Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, ...We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew ... ◇27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience. 四、推断文章出处 【真题典例13】（2023年新高考II卷C篇） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book,... In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way ... ◇28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 【真题典例14】（2023年全国乙卷D篇）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. ◇35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 五、识别语篇类型 【真题典例15】 (2022全国乙卷B篇) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” ◇ 27. What is the text? A．A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry. 【真题典例16】 (2022年浙江卷B篇) I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. ◇24. What is this text? A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book. C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater. 六、推断文章下文内容 【真题典例17】（2023年全国乙卷 C篇） …The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. ◇31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【真题典例18】 (2022年全国甲卷B篇 ) …This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. ◇ 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 七．推断文章写作方法 【真题典例19】 (2020年全国I卷C篇 ) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. "This works just like physical exercise," says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy." ◇29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 【模拟演练1】（2023届广东省惠州市高三5月二模）The value of the waste is about $162 billion. About half ends up in city landfills (垃圾填埋场). It costs local government about $1.5 billion a year to deal with them. The report says that one third of all food in the world is never eaten. The full cost of the world’s food waste can be $400 billion a year. Billions can be saved if the amount of food waste is reduced. Most of the food is thrown away by shopkeepers and consumers in wealthy nations. If it is saved, it could feed 870 million hungry people of the world. A family of four wastes about $1,600 worth of food each year. ◇How is Paragraph 2 developed? A．By listing data. B．By giving examples. C．By providing definitions. D．By making comparisons. 【模拟演练2】（2023届浙江省四校高三5月联考）As an intense heat wave sweeps through China, residents are seeking relief in air raid shelters and swimming pools to stay cool, and dozens of cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing and Hangzhou, have issued their highest-level red alert warnings. Shanghai has issued three red alerts this year, with the temperature hitting 40.9 Celsius on July 13, matching the record set in 2017 since 1873. The fact that Shanghai has experienced only 16 days of 40°C-plus temperatures since the city began keeping records in 1873 should give us an idea about the seriousness of the situation. Extreme heat events, which began a month ago, have affected the lives of more than 900 million people in China. Between June 1 and July 12, the average number of days with temperatures above 35°Cwas 5.3, up 2.4 days over normal years, breaking the national record set in 1961, according to the National Climate Center. ◇How does the author develop the text? A．By analyzing and concluding. B．By explaining and contrasting. C．By giving examples and quoting. D．By giving figures and comparing. 八．推断文章目标读者 【模拟演练3】 Exploit your parking space An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to ￡200 or ￡300 a week. Put an advertisement (广告) for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. Rent(出租) a room Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客) earn you an income，but also，thanks to the government ­backed “rent a room” program，you won't have to pay any tax on the first ￡4，500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy. Make money during special events Don't want a full­time lodger? Then rent on a short ­term basis. If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space. ◇For whom is the text most probably written? A． Lodgers. B．Advertisers. C．House owners. D．Online companies. 九、评价人物或事件 【真题典例20】（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” (　)26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 阅读理解推理判断题真题演练 【演练01】（2024新课标I卷第27题）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【演练02】（2024新课标I卷第31题） Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【演练03】（2024新课标I卷第35题）What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【演练04】（2024新课标II卷第24题） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” 24. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 【演练05】（2024新课标II卷第30题）BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 【演练06】（2024全国甲卷第29题）Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 【演练07】（2024新课标II卷D篇） Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 阅读理解推理判断题巩固练习 （巩固练习1）2026年1月广东省汕头市高三期末英语 Imagine you are preparing a class presentation when you suddenly remember you forgot to feed the cat. You grab your phone to text your mum, but an ad jumps out: “50% off your favourite brand!” One tap leads to another; ten minutes later you have looked through reviews, filled a cart and almost missed your own slide. This phenomenon is called “popcorn（爆米花）brain”. The term was introduced in 2011 by researcher David Levy from the University of Washington. It describes a mental state where attention wanders, and thoughts jump quickly from one topic to another—just like popcorn popping rapidly in a hot pan. People with popcorn brain find it hard to concentrate or maintain a clear line of thinking. University of California Researcher Gloria Mark tracked 2,000 American office workers and students in her two-decade study on attention with silent screen recorders and heart-rate belts. In 2004 people stayed on one task for 2.5 minutes on average; by 2020 the figure had fallen to 47 seconds. Heart-rate data showed that every