专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（云南专用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 初中英语说明文阅读理解汇编，精选多地区二模真题，涵盖科普知识（如动物与音乐）、科学技术（如AI教育、脑机接口）、传统文化（如传统插花、丝绸之路）等主题，情境真实且具时代性，适配中考阅读能力考查需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|每篇5题|细节理解（如“dog music”定义）、词义猜测（如“perceive”）、主旨大意（如最佳标题）、推理判断（如文章出处）|情境贴近生活与科技前沿（如AI+教育、茶光互补模式）；问题设计梯度分明，基础题占比约60%，提升题考查逻辑推理与文化理解；素材融合中外文化（如中国传统插花与西方视觉错觉研究）|

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·云南丽江·二模）Music is known to have a great effect on humans. It can help people remember things better and make them feel less worried and sad. But do dogs enjoy listening to music as much as people do? Some studies show that dogs can feel calm when they listen to classical music. In 2020, researchers from the Sydney School of Veterinary Science studied nine studies on how music affects dogs. They found classical music could calm dogs down. The dogs would lie down, rest, or sit quietly when the music was playing. Amy Campbell, a dog trainer, said that not all classical music has the same effect. Some pieces have loud sounds that may make dogs feel stressed. A study in 2023 in the magazine Animal Welfare found that heavy metal music caused stress in dogs. Many dogs barked (吠叫) when this kind of music was playing. You may have heard of “dog music”. If not, it’s just what you think. It’s music made especially to make dogs feel better. Some music apps have free song lists for dogs. But the 2020 study showed that dogs were no calmer when listening to special “dog music” (like Through a Dog’s Ear) than regular classical music. If you want to comfort your dog with music, here is some advice. First, watch how your dog acts when the music is playing. Second, don’t play the music too loud. Moreover, see if your dog stays away from rooms with music. If it does, it probably likes quiet places better. 1．How does classical music affect dogs according to Paragraph 2? A．It improves their memory. B．It makes them feel calm. C．It makes them bark more. D．It makes them more active. 2．Which type of music can cause stress in dogs? A．Pop music. B．Classical music. C．Heavy metal music. D．Folk music. 3．What is the “dog music”? A．The music that only dogs can hear. B．The regular classical music. C．The free songs on a music app. D．The music made especially to comfort dogs. 4．What does it mean if your dog leaves the room with music? A．The dog is sick and needs a vet. B．The dog is hungry and wants food. C．The dog may prefer a quiet place. D．The dog wants a different kind of music. 5．Where may we read the passage? A．In a science magazine. B．In a storybook. C．In a school notice. D．On a health website. 主题02 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）Have you ever thought that a tree might be trying to tell us something? With the help of AI, scientists are beginning to open the hidden world of plant communication. People used to think plants were quiet and did not talk. But now, scientists find that is not true. For example, if a plant is in danger, it can put special things into the air to warn their neighbours. Some plants can even feel when insects are eating them. Plants have their own secret ways of “talking”. They use smells and very quiet sounds that people can’t easily find. This is where AI becomes a powerful tool. Scientists use the tool to research plants. They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape to perceive what the plant is doing. For example, scientists can teach AI to know the special sound a tomato plant makes when it needs water. AI can learn the “stress sound” a tree makes when it is sick. The future is exciting. Think about a time when AI can understand plant sounds for farmers. Then, farmers will know when their plants need water or when insects are eating them. This can help farmers use less water and fewer chemicals. Some scientists even want to make a “Plant Translator”. With it, we could hear when a plant is happy because it has enough water, or when a forest is in danger because it is too dry. Of course, this technology is still new. Understanding the full language of plants is a huge challenge. But the goal is not to have a conversation with a rose. It is to learn to be better listeners to the natural world. By using AI to understand plants, we can learn to care for our planet in a smarter and more respectful way. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving suggestions. 2．What can some plants do to warn their neighbours according to paragraph 2? A．Make loud noises. B．Move their leaves quickly. C．Change their colours. D．Put special things into the air. 3．What does the underlined word “perceive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Mind. C．Prevent. D．Understand. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Plants are quiet and can’t talk at all. B．AI can find that a tree is sick through its taste. C．A “Plant Translator” may help farmers grow plants better. D．People will know the full language of plants easily in the near future. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Use of AI in Understanding Plants B．The Problems of AI in Growing Plants C．The Talks between Humans and Animals D．The Difference between Plants and Animals Passage 2 （2026·云南·二模）Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is changing our daily life greatly. IoT is a large network that connects everyday objects to the Internet. These objects include phones, watches, fridges, lights and even traffic lights. They can collect and share information without much human help. At home, IoT makes life easier and smarter. For example, a smart fridge can know what food is inside and tell you when you need to buy more. Smart lights can turn on or off by themselves when you enter or leave a room. With mobile apps, you can control these devices anywhere and anytime. In cities, IoT helps make public services better. Traffic lights can adjust themselves according to traffic flow to reduce jams. Waste bins can send messages when they are full, so cleaners can collect rubbish on time. These small changes make cities cleaner and safer. IoT also brings great help to health care. Wearable watches can check a person’s heart rate and send data to doctors. This way, doctors can know about patients’ health conditions at any time. The IoT is making the world smarter and more convenient. As it develops fast, it will create more wonderful chances in the future. 1．What is the IoT according to the passage? A．A new kind of traffic light. B．A kind of new mobile phone. C．A software for controlling fridges. D．A network connecting things to the Internet. 2．What can a smart fridge do? A．Clean the kitchen. B．Tell you what to buy. C．Take photos of food. D．Cook food automatically. 3．The underlined phrase “adjust” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A．change B．repair C．watch D．remember 4．Which of the following is TRUE about IoT? A．IoT can only be used at home. B．IoT makes traffic jams worse. C．Wearable watches help with health care. D．People must control IoT devices every minute. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．New Mobile Apps. B．How to Use the Internet. C．The IoT: A Smarter World. D．Smart Homes in the Future. Passage 3 （2026·云南昆明·二模）  Recently, the word “token” is very popular in the AI field. A token is a basic piece of information that AI large models depend on. The CEO of Nvidia regards tokens as valuable new resources, so many high-tech companies are competing to develop more advanced AI token technology. However, the use of advanced AI token technology requires great electric power, so keeping a steady power supply (供应) has become a serious problem. Big famous companies such as Microsoft and Google are planning to use small nuclear reactors (核反应堆) to provide power for AI computer centers.   China is taking the lead in this new field. Linglong One, the world’s first small inland nuclear power project, will be completed soon and start working this year. It can make plenty of electricity every year, supply power for lots of families and reduce harmful carbon (碳) gases greatly.   Linglong One takes little space, works safely and is easy to use. It can be built beside computer centers and offer energy quickly. It can also be used on ships as power stations. World energy groups believe nuclear power is perfect for AI development, because it is clean, steady and strong.   Recent reports show Chinese AI services have been more widely used than foreign ones for many weeks. China also pays special attention to the connection between AI computing and energy supply. Clean nuclear power will help AI develop quickly and healthily in the future. 1．What is a token according to the text? A．An AI system. B．A kind of new energy. C．A high-tech company. D．A basic piece of information. 2．What advantage does Linglong One have? A．It reduces heat and gases greatly. B．It takes large space and works safely. C．It can be used on ships as power stations. D．It offers electric power slowly but strongly. 3．What can we know about nuclear power from the text? A．It is dangerous to use. B．It is good for AI development. C．It should be built under deep water. D．It has been widely used all over China. 4．What is the structure of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2,...) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Popular Token Technology. B．The History of Nuclear Reactors. C．Famous World AI Companies. D．Nuclear Power Helps AI Develop. 主题03 传统文化工艺 Passage 1 （2026·云南临沧·二模）In Chinese culture, many plants stand for different human qualities. For thousands of years, the art of traditional Chinese flower arrangement (插花) has shown the beauty of these plants. Wang Lianying is a professor (教授) at Beijing Forestry University and an expert in this art. Thanks to her efforts, the art of Chinese flower arrangement is now more widely known. Before the 1980s, many flower arrangements in China were done in foreign styles. Wang decided to carry out China’s own research on flower arrangement. She started by studying historical documents (历史文献) from before the Qing Dynasty. In 1987, she set up the Beijing Association of Flower Arrangement and Art Study (北京插花艺术研究会). Later, in 2004, she also helped set the national standards for flower arrangers. Wang says that there are four basic forms and three basic rules of traditional flower arrangement. The basic rules are: respecting nature, learning from nature, and showing nature in a better way. These forms and rules work together to make the art look natural. When choosing flowers, artists pay attention to showing their natural beauty. They also try to express the human qualities that the flowers stand for. For many years, Wang has spread the traditional flower arrangement skills. She has been organizing training programs and teaching courses at Beijing Forestry University. Wang has great hopes for young people. She hopes that they will create more lively artworks. Wang thinks more people will learn and enjoy this art form. 1．What do we know about the art of traditional Chinese flower arrangement? A．It was created by Wang Lianying. B．It became popular only in the 1980s. C．It has a history of thousands of years. D．It focuses on showing human qualities. 2．How did Wang Lianying start her research on traditional flower arrangement? A．By setting up an association. B．By organizing training programs. C．By studying historical documents. D．By learning from foreign flower arrangement styles. 3．In what order does paragraph 2 develop? A．Time. B．Places. C．Memories. D．Importance. 4．What are the basic rules of traditional flower arrangement? a. Respecting nature.    b. Learning from nature. c. Protecting nature.    d. Showing nature in a better way. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 5．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．People. B．Science. C．Sport. D．Health. Passage 2 （2026·云南楚雄·二模）Long ago, in ancient China, there was a story about the invention of silk. People believed that silk was first invented by Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor. Leizu learned how to make cocoons (蚕茧) into soft and strong cloth. This magical cloth became known as “silk”, and it was so valuable that it was called “China’s Gold”. Following kings’ orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries. But then, something amazing happened! During the Han Dynasty, the brave officer Zhang Qian traveled west as far as Central Asia and brought silk there. As years passed by, silk became so important that the trade road from Europe to China got its name—the Silk Road. The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices (香料), gold and silver from the West. At the very beginning, it was mainly about trade; then people began to share ideas, technologies and cultures. For example, Chinese inventions like papermaking were spread to the West, while new ideas about math and science came to China. Most importantly, the Silk Road helped different cultures learn from each other. Art, music and even language were shared along this ancient road. In places like the Dunhuang Grottoes (敦煌石窟) in China, you can see how art pieces combined (融合) Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive. It can not be seen anywhere else. The story of the Silk Road tells us how people from faraway lands could become friends through trade and shared ideas. Today, we remember the Silk Road as one of the greatest examples of cooperation and exchange in history. It shows us how important it is to learn about and respect each other’s traditions, and that different cultures can work together to create amazing things. 1．Who invented silk in ancient China? A．Leizu. B．The kings. C．Zhang Qian. D．The Yellow Emperor. 2．What was spread from China to the West according to paragraph 3? A．Silk and gold. B．Tea and papermaking. C．Spices and silver. D．New ideas of science. 3．What is the right order of the following facts from the passage? ① Zhang Qian traveled west with silk. ②Art and language were shared along the Silk Road. ③ Traders from China and the West exchanged things. ④The Chinese were ordered to keep the secret of making silk. A． ①→④→③→② B．①→③→④→② C．④→①→③→② D．④→③→②→① 4．What does the underlined word “distinctive” mean in paragraph 4? A．Special. B．Public. C．Popular. D．Strong. 5．What does the story of the Silk Road mainly tell us? A．The change of world trade. B．The introduction of silk cloth. C．The influence of technology in history. D．The importance of cross-cultural communication. 主题01 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）In April 2026, China started an important plan to bring artificial intelligence (AI) into all schools. It is called the “AI + Education Action Plan”, marking a new step in China’s smart education. This plan will make AI a common helper for students and teachers. And it has changed our study and teaching in a meaningful way. In the past, only a few schools in big cities used AI in education. But now, AI will enter every classroom, both in cities and countryside. For students, AI is a “smart study partner”. It makes personalized homework depending on each student’s level and explains difficult knowledge in simple ways. If you are slow in math, it will give easier practice to help you build confidence; if you learn fast, it will provide more challenging problems to help you make progress. For teachers, AI is a “super teaching assistant”. It helps make scientific teaching plans and correct homework quickly to save much time. With more free time, teachers can focus more on each student’s needs. Besides, schools use AI to check campus safety and manage daily work efficiently (有效地). Most parents also welcome this plan and they believe it will bridge the gap between school and home learning. “AI tools at home help me understand my child’s progress clearly, so I can guide him better,” said Mrs. Zhang, a parent of a Grade-8 student. The plan sets clear goals, that is, junior high schools will offer at least 8 AI lessons yearly to help students use AI wisely. By 2030, China will build a new education style with AI and humans working together. In short, this plan shows China’s technological progress and makes education fairer, leading us to a smarter learning future. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By stating a fact. C．By telling a story. D．By comparing different ideas. 2．What can AI do for students as a “smart study partner”? ① Cook lunch for students. ② Explain difficult knowledge simply. ③ Play sports with students. ④ Make personalized homework. A．①② B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ 3．What can we infer from the text? A．AI will take the place of teachers completely. B．Only big cities can use AI in schools. C．AI helps make education fairer for all students. D．Students don’t need to study any more. 4．What would be the best structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．China’s “AI + Education” Plan Changes Our Study B．AI Helps Students Do Homework C．How to Use AI Wisely at School D．The History of AI in Chinese School Passage 2 （2026·云南文山·二模）Air pollution is a common problem in many cities. Factories, cars and even household activities can cause air pollution, but it’s hard to find exactly where the pollution comes from. Scientists have used AI to help reduce air pollution. They set up small air quality sensors (质量传感器) in cities to collect real-time data about harmful gases and particles (颗粒). Then, the AI system analyzes the data to find out where the pollution is from and predict how it will spread. The AI system can solve problems it found. For example, if AI finds a factory giving off too many harmful gases, it warns the factory. The factory can change its machines to make less pollution. It also helps plan traffic, suggesting route changes or public transport to reduce car-related pollution. Tests in several cities show that this AI technology can reduce air pollution by 20% in just six months. It’s easy to use and low-cost, so many cities use it. The AI system also teaches people about air pollution—it sends tips to phones, like “Stay indoors today. Air quality is poor.” or “Use public transport to help reduce pollution.” The scientists’ next plan is to make the AI system more correct and use it in more cities, including small towns. They also want to add more sensors to cover more areas. “AI is a powerful tool to fight air pollution,” the researchers said. “It helps us find pollution sources quickly and take action in time. We can use this technology to teach people how to protect the environment. This is a simple and effective way to make our cities cleaner.” 1．According to paragraph 2, why does the AI system analyze the data? a. To set up small air quality sensors.    b. To find out where the pollution is from. c. To make harmful gases disappear.    d. To predict how the pollution will spread. A．a, b B．a, c C．b, d D．c, d 2．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By giving suggestions. 3．What is the scientists’ next plan? A．Stop using AI in cities. B．Use fewer sensors to cover fewer areas. C．Cut down the cost of AI. D．Make the AI better and use it in more cities. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Sports. B．Science. C．People. D．Travel. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Air Pollution in Cities B．Harmful Gases and Particles C．AI Helps Fight Air Pollution D．How to Use Public Transport Passage 3 （2026·云南大理·二模）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 16.626 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 16.49 million were sold in 2025. Among the total sales, 2.615 million EVs were sold to foreign countries. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs. It is one effort for green, high-quality (品质) development. As a result, China’s EV industry is developing very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show. Today, Chinese EVs are becoming smarter—many now use AI technology to help with driving and save energy. China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. To become better, EV makers are working hard on new technologies like better batteries (电池) and AI support. The government is also taking action—it plans to double the number of charging stations (充电站) by 2027, which will make it easier to charge everywhere, even in villages. At the same time, more Chinese people care about the environment, which encourages more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. After all, green transport is environmentally friendly. With strong government support and the makers’ efforts, China will probably hold the lead in the future. 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were produced in 2025? A．2.615 million. B．16.49 million. C．16.626 million. D．16.266 million. 2．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 2? A．By giving reasons.B．By listing numbers.C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．AI technology is used in EVs to help with driving. B．The batteries of EVs are already good enough. C．It will be impossible to have charging stations in villages. D．EVs are not good choices for buyers because they are harmful to the Earth. 4．What’s the writer’s opinion towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Afraid. B．Sad. C．Doubtful. D．Hopeful. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of Auto China B．Challenges of Making Batteries C．China’s Bright Future in EVs D．How to Drive an Electric Car 主题02 中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）Do you know what wamao is? It’s a traditional clay cat, which usually has a round face, big eyes, sharp teeth and a wide-open mouth. It may look a little scary at first. In Yunnan, these clay cats are small heroes. They were once placed on rooftops of old houses to protect homes. People believed they could drive away bad luck and bring peace. In 2023, wamao became Yunnan’s provincial intangible cultural heritage (省级非物质文化遗产). Zhang Hang, 32, is an inheritor (传承人) of the Kunming wamao-making skills. He makes these lovely clay cats in his museum, which opened in 2019, in Kunming. He has made wamao popular through exhibitions (展览), workshops (工作坊) and tours. Zhang first saw wamao in 2012. “I was attracted by its special and lively look,” he said. After that, looking for old wamao became part of his daily life. After more than 10 years of hard work, Zhang’s museum has over 700 wamao. “It is a symbol of history, culture and people’s hope for a good life,” he said. To make a wamao, Zhang mixes clay, shapes it, dries it and then fires it. Skilled artisans can finish one in a week. But Zhang says the real challenge is mixing traditional styles with new ideas. “Sometimes it takes me a month to make a perfect wamao,” he said. “The goal is to help wamao find new meaning in modern society.” As old houses in Yunnan are disappearing, Zhang Hang hopes to keep the tradition of wamao alive and pass down its culture. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving suggestions. 2．How has Zhang Hang made wamao popular? A．Through online videos about wamao. B．Through exhibitions, workshops and tours. C．Through the intangible cultural heritage list. D．Through different kinds of wamao-making skills. 3．Which of the following can take the place of “attracted by” in paragraph 3? A．Interested in. B．Worried about. C．Proud of. D．Angry at. 4．What is the real challenge of making a wamao for Zhang Hang? A．Looking for the proper clay. B．Shaping a wamao in a week. C．Mixing traditional styles with new ideas. D．Taking a month to make a wide-open mouth of wamao. 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The importance of wamao in house-building. B．The advice on how to keep wamao-making skills alive. C．The way of making traditional wamao with modern ideas. D．The introduction of wamao and Zhang Hang’s efforts to pass down its culture. Passage 2 （2026·广东深圳·二模）Today, food delivery (外卖) is an important part of our daily lives. But did you know it started a long time ago? Expert Hou Yinguo says dining services like today’s food delivery began during the Han Dynasty. But the term “food delivery” was first used in the Song Dynasty. At first, food delivery was a special service for important people. But later, it became popular among everyone. In the Song Dynasty, China’s food takeout business reached a golden age. There was a lot of food in Bianjing (today’s Kaifeng in Henan). People often bought ready-made meals from local shops instead of cooking. Without phones, ordering was harder than today. They had to visit a restaurant in person or send someone to make the order, then tell the restaurant when and where they needed the food, and the restaurant would bring it to them. The delivery person was called xianhan. People wanted their delivered food to be warm and tasty. They didn’t have our modern technology (技术), but they were very clever! In the Song Dynasty, they had a special dish called wenpan. It was like two plates put together with space in the middle. They would pour hot water into that space between the plates to keep the food on top warm. 1．According to the passage, when was the term “food delivery” first used? A．During the Song Dynasty. B．During the Han Dynasty. C．During the Tang Dynasty. D．In modern times. 2．How did people in the Song Dynasty make a food delivery order without phones? A．By sending a letter to the restaurant. B．By sending a xianhan to the restaurant. C．By shouting from their house to the restaurant. D．By visiting the restaurant in person. 3．What is the main purpose of the sixth paragraph? A．To explain why food delivery was only for important people. B．To compare ancient and modern food delivery technology. C．To describe the clever method people used to keep food warm during delivery. D．To introduce the different kinds of food available in the Song Dynasty. 4．Which picture correctly shows wenpan from the Song Dynasty? A．B．C． D． 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．A Brief History of Food Delivery. B．The Golden Age of Chinese Cooking. C．The Life of Delivery Workers in History. D．How Technology Changed Food Delivery. 主题03 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）In 2025, China made amazing progress in brain-computer interface (BCI, 脑机接口) technology. It is giving new hope to people with serious brain or nerve (神经) problems, like those who can’t move or speak because of illness or injury. Let’s look at how it helps different patients. For someone who can’t move their arms and legs as a result of ALS (an illness that weakens muscles) or a spinal cord injury (脊髓损伤), BCI could help them control a computer cursor (光标) or even a robotic arm just by thinking. Not long ago, a team from Nankai University did the world’s first test of a special BCI that helped a patient move again. The patient who had been unable to move his left side for six months was able to move his arm and even take medicine on his own by using the BCI. What’s more, a few months ago, a man who lost arms and legs in an electric shock accident started using a BCI. Just 2-3 weeks later, he could play chess and racing games with his mind. Another big step is helping people who can’t speak. With the help of a Chinese-language BCI system, scientists helped a patient, who had lost the ability to talk, say things like “I want a drink of water” or “I want to walk with my family” just by thinking — their brain signals (信号) were turned into words. For millions of people with brain or nerve problems, BCI could change their lives. And China is taking the lead to make it better every day. 1．Whom does BCI technology give new hope to? A．A boy who coughs a lot because of a cold. B．A girl who has a sore back because of lifting heavy things. C．A woman who has a stomachache because of eating too much. D．A man who can’t move or speak because of serious brain or nerve problems. 2．How does BCI help patients? A．It teaches patients to play racing games well. B．It trains robotic arms to help patients move and write. C．It gives better medicine to people with nerve problems. D．It helps patients to control a computer cursor by thinking. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．BCI can allow the deaf to hear again. B．BCI can help people who have trouble thinking. C．The brain signals can be changed into words with the help of BCI. D．The man who lost arms and legs couldn’t play chess until he learned about BCI. 4．What’s the structure of the text? (① = Paragraph 1. ② = Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of BCI Technology B．The Future of BCI Technology C．The Problems of BCI Technology D．The Achievements of BCI Technology Passage 2 （2026·福建福州·二模） Do you believe you see the world exactly as it is? Studies of visual illusions (tricks of the eye) show that what we see is actually not as simple as it looks. Our brain is not a camera. It does not just record what we see. Instead, the brain uses its own experience to guess what is happening in the world. One famous study, led by Ivan Kroupin, tested people with the Coffer illusion. Researchers found that people in Western countries, like the UK and the US, usually saw rectangles, while people living in small villages in Namibia often saw circles. To explain this, scientists created the “carpentered world” hypothesis (人工建筑环境假说). It says that people in modern cities are used to straight lines and right angles (直角) because of the buildings around them. Their environments are “carpentered”, so their brains are trained to see those shapes. Villagers in Namibia live in places with fewer sharp angles, such as round huts (小屋), so they see circles more easily. However, another study used the Müller-Lyer illusion to challenge this idea. In this illusion, one line has arrowheads pointing inward, while the other line of equal (同等的) length has arrowheads pointing outward. This makes the two lines appear different in length. The study found that this effect was not caused by the cultural environment. In fact, animals like fish also experience this trick. Even today, we are still learning why these differences happen. It’s likely that the world we see is not exactly the same as reality. Paying attention to these differences can help us avoid misunderstandings and know each other better. 