extra switch raised a stress hormone（荷尔蒙）by about 7%. Studies show that digital technology, especially social media, worsens this condition. Data Reportal’s 2024 report pooled screen-time records from 1.3 million users in 40 countries and found further proof. For instance, people in America aged 16-24 averaged 7 hours 3 minutes online per day, equaling roughly 17 years of adult life. Such constant digital exposure trains the brain to prefer short bursts of information. As a result, focusing on one task becomes harder. Information overload also affects memory, decision-making, and emotional control. The cure, tested in follow-up trials, is brief: set clear tech boundaries. Recommended strategies include limiting daily screen time, turning off non-essential notification, and creating tech-free periods or spaces. Building a structured daily routine is also advised:individuals can begin by measuring their current focus duration, then set realistic goals and stick to a fixed schedule for important tasks. This consistent practice strengthens habits and prepares your mind and body to focus on the task for a longer period without getting popcorn brain. 29. What can be inferred from the data in Gloria Mark’s study? A. Attention on a task dropped half in decades. B. Frequent switching may increase mental stress. C. People's average screen time decreased steadily. D. Shortened screen time may lead to higher heart disease risk. （巩固练习2）2026年1月黄冈市高三期末考试 We know that some animals live longer than others, but we do not yet fully understand why. Researchers have previously identified brain size and metabolic（新陈代谢）rates as factors that can vary lifespan, but now evolutionary researchers from the UK’s University of Bath have found another factor, and it’s one that could be key to understanding why cats tend to live longer than dogs. “Our study reveals the surprising role played by the immune system—not just in fighting disease, but also in supporting longevity across a wide range of mammals,” says Benjamin from the University of Bath’s Centre for Evolution. The research does not dismiss the other reasons, rather suggesting longevity is a combination of factors. The researchers investigated the maximum lifespan of 46 different mammalian species, comparing the animals’ genes. The team studied dolphins, which can live for up to 39 years, and other whales that live for up to 100 years, but they also looked into smaller animals such as mice, which typically live for only one to two years. The results showed that certain small animals live longer than expected, such as naked mole rats, which can live 20 years despite a small size and brain. The species that live the longest had more genes associated with their immune system, according to the researchers;the team believes that a strong immune system acts to eliminate damaged cells, while also fighting infections and preventing disease. Cats are gifted with a strong natural immunity through a diverse set of immune-related genes, whereas the selective breeding of dogs has left some breeds with inherited immune deficiencies（缺陷）. The researchers now intend to look deeper into significant differences in the lifespans of different mammals by investigating specific genes that relate to cancer and other life-shortening diseases. 28. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By comparing findings. D. By providing statistics. 30. Why does the author mention naked mole rats? A. To compare their lifespan with that of mice. B. To explain why small animals live shorter lives. C. To show naked mole rats have the longest lifespan. D. To prove size and brain size don’t determine lifespan. （巩固练习3）2026年1月湖北省武汉市武昌区高三期末英语 Our Earth is located on the inner edge of a spiral（螺旋的）arm within the Milky Way, but this is not our permanent address. When most dinosaurs went extinct, our solar system was in a completely different arm! Our galaxy（星系）is in a state of constant evolution. Thirteen billion years ago, the gas and dust particles（分子）that eventually became our Milky Way were moving quickly in every direction. Despite the wild motion of its parts, the galaxy as a whole was spinning about an axis（轴）. While their individual motions were chaotic, the galaxy as a whole acquired all the particles and circled around a common axis. Meanwhile, frequent crashes slowed the particles, allowing gravity to pull them inward. So, why is the Milky Way flat? The answer lies in the conservation of angular momentum（动量）. In dense（密度大的）objects like stars, internal pressure and gravity create a sphere. But in a low-density, high-momentum system like a young galaxy, the spinning motion dominates. To conserve momentum, particles could not fall directly inward but were forced to orbit, gradually collapsing into a single, spinning disc over billions of years. The Milky Way’s spiral arms are not rigid structures, but dynamic squeezing waves. As these waves travel through the galaxy’s disc, they squeeze gas, starting the birth of bright young star groups that outline the arms. The galaxy’s spin then winds these waves into grand spirals. Our solar system, orbiting faster than the wave pattern, is currently diving deeper into our local arm—a journey through a single arm takes millions of years. Recent observations even suggest spiral galaxies can host two or more crossing waves travelling at different speeds. The result would be that spiral arms last for tens or hundreds of millions of years before breaking apart and re-forming. When the Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, our galaxy’s spirals may have looked entirely different than today. And in about 5 billion years, the Milky Way will start to combine with the Andromeda galaxy and disturb the conservation of angular momentum, thus creating an egg shape and giving rise to a new time in our galaxy’s history. 