1．How does the writer start the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By describing an experience. C．By asking a question. D．By explaining the cause. 2．What did researchers find in the study led by Ivan Kroupin? A．People from the UK and the US usually saw many circles. B．People from small villages in Namibia often saw right angles. C．Living environment might shape how people see things. D．Living environment might change our feelings. 3．Which group of lines shows the Müller-Lyer illusion? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the writer mention the fish in Paragraph 4? A．To make sure whether they are able to swim straight or not. B．To challenge the Müller-Lyer illusion. C．To use them as arrowheads at both ends. D．To show the cultural environment doesn’t cause the illusion. 5．Which saying best matches the text? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Every coin has two sides. C．One tree can’t make a forest. D．Seeing is not always believing. Passage 3 （2026·福建泉州·二模）Sending information from 40,000 kilometers above Earth might sound like the thing of science fiction, but Chinese scientists have turned it into reality. They have successfully kept a high-speed laser (激光) connection with a satellite in high orbit (轨道) for more than three hours. High-orbit satellites are typically 36,000 kilometers above Earth, while low-Earth orbit satellites go from a few hundred kilometers to 2,000 kilometers. Because of their higher altitude (海拔), high-orbit satellites can cover larger areas. However, the high altitude can bring problems. The communication between these satellites and the ground can last only minutes. Also, while information travels quickly from satellites, signals from Earth are much slower. “It’s like sending 10 messages from the satellites and getting only one reply from the earth,” Liu Chao, a researcher said, “It’s hard to have a high-quality conversation that way.” To solve these problems, the research team developed a laser communication ground station with a 1.8-meter-wide optical telescope (光学望远镜) in Lijiang, Yunnan province. Acting like a sharp eye, the station can receive weak signals from over 40,000 kilometers away. Besides, scientists used a guiding laser to help the satellite and ground station quickly find each other. They also used advanced technology to keep the “conversation” stable (稳定的). The efforts have resulted in a breakthrough. At distances of up to 40,740 kilometers, the ground station and a high-orbit satellite achieved two-way communication in just 4 seconds. The connection, which was as fast as 1 gigabit (千兆比特) per second, lasted over 3 hours without a break. This means that high-orbit satellites can not only send information quickly but also receive detailed instructions in real time. The experiment proved the deep-space communication abilities of ground stations. “With this technology, we Chinese will be able to communicate with deep space probes on the moon, Mars and other locations directly from Earth,” Liu said. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．Sending information from space remains a dream. B．High-speed laser connection lasted over three hours. C．Science fiction writers often work with scientists. D．Low-orbit satellites are better than high-orbit ones. 2．Which picture shows the problem in paragraph 2? A． B． C． D． 3．How did the scientists improve the connection in paragraph 3? ① By receiving more signals from space. ② By helping the two sides find each other. ③ By developing a longer optical telescope. ④ By keeping the “conversation” more stable. A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③ 4．Why are some numbers listed in paragraph 4? A．To show how great the achievement is. B．To discuss why the connection is difficult. C．To introduce how fast the breakthrough is. D．To explain why the scientists develop the laser. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Laser Travels Faster in Space B．High Orbit Satellites Shine Bright C．Laser Station: China Builds a Home D．40,000 km Laser Chat: China Makes it Passage 4 （2026·广东深圳·二模）Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. For many of us, the total requirements of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Digital technologies make us stay connected all the time, which also extends (延长) our working hours and makes it difficult to switch off from the needs of friends and family. Richard O. Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, examined a piece of research. The research compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in city and natural environments. It showed that people felt time was expanded when they were in nature. For example, a walk in the countryside feels longer than the same walk in the city. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world—it also helps us think about the future. Spending time outdoors makes us feel better at setting long-term goals. We stop focusing only on daily stress and start seeing the bigger picture. If spending time in nature isn’t possible for you, there are other ways that you can control your time. Try keeping a time diary to see where your hours go. Also, set some rules for using time—like booking in time in your calendar to take a break. Taking control of your time can help you stop feeling that it’s running away from you. 1．Why do people often feel they don’t have enough time according to the passage? A．Because they always spend too much time walking in the countryside. B．Because digital technologies make them work longer and be connected. C．Because they don’t know how to plan their daily tasks in a proper way. D．Because they aren’t good at using tools to help them work more quickly. 2．What does the underlined word “expanded” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Important. B．Wasted. C．Longer. D．Valuable. 3．How did Correia carry out the research? A．By asking people to test their walking speed both in city and nature. B．By interviewing people about their daily use of digital technologies. C．By examining how fast people complete tasks in natural environment. D．By comparing time feelings of doing tasks in city and natural settings. 4．What did the research find? A．Walking in the city is more beneficial for setting goals. B．People feel more stressed when walking in the countryside. C．People in city areas never focus on the bigger picture of their lives. D．Being in nature makes time feel longer and helps with long-term goals. 5．According to the passage, if Lily has no time to be in nature, what can she do to control her time? A．Stay connected with friends online all the time. B．Keep a time diary and set rules for using time. C．Move to the countryside immediately. D．Start to think more about future plans. Passage 5 （2026·山东济南·二模）Have you noticed that things are funnier when you’re with friends or family? Scientists say laughter is closely connected to being around other people. In fact, we are about 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are alone. A recent study found that laughter is contagious, which makes it hard to control. Researchers in Germany did an experiment: volunteers listened to jokes, and scientists checked their face muscles (肌肉) for tiny movements. The volunteers tried to stop laughing by thinking about something else, keeping a straight face, or telling themselves the joke wasn’t funny. Some tricks worked a little, but there was a problem. When the volunteers heard someone else laughing, it became much harder to stay serious. The sound of laughter tells the brain, “This is funny! Join in!” “Our study shows that laughter is not just a choice when something is funny,” says Dr. Schacht, one of the researchers. “It is also a fast, automatic reaction (自动反应) shaped by the people around us.” Besides the social influence, laughter also changes our bodies in ways that make it hard to stop. It makes the brain produce happy things, like endorphins (内啡肽). These things stop pain, make us feel good, help us deal with stress, protect our heart, and control our wish to eat. Because they feel so good, our brain doesn’t want to stop laughing once it starts. That’s fun at a party, but it can be embarrassing when you need to be quiet, like reading in front of the class. “Uncontrollable laughter comes from many things: your feelings, your brain’s reward system (奖励系统), your muscles, and the people around you,” Dr. Schacht says. “It’s not controlled by just only one thing in the brain.” 1．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．能被控制的 B．有传染性的 C．有害的 D．常见的 2．Why is laughter hard to control according to the German study? A．Laughter is a contagious social reaction. B．Face muscles move too quickly to control. C．The brain refuses to follow people’s orders. D．People cannot stop thinking about funny jokes. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Laughter. B．The volunteers. C．Endorphins. D．Stress. 4．When might uncontrollable laughter be embarrassing? A．At a party with friends. B．When watching a funny movie. C．While talking with family. D．In a quiet place like a classroom. 5．What is Dr. Schacht’s opinion about uncontrollable laughter? A．It is caused by only one thing in the brain. B．It comes from many things working together. C．It only happens when people hear others laugh. D．It can be easily controlled by thinking of serious things. 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （2026·云南临沧·二模）Yunnan Province is famous for its tea gardens and good weather all year round. In recent years, it has developed a special “tea-photovoltaic (tea-PV) complementary (茶光互补)” model. So far in 2026, a new key tea-PV project in Cangyuan County has been put into use—it is the Mengsheng Farm PV power station. Tea is a very important industry in Yunnan, and millions of local people make a living by planting and processing tea. To solve the problem of sharing land for both farming and energy development, people came up with an idea. They put solar panels (太阳能电池板) above tea gardens. The panels act like big umbrellas for the tea trees. They provide cool places in hot weather and protect the trees from cold air in winter. Besides, the panels can reduce the growth of grass and the use of harmful chemicals for killing grass. The tea-PV model greatly improves tea quality and even allows farmers to get more tea, increasing the output by about 10%. The Mengsheng Farm PV power station is a perfect example of this model. It uses a special way to fit the mountains. The solar panels are raised high enough to leave enough space for farmers to work in the tea gardens below. The project brings many benefits to local people: it makes plenty of clean electricity, cuts down carbon dioxide emissions (二氧化碳排放) to protect the environment, and provides new jobs for locals. It also offers free skills training to help villagers learn how to look after PV machines and plant tea. The success of this model in Yunnan shows us how clean energy and traditional tea planting can work together well. It not only protects the beautiful environment of Yunnan but also helps village areas develop better and faster. It sets a good example for other places around the world that have similar land and climate conditions. 1．What main problem does the tea-PV model aim to solve? A．The bad weather that hurts tea trees. B．The lack of land for farming and energy. C．The high cost of buying solar panels. D．The trouble of removing grass in tea gardens. 2．What does the underlined word “output” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Production. B．Price. C．Area. D．Height. 3．What’s the writer’s possible opinion about this special model? A．It’s helpful. B．It’s worrying. C．It’s terrible. D．It’s unknown. 4．What does the success of the model show us? A．Solar power costs little. B．Big projects are always difficult. C．Green development is a win-win choice. D．Planting tea is a good way of development. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Solar Panels B．Clean Energy C．The Tea-PV Model D．The Mengsheng Farm 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了云南创新的“茶光互补”（tea-PV）模式，该模式将太阳能发电与茶叶种植结合，解决了农业与能源发展的土地共享问题，并实现了生态与经济的双赢。 1．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“To solve the problem of sharing land for both farming and energy development, people came up with an idea.”，说明茶光互补模式旨在解决农业和能源发展缺乏共用土地的问题。 2．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“The tea-PV model greatly improves tea quality and even allows farmers to get more tea, increasing the output by about 10%.”，“get more tea”对应产量提升，因此“output”表示“产量（Production）”。 3．全文可得出结论，作者介绍了该模式在提升茶叶产量、提供清洁能源、创造就业、保护环境等多方面的益处，并在最后一段称其“sets a good example”，说明作者认为该模式是有帮助的。 4．第四段可得出结论，原文提到“It not only protects the beautiful environment of Yunnan but also helps village areas develop better and faster.”，说明该模式的成功证明了绿色发展是一种双赢选择，既保护了环境，又促进了经济发展。 5．全文可得出结论，文章围绕“tea-PV complementary model”展开，介绍了其诞生背景、运作方式、优势及意义，因此最佳标题是“The Tea-PV Model”。 Passage 2 （2026·云南楚雄·二模）Emojis (表情符号) are a fun way to express ourselves while sending messages. But did you know that the same emoji can mean very different things in different cultures? This can cause misunderstandings or even trouble if you’re not careful enough. Let’s take a closer look at some emojis and their surprising cultural meanings. Let’s start with the thumbs-up (竖大拇指) emoji. In many Western countries, people use it widely to show agreement or to praise a job well done. However, in some parts of the Middle East, West Africa and South America, people see it as rude, similar to giving someone the middle finger (手指). The OK hand sign also has many kinds of cultural meanings. In the US and Europe, it simply means “everything is fine” or “perfect”. However, people in Brazil and Türkiye think it is an impolite gesture (手势). Even more interestingly, in France, it stands for “zero” or “nothing”. Clearly, this emoji’s meaning truly changes a lot across different cultures! The folded hands emoji also carries different meanings. In Western cultures, many people take it as a high-five—a gesture of celebration. But in most Asian cultures, it is a way to express thanks or greet others. The crossed fingers emoji can also get you into trouble. In the UK, the US and Canada, crossing fingers is a common way to wish someone good luck. However, in Vietnam, you’d better think twice before using the gesture, as it has an unexpected negative meaning there. Understanding these cultural differences can help avoid misunderstandings when communicating across cultures. 1．In which part of the world do people think the thumbs-up is rude? A．Asia. B．The Middle East. C．North America. D．Australia. 2．Which of the following has the most meanings according to the article? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn about the folded hands emoji? A．Western people use it to show anger. B．Many Asian people use it to say hi. C．It has the same meaning in all cultures. D．It is impolite in most European countries. 4．What should people avoid doing when meeting someone from Vietnam? A．Using folded hands to say thanks. B．Giving the thumbs-up to praise them. C．Crossing fingers for good luck. D．Making the OK sign for perfection. 5．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To encourage people to use emojis widely. B．To suggest some new ways to use emojis. C．To introduce the development of emojis. D．To explain emojis’ different cultural meanings. Passage 3 （2026·福建厦门·一模）Recently, at a night market in Hangzhou, people can do more than buy snacks. They can also “search for peace of mind.” Led by Professor Hong Fang from a local university, a professional team has set up a “psychology stall (心理咨询摊位)” there. It offers free counseling (咨询) to visitors. The best part of this new idea is that it is easy for everyone to join. Many people feel scared or nervous about visiting a formal counseling center. But at this night market, they can talk with counselors while making handicrafts (手工艺品) such as painting masks. They can now ask for help in a relaxing and familiar environment. A psychological counselor says this method is very helpful. It helps counselors and people build trust faster. The simple act of creating something helps people relax and express their feelings, and professional counselors can guide conversations towards a deeper understanding. Similar efforts have also appeared in other cities. A counseling service event was held in Chongming, Shanghai, on October 9, 2025. The event mixed games with counseling to bring mental (精神的) health services closer to everyday life. A researcher thinks providing psychological services is a creative and meaningful try. This not only connects psychology with folk traditions, but also helps more people feel comfortable opening up and talking about their worries. This new model mixes professional care with daily life. It makes mental support easy to get and encourages people to care about their feelings. This is a warm and practical way to build a healthier society. 1．What can people do at the “psychology stall” at the night market? ①Make delicious snacks.    ②Make handcrafts.    ③Get free counseling.    ④Play interesting games. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④ 2．Why do people prefer the “psychology stall” to a formal counseling center? A．Because they can learn how to make handcrafts there. B．Because they feel relaxed and less nervous there. C．Because it is open at night and near their homes. D．Because the counselors are more professional there. 3．How does the writer develop Paragraph 4? A．By giving an example.B．By listing numbers.C．By asking a question. D．By using a saying. 4．Which of the following would the researcher most probably agree with according to Paragraph 5? A．More professional training is needed for the counselors. B．The stall’s main value is to let people enjoy folk traditions. C．The success of the stall comes from the popularity of night markets. D．Mixing psychological services with folk traditions helps people open up. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Counselors Bring Help to Night Markets B．Handcrafts Help People Relax Their Minds C．Free Counseling Comes to the Night Market D．Night Markets Build a Healthier Society Passage 4 （2026·山东济南·二模）Dandelions are very common plants. You can easily find them in fields, parks, and even by the roadside. Although many people think of them as weeds (杂草), dandelions are actually full of surprises. Let’s start with what they look like. A dandelion has several special features. Its leaves grow from the base and are long with deep cuts, looking like a lion’s teeth. That is how it got its name—from French words meaning “lion’s tooth”. Each plant grows a straight, hollow stem (空心茎) with only one flower on top. Interestingly, what looks like a single yellow flower is actually made up of many tiny petals (花瓣) packed closely together. When the flower is ripe, it turns into a white, fluffy (毛茸茸的) ball. Each seed has a tiny “umbrella” that helps it fly away in the wind. Besides its beauty, the dandelion is also famous for its strong ability to survive (生存). Dandelions can grow almost anywhere—in grass, on hills, or even through cracks in the pavement. They don’t need much care. A single dandelion can produce over 100 seeds, and the wind can carry them far away. This is why they spread so quickly and appear almost everywhere in spring. What is more, dandelions are not just pretty—they are useful too. In traditional Chinese medicine, dandelion is believed to help reduce body heat and is good for the liver and eyes. Young dandelion leaves are also edible. They taste a little bitter at first, but then you can feel a slight sweetness. Its root is long and thick, similar to a thin carrot. Apart from its practical value, the dandelion also carries rich cultural meaning. In many Western countries, children love to blow dandelion seeds and make a wish. People believe that if you blow all the seeds away in one try, your wish will come true. In China, the dandelion stands for a strong will because it can survive in hard conditions and travel far with the wind. So next time you see a dandelion, do not just walk past it. Stop and take a closer look. It is not just a weed, but a gift from nature. dandelion (蒲公英) 1．How did the dandelion get its name? A．From the color of its stem. B．From the taste of its root. C．From the smell of its flower. D．From the shape of its leaves. 2．What does the underlined word “edible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Safe to eat. B．Soft and crispy. C．Hard to cook. D．Big but dry. 3．Which best summarizes the main uses of dandelions? A．They can be used to make medicine. B．They are just beautiful flowers to look at. C．They have medical value and can be used as food. D．They are used to make wishes and symbolize a strong will. 4．What is the structure of this text? A．Time order. B．General-to-specific order. C．Cause and effect. D．Comparison and contrast. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Tiny Wonder in Spring B．The Secret of the Weeds C．The Superpower of Dandelions D．A Discovery in the Plant World / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·云南丽江·二模）Music is known to have a great effect on humans. It can help people remember things better and make them feel less worried and sad. But do dogs enjoy listening to music as much as people do? Some studies show that dogs can feel calm when they listen to classical music. In 2020, researchers from the Sydney School of Veterinary Science studied nine studies on how music affects dogs. They found classical music could calm dogs down. The dogs would lie down, rest, or sit quietly when the music was playing. Amy Campbell, a dog trainer, said that not all classical music has the same effect. Some pieces have loud sounds that may make dogs feel stressed. A study in 2023 in the magazine Animal Welfare found that heavy metal music caused stress in dogs. Many dogs barked (吠叫) when this kind of music was playing. You may have heard of “dog music”. If not, it’s just what you think. It’s music made especially to make dogs feel better. Some music apps have free song lists for dogs. But the 2020 study showed that dogs were no calmer when listening to special “dog music” (like Through a Dog’s Ear) than regular classical music. If you want to comfort your dog with music, here is some advice. First, watch how your dog acts when the music is playing. Second, don’t play the music too loud. Moreover, see if your dog stays away from rooms with music. If it does, it probably likes quiet places better. 1．How does classical music affect dogs according to Paragraph 2? A．It improves their memory. B．It makes them feel calm. C．It makes them bark more. D．It makes them more active. 2．Which type of music can cause stress in dogs? A．Pop music. B．Classical music. C．Heavy metal music. D．Folk music. 3．What is the “dog music”? A．The music that only dogs can hear. B．The regular classical music. C．The free songs on a music app. D．The music made especially to comfort dogs. 4．What does it mean if your dog leaves the room with music? A．The dog is sick and needs a vet. B．The dog is hungry and wants food. C．The dog may prefer a quiet place. D．The dog wants a different kind of music. 5．Where may we read the passage? A．In a science magazine. B．In a storybook. C．In a school notice. D．On a health website. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了音乐对狗的影响，包括古典音乐能让狗平静，重金属音乐会使狗感到压力，以及专门为狗制作的音乐等相关内容，并给出了用音乐安抚狗的建议。 1．第二段指出研究发现：“They found classical music could calm dogs down. The dogs would lie down, rest, or sit quietly when the music was playing”，这直接说明古典音乐能让狗感到平静。 2．第三段说明原因：“A study in 2023 in the magazine Animal Welfare found that heavy metal music caused stress in dogs. Many dogs barked (吠叫) when this kind of music was playing”，因此重金属音乐会使狗感到压力。 3．第四段定义：“It’s music made especially to make dogs feel better”，说明“狗音乐”是专门为让狗感觉更好而制作的音乐。 4．最后一段说明：“If it does, it probably likes quiet places better”，说明如果你的狗离开有音乐的房间，可能意味着它更喜欢安静的地方。 5．文章整体围绕音乐对狗的影响展开，属于科学研究范畴，所以可能在一本科学杂志上读到这篇文章。 主题02 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）Have you ever thought that a tree might be trying to tell us something? With the help of AI, scientists are beginning to open the hidden world of plant communication. People used to think plants were quiet and did not talk. But now, scientists find that is not true. For example, if a plant is in danger, it can put special things into the air to warn their neighbours. Some plants can even feel when insects are eating them. Plants have their own secret ways of “talking”. They use smells and very quiet sounds that people can’t easily find. This is where AI becomes a powerful tool. Scientists use the tool to research plants. They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape to perceive what the plant is doing. For example, scientists can teach AI to know the special sound a tomato plant makes when it needs water. AI can learn the “stress sound” a tree makes when it is sick. The future is exciting. Think about a time when AI can understand plant sounds for farmers. Then, farmers will know when their plants need water or when insects are eating them. This can help farmers use less water and fewer chemicals. Some scientists even want to make a “Plant Translator”. With it, we could hear when a plant is happy because it has enough water, or when a forest is in danger because it is too dry. Of course, this technology is still new. Understanding the full language of plants is a huge challenge. But the goal is not to have a conversation with a rose. It is to learn to be better listeners to the natural world. By using AI to understand plants, we can learn to care for our planet in a smarter and more respectful way. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving suggestions. 2．What can some plants do to warn their neighbours according to paragraph 2? A．Make loud noises. B．Move their leaves quickly. C．Change their colours. D．Put special things into the air. 3．What does the underlined word “perceive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Mind. C．Prevent. D．Understand. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Plants are quiet and can’t talk at all. B．AI can find that a tree is sick through its taste. C．A “Plant Translator” may help farmers grow plants better. D．People will know the full language of plants easily in the near future. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Use of AI in Understanding Plants B．The Problems of AI in Growing Plants C．The Talks between Humans and Animals D．The Difference between Plants and Animals 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家利用AI技术探索植物交流方式的相关研究，展现了植物的“沟通”能力及AI在农业、环保领域的应用前景。 【详解】1．根据第一段第一句“Have you ever thought that a tree might be trying to tell us something?（你有没有想过一棵树可能试图告诉我们什么？）”可知，作者是通过提出一个问题来开始文章的。 2．根据第二段中“For example, if a plant is in danger, it can put special things into the air to warn their neighbours.（例如，如果植物处于危险中，它可以向空气中释放特殊物质来警告它们的邻居。）”可知，植物通过向空气中释放特殊物质来警告邻居。 3．根据画线词所在的句子“They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape to perceive what the plant is doing.”以及后文提到的AI可以学习植物需要水或生病时的声音，可知科学家是为了“理解”或“感知”植物的状态。Enjoy（享受）、Mind（介意）、Prevent（预防）均不符合语境，Understand（理解）最接近。 4．根据第四段可知，“Plant Translator”可以帮助农民知道植物何时需要水或被害虫侵害，从而更好地照顾作物，C选项正确。根据第二段中“People used to think plants were quiet... But now, scientists find that is not true.”可知，植物并非完全安静不能交流，A选项错误。根据第三段中“They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape”可知，是通过声音和形状，而非味道（taste），B选项错误。根据最后一段中“Understanding the full language of plants is a huge challenge.”可知，完全理解植物语言是一个巨大的挑战，并不容易，D选项错误。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家如何利用人工智能（AI）技术来研究和理解植物的交流方式（声音、气味等），以及这项技术未来的应用前景。A选项“人工智能在理解植物方面的应用”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 2 （2026·云南·二模）Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is changing our daily life greatly. IoT is a large network that connects everyday objects to the Internet. These objects include phones, watches, fridges, lights and even traffic lights. They can collect and share information without much human help. At home, IoT makes life easier and smarter. For example, a smart fridge can know what food is inside and tell you when you need to buy more. Smart lights can turn on or off by themselves when you enter or leave a room. With mobile apps, you can control these devices anywhere and anytime. In cities, IoT helps make public services better. Traffic lights can adjust themselves according to traffic flow to reduce jams. Waste bins can send messages when they are full, so cleaners can collect rubbish on time. These small changes make cities cleaner and safer. IoT also brings great help to health care. Wearable watches can check a person’s heart rate and send data to doctors. This way, doctors can know about patients’ health conditions at any time. The IoT is making the world smarter and more convenient. As it develops fast, it will create more wonderful chances in the future. 