30. What can be inferred about the Milky Way’s spiral arms? A. They are permanent features. B. They have new stars born there. C. They are directly caused by the spin. D. They move faster than our solar system. （巩固练习4）2026年1月重庆市八中高三月考（五）英语 As social media becomes more easily controlled and AI-driven, ignoring online popularity gains new respect. There are many ways to be “big” online, but not all are equal. An account could belong to a famous brand, represent hard-won fame like Emily Mariko’s on TikTok, or be a trusted expert source like economist Adam Tooze. However, a huge follower account today often means little in terms of genuine engagement; many may be inactive, and low interaction rates reveal this. Furthermore, many large accounts are legacy figures from an earlier era—they are the establishment, not the leading edge. Music producer Jack Antonoff has over half a million followers, while rising musician Marcus Brown has just over three thousand. Which is a better follow? The large number of followers no longer means as much as it used to, as social media are easier to fake and more controlled by artificial intelligence. On the other hand, a noticeably small following now packs a punch. Writer Emily Sundberg praised Air Mail’s new editor for having fewer than 500 Instagram followers. Similarly, stylist Lotta Volkova posts randomly, unconcerned with low likes. This “who cares” attitude shows status; there’s envy for those building careers without social media performance pressure. Overexposure now feels shameful by comparison. When did large followings lose appeal? It’s a post-pandemic（后疫情时代的）shift. During COVID, screen time rose sharply, and TikTok’s system enabled overnight fame. But audience attention has since declined as users move passively rather than seeking specific accounts. Attracting an audience is now “inexpensive”—easy to game. Meanwhile, users migrate to small platforms like Patreon. The follower-followee relationship has become highly commercialized, essentially functioning as advertising space. This very commercialism has trained us to be distrustful of excessive online exposure, making us prefer authorities who maintain a limited social media presence. We are drawn to low-follower accounts that are clearly guided by their owners’ genuine interests. A prime example is the poet Erin Taylor, who has expressed that a modest following often suggests a fulfilling real-world social life, saying that “keeping our follower count down is our own form of discipline.” Consequently, accounts with smaller followings—often under 5,000—are seen as more real. 30. What can we learn from paragraph 3? A Large followings lost appeal after the pandemic. B. TikTok caused lasting damage to online attention. C. Audiences have become harder to attract after 2022. D. Small social media platforms will replace traditional ones. 31. What do we know from Erin’s words? A. Keeping a small following requires self-control. B. Social media should reflect followers’ preferences. C. Online connection is more meaningful than offline life. D. Most creators aim to keep their follower count below 5,000. （巩固练习5）2026年1月重庆市巴蜀中学高三月考（六）英语 “Where’s your squeaky ball? Bring me your panda bear!” It’s not unusual for dogs to learn the names of their favorite toys. But some dogs can categorize toys by how they’re used during play, researchers now report. They can even decide what category a new toy should be in, based on how it’s used. And that’s without any verbal or physical clues. The team, led by Claudia Fugazza of Eötvös Loránd University, recruited 11 dogs and their owners to take part in the new study. Each dog was studied at home. First, owners played games with their dogs: either “pull” (tug-of-war) or “throw (fetch).” During each game, the owner repeatedly said the category out loud. Toys were assigned to a category at random. In other words, a toy’s physical traits（特征）did not dictate how it would be used. Game playing continued until the dogs related each toy to either “pull” or “throw.” Then, owners and dogs played the same pull or throw game with toys the dogs had not seen before. This time, the owners did not name the activities out loud. Next, owners asked their dogs to “bring me a pull” or “bring me a throw” from a toy pile. This tested if the dogs applied the labels based on their play with that toy. These dogs picked a new toy right most of the time. Previous animal studies that categorized things by their use relied on lab settings and formal training. “This is the first study exploring this cognitive skill in animals in their natural environment while making sure the dogs got only social cues（提示）,” Fugazza says. Fugazza says the new study doesn’t show that all dogs have this functional-labeling skill. “But,” she adds, “I wouldn’t exclude that.” Next, researchers may want to explore what other mental categories these dogs can learn, and what brain activities underlie these abilities. 29. The new-toy games were mainly designed to test dogs’ ______. A. emotional sensitivity B. transferable abilities C. problem-solving speed D. resistance to distractions 30. What distinguishes the new study from earlier ones? A. It involved new toys. B. It excluded social cues. C. It required stricter drills. D. It avoided unnatural settings. （巩固练习6）（2025高考北京卷） Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. 24. Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A. Pressure from choosing AP classes. B. Performance in group interviews. C. Competition with seniors. D. Recognition by colleges. 25. The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A. her own understanding of success B. her desire for academic challenges C. her strong urge to follow the crowd D. her dream of entering a top university 26. Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A. Dignifying. B. Rewarding. C. Engaging. D. Relaxing. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Everyone is the maker of their own success. B. Success favours those with a golden heart. C. Success knocks at your door only once. D. A college holds the key to success. （巩固练习7）（2023年新高考II卷） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape （巩固练习8）（2023年天津卷第二次高考） I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer; surely you will be, too.” What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard! My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 39. What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A. Her miserable past. B. An unforgettable sport event. C. The stories behind the violins. D. Her childhood memory. 40. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A. mindless and bad-tempered B. caring and supportive C. strict and demanding D. tolerant and sympathetic 41. What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A. The tune of the flutes. B. The beat of the drums. C. The sound of the violin. D. The manner of the musicians. 42. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A. The steady improvement in her taste. B. Her strong desire for success. C. Her natural gift for music. D. The rapid progress in her ability. 43. What message does Tara's story convey? A. It's never too young to learn. B. A passionate interest works wonders. C. Hard work will pay off in the long run. D. Like mother, like daughter. （巩固练习9）（2023年全国乙卷） Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. 5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 6. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake? A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their equipment. 7. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. （巩固练习10）（2025年全国高考二卷） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home （巩固练习11）（2025年全国高考二卷） Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 15. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解题专项 ---推理判断题 题型解读：阅读理解之推理判断题考点的必备知识 命题规律： 1．命题规律：推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。 2．考查类型：主要考查推断隐含意义、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断目标读者、推断人物性格等。 3．考查趋势：考题以考查引申推断为主，兼顾考查文章写作目的和意图，文章的写作方法，作者的写作态度，文章的出处，文章的写作对象，文章结构等。 常用的解题方法 一、推断隐含意义 根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。 （1）思维导图 （2）解题技巧： 引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。 2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。 3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。 【真题典例1】(2022年新高考II卷D篇) “The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.” Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. ◇ 35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest? A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants. C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study. 【真题典例2】（2022年01月浙江卷B篇 ） The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.” Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulb（白炽灯泡）that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, … To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man’s lifetime. It’s a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. ◇25. What can be inferred about Ned? A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many interesting stories. C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century. 【真题典例3】（2024年01月浙江卷C篇 ） Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. ◇31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 【真题典例4】（2024北京卷D篇） Franz Boas's description of Inuit（因纽特人）life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms（规范）were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. ◇32.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code? A. Living conditions were the drive.   B. Unwritten rules were the target. C. Social tradition was the basis.   D. Honesty was the key. 【真题典例5】(2021年全国甲卷B篇) The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. ◇27. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve? A. The rhino section will be open to the public. B. It aims to control the number of the animals. C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund. D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas. 二、推断观点态度 （1）思维导图 （2）解题方法： 做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。 褒义（Positive） 贬义（Negative） 中性（Neutral） appreciative（欣赏的） critical（批判的） objective（客观的） approving（赞成的） disapproving（不赞成的） neutral（中立的） supportive（支持的） doubtful（怀疑的） impartial（公正的） positive（积极的） negative（消极的） unbiased（无偏见的） optimistic（乐观的） pessimistic（悲观的） ambiguous（模棱两可的） favorable（赞同的） skeptical（怀疑的） unclear（含混不清的） tolerant（容忍的） intolerant（不容忍的） cautious（谨慎的） carefree（无忧无虑的） dismissive（轻视的） uncertain（不确定的） affirmative（赞同的） unwilling（不情愿的） conservative（保守的） 解题步骤： 【真题典例6】 （2024年全国甲卷C篇） Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. " ◇31. What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【真题典例7】（2022新高考全Ⅱ卷C篇） Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. ◇28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 【真题典例8】 (2020年全国I卷C篇) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. … Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. … ◇ 31.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 三、 推断写作目的 （1）思维导图 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （2）解题技巧： 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。 【真题典例9】(2024年全国甲卷D篇) That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there. ◇ 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【真题典例10】(2024年浙江1月C篇) One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” ◇ 30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D. To show the link between storms and moisture. 