1．What is the IoT according to the passage? A．A new kind of traffic light. B．A kind of new mobile phone. C．A software for controlling fridges. D．A network connecting things to the Internet. 2．What can a smart fridge do? A．Clean the kitchen. B．Tell you what to buy. C．Take photos of food. D．Cook food automatically. 3．The underlined phrase “adjust” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A．change B．repair C．watch D．remember 4．Which of the following is TRUE about IoT? A．IoT can only be used at home. B．IoT makes traffic jams worse. C．Wearable watches help with health care. D．People must control IoT devices every minute. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．New Mobile Apps. B．How to Use the Internet. C．The IoT: A Smarter World. D．Smart Homes in the Future. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了物联网（IoT）的定义及其在家庭生活、城市公共服务和医疗健康领域的应用，展现了它如何让世界变得更智能、便捷。 【详解】1．文中第1段提到“IoT is a large network that connects everyday objects to the Internet”，说明物联网是将日常物品连接到互联网的网络。 2．文中第2段提到“a smart fridge can know what food is inside and tell you when you need to buy more”，说明智能冰箱能识别内部食物并提醒你何时需要补充购买。 3．文中第3段提到“Traffic lights can adjust themselves according to traffic flow to reduce jams”，结合语境，交通信号灯会根据车流量“调整”自身状态以减少拥堵，因此“adjust”的含义是“改变、调整”。 4．文中第4段提到“Wearable watches can check a person’s heart rate and send data to doctors. This way, doctors can know about patients’ health conditions at any time”，说明可穿戴手表有助于医疗保健。 5．全文围绕物联网如何让世界变得更智能、便捷展开，因此最佳标题应概括这一核心内容。 Passage 3 （2026·云南昆明·二模）  Recently, the word “token” is very popular in the AI field. A token is a basic piece of information that AI large models depend on. The CEO of Nvidia regards tokens as valuable new resources, so many high-tech companies are competing to develop more advanced AI token technology. However, the use of advanced AI token technology requires great electric power, so keeping a steady power supply (供应) has become a serious problem. Big famous companies such as Microsoft and Google are planning to use small nuclear reactors (核反应堆) to provide power for AI computer centers.   China is taking the lead in this new field. Linglong One, the world’s first small inland nuclear power project, will be completed soon and start working this year. It can make plenty of electricity every year, supply power for lots of families and reduce harmful carbon (碳) gases greatly.   Linglong One takes little space, works safely and is easy to use. It can be built beside computer centers and offer energy quickly. It can also be used on ships as power stations. World energy groups believe nuclear power is perfect for AI development, because it is clean, steady and strong.   Recent reports show Chinese AI services have been more widely used than foreign ones for many weeks. China also pays special attention to the connection between AI computing and energy supply. Clean nuclear power will help AI develop quickly and healthily in the future. 1．What is a token according to the text? A．An AI system. B．A kind of new energy. C．A high-tech company. D．A basic piece of information. 2．What advantage does Linglong One have? A．It reduces heat and gases greatly. B．It takes large space and works safely. C．It can be used on ships as power stations. D．It offers electric power slowly but strongly. 3．What can we know about nuclear power from the text? A．It is dangerous to use. B．It is good for AI development. C．It should be built under deep water. D．It has been widely used all over China. 4．What is the structure of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2,...) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Popular Token Technology. B．The History of Nuclear Reactors. C．Famous World AI Companies. D．Nuclear Power Helps AI Develop. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍AI token技术对电力的巨大需求，以及核能(特别是中国“玲珑一号”小型核反应堆)作为稳定、清洁的解决方案。 【详解】1．第一段明确提到“A token is a basic piece of information that AI large models depend on.”，这说明A token是人工智能大模型所依赖的一种基本信息。 2．第三段明确提到“Linglong One takes little space, works safely and is easy to use. It can be built beside computer centers and offer energy quickly. It can also be used on ships as power stations.”，这说明玲珑一号可以用在船上作为发电站。 3．第三段明确提到“World energy groups believe nuclear power is perfect for AI development, because it is clean, steady and strong.”，这说明世界能源组织认为核能是人工智能发展的完美选择，因为它清洁、稳定、强劲。 4．第①段提出问题——AI token技术耗电大，需要稳定电力供应； 第②③段解决问题——介绍中国的“玲珑一号”小型核反应堆的特点和优势；第④段总结展望——清洁核能将助力AI健康快速发展。因此，本文的篇章结构如A图所示。 5．文章贯穿的主线是AI发展需要大量电力，而核能(尤其是小型核反应堆)是理想的解决方案。因此，D项“核能帮助人工智能发展”最适合做文章的标题。 主题03 传统文化工艺 Passage 1 （2026·云南临沧·二模）In Chinese culture, many plants stand for different human qualities. For thousands of years, the art of traditional Chinese flower arrangement (插花) has shown the beauty of these plants. Wang Lianying is a professor (教授) at Beijing Forestry University and an expert in this art. Thanks to her efforts, the art of Chinese flower arrangement is now more widely known. Before the 1980s, many flower arrangements in China were done in foreign styles. Wang decided to carry out China’s own research on flower arrangement. She started by studying historical documents (历史文献) from before the Qing Dynasty. In 1987, she set up the Beijing Association of Flower Arrangement and Art Study (北京插花艺术研究会). Later, in 2004, she also helped set the national standards for flower arrangers. Wang says that there are four basic forms and three basic rules of traditional flower arrangement. The basic rules are: respecting nature, learning from nature, and showing nature in a better way. These forms and rules work together to make the art look natural. When choosing flowers, artists pay attention to showing their natural beauty. They also try to express the human qualities that the flowers stand for. For many years, Wang has spread the traditional flower arrangement skills. She has been organizing training programs and teaching courses at Beijing Forestry University. Wang has great hopes for young people. She hopes that they will create more lively artworks. Wang thinks more people will learn and enjoy this art form. 1．What do we know about the art of traditional Chinese flower arrangement? A．It was created by Wang Lianying. B．It became popular only in the 1980s. C．It has a history of thousands of years. D．It focuses on showing human qualities. 2．How did Wang Lianying start her research on traditional flower arrangement? A．By setting up an association. B．By organizing training programs. C．By studying historical documents. D．By learning from foreign flower arrangement styles. 3．In what order does paragraph 2 develop? A．Time. B．Places. C．Memories. D．Importance. 4．What are the basic rules of traditional flower arrangement? a. Respecting nature.    b. Learning from nature. c. Protecting nature.    d. Showing nature in a better way. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 5．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．People. B．Science. C．Sport. D．Health. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇人物介绍类说明文，讲述了中国传统插花艺术的历史，以及王莲英教授为复兴和推广这门传统艺术所做的努力与贡献。 1．第一段可得出结论，原文提到“For thousands of years, the art of traditional Chinese flower arrangement has shown the beauty of these plants.”，说明中国传统插花艺术已有数千年历史。 2．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“She started by studying historical documents from before the Qing Dynasty.”，说明王莲英的研究是从研究清代以前的历史文献开始的。 3．第二段按时间顺序展开：“Before the 1980s”→ 1980年代前的背景；“In 1987”→ 成立北京插花艺术研究会；“Later, in 2004”→ 参与制定国家插花师标准。因此是时间顺序。 4．第三段可得出结论，原文提到“The basic rules are: respecting nature, learning from nature, and showing nature in a better way.”，对应选项a. Respecting nature、b. Learning from nature、d. Showing nature in a better way。 5．本文围绕王莲英教授推广传统插花艺术的人物事迹展开，属于人物报道，因此最可能出现在报纸的“People（人物）”版块。 Passage 2 （2026·云南楚雄·二模）Long ago, in ancient China, there was a story about the invention of silk. People believed that silk was first invented by Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor. Leizu learned how to make cocoons (蚕茧) into soft and strong cloth. This magical cloth became known as “silk”, and it was so valuable that it was called “China’s Gold”. Following kings’ orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries. But then, something amazing happened! During the Han Dynasty, the brave officer Zhang Qian traveled west as far as Central Asia and brought silk there. As years passed by, silk became so important that the trade road from Europe to China got its name—the Silk Road. The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices (香料), gold and silver from the West. At the very beginning, it was mainly about trade; then people began to share ideas, technologies and cultures. For example, Chinese inventions like papermaking were spread to the West, while new ideas about math and science came to China. Most importantly, the Silk Road helped different cultures learn from each other. Art, music and even language were shared along this ancient road. In places like the Dunhuang Grottoes (敦煌石窟) in China, you can see how art pieces combined (融合) Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive. It can not be seen anywhere else. The story of the Silk Road tells us how people from faraway lands could become friends through trade and shared ideas. Today, we remember the Silk Road as one of the greatest examples of cooperation and exchange in history. It shows us how important it is to learn about and respect each other’s traditions, and that different cultures can work together to create amazing things. 1．Who invented silk in ancient China? A．Leizu. B．The kings. C．Zhang Qian. D．The Yellow Emperor. 2．What was spread from China to the West according to paragraph 3? A．Silk and gold. B．Tea and papermaking. C．Spices and silver. D．New ideas of science. 3．What is the right order of the following facts from the passage? ① Zhang Qian traveled west with silk. ②Art and language were shared along the Silk Road. ③ Traders from China and the West exchanged things. ④The Chinese were ordered to keep the secret of making silk. A． ①→④→③→② B．①→③→④→② C．④→①→③→② D．④→③→②→① 4．What does the underlined word “distinctive” mean in paragraph 4? A．Special. B．Public. C．Popular. D．Strong. 5．What does the story of the Silk Road mainly tell us? A．The change of world trade. B．The introduction of silk cloth. C．The influence of technology in history. D．The importance of cross-cultural communication. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了丝绸之路的由来以及跨文化交流的重要性。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“People believed that silk was first invented by Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor. ”可知丝绸是嫘祖‌发明的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices, gold and silver from the West. ”和“For example, Chinese inventions like papermaking were spread to the West,”可知丝绸、茶叶和造纸从中国运到西方。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Following kings’ orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries.”可知丝绸制作方法一直是保密的，即④，直到后来“During the Han Dynasty, the brave officer Zhang Qian traveled west as far as Central Asia and brought silk there.”张骞把丝绸带去西方，即①，然后开始有丝绸之路。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“you can see how art pieces combined Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive.”可知中西方文化融合会出来特殊的东西。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“The story of the Silk Road tells us how people from faraway lands could become friends through trade and shared ideas.”可知丝绸之路的故事告诉我们以前的人们会通过贸易和分享成为朋友，因此介绍了跨文化交流的重要性。故选D。 主题01 科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）In April 2026, China started an important plan to bring artificial intelligence (AI) into all schools. It is called the “AI + Education Action Plan”, marking a new step in China’s smart education. This plan will make AI a common helper for students and teachers. And it has changed our study and teaching in a meaningful way. In the past, only a few schools in big cities used AI in education. But now, AI will enter every classroom, both in cities and countryside. For students, AI is a “smart study partner”. It makes personalized homework depending on each student’s level and explains difficult knowledge in simple ways. If you are slow in math, it will give easier practice to help you build confidence; if you learn fast, it will provide more challenging problems to help you make progress. For teachers, AI is a “super teaching assistant”. It helps make scientific teaching plans and correct homework quickly to save much time. With more free time, teachers can focus more on each student’s needs. Besides, schools use AI to check campus safety and manage daily work efficiently (有效地). Most parents also welcome this plan and they believe it will bridge the gap between school and home learning. “AI tools at home help me understand my child’s progress clearly, so I can guide him better,” said Mrs. Zhang, a parent of a Grade-8 student. The plan sets clear goals, that is, junior high schools will offer at least 8 AI lessons yearly to help students use AI wisely. By 2030, China will build a new education style with AI and humans working together. In short, this plan shows China’s technological progress and makes education fairer, leading us to a smarter learning future. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By stating a fact. C．By telling a story. D．By comparing different ideas. 2．What can AI do for students as a “smart study partner”? ① Cook lunch for students. ② Explain difficult knowledge simply. ③ Play sports with students. ④ Make personalized homework. A．①② B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ 3．What can we infer from the text? A．AI will take the place of teachers completely. B．Only big cities can use AI in schools. C．AI helps make education fairer for all students. D．Students don’t need to study any more. 4．What would be the best structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．China’s “AI + Education” Plan Changes Our Study B．AI Helps Students Do Homework C．How to Use AI Wisely at School D．The History of AI in Chinese School 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国“AI+教育行动计划”的背景、AI在教育中的应用（学生、教师、家长视角）及未来目标，展现了人工智能对教育的变革作用。 1．文中第1段直接陈述事实：“In April 2026, China started an important plan to bring artificial intelligence (AI) into all schools.”，说明作者是通过陈述事实的方式开篇的。 2．文中第2段提到AI作为“smart study partner”的作用：“It makes personalized homework depending on each student’s level and explains difficult knowledge in simple ways.”，因此②和④正确。 3．文中最后一段提到“this plan shows China’s technology progress and makes education fairer, leading us to a smarter learning future.”，可以推断AI有助于让所有学生获得更公平的教育。 4．文章结构分析：P1：引出“AI+教育行动计划”这一主题P2-P4：分别介绍AI对学生、教师、家长的影响（分述） P5：总结计划目标与意义 因此结构为“总—分—总”。 5．全文围绕中国“AI+教育行动计划”及其对教与学的改变展开，因此最佳标题应概括这一核心内容。 Passage 2 （2026·云南文山·二模）Air pollution is a common problem in many cities. Factories, cars and even household activities can cause air pollution, but it’s hard to find exactly where the pollution comes from. Scientists have used AI to help reduce air pollution. They set up small air quality sensors (质量传感器) in cities to collect real-time data about harmful gases and particles (颗粒). Then, the AI system analyzes the data to find out where the pollution is from and predict how it will spread. The AI system can solve problems it found. For example, if AI finds a factory giving off too many harmful gases, it warns the factory. The factory can change its machines to make less pollution. It also helps plan traffic, suggesting route changes or public transport to reduce car-related pollution. Tests in several cities show that this AI technology can reduce air pollution by 20% in just six months. It’s easy to use and low-cost, so many cities use it. The AI system also teaches people about air pollution—it sends tips to phones, like “Stay indoors today. Air quality is poor.” or “Use public transport to help reduce pollution.” The scientists’ next plan is to make the AI system more correct and use it in more cities, including small towns. They also want to add more sensors to cover more areas. “AI is a powerful tool to fight air pollution,” the researchers said. “It helps us find pollution sources quickly and take action in time. We can use this technology to teach people how to protect the environment. This is a simple and effective way to make our cities cleaner.” 1．According to paragraph 2, why does the AI system analyze the data? a. To set up small air quality sensors.    b. To find out where the pollution is from. c. To make harmful gases disappear.    d. To predict how the pollution will spread. A．a, b B．a, c C．b, d D．c, d 2．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By giving suggestions. 3．What is the scientists’ next plan? A．Stop using AI in cities. B．Use fewer sensors to cover fewer areas. C．Cut down the cost of AI. D．Make the AI better and use it in more cities. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Sports. B．Science. C．People. D．Travel. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Air Pollution in Cities B．Harmful Gases and Particles C．AI Helps Fight Air Pollution D．How to Use Public Transport 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了AI技术在治理空气污染中的应用，包括数据收集、问题解决、效果以及科学家的后续计划。 1．第二段“Then, the AI system analyzes the data to find out where the pollution is from and predict how it will spread.”，AI分析数据的目的是“找出污染源（b）”和“预测污染扩散方式（d）”。 2．第三段“For example, if AI finds a factory giving off too many harmful gases, it warns the factory. ... It also helps plan traffic, suggesting route changes...”，作者通过举例说明AI如何解决问题，写作手法为“giving examples”。 3．第五段“The scientists’ next plan is to make the AI system more correct and use it in more cities, including small towns. They also want to add more sensors to cover more areas.”，说明科学家的下一步计划是优化AI系统并推广到更多城市。 4．文章介绍了AI在环保领域的技术应用，属于科技类内容，最可能出现在报纸的“Science（科学）”板块。 5．全文围绕AI如何帮助对抗空气污染展开，核心主题是“AI Helps Fight Air Pollution”。 Passage 3 （2026·云南大理·二模）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 16.626 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 16.49 million were sold in 2025. Among the total sales, 2.615 million EVs were sold to foreign countries. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs. It is one effort for green, high-quality (品质) development. As a result, China’s EV industry is developing very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show. Today, Chinese EVs are becoming smarter—many now use AI technology to help with driving and save energy. China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. To become better, EV makers are working hard on new technologies like better batteries (电池) and AI support. The government is also taking action—it plans to double the number of charging stations (充电站) by 2027, which will make it easier to charge everywhere, even in villages. At the same time, more Chinese people care about the environment, which encourages more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. After all, green transport is environmentally friendly. With strong government support and the makers’ efforts, China will probably hold the lead in the future. 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were produced in 2025? A．2.615 million. B．16.49 million. C．16.626 million. D．16.266 million. 2．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 2? A．By giving reasons.B．By listing numbers.C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．AI technology is used in EVs to help with driving. B．The batteries of EVs are already good enough. C．It will be impossible to have charging stations in villages. D．EVs are not good choices for buyers because they are harmful to the Earth. 4．What’s the writer’s opinion towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Afraid. B．Sad. C．Doubtful. D．Hopeful. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of Auto China B．Challenges of Making Batteries C．China’s Bright Future in EVs D．How to Drive an Electric Car 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国电车产业的发展情况，包括产量、销售情况、政府支持、面临的挑战和机遇以及未来展望等内容。 【详解】1．第一段明确指出：“16.626 million Chinese-made EVs were produced”，说明2025年中国生产了1662.6万辆电动汽车。 2．第二段作者通过对比2004年和2024年北京车展参展电动汽车的相关数据（2004年仅比亚迪1家参展，2024年有278款不同车型参展），使用列举数字的方法支撑段落观点。 3．第二段明确指出：“many now use AI technology to help with driving and save energy”，说明AI技术被用于电动汽车辅助驾驶。 4．最后一段作者指出“EVs are the way of the future”、“China will probably hold the lead in the future”，说明作者对中国电动汽车产业的未来持乐观态度。 5．文章主要围绕中国电车产业的发展，包括现状、挑战、机遇以及未来展望等，说明中国在电车领域有着光明的未来，“China’s Bright Future in EVs”能很好地概括文章主旨，最适合作为本文标题。 主题02 中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）Do you know what wamao is? It’s a traditional clay cat, which usually has a round face, big eyes, sharp teeth and a wide-open mouth. It may look a little scary at first. In Yunnan, these clay cats are small heroes. They were once placed on rooftops of old houses to protect homes. People believed they could drive away bad luck and bring peace. In 2023, wamao became Yunnan’s provincial intangible cultural heritage (省级非物质文化遗产). Zhang Hang, 32, is an inheritor (传承人) of the Kunming wamao-making skills. He makes these lovely clay cats in his museum, which opened in 2019, in Kunming. He has made wamao popular through exhibitions (展览), workshops (工作坊) and tours. Zhang first saw wamao in 2012. “I was attracted by its special and lively look,” he said. After that, looking for old wamao became part of his daily life. After more than 10 years of hard work, Zhang’s museum has over 700 wamao. “It is a symbol of history, culture and people’s hope for a good life,” he said. To make a wamao, Zhang mixes clay, shapes it, dries it and then fires it. Skilled artisans can finish one in a week. But Zhang says the real challenge is mixing traditional styles with new ideas. “Sometimes it takes me a month to make a perfect wamao,” he said. “The goal is to help wamao find new meaning in modern society.” As old houses in Yunnan are disappearing, Zhang Hang hopes to keep the tradition of wamao alive and pass down its culture. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving suggestions. 2．How has Zhang Hang made wamao popular? A．Through online videos about wamao. B．Through exhibitions, workshops and tours. C．Through the intangible cultural heritage list. D．Through different kinds of wamao-making skills. 3．Which of the following can take the place of “attracted by” in paragraph 3? A．Interested in. B．Worried about. C．Proud of. D．Angry at. 4．What is the real challenge of making a wamao for Zhang Hang? A．Looking for the proper clay. B．Shaping a wamao in a week. C．Mixing traditional styles with new ideas. D．Taking a month to make a wide-open mouth of wamao. 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The importance of wamao in house-building. B．The advice on how to keep wamao-making skills alive. C．The way of making traditional wamao with modern ideas. D．The introduction of wamao and Zhang Hang’s efforts to pass down its culture. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了云南传统手工艺品瓦猫的外形、文化寓意，以及传承人张航通过博物馆、展览、工坊等方式推广瓦猫、传承这项非遗文化的故事。 【详解】1．第一段以提问“Do you know what wamao is?”引出对瓦猫的介绍，所以作者以提问的方式开始文章。 2．第二段指出“He has made wamao popular through exhibitions (展览), workshops (工作坊) and tours.”，这直接说明张航通过展览、工作坊和旅行让瓦猫变得受欢迎。 3．第三段中“I was attracted by its special and lively look”意思是“我被它特别且生动的外观所吸引”，“be attracted by”意思是“被……吸引”，与“be interested in（对……感兴趣）”意思相近，所以可以用“Interested in”替换。 4．第四段说明张航制作瓦猫面临的真正挑战是“But Zhang says the real challenge is mixing traditional styles with new ideas.”，即把传统风格与新想法相结合。 5．最后一段总结“As old houses in Yunnan are disappearing, Zhang Hang hopes to keep the tradition of wamao alive and pass down its culture.”，结合前文对瓦猫的介绍以及张航所做的事，可知本文主要介绍了瓦猫以及张航为传承其文化所做的努力。 Passage 2 （2026·广东深圳·二模）Today, food delivery (外卖) is an important part of our daily lives. But did you know it started a long time ago? Expert Hou Yinguo says dining services like today’s food delivery began during the Han Dynasty. But the term “food delivery” was first used in the Song Dynasty. At first, food delivery was a special service for important people. But later, it became popular among everyone. In the Song Dynasty, China’s food takeout business reached a golden age. There was a lot of food in Bianjing (today’s Kaifeng in Henan). People often bought ready-made meals from local shops instead of cooking. Without phones, ordering was harder than today. They had to visit a restaurant in person or send someone to make the order, then tell the restaurant when and where they needed the food, and the restaurant would bring it to them. The delivery person was called xianhan. People wanted their delivered food to be warm and tasty. They didn’t have our modern technology (技术), but they were very clever! In the Song Dynasty, they had a special dish called wenpan. It was like two plates put together with space in the middle. They would pour hot water into that space between the plates to keep the food on top warm. 1．According to the passage, when was the term “food delivery” first used? A．During the Song Dynasty. B．During the Han Dynasty. C．During the Tang Dynasty. D．In modern times. 2．How did people in the Song Dynasty make a food delivery order without phones? A．By sending a letter to the restaurant. B．By sending a xianhan to the restaurant. C．By shouting from their house to the restaurant. D．By visiting the restaurant in person. 3．What is the main purpose of the sixth paragraph? A．To explain why food delivery was only for important people. B．To compare ancient and modern food delivery technology. C．To describe the clever method people used to keep food warm during delivery. D．To introduce the different kinds of food available in the Song Dynasty. 4．Which picture correctly shows wenpan from the Song Dynasty? A．B．C． D． 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．A Brief History of Food Delivery. B．The Golden Age of Chinese Cooking. C．The Life of Delivery Workers in History. D．How Technology Changed Food Delivery. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了外卖的历史，从汉朝开始有类似今天的外卖餐饮服务，宋朝首次使用“外卖”一词，宋朝外卖业务达到鼎盛时期，还介绍了宋朝没有手机时人们如何点外卖以及保持食物温暖的巧妙方法。 1．第二段指出“But the term ‘food delivery’ was first used in the Song Dynasty.”，这直接说明“外卖”一词首次使用是在宋朝。 2．第五段说明原因“They had to visit a restaurant in person or send someone to make the order”，即宋朝没有手机时人们点外卖要么亲自去餐馆，要么派人去下单，选项D符合亲自去餐馆这一方式。 3．第六段定义“In the Song Dynasty, they had a special dish called wenpan. It was like two plates put together with space in the middle. They would pour hot water into that space between the plates to keep the food on top warm.”，说明该段主要描述了宋朝人们用来在送餐时保持食物温暖的巧妙方法。 4．第六段提到“It was like two plates put together with space in the middle. They would pour hot water into that space between the plates to keep the food on top warm.”，即温盘是两个盘子合在一起中间有空间，往中间空间倒热水来给上面食物保温，选项B符合这一描述。 5．文章整体围绕外卖的历史展开，从起源到不同时期的发展等，A选项“A Brief History of Food Delivery”（外卖简史）能很好地概括文章主旨。 主题03 科普知识 Passage 1 （2026·云南昆明·二模）In 2025, China made amazing progress in brain-computer interface (BCI, 脑机接口) technology. It is giving new hope to people with serious brain or nerve (神经) problems, like those who can’t move or speak because of illness or injury. Let’s look at how it helps different patients. For someone who can’t move their arms and legs as a result of ALS (an illness that weakens muscles) or a spinal cord injury (脊髓损伤), BCI could help them control a computer cursor (光标) or even a robotic arm just by thinking. Not long ago, a team from Nankai University did the world’s first test of a special BCI that helped a patient move again. The patient who had been unable to move his left side for six months was able to move his arm and even take medicine on his own by using the BCI. What’s more, a few months ago, a man who lost arms and legs in an electric shock accident started using a BCI. Just 2-3 weeks later, he could play chess and racing games with his mind. Another big step is helping people who can’t speak. With the help of a Chinese-language BCI system, scientists helped a patient, who had lost the ability to talk, say things like “I want a drink of water” or “I want to walk with my family” just by thinking — their brain signals (信号) were turned into words. For millions of people with brain or nerve problems, BCI could change their lives. And China is taking the lead to make it better every day. 1．Whom does BCI technology give new hope to? A．A boy who coughs a lot because of a cold. B．A girl who has a sore back because of lifting heavy things. C．A woman who has a stomachache because of eating too much. D．A man who can’t move or speak because of serious brain or nerve problems. 2．How does BCI help patients? A．It teaches patients to play racing games well. B．It trains robotic arms to help patients move and write. C．It gives better medicine to people with nerve problems. D．It helps patients to control a computer cursor by thinking. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．BCI can allow the deaf to hear again. B．BCI can help people who have trouble thinking. C．The brain signals can be changed into words with the help of BCI. D．The man who lost arms and legs couldn’t play chess until he learned about BCI. 4．What’s the structure of the text? (① = Paragraph 1. ② = Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of BCI Technology B．The Future of BCI Technology C．The Problems of BCI Technology D．The Achievements of BCI Technology 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2025年中国在脑机接口技术上取得的惊人进展，详细说明了该技术如何帮助有严重脑部或神经问题的患者（如无法行动、无法说话的人），展现了中国在该领域的领先地位。 【详解】1．