【真题典例11】（2023年新高考I卷C篇） A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. ◇28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 【真题典例12】 (2017全国II卷·B篇) I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when ... The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and ..., we both came from ... Both of us had the qualities and virtues ... We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, ...Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, ...We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew ... ◇27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience. 四、推断文章出处 （1）思维导图 （2）解题技巧 “推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处： 旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。 广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。 课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。 网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here. 新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。 研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。 图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。 科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。 【真题典例13】（2023年新高考II卷C篇） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book,... In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way ... ◇28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 【真题典例14】（2023年全国乙卷D篇） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. ◇35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 五、识别语篇类型 （1）思维导图 （2）解题方法 【真题典例15】 (2022全国乙卷B篇) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” ◇ 27. What is the text? A．A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry. 【真题典例16】 (2022年浙江卷B篇) I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. ◇24. What is this text? A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book. C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater. 六、推断文章下文内容 （1）思维导图 （2）解题技巧 对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。 【真题典例17】（2023年全国乙卷 C篇） …The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. ◇31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【真题典例18】 (2022年全国甲卷B篇 ) …This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. ◇ 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 七．推断文章写作方法 写作方法 典型标志词 快速判断 总分结构 in general, above all 开头总说，后面分点展开 对比比较 but, however, compared with 两事物异同、优劣对比 举例说明 for example, take…as an example 用具体事例证明观点 时间顺序 then, later, after, finally 按时间先后叙述 问题解决 problem, solve, suggest 提出问题→分析→解决 夹叙夹议 既有故事又有评论 叙事 + 观点穿插 引用论证 quote, according to, as sb said 引用名言、数据、研究 因果分析 because, so, lead to 先因后果或先果后因 【真题典例19】 (2020年全国I卷C篇 ) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. "This works just like physical exercise," says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy." ◇29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 【模拟演练1】（2023届广东省惠州市高三5月二模） The value of the waste is about $162 billion. About half ends up in city landfills (垃圾填埋场). It costs local government about $1.5 billion a year to deal with them. The report says that one third of all food in the world is never eaten. The full cost of the world’s food waste can be $400 billion a year. Billions can be saved if the amount of food waste is reduced. Most of the food is thrown away by shopkeepers and consumers in wealthy nations. If it is saved, it could feed 870 million hungry people of the world. A family of four wastes about $1,600 worth of food each year. ◇How is Paragraph 2 developed? A．By listing data. B．By giving examples. C．By providing definitions. D．By making comparisons. 【模拟演练2】（2023届浙江省四校高三5月联考） As an intense heat wave sweeps through China, residents are seeking relief in air raid shelters and swimming pools to stay cool, and dozens of cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing and Hangzhou, have issued their highest-level red alert warnings. Shanghai has issued three red alerts this year, with the temperature hitting 40.9 Celsius on July 13, matching the record set in 2017 since 1873. The fact that Shanghai has experienced only 16 days of 40°C-plus temperatures since the city began keeping records in 1873 should give us an idea about the seriousness of the situation. Extreme heat events, which began a month ago, have affected the lives of more than 900 million people in China. Between June 1 and July 12, the average number of days with temperatures above 35°Cwas 5.3, up 2.4 days over normal years, breaking the national record set in 1961, according to the National Climate Center. ◇How does the author develop the text? A．By analyzing and concluding. B．By explaining and contrasting. C．By giving examples and quoting. D．By giving figures and comparing. 八．推断文章目标读者 解题方法： 看语言：简单→大众/学生；专业→学者/从业者 看话题：学习→学生；健康→大众；职场→职场人 看语气：亲切鼓励→青少年；严肃客观→专业人群 看目的：科普→大众；应试→学生；学术→同行 【模拟演练3】 Exploit your parking space An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to ￡200 or ￡300 a week. Put an advertisement (广告) for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. Rent(出租) a room Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客) earn you an income，but also，thanks to the government ­backed “rent a room” program，you won't have to pay any tax on the first ￡4，500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy. Make money during special events Don't want a full­time lodger? Then rent on a short ­term basis. If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space. ◇For whom is the text most probably written? A． Lodgers. B．Advertisers. C．House owners. D．Online companies. 九、评价人物或事件 （1）思维导图 （2）解题技巧 把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。 （2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” (　)26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 阅读理解推理判断题真题演练 【演练01】（2024新课标I卷第27题） Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【演练02】（2024新课标I卷第31题） Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【演练03】（2024新课标I卷第35题） What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【演练04】（2024新课标II卷第24题） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” 24. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 【演练05】（2024新课标II卷第30题） BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 【演练06】（2024全国甲卷第29题） Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 【演练07】（2024新课标II卷D篇） Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 阅读理解推理判断题模拟题练习 （1）2026年1月广东省汕头市高三期末英语 Imagine you are preparing a class presentation when you suddenly remember you forgot to feed the cat. You grab your phone to text your mum, but an ad jumps out: “50% off your favourite brand!” One tap leads to another; ten minutes later you have looked through reviews, filled a cart and almost missed your own slide. This phenomenon is called “popcorn（爆米花）brain”. The term was introduced in 2011 by researcher David Levy from the University of Washington. It describes a mental state where attention wanders, and thoughts jump quickly from one topic to another—just like popcorn popping rapidly in a hot pan. People with popcorn brain find it hard to concentrate or maintain a clear line of thinking. University of California Researcher Gloria Mark tracked 2,000 American office workers and students in her two-decade study on attention with silent screen recorders and heart-rate belts. In 2004 people stayed on one task for 2.5 minutes on average; by 2020 the figure had fallen to 47 seconds. Heart-rate data showed that every extra switch raised a stress hormone（荷尔蒙）by about 7%. Studies show that digital technology, especially social media, worsens this condition. Data Reportal’s 2024 report pooled screen-time records from 1.3 million users in 40 countries and found further proof. For instance, people in America aged 16-24 averaged 7 hours 3 minutes online per day, equaling roughly 17 years of adult life. Such constant digital exposure trains the brain to prefer short bursts of information. As a result, focusing on one task becomes harder. Information overload also affects memory, decision-making, and emotional control. The cure, tested in follow-up trials, is brief: set clear tech boundaries. Recommended strategies include limiting daily screen time, turning off non-essential notification, and creating tech-free periods or spaces. Building a structured daily routine is also advised: individuals can begin by measuring their current focus duration, then set realistic goals and stick to a fixed schedule for important tasks. This consistent practice strengthens habits and prepares your mind and body to focus on the task for a longer period without getting popcorn brain. 29. What can be inferred from the data in Gloria Mark’s study? A. Attention on a task dropped half in decades. B. Frequent switching may increase mental stress. C. People's average screen time decreased steadily. D. Shortened screen time may lead to higher heart disease risk. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章通过研究数据与案例，解释了“爆米花大脑”（注意力碎片化）现象的成因、影响及应对方法。 第29题.B 研究数据推断。解析：根据第三段，Gloria Mark的研究发现任务切换会提升压力荷尔蒙7%，可推断频繁切换任务可能增加心理压力。故选B。 （2）202年1月黄冈市高三期末考试 We know that some animals live longer than others, but we do not yet fully understand why. Researchers have previously identified brain size and metabolic（新陈代谢）rates as factors that can vary lifespan, but now evolutionary researchers from the UK’s University of Bath have found another factor, and it’s one that could be key to understanding why cats tend to live longer than dogs. “Our study reveals the surprising role played by the immune system—not just in fighting disease, but also in supporting longevity across a wide range of mammals,” says Benjamin from the University of Bath’s Centre for Evolution. The research does not dismiss the other reasons, rather suggesting longevity is a combination of factors. The researchers investigated the maximum lifespan of 46 different mammalian species, comparing the animals’ genes. The team studied dolphins, which can live for up to 39 years, and other whales that live for up to 100 years, but they also looked into smaller animals such as mice, which typically live for only one to two years. The results showed that certain small animals live longer than expected, such as naked mole rats, which can live 20 years despite a small size and brain. The species that live the longest had more genes associated with their immune system, according to the researchers;the team believes that a strong immune system acts to eliminate damaged cells, while also fighting infections and preventing disease. Cats are gifted with a strong natural immunity through a diverse set of immune-related genes, whereas the selective breeding of dogs has left some breeds with inherited immune deficiencies（缺陷）. The researchers now intend to look deeper into significant differences in the lifespans of different mammals by investigating specific genes that relate to cancer and other life-shortening diseases. 28. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By comparing findings. D. By providing statistics. 30. Why does the author mention naked mole rats? A. To compare their lifespan with that of mice. B. To explain why small animals live shorter lives. C. To show naked mole rats have the longest lifespan. D. To prove size and brain size don’t determine lifespan. 【答案】28. C 30.D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，聚焦哺乳动物寿命差异的影响因素展开。文章首先提及“脑容量和代谢率是此前公认的寿命影响因素”, 随后引出英国巴斯大学进化研究者的新发现——免疫系统是另一关键因素，且该因素能解释猫比狗寿命更长的现象。研究未否定原有因素，而是提出寿命由多种因素共同作用；通过对46种哺乳动物的基因对比分析，证实长寿物种拥有更多免疫相关基因，最后介绍了研究者后续的深入研究方向。 第28题.C 推理判断题。解析：第一段开篇先呈现“此前研究者确定脑容量和代谢率是影响寿命的因素”这一既往研究发现，随后通过转折词“but”引出英国巴斯大学研究者的新发现——免疫系统是影响寿命的另一关键因素，这种“既往发现与新发现相对照”的表述方式，正是选项C"By comparing findings”(通过对比研究发现)的核心内涵。故选C。 第30题.D 推理判断题。解析：前文提到研究人员曾认为大脑大小和新陈代谢率是影响寿命的因素，而裸鼹鼠体型小、大脑小，却能存活20年，远超预期，这一例子是为了证明“体型和大脑大小并非决定寿命的关键因素”, 故选D。 （3）2026年1 月湖北省武汉市武昌区高三期末英语 Our Earth is located on the inner edge of a spiral（螺旋的）arm within the Milky Way, but this is not our permanent address. When most dinosaurs went extinct, our solar system was in a completely different arm! Our galaxy（星系）is in a state of constant evolution. Thirteen billion years ago, the gas and dust particles（分子）that eventually became our Milky Way were moving quickly in every direction. Despite the wild motion of its parts, the galaxy as a whole was spinning about an axis（轴）. While their individual motions were chaotic, the galaxy as a whole acquired all the particles and circled around a common axis. Meanwhile, frequent crashes slowed the particles, allowing gravity to pull them inward. So, why is the Milky Way flat? The answer lies in the conservation of angular momentum（动量）. In dense（密度大的）objects like stars, internal pressure and gravity create a sphere. But in a low-density, high-momentum system like a young galaxy, the spinning motion dominates. To conserve momentum, particles could not fall directly inward but were forced to orbit, gradually collapsing into a single, spinning disc over billions of years. The Milky Way’s spiral arms are not rigid structures, but dynamic squeezing waves. As these waves travel through the galaxy’s disc, they squeeze gas, starting the birth of bright young star groups that outline the arms. The galaxy’s spin then winds these waves into grand spirals. Our solar system, orbiting faster than the wave pattern, is currently diving deeper into our local arm—a journey through a single arm takes millions of years. Recent observations even suggest spiral galaxies can host two or more crossing waves travelling at different speeds. The result would be that spiral arms last for tens or hundreds of millions of years before breaking apart and re-forming. When the Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, our galaxy’s spirals may have looked entirely different than today. And in about 5 billion years, the Milky Way will start to combine with the Andromeda galaxy and disturb the conservation of angular momentum, thus creating an egg shape and giving rise to a new time in our galaxy’s history. 30. What can be inferred about the Milky Way’s spiral arms? A. They are permanent features. B. They have new stars born there. C. They are directly caused by the spin. D. They move faster than our solar system. 2026年1月湖北省武汉市武昌区高三期末英语-阅读C篇答案解析 【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要讲的是阐述了银河系从混沌的气体尘埃粒子通过角动量守恒形成扁平螺旋结构的过程，并说明螺旋臂的动态特性及银河系未来的演化趋势。 第30题.B 考察点:推理判断。解析：第四段说明螺旋臂是动态的“挤压波”，当它们穿过星系盘时会“挤压气体，触发明亮年轻星团的诞生”，由此可以推断，螺旋臂区域是新的恒星形成的地方。故选B。 （4）2026年1 月重庆市八中高三月考（五）英语 As social media becomes more easily controlled and AI-driven, ignoring online popularity gains new respect. There are many ways to be “big” online, but not all are equal. An account could belong to a famous brand, represent hard-won fame like Emily Mariko’s on TikTok, or be a trusted expert source like economist Adam Tooze. However, a huge follower account today often means little in terms of genuine engagement; many may be inactive, and low interaction rates reveal this. Furthermore, many large accounts are legacy figures from an earlier era—they are the establishment, not the leading edge. Music producer Jack Antonoff has over half a million followers, while rising musician Marcus Brown has just over three thousand. Which is a better follow? The large number of followers no longer means as much as it used to, as social media are easier to fake and more controlled by artificial intelligence. On the other hand, a noticeably small following now packs a punch. Writer Emily Sundberg praised Air Mail’s new editor for having fewer than 500 Instagram followers. Similarly, stylist Lotta Volkova posts randomly, unconcerned with low likes. This “who cares” attitude shows status; there’s envy for those building careers without social media performance pressure. Overexposure now feels shameful by comparison. When did large followings lose appeal? It’s a post-pandemic（后疫情时代的）shift. During COVID, screen time rose sharply, and TikTok’s system enabled overnight fame. But audience attention has since declined as users move passively rather than seeking specific accounts. Attracting an audience is now “inexpensive”—easy to game. Meanwhile, users migrate to small platforms like Patreon. The follower-followee relationship has become highly commercialized, essentially functioning as advertising space. This very commercialism has trained us to be distrustful of excessive online exposure, making us prefer authorities who maintain a limited social media presence. We are drawn to low-follower accounts that are clearly guided by their owners’ genuine interests. A prime example is the poet Erin Taylor, who has expressed that a modest following often suggests a fulfilling real-world social life, saying that “keeping our follower count down is our own form of discipline.” Consequently, accounts with smaller followings—often under 5,000—are seen as more real. 30. What can we learn from paragraph 3? A Large followings lost appeal after the pandemic. B. TikTok caused lasting damage to online attention. C. Audiences have become harder to attract after 2022. D. Small social media platforms will replace traditional ones. 31. What do we know from Erin’s words? A. Keeping a small following requires self-control. B. Social media should reflect followers’ preferences. C. Online connection is more meaningful than offline life. D. Most creators aim to keep their follower count below 5,000. 第30题.A 推理判断题。解析：第三段围绕post-pandemic shift展开，说明疫情后用户注意力下降，粉丝多的账户吸引力减弱。其他选项为过度推断。 第31题.A 推理判断题。 解析：Erin Taylor提到“keeping our follower count down is our own form of discipline”, 表明控制粉丝数量需要自律和克制，A项符合其观点。 （5）2026年1月重庆市巴蜀中学高三月考（六）英语 “Where’s your squeaky ball? Bring me your panda bear!” It’s not unusual for dogs to learn the names of their favorite toys. But some dogs can categorize toys by how they’re used during play, researchers now report. They can even decide what category a new toy should be in, based on how it’s used. And that’s without any verbal or physical clues. The team, led by Claudia Fugazza of Eötvös Loránd University, recruited 11 dogs and their owners to take part in the new study. Each dog was studied at home. First, owners played games with their dogs: either “pull” (tug-of-war) or “throw (fetch).” During each game, the owner repeatedly said the category out loud. Toys were assigned to a category at random. In other words, a toy’s physical traits（特征）did not dictate how it would be used. Game playing continued until the dogs related each toy to either “pull” or “throw.” Then, owners and dogs played the same pull or throw game with toys the dogs had not seen before. This time, the owners did not name the activities out loud. Next, owners asked their dogs to “bring me a pull” or “bring me a throw” from a toy pile. This tested if the dogs applied the labels based on their play with that toy. These dogs picked a new toy right most of the time. Previous animal studies that categorized things by their use relied on lab settings and formal training. “This is the first study exploring this cognitive skill in animals in their natural environment while making sure the dogs got only social cues（提示）,” Fugazza says. Fugazza says the new study doesn’t show that all dogs have this functional-labeling skill. “But,” she adds, “I wouldn’t exclude that.” Next, researchers may want to explore what other mental categories these dogs can learn, and what brain activities underlie these abilities. 29. The new-toy games were mainly designed to test dogs’ ______. A. emotional sensitivity B. transferable abilities C. problem-solving speed D. resistance to distractions 30. What distinguishes the new study from earlier ones? A. It involved new toys. B. It excluded social cues. C. It required stricter drills. D. It avoided unnatural settings. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，研究团队以宠物狗为研究对象，在家庭的自然环境中展开实验，发现部分狗狗能够根据玩具的玩耍用途对其进行分类，甚至可以将这种分类能力迁移到新玩具上。 第29题.B 推理判断。解析：根据第三、四段可知，主人在与宠物狗互动玩新玩具时不再大声说出游戏类别，随后主人让狗狗从玩具堆里拿“拉扯类”或“投掷类”玩具，以此测试狗狗是否能将之前习得的分类标签迁移到新玩具上，故选B。 第30题.D 理解具体信息。解析：文章对比前人研究“relied on lab settings and formal training ”，并强调本研究“in their natural environment ”，因此区别在于避免实验室环境、在家中自然情境进行，故选D。 （6）（2025高考北京卷）Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. 24. Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A. Pressure from choosing AP classes. B. Performance in group interviews. C. Competition with seniors. D. Recognition by colleges. 25. The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A. her own understanding of success B. her desire for academic challenges C. her strong urge to follow the crowd D. her dream of entering a top university 26. Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A. Dignifying. B. Rewarding. C. Engaging. D. Relaxing. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Everyone is the maker of their own success. B. Success favours those with a golden heart. C. Success knocks at your door only once. D. A college holds the key to success. 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? (在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源于自我认知与努力。“Everyone is the maker of their own success. (每个人都是自己成功的创造者。)” 符合题意。故选A （7）（2023年新高考II卷） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. (起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. (她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” (她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。 （8）（2023年天津卷第二次高考） I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer; surely you will be, too.” What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard! My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 39. What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A. Her miserable past. B. An unforgettable sport event. C. The stories behind the violins. D. Her childhood memory. 40. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A. mindless and bad-tempered B. caring and supportive C. strict and demanding D. tolerant and sympathetic 41. What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A. The tune of the flutes. B. The beat of the drums. C. The sound of the violin. D. The manner of the musicians. 42. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A. The steady improvement in her taste. B. Her strong desire for success. C. Her natural gift for music. D. The rapid progress in her ability. 43. What message does Tara's story convey? A. It's never too young to learn. B. A passionate interest works wonders. C. Hard work will pay off in the long run. D. Like mother, like daughter. 【答案】39. D 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。 39. 细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。 40. 推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。 41. 细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard! My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.” (但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。 42. 细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。 43. 主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。 （9）（2023年全国乙卷） Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. 5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 6. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake? A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their equipment. 7. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。 （10）（2025年全国高考二卷） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 （11）（2025年全国高考二卷） Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 15. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历——在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 $