文章第一段明确提到：It is giving new hope to people with serious brain or nerve problems, like those who can't move or speak because of illness or injury.可知，它给有严重脑部或神经问题的人带来了新希望，比如那些因疾病或受伤而无法行动、无法说话的人。 2．文章第二段提到：For someone who can't move their arms and legs... BCI could help them control a computer cursor or even a robotic arm just by thinking.可知，对于无法活动四肢的人，BCI可以帮助他们仅通过思考控制计算机光标甚至机械臂。 3．第三段明确提到：their brain signals were turned into words可知，在BCI的帮助下，脑信号可以转化为文字。 4．文章结构分析：①段：总起，介绍中国BCI技术的进展和作用；②段：具体说明BCI如何帮助无法行动的患者；③段：具体说明BCI如何帮助无法说话的患者 ④段：总结，BCI的意义和中国的领先地位；整体为总—分—总结构，对应选项A的结构（①总起，②③分述，④总结）。 5．全文围绕“2025 年中国BCI技术取得的惊人进展/成就”展开，核心是BCI技术的成果。 Passage 2 （2026·福建福州·二模） Do you believe you see the world exactly as it is? Studies of visual illusions (tricks of the eye) show that what we see is actually not as simple as it looks. Our brain is not a camera. It does not just record what we see. Instead, the brain uses its own experience to guess what is happening in the world. One famous study, led by Ivan Kroupin, tested people with the Coffer illusion. Researchers found that people in Western countries, like the UK and the US, usually saw rectangles, while people living in small villages in Namibia often saw circles. To explain this, scientists created the “carpentered world” hypothesis (人工建筑环境假说). It says that people in modern cities are used to straight lines and right angles (直角) because of the buildings around them. Their environments are “carpentered”, so their brains are trained to see those shapes. Villagers in Namibia live in places with fewer sharp angles, such as round huts (小屋), so they see circles more easily. However, another study used the Müller-Lyer illusion to challenge this idea. In this illusion, one line has arrowheads pointing inward, while the other line of equal (同等的) length has arrowheads pointing outward. This makes the two lines appear different in length. The study found that this effect was not caused by the cultural environment. In fact, animals like fish also experience this trick. Even today, we are still learning why these differences happen. It’s likely that the world we see is not exactly the same as reality. Paying attention to these differences can help us avoid misunderstandings and know each other better. 1．How does the writer start the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By describing an experience. C．By asking a question. D．By explaining the cause. 2．What did researchers find in the study led by Ivan Kroupin? A．People from the UK and the US usually saw many circles. B．People from small villages in Namibia often saw right angles. C．Living environment might shape how people see things. D．Living environment might change our feelings. 3．Which group of lines shows the Müller-Lyer illusion? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the writer mention the fish in Paragraph 4? A．To make sure whether they are able to swim straight or not. B．To challenge the Müller-Lyer illusion. C．To use them as arrowheads at both ends. D．To show the cultural environment doesn’t cause the illusion. 5．Which saying best matches the text? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Every coin has two sides. C．One tree can’t make a forest. D．Seeing is not always believing. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍视觉错觉相关研究，说明我们眼中看到的世界并不完全等同于现实，生活环境、文化等会影响人的视觉感知，也有部分视觉错觉和文化环境无关。 1．第一段开头写道：“Do you believe you see the world exactly as it is?”，作者通过提出这个问题的方式来引出本文关于视觉错觉的话题。 2．第二段“Researchers found that people in Western countries, like the UK and the US, usually saw rectangles, while people living in small villages in Namibia often saw circles.”提到Ivan Kroupin的研究发现，西方国家的人（生活在多直角建筑环境中）通常看到矩形，而纳米比亚村庄的人（生活在圆形茅屋环境中）通常看到圆形。这说明居住环境（Environment）可能会塑造（Shape）人们的视觉感知方式。 3．根据第四段对Müller-Lyer错觉的描述：“one line has arrowheads pointing inward, while the other line of equal length has arrowheads pointing outward”（一条线的箭头向内，另一条等长的线箭头向外），这与选项A中的图形特征相符。 4．第四段指出，Müller-Lyer错觉的效果并非由文化环境引起。作者随后提到“In fact, animals like fish also experience this trick.”，鱼没有人类的文化环境，却同样受该错觉影响，这证明了该错觉的成因并非文化环境。因此，提到鱼是为了支持这一观点：文化环境不是造成该错觉的原因。 5．文章开头提出“我们看到的并不像看起来那么简单”，结尾总结“我们看到的世界并不完全等同于现实”，整篇文章都在讲述视觉欺骗和大脑的误判。选项D“Seeing is not always believing”（眼见不一定为实）最能概括文章的主旨。 Passage 3 （2026·福建泉州·二模）Sending information from 40,000 kilometers above Earth might sound like the thing of science fiction, but Chinese scientists have turned it into reality. They have successfully kept a high-speed laser (激光) connection with a satellite in high orbit (轨道) for more than three hours. High-orbit satellites are typically 36,000 kilometers above Earth, while low-Earth orbit satellites go from a few hundred kilometers to 2,000 kilometers. Because of their higher altitude (海拔), high-orbit satellites can cover larger areas. However, the high altitude can bring problems. The communication between these satellites and the ground can last only minutes. Also, while information travels quickly from satellites, signals from Earth are much slower. “It’s like sending 10 messages from the satellites and getting only one reply from the earth,” Liu Chao, a researcher said, “It’s hard to have a high-quality conversation that way.” To solve these problems, the research team developed a laser communication ground station with a 1.8-meter-wide optical telescope (光学望远镜) in Lijiang, Yunnan province. Acting like a sharp eye, the station can receive weak signals from over 40,000 kilometers away. Besides, scientists used a guiding laser to help the satellite and ground station quickly find each other. They also used advanced technology to keep the “conversation” stable (稳定的). The efforts have resulted in a breakthrough. At distances of up to 40,740 kilometers, the ground station and a high-orbit satellite achieved two-way communication in just 4 seconds. The connection, which was as fast as 1 gigabit (千兆比特) per second, lasted over 3 hours without a break. This means that high-orbit satellites can not only send information quickly but also receive detailed instructions in real time. The experiment proved the deep-space communication abilities of ground stations. “With this technology, we Chinese will be able to communicate with deep space probes on the moon, Mars and other locations directly from Earth,” Liu said. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．Sending information from space remains a dream. B．High-speed laser connection lasted over three hours. C．Science fiction writers often work with scientists. D．Low-orbit satellites are better than high-orbit ones. 2．Which picture shows the problem in paragraph 2? A． B． C． D． 3．How did the scientists improve the connection in paragraph 3? ① By receiving more signals from space. ② By helping the two sides find each other. ③ By developing a longer optical telescope. ④ By keeping the “conversation” more stable. A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③ 4．Why are some numbers listed in paragraph 4? A．To show how great the achievement is. B．To discuss why the connection is difficult. C．To introduce how fast the breakthrough is. D．To explain why the scientists develop the laser. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Laser Travels Faster in Space B．High Orbit Satellites Shine Bright C．Laser Station: China Builds a Home D．40,000 km Laser Chat: China Makes it 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国科学家成功实现与高轨道卫星的高速激光通信，解决了通信时间短、地面信号慢等问题，并展示了其重要意义。 1．第一段指出：“They have successfully kept a high-speed laser connection with a satellite in high orbit for more than three hours.”，说明高速激光连接持续了三个多小时。 2．第二段指出通信问题：“while information travels quickly from satellites, signals from Earth are much slower. ‘It’s like sending 10 messages from the satellites and getting only one reply from the earth’”，图片B显示卫星向下箭头信息量大，地球向上箭头信息量少，符合描述。 3．第三段指出科学家改进通信的具体方法：①“developed a laser communication ground station”开发激光通信地面站，增强了接收弱信号的能力；②“used a guiding laser to help the satellite and ground station quickly find each other”使用引导激光帮助双方快速找到对方；④“used advanced technology to keep the ‘conversation’ stable”使用先进技术保持通信稳定。文中未提及“开发更长的光学望远镜”，因此①②④正确。 4．第四段列出数字：“distances of up to 40,740 kilometers...two-way communication in just 4 seconds...as fast as 1 gigabit per second...lasted over 3 hours”，目的是展示这一成就有多伟大。 5．全文围绕中国实现与高轨道卫星的高速激光通信这一突破展开，因此“4万公里激光聊天：中国做到了”是最佳标题。 Passage 4 （2026·广东深圳·二模）Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. For many of us, the total requirements of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Digital technologies make us stay connected all the time, which also extends (延长) our working hours and makes it difficult to switch off from the needs of friends and family. Richard O. Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, examined a piece of research. The research compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in city and natural environments. It showed that people felt time was expanded when they were in nature. For example, a walk in the countryside feels longer than the same walk in the city. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world—it also helps us think about the future. Spending time outdoors makes us feel better at setting long-term goals. We stop focusing only on daily stress and start seeing the bigger picture. If spending time in nature isn’t possible for you, there are other ways that you can control your time. Try keeping a time diary to see where your hours go. Also, set some rules for using time—like booking in time in your calendar to take a break. Taking control of your time can help you stop feeling that it’s running away from you. 1．Why do people often feel they don’t have enough time according to the passage? A．Because they always spend too much time walking in the countryside. B．Because digital technologies make them work longer and be connected. C．Because they don’t know how to plan their daily tasks in a proper way. D．Because they aren’t good at using tools to help them work more quickly. 2．What does the underlined word “expanded” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Important. B．Wasted. C．Longer. D．Valuable. 3．How did Correia carry out the research? A．By asking people to test their walking speed both in city and nature. B．By interviewing people about their daily use of digital technologies. C．By examining how fast people complete tasks in natural environment. D．By comparing time feelings of doing tasks in city and natural settings. 4．What did the research find? A．Walking in the city is more beneficial for setting goals. B．People feel more stressed when walking in the countryside. C．People in city areas never focus on the bigger picture of their lives. D．Being in nature makes time feel longer and helps with long-term goals. 5．According to the passage, if Lily has no time to be in nature, what can she do to control her time? A．Stay connected with friends online all the time. B．Keep a time diary and set rules for using time. C．Move to the countryside immediately. D．Start to think more about future plans. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文探讨了现代社会人们“时间不够用”的感受，解释了数字技术带来的影响，并介绍了自然环境对人们时间感知和长期目标设定的积极作用，最后给出了无法亲近自然时管理时间的方法。 【详解】1．第二段提到“Digital technologies make us stay connected all the time, which also extends our working hours...”，明确指出数字技术让人们时刻保持连接，延长了工作时间，导致人们觉得时间不够用。 2．第三段划线词后的举例“a walk in the countryside feels longer than the same walk in the city.”，说明自然中人们感觉时间变长了，因此“expanded”意为“更长的”。 3．第三段“The research compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in city and natural environments.”，指出研究的方式是对比人们在城市和自然两种环境中完成不同任务时，对时间的感受。 4．第三段提到“people felt time was expanded when they were in nature”，第四段提到“Spending time outdoors makes us feel better at setting long-term goals”，介绍了自然环境不仅让人们感觉时间变长，还能帮助人们更好地设定长期目标。 5．最后一段“If spending time in nature isn't possible for you... Try keeping a time diary... Also, set some rules for using time...”，明确说明如果无法接触自然，可以通过记时间日记和设定时间规则来控制时间。 Passage 5 （2026·山东济南·二模）Have you noticed that things are funnier when you’re with friends or family? Scientists say laughter is closely connected to being around other people. In fact, we are about 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are alone. A recent study found that laughter is contagious, which makes it hard to control. Researchers in Germany did an experiment: volunteers listened to jokes, and scientists checked their face muscles (肌肉) for tiny movements. The volunteers tried to stop laughing by thinking about something else, keeping a straight face, or telling themselves the joke wasn’t funny. Some tricks worked a little, but there was a problem. When the volunteers heard someone else laughing, it became much harder to stay serious. The sound of laughter tells the brain, “This is funny! Join in!” “Our study shows that laughter is not just a choice when something is funny,” says Dr. Schacht, one of the researchers. “It is also a fast, automatic reaction (自动反应) shaped by the people around us.” Besides the social influence, laughter also changes our bodies in ways that make it hard to stop. It makes the brain produce happy things, like endorphins (内啡肽). These things stop pain, make us feel good, help us deal with stress, protect our heart, and control our wish to eat. Because they feel so good, our brain doesn’t want to stop laughing once it starts. That’s fun at a party, but it can be embarrassing when you need to be quiet, like reading in front of the class. “Uncontrollable laughter comes from many things: your feelings, your brain’s reward system (奖励系统), your muscles, and the people around you,” Dr. Schacht says. “It’s not controlled by just only one thing in the brain.” 1．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．能被控制的 B．有传染性的 C．有害的 D．常见的 2．Why is laughter hard to control according to the German study? A．Laughter is a contagious social reaction. B．Face muscles move too quickly to control. C．The brain refuses to follow people’s orders. D．People cannot stop thinking about funny jokes. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Laughter. B．The volunteers. C．Endorphins. D．Stress. 4．When might uncontrollable laughter be embarrassing? A．At a party with friends. B．When watching a funny movie. C．While talking with family. D．In a quiet place like a classroom. 5．What is Dr. Schacht’s opinion about uncontrollable laughter? A．It is caused by only one thing in the brain. B．It comes from many things working together. C．It only happens when people hear others laugh. D．It can be easily controlled by thinking of serious things. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了笑声的传染性及其难以控制的原因。德国研究发现，笑声不仅是一种选择，也是一种受周围人影响的快速自动反应。笑声能让大脑产生内啡肽，带来愉悦感，使大脑不愿停止。这种无法控制的笑声在需要安静的场合可能会令人尴尬。 【详解】1．第二段中提到“laughter is contagious, which makes it hard to control”，后面实验说明听到别人笑时更难保持严肃，所以“contagious”意为“有传染性的”，选项B正确。 2．第二段实验中，志愿者试图控制自己不笑，但当听到别人笑时更难保持严肃。第三段Dr. Schacht说“laughter is not just a choice... It is also a fast, automatic reaction shaped by the people around us.”，所以笑声难以控制是因为它是一种有传染性的社交反应，选项A正确。 3．第四段中“It makes the brain produce happy things, like endorphins.”，这里的“It”指代前一句的主语“laughter”，所以选项A正确。 4．第四段末尾提到“it can be embarrassing when you need to be quiet, like reading in front of the class”，所以无法控制的笑声在需要安静的场合会令人尴尬，选项D正确。 5．最后一段Dr. Schacht说“Uncontrollable laughter comes from many things: your feelings, your brain‘s reward system, your muscles, and the people around you. It’s not controlled by just only one thing in the brain.”，所以他认为无法控制的笑声来自多种因素共同作用，选项B正确。 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （2026·云南临沧·二模）Yunnan Province is famous for its tea gardens and good weather all year round. In recent years, it has developed a special “tea-photovoltaic (tea-PV) complementary (茶光互补)” model. So far in 2026, a new key tea-PV project in Cangyuan County has been put into use—it is the Mengsheng Farm PV power station. Tea is a very important industry in Yunnan, and millions of local people make a living by planting and processing tea. To solve the problem of sharing land for both farming and energy development, people came up with an idea. They put solar panels (太阳能电池板) above tea gardens. The panels act like big umbrellas for the tea trees. They provide cool places in hot weather and protect the trees from cold air in winter. Besides, the panels can reduce the growth of grass and the use of harmful chemicals for killing grass. The tea-PV model greatly improves tea quality and even allows farmers to get more tea, increasing the output by about 10%. The Mengsheng Farm PV power station is a perfect example of this model. It uses a special way to fit the mountains. The solar panels are raised high enough to leave enough space for farmers to work in the tea gardens below. The project brings many benefits to local people: it makes plenty of clean electricity, cuts down carbon dioxide emissions (二氧化碳排放) to protect the environment, and provides new jobs for locals. It also offers free skills training to help villagers learn how to look after PV machines and plant tea. The success of this model in Yunnan shows us how clean energy and traditional tea planting can work together well. It not only protects the beautiful environment of Yunnan but also helps village areas develop better and faster. It sets a good example for other places around the world that have similar land and climate conditions. 1．What main problem does the tea-PV model aim to solve? A．The bad weather that hurts tea trees. B．The lack of land for farming and energy. C．The high cost of buying solar panels. D．The trouble of removing grass in tea gardens. 2．What does the underlined word “output” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Production. B．Price. C．Area. D．Height. 3．What’s the writer’s possible opinion about this special model? A．It’s helpful. B．It’s worrying. C．It’s terrible. D．It’s unknown. 4．What does the success of the model show us? A．Solar power costs little. B．Big projects are always difficult. C．Green development is a win-win choice. D．Planting tea is a good way of development. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Solar Panels B．Clean Energy C．The Tea-PV Model D．The Mengsheng Farm 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了云南创新的“茶光互补”（tea-PV）模式，该模式将太阳能发电与茶叶种植结合，解决了农业与能源发展的土地共享问题，并实现了生态与经济的双赢。 1．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“To solve the problem of sharing land for both farming and energy development, people came up with an idea.”，说明茶光互补模式旨在解决农业和能源发展缺乏共用土地的问题。 2．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“The tea-PV model greatly improves tea quality and even allows farmers to get more tea, increasing the output by about 10%.”，“get more tea”对应产量提升，因此“output”表示“产量（Production）”。 3．全文可得出结论，作者介绍了该模式在提升茶叶产量、提供清洁能源、创造就业、保护环境等多方面的益处，并在最后一段称其“sets a good example”，说明作者认为该模式是有帮助的。 4．第四段可得出结论，原文提到“It not only protects the beautiful environment of Yunnan but also helps village areas develop better and faster.”，说明该模式的成功证明了绿色发展是一种双赢选择，既保护了环境，又促进了经济发展。 5．全文可得出结论，文章围绕“tea-PV complementary model”展开，介绍了其诞生背景、运作方式、优势及意义，因此最佳标题是“The Tea-PV Model”。 Passage 2 （2026·云南楚雄·二模）Emojis (表情符号) are a fun way to express ourselves while sending messages. But did you know that the same emoji can mean very different things in different cultures? This can cause misunderstandings or even trouble if you’re not careful enough. Let’s take a closer look at some emojis and their surprising cultural meanings. Let’s start with the thumbs-up (竖大拇指) emoji. In many Western countries, people use it widely to show agreement or to praise a job well done. However, in some parts of the Middle East, West Africa and South America, people see it as rude, similar to giving someone the middle finger (手指). The OK hand sign also has many kinds of cultural meanings. In the US and Europe, it simply means “everything is fine” or “perfect”. However, people in Brazil and Türkiye think it is an impolite gesture (手势). Even more interestingly, in France, it stands for “zero” or “nothing”. Clearly, this emoji’s meaning truly changes a lot across different cultures! The folded hands emoji also carries different meanings. In Western cultures, many people take it as a high-five—a gesture of celebration. But in most Asian cultures, it is a way to express thanks or greet others. The crossed fingers emoji can also get you into trouble. In the UK, the US and Canada, crossing fingers is a common way to wish someone good luck. However, in Vietnam, you’d better think twice before using the gesture, as it has an unexpected negative meaning there. Understanding these cultural differences can help avoid misunderstandings when communicating across cultures. 1．In which part of the world do people think the thumbs-up is rude? A．Asia. B．The Middle East. C．North America. D．Australia. 2．Which of the following has the most meanings according to the article? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn about the folded hands emoji? A．Western people use it to show anger. B．Many Asian people use it to say hi. C．It has the same meaning in all cultures. D．It is impolite in most European countries. 4．What should people avoid doing when meeting someone from Vietnam? A．Using folded hands to say thanks. B．Giving the thumbs-up to praise them. C．Crossing fingers for good luck. D．Making the OK sign for perfection. 5．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To encourage people to use emojis widely. B．To suggest some new ways to use emojis. C．To introduce the development of emojis. D．To explain emojis’ different cultural meanings. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同表情符号在不同文化中含义不同。 【详解】1．根据第二段“However, in some parts of the Middle East, West Africa and South America, people see it as rude, similar to giving someone the middle finger (手指).”可知，在中东、西非和南美洲的一些地区，人们认为竖大拇指很粗鲁。 2．第二段列出了竖大拇指的两种含义（赞同/粗鲁）；第三段列出了OK手势的三种含义（没问题/不礼貌/零）；第四段列出了双手合十的两种含义（庆祝/感谢问候）；第五段列出了交叉手指的两种含义（祈求好运/负面含义），所以OK手势是其中含义最多的。 3．根据第四段“But in most Asian cultures, it is a way to express thanks or greet others.”可知，许多亚洲人用双手合十的表情符号来打招呼。 4．根据倒数第二段“However, in Vietnam, you’d better think twice before using the gesture, as it has an unexpected negative meaning there.”可知，在越南，交叉手指表情符号有负面含义，所以遇到越南人时，人们应该避免交叉手指以求好运。 5．阅读全文可知，本文解释了表情符号的不同文化含义，提醒人们在跨文化交流中注意这些差异，避免误解或冒犯。 Passage 3 （2026·福建厦门·一模）Recently, at a night market in Hangzhou, people can do more than buy snacks. They can also “search for peace of mind.” Led by Professor Hong Fang from a local university, a professional team has set up a “psychology stall (心理咨询摊位)” there. It offers free counseling (咨询) to visitors. The best part of this new idea is that it is easy for everyone to join. Many people feel scared or nervous about visiting a formal counseling center. But at this night market, they can talk with counselors while making handicrafts (手工艺品) such as painting masks. They can now ask for help in a relaxing and familiar environment. A psychological counselor says this method is very helpful. It helps counselors and people build trust faster. The simple act of creating something helps people relax and express their feelings, and professional counselors can guide conversations towards a deeper understanding. Similar efforts have also appeared in other cities. A counseling service event was held in Chongming, Shanghai, on October 9, 2025. The event mixed games with counseling to bring mental (精神的) health services closer to everyday life. A researcher thinks providing psychological services is a creative and meaningful try. This not only connects psychology with folk traditions, but also helps more people feel comfortable opening up and talking about their worries. This new model mixes professional care with daily life. It makes mental support easy to get and encourages people to care about their feelings. This is a warm and practical way to build a healthier society. 1．What can people do at the “psychology stall” at the night market? ①Make delicious snacks.    ②Make handcrafts.    ③Get free counseling.    ④Play interesting games. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④ 2．Why do people prefer the “psychology stall” to a formal counseling center? A．Because they can learn how to make handcrafts there. B．Because they feel relaxed and less nervous there. C．Because it is open at night and near their homes. D．Because the counselors are more professional there. 3．How does the writer develop Paragraph 4? A．By giving an example.B．By listing numbers.C．By asking a question. D．By using a saying. 4．Which of the following would the researcher most probably agree with according to Paragraph 5? A．More professional training is needed for the counselors. B．The stall’s main value is to let people enjoy folk traditions. C．The success of the stall comes from the popularity of night markets. D．Mixing psychological services with folk traditions helps people open up. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Counselors Bring Help to Night Markets B．Handcrafts Help People Relax Their Minds C．Free Counseling Comes to the Night Market D．Night Markets Build a Healthier Society 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了杭州夜市出现的“心理咨询摊位”，它结合手工制作提供免费心理咨询，以轻松的环境降低人们的心理求助门槛，同时也提及了其他城市的类似尝试，展现了心理服务与民俗结合的创新模式。 【详解】1．第2段提到“It offers free counseling to visitors.”以及“they can talk with counselors while making handcrafts such as painting masks.”可知，人们可以在摊位做手工、获得免费咨询，对应②③。 2．第2段提到根据“Many people feel scared or nervous about visiting a formal counseling center. But now at this night market, they can talk with counselors while making handicrafts…in a relaxing and familiar environment.”可知，因此人们更喜欢这个摊位是因为在这里感到放松、不紧张。 3．第4段以崇明(上海)的心理咨询活动为例展开说明，因此作者是通过举例子来发展该段落的。 4．第5段提到“providing psychological services in a creative and meaningful try. This not only connects psychology with folk traditions, but also helps more people feel comfortable opening up and talking about their worries.”，说明研究者认同将心理服务与民俗结合能帮助人们敞开心扉。 5．全文围绕夜市中的免费心理咨询摊位展开，核心是免费咨询走进夜市，因此最佳标题为“Free Counseling Comes to the Night Market”。 Passage 4 （2026·山东济南·二模）Dandelions are very common plants. You can easily find them in fields, parks, and even by the roadside. Although many people think of them as weeds (杂草), dandelions are actually full of surprises. Let’s start with what they look like. A dandelion has several special features. Its leaves grow from the base and are long with deep cuts, looking like a lion’s teeth. That is how it got its name—from French words meaning “lion’s tooth”. Each plant grows a straight, hollow stem (空心茎) with only one flower on top. Interestingly, what looks like a single yellow flower is actually made up of many tiny petals (花瓣) packed closely together. When the flower is ripe, it turns into a white, fluffy (毛茸茸的) ball. Each seed has a tiny “umbrella” that helps it fly away in the wind. Besides its beauty, the dandelion is also famous for its strong ability to survive (生存). Dandelions can grow almost anywhere—in grass, on hills, or even through cracks in the pavement. They don’t need much care. A single dandelion can produce over 100 seeds, and the wind can carry them far away. This is why they spread so quickly and appear almost everywhere in spring. What is more, dandelions are not just pretty—they are useful too. In traditional Chinese medicine, dandelion is believed to help reduce body heat and is good for the liver and eyes. Young dandelion leaves are also edible. They taste a little bitter at first, but then you can feel a slight sweetness. Its root is long and thick, similar to a thin carrot. Apart from its practical value, the dandelion also carries rich cultural meaning. In many Western countries, children love to blow dandelion seeds and make a wish. People believe that if you blow all the seeds away in one try, your wish will come true. In China, the dandelion stands for a strong will because it can survive in hard conditions and travel far with the wind. So next time you see a dandelion, do not just walk past it. Stop and take a closer look. It is not just a weed, but a gift from nature. dandelion (蒲公英) 1．How did the dandelion get its name? A．From the color of its stem. B．From the taste of its root. C．From the smell of its flower. D．From the shape of its leaves. 2．What does the underlined word “edible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Safe to eat. B．Soft and crispy. C．Hard to cook. D．Big but dry. 3．Which best summarizes the main uses of dandelions? A．They can be used to make medicine. B．They are just beautiful flowers to look at. C．They have medical value and can be used as food. D．They are used to make wishes and symbolize a strong will. 4．What is the structure of this text? A．Time order. B．General-to-specific order. C．Cause and effect. D．Comparison and contrast. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Tiny Wonder in Spring B．The Secret of the Weeds C．The Superpower of Dandelions D．A Discovery in the Plant World 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了蒲公英的外形特征、生存能力、实用价值与文化意义，介绍了它不只是杂草，更是大自然的馈赠。 【详解】1．第二段指出外形特征：“Its leaves grow from the base and are long with deep cuts, looking like a lion’s teeth. That is how it got its name—from French words meaning ‘lion’s tooth’.”，这直接说明蒲公英的名字来源于它叶子的形状。 2．第四段说明食用价值：“Young dandelion leaves are also edible. They taste a little bitter at first, but then you can feel a slight sweetness”，并以嫩叶可食用为例，因此“edible”的含义是安全可食用的。 3．第四段说明实用价值：“In traditional Chinese medicine, dandelion is believed to help reduce body heat and is good for the liver and eyes. Young dandelion leaves are also edible”，说明蒲公英兼具药用价值与食用价值。 4．文章采用总-分结构：开头总述蒲公英充满惊喜，随后分别介绍其外形、生存能力、实用价值与文化意义，因此采用的是General-to-specific order.（总-分顺序）。 5．全文围绕蒲公英的外形、生存能力、实用价值与文化意义展开，突出它并非普通杂草，而是充满魅力的自然馈赠，因此适合的标题是《The Superpower of Dandelions》。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $