专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广州专用）（精选中考模拟热点话题）-2026年中考英语热点话题题型专练

**基本信息** 聚焦广州中考说明文阅读，精选15篇热点话题文本，系统覆盖细节理解、推理判断等核心题型，强化信息定位与逻辑分析能力，提升语言理解与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文阅读综合训练|15篇（含科技、社会现象等热点主题）|细节理解（如事实排序）、推理判断（如观点态度）、主旨大意、词义猜测|说明文结构（总分/分总）与信息定位技巧的对应，逻辑推理与文本深层含义的关联，语言能力与跨文化意识的融合|

专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广州专用） （精选中考模拟热点话题） The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala became a big stage for China’s fast-growing robot industry. Four top technology companies—Unitree, Magic Lab, Galaxy General Robotics and Songyan Power—showed many amazing and modern robots. These smart machines soon became one of the most popular topics of the year. These robots did not just appear anywhere. Instead, they played special and important roles in different shows. In the performance Wu Bot, Unitree robots acted together with young martial artists. They performed perfect stick and nunchaku (双节棍) movements, showing great balance, speed and top-level control. In the short play Grandma’s Favorite, actress Cai Ming worked with a very human-like robot from Songyan Power. Their show was warm and funny, and it proved that technology can help people in daily life. At the same time, in the short film with Shen Teng and Ma Li, a robot from Galaxy General Robotics took part in gentle and natural activities, making high-tech feel close and easy to understand. The influence of the gala went far beyond the stage itself. According to official news reports, online searches and sales orders for robots rose sharply only a few hours after the show. Many types of robots sold out in minutes, because people’s great interest quickly became real market needs. As major media pointed out, this strong interest shows an important change: robots are moving from being just something to watch into something people really need. They are no longer just for fun. They are entering homes, care services and factories, with more and more practical uses. Although some people worry that machines might take the place of human warmth, the gala makes it clear that technology and human feelings can work well together. The 2026 gala is more than just a wonderful visual show. It shows China’s growing power in smart production and artificial intelligence. As robots become a part of everyday life, they will not only bring greater convenience but also spread Chinese culture in a new way. They will connect tradition and new ideas to build a smarter future. 1．What can we learn about the robot performances from paragraph 2? A．Robots performed independently without human partners. B．The shows helped make advanced technology easier for the public to accept. C．Online searches and sales orders for robots rose sharply a few hours after the show. D．Martial arts shows were the most successful among all programs. 2．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The writer feels hopeful about the future of robot technology. B．Robots will connect tradition and new ideas by performing on stage with humans. C．The gala is just a visual show with no deep meaning. D．Robots spread different cultures to China in a new way. 3．According to the passage, which of the following is the correct order? a. Many types of robots sold out in minutes. b. Major media pointed out that robots are becoming a real need. c. Robots performed in different shows. d. Four technology companies showed their robots at the gala. e. Online searches for robots rose sharply. A．c → d → a → e → b B．d → e → c → a → b C．c → e → d → a → b D．d → c → e → a → b 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the wonderful performances of robots in the 2026 Spring Festival Gala. B．To explain how robots are made and controlled. C．To show the growing influence and practical use of robots in China. D．To discuss whether robots will replace humans in the future. “Love You, Old Self” — this simple sentence has become a warm saying and a popular phrase among young people in China. When they post photos of home-cooked food or morning coffee with these words, they turn small daily things into a shared way of being kind to themselves. People say it is one of the kindest trends, and it touches many people deeply. It is more than just a saying. It makes the unclear idea of taking care of oneself become real. It gives comfort when people feel stressed and celebrates small happy moments. The key is to call oneself “Old Self”— a friendly name that lets people step back and talk to themselves kindly, just as they would to a close friend. This trend is popular for a reason. Today’s young people face a lot of pressure, such as non-stop exams and strong competition for university places and jobs. For example, a high school student in Beijing writes “Love You, Old Self” in her notebook to calm down after a hard exam. In such situations, being gentle and kind to oneself has become an important way to deal with pressure. Importantly, this is not an excuse to avoid difficulties. Instead, it helps people build more courage to get through hard times. To say “Love You, Old Self” means to recognize one’s own efforts, to allow oneself to rest when needed, and thus find a healthy balance. It is a cheap but useful way to keep emotions stable. It also changes where strength comes from — from others’ praise to believing in oneself. In the end, by being kind to themselves, young people are better able to deal with outside pressure. This gentle and steady power helps them find inner peace and shows a true fact: to really care for others, you must first be kind to yourself. 1．According to the passage, how does “Love You, Old Self” help young people? A．It helps them make more close friends. B．It helps them win more competitions. C．It helps them get into a good university. D．It helps them deal with pressure and find balance. 2．Which of the following is NOT a reason why the trend is popular? A．Young people face a lot of pressure. B．It helps young people find inner peace. C．It is a way to avoid difficulties. D．It gives young people a way to care for themselves. 3．Which of the following sentences is right? A．The trend of “Love You, Old Self” makes the idea of self-care become real. B．The phrase makes young people become too lazy to face hard times. C．The phrase “Love You, Old Self” can help them make more new friends. D．The phrase shows they are old enough to take care of themselves. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to take good care of oneself. B．The importance of being kind to oneself. C．The pressure that Chinese young people face. D．The popularity and benefits of the phrase “Love You, Old Self”. Imagine you are taking a long trip to space with your pet. How do you both stay healthy in tough conditions such as microgravity (微重力)? On Oct 31, 2025, China sent four mice into space on Shenzhou XXI. This was the first time that China had sent mice into space for research. Earlier, China had sent other small animals like zebrafish (斑马鱼) and fruit flies. After the mice returned with the Shenzhou XXI spaceship, preliminary observations (初步观察) showed that the mice adapted well to the microgravity environment. Scientists would do more studies to learn how space changed the mice’s bodies. This would help them know more about space’s influence on living things. Mice are perfect for space research because they share genetic (基因的) similarities with humans. And they are small, so they need little room on the spaceship. What is more, they grow quickly and live only about two years. For example, six months in space for a mouse is like more than ten years for a human. This allows scientists to learn about long-term space effects on humans in just months, rather than years. Internationally, sending animals to space began in the late 1940s. At first, scientists wanted to see if life could survive in space. Today, studies break new ground — their focus is not just on survival, but also on illnesses on Earth. For example, they have found a way to slow bone (骨头) loss and help new bones grow. This useful discovery not only helps astronauts stay healthy in space, but also gives hope to people with bone problems on Earth. Also, if people live on other planets one day, we can’t live without animals. Besides being friends, animals help keep nature in order. To make this possible, scientists will carry out more space animal studies in the coming years, trying to solve more problems and make space travel safer for all living things. 1．When did China send four mice into space? A．In the late 1940s. B．On Oct 31, 2025. C．On Nov 14, 2025. D．We don’t know. 2．Why are mice perfect for space research? ①They share genetic similarities with humans. ②They are small and need little room. ③They grow quickly and live a short life. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 3．What does the underlined phrase “break new ground” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Avoid mistakes in research. B．Make new discoveries. C．Share ideas with other groups. D．Use old ways to solve problems. 4．What will probably be talked about next? A．Plans for future space animal research. B．Results of past space animal research. C．Methods to feed animals in space. D．Research on plants instead of animals. In 2025, a team of scientists from China developed a new environmental tech called “Solar-Powered Algae (藻类) Mats” (SPA Mats), which has become a great achievement in cleaning polluted water. Unlike traditional water treatment (处理) methods that cost much and use lots of energy, SPA Mats use solar power to grow special algae that eat harmful things in rivers, lakes and even oceans. This technology has been tested in three Chinese cities since early 2026 and shown amazing results. Each SPA Mat is a thin, flexible sheet that can be spread on water surfaces easily. It is covered with tiny solar panels that provide energy for the algae to grow fast. Every 1 m2 of SPA Mats can clean 120 liters of polluted water per day, and it can work for up to 18 months without being replaced. The team first tested 50 SPA Mats in a small polluted river in Hangzhou. After two months, the water quality improved greatly. Encouraged by this, they added 150 more mats in the same area. In total, these mats reduced harmful chemicals in the river by 65% and made the water clear enough for small fish to return. Local people also noticed that the bad smell from the river was gone, and more birds began to stay nearby. However, the technology still has room for improvement. The SPA Mats work best in areas with plenty of sunlight, but they don’t work as well on cloudy days or in dark water. Also, making the mats requires special materials that are not cheap yet. Scientists are now working to optimize the technology, hoping to make the mats affordable and suitable for different weather conditions. The team behind SPA Mats hopes to bring this technology to more countries by 2027, for it shows environmental protection and scientific development can go hand in hand. Such green tech can surely grow fast in the future, solve more water pollution problems around the world and let more people see the great power of science and nature working together. 1．Why does the writer talk about the test in Hangzhou in Paragraph 2? A．To explain how to use the SPA Mats in rivers. B．To show where the SPA Mats were first made. C．To tell how well the SPA Mats work in real life. D．To compare the SPA Mats with other water cleaners. 2．Why don’t the SPA Mats work as well in some environments? A．They need plenty of sunlight to work well. B．They need to be replaced after a short time. C．They need much water to keep the algae alive. D．They can only be used in small rivers in China. 3．What does the underlined word “optimize” mean in paragraph 3? A．To look for something. B．To stop using something. C．To make something better. D．To change something totally. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Scientists will soon work out all the problems of SPA Mats. B．Traditional water treatment methods are no longer popular now. C．SPA Mats have been widely used in many countries around the world. D．Green tech will play a more important part in environmental protection. Last month, calls were made to raise the taxes for sugary drinks. This shows growing worry over the amount of sugar that kids are taking in through cola, juices and other beverages (饮料), a new study has found that one in five children did not drink any water on a given day and that those kids took in more calories from sweetened beverages than kids who did drink water. The study surveyed 8,400 children across the country between the ages of 2 and 19. Researchers found that around 20 percent of children were reported drinking no water throughout the day. And they took in almost twice as many calories as kids who did drink some water. Overall, the children drank 132 calories of colas and other sugary beverages per day. That number dropped to 112 calories if they drank any water. But kids who didn’t drink any water at all took in an average of 210 calories from sweetened drinks. This can cause a lot of problems. “Those calories don’t provide much nutrition (营养) and they can add up,” according to professor Asher, a scientist in public health. Sugary drinks have been linked to a number of diseases, such as childhood obesity, dental problems and high cholesterol. “I’ve seen 6-year-olds with high cholesterol and teenagers with Type 2 diabetes,” said Natalie, a doctor for children. “These are diseases we used to see in their grandparents.” “Kids should take in water every single day, and the first beverage choice for kids should be water,” according to Natalie. “Because if they’re not drinking water, they are drinking sugar-sweetened beverages that are less healthy and have more calories.” Adults should take up their responsibility to encourage kids to drink water so that they don’t take in something less healthful. And things need to be done to ensure childhood health. 1．What can we learn about children’s water drinking from the survey? A．Each of the children took in 210 calories per day. B．Most of the children drank enough water every day. C．Children who drank less water would take in more calories. D．The children who drank water took in twice as many calories. 2．How does the writer support his idea in paragraph 3? A．By showing professional views to show risks. B．By providing survey data to prove the influence of sugary drinks. C．By comparing health conditions between heavy and light sugary drinkers. D．By describing the forming process of related diseases. 3．Which is a direct result for children replacing water with sugary drinks? A．Taking in less effective nutrition. B．Gaining nutrition from extra calories. C．Developing strong immune systems. D．Reducing the risk of dental problems. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To describe the harm of sweetened beverages. B．To compare water with sweetened beverages. C．To suggest some ways to help children live a healthier life. D．To introduce the importance of water drinking among children. Have you ever put on 3D glasses and felt as if a dinosaur were jumping off the screen or butterflies were flying around you? This wonderful experience is not magic—it is science. It happens because of the special way our eyes and brain work together. Humans see in three dimensions (3D) because our two eyes view the world from slightly different positions. This means each eye receives a 2D image—like two separate photographs taken from different directions. Our brain then turns these two pictures into one clear picture with depth. This ability allows us to judge how near or far objects are. So how do 3D movies copy this natural process? Film makers use two cameras placed side by side, just like human eyes. These cameras record two pictures at the same time. When we watch the movie, both pictures appear together on the screen. Without 3D glasses, they look unclear and doubled. That is why special glasses are necessary. 3D technology uses two kinds of light: one moves side to side, and the other moves up and down. The glasses make sure each eye receives a different kind of light, and our brain turns them into a single 3D view, creating the exciting feeling of being inside the scene. Watching a 3D film is a fantastic activity that mixes art with science. Although everything on the screen is flat, through this smart trick, we are able to enjoy a world that appears wonderfully deep, lively, and real. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic at the beginning? A．By showing a scene and raising a question. B．By sharing and replying to different opinions. C．By explaining a trick of a magic show directly. D．By introducing the story of the latest 3D movie. 2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 3? A．The two pictures. B．The two cameras. C．The 3D glasses. D．The human eyes. 3．How do 3D movies create their magic according to the passage? a. The brain turns two different pictures into one. b. The glasses help each eye see only one picture. c. Two cameras film from slightly different positions. d. Both pictures are shown together on the same screen. A．d-c-a-b B．c-d-b-a C．c-b-d-a D．d-a-c-b 4．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．The History of Movies B．3D Movie Reviews C．Secrets of Movies D．Magic Stories in Movies William Shakespeare was an English poet and writer. To a certain degree, few people today talk about the works of Chaucer, Virgil, or even Homer, but if Shakespeare’s play is put on, there will definitely be a large audience. Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s excellent dramatist. His surviving works include about 38 plays, 154 sonnets (verses with 14 lines), two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other writer. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and grew up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he worked in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company. He appeared to retire and went back to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies (humorous dramas with a happy ending) and histories, and made those styles the best they could be by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies (sad dramas that make audience feel scared or pitiful) until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth. They were considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last time, he wrote tragicomedies (dramas with some funny parts but stronger sad parts) and cooperated with other writers. Shakespeare was a respected poet and writer in his own day, but his reputation (名声) did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. In the 20th century, his works were repeatedly used and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and re-explained in different cultural and political contexts all over the world. 1．How many works of Shakespeare are known today? A．More than 194. B．Less than 194. C．About 154. D．About 38. 2．In what order did the following happen in Shakespeare’s life? a. He married Anne Hathaway. b. He died in Stratford-upon-Avon. c. He wrote tragicomedies with other writers. d. He worked in London as an actor and writer. e. He wrote the great tragedies Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth. A．a-c-e-d-b B．c-a-e-d-b C．a-d-e-c-b D．a-e-d-c-b 3．Which of the following best describes Shakespeare’s works according to the passage? A．His plays have a smaller audience than Homer’s. B．His works have a lasting influence all over the world. C．His plays are performed less often than those of others. D．Hamlet is one of his best comedies in English in the world. 4．When did Shakespeare’s works become as well-known as they are today? A．When he retired. B．In the 19th century. C．When he was young. D．In the 20th century. ①If traffic noise makes you feel angry, you’re not alone. Scientists found that birds get mad too! A new study in the journal Animal Behavior shows that male Galapagos yellow warblers (黄莺) living near busy roads become very “bad-tempered (易怒的)” when they hear car sounds. This means traffic noise doesn’t just bother people, but also wildlife. ②The Galapagos Islands are a famous wildlife home in the Pacific Ocean. Many plants and animals there live nowhere else on earth, making them perfect for watching wild animals. However, the islands’ popularity has brought many more people. In the 1960s, only 2,000 people lived there. Now, about 32,000 people live there, and over 200,000 tourists visit yearly. This has led to many more cars on the roads and much more noise pollution. ③Scientists from two universities studied how traffic noise affects island animals. They watched 38 male yellow warblers. Half lived near roads, while the other half lived in quiet areas. These birds protect their homes by singing loudly to warn other birds away, and sometimes even fighting. Researchers played two recordings: one with only a male warbler’s song, and another mixing the song with traffic noise. They recorded how the birds behaved. ④They found that birds near roads became much angrier when they heard traffic noise mixed with bird song. They flew right next to the speaker and circled it repeatedly—behavior suggesting they were ready to fight. Scientists believe these birds may know traffic covers their songs. Moving closer to be heard is dangerous because cars on the roads might hit them. ⑤The research team wants people to care more about how noise pollution harms wildlife. While finding places with no human noise at all is difficult, we can still help animals. Simple ideas like using roads that reduce noise or making “quiet times” when birds raise their young could greatly help animals like the yellow warblers. 1．What does the underlined word “bother” probably mean? A．Make someone angry. B．Keep someone calm. C．Get someone’s attention. D．Make someone scared. 2．Why has the traffic noise increased on the Galapagos Islands? A．Because more people brought cars there. B．Because more scientists study birds there. C．Because the islands have special animals. D．Because warblers are attracted to traffic noise. 3．What did the scientists find about the birds living near roads? A．They liked the traffic noise and sang more happily. B．They got much angrier when they heard noisy bird songs. C．They flew away from the speaker when they heard any sound. D．They were not affected by the traffic noise and acted normally. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Big news in the plant world! Scientists have changed plants to make them even more useful at the DNA level. They take DNA from other living things, like animals or bacteria (细菌), and put it into a plant. Some scientists can even rewrite the plant’s own DNA．These kinds of plants are called GM plants, which have a better performance in solving certain problems. One problem GM plants can solve is indoor air pollution—usually caused by cooking, dust and cleaning products. As early as 1989, NASA scientists found plants could clean the air, but later studies soon showed that the effect was too weak to be really helpful. So scientists tried to change them at the DNA level. One example is the GM pothos (绿萝). In 2018, scientists from the US added DNA from a rabbit’s liver (肝脏) to it. In rabbits, this part helped break down harmful things. Thanks to the DNA, the new plant was better at cleaning the air. In 2023, scientists added DNA from bacteria. The special pothos was up to 30 times better at reducing air pollution than normal plants! ▲ In 2026, Chinese scientists successfully developed a new type of GM corn. They rewrote the corn’s own DNA to allow it to grow with less water. This GM corn, named “NAZ-4”, grew well even in dry areas. As a result, it could produce up to 47% more corn than normal corn, helping many people in poor areas fight hunger. Research is still ongoing. With the development of technology, scientists are trying to create more and more GM plants. They believe that these plants can help people solve more difficult problems. 1．How can scientists create GM plants? A．By adding bacteria to plants. B．By growing plants with less water. C．By moving plants from nature into labs. D．By putting DNA from other living things into a plant. 2．Why did scientists add rabbit’s liver DNA to the pothos? A．To help rabbits live longer. B．To help corn become stronger. C．To make cleaning products work better. D．To make the pothos clean the air better. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3? A．GM corn dealt with water pollution well. B．GM plants also helped fight world hunger. C．“NAZ-4” can grow even in cold weather. D．“NAZ-4” was made by Australian scientists. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards GM plants? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful. Do the endless stream of messages and the thought of replying to unopened texts give you anxiety? Can the group chat feel so overwhelming that you want to throw your phone out of the window? Texting anxiety is a real thing, and more common than you’d think. In the last 25 years, texting has changed the way we communicate greatly. And many would argue, not for the better. The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. Overwhelmed, many end up consciously or unconsciously opting out, stopping responding to loved ones and friends. Unfortunately, not everyone will be understanding. Leah Aguirre, a psychotherapist explains that text conversations are usually a source of anxiety as they come with a lot of uncertainty. “We can’t predict how someone will respond, if they will respond, or how quickly they will respond. We can’t control other people’s actions or behavior or how they think and interpret (解读) things, and for people that are already prone to anxiety this can be hard to cope with.” Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate. You also may feel a little more on edge or short with others, compulsively check your phone or have obsessive and intrusive thoughts about the text conversation. Simply hearing a notification (通知), if our phone is out of reach, causes the brain chemicals associated with stress to spike. As well as the personal effects, text anxiety can put a strain on your relationships with friends and loved ones. A 2018 study found that romantic partnerships and friendships are far more successful when you and the other person have a similar texting style. If both parties are quick responders, the relationship is less likely to hit the rocks. Similarly, if all parties are happy to go hours, days, even weeks between responses, then everyone is happy. Establishing a texting schedule with people you interact with frequently is one way of reducing some of the stress if you have different texting styles. Aguirre suggests limiting the amount of time you are on your phone also helps with the anxiety. “By cancelling or reducing how much contact you have with the source of anxiety, you’ll feel some relief,” she says. “You can give yourself a pep talk, tell yourself that you are okay and that you have no control over another person’s response or behavior. Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that, big picture, you are okay and will be okay.” 1．The purpose of Paragraph 2 is to____________. A．analyze the cause of troubled relationships B．stress the importance of communication C．demonstrate the level of texting anxiety D．introduce the increasing use of cell phones 2．What does the underlined phrase “on edge” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Frightened. B．Interested. C．Excited. D．Nervous. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Creating a texting plan with others helps reduce text anxiety. B．Putting phones on “silence” mode increases anxiety. C．We should ask our partners to change their texting styles. D．Texting anxiety is often caused by the time taken to answer the texts. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A texting schedule: The final way out. B．Text conversations: Strengths and weaknesses. C．Texting anxiety: Problems and solutions. D．A new perspective: How much texting is too much. Imagine a tall building in a city where fruits and vegetables grow on every floor. This is called “vertical farming” (垂直农业). As cities grow, we have more people but less farmland. Feeding everyone has become a challenge. Vertical farming offers a creative way to grow fresh food right in the city center. A great example is the Plenty Richmond Farm in the USA．Covering 40,000 square feet, it grows sweet strawberries indoors on tall vertical towers. Unlike traditional farming, it doesn’t need natural sunlight or soil. It uses special LED lights to provide light for the plants, and a water system to provide water and nutrients (养分). AI (人工智能) and smart machines regulate the environment 24 hours a day, keeping the temperature, light, and water at the right levels. This creates suitable growing conditions for the plants, no matter what the weather is like outside. This new technology is important for big cities. Since food is grown locally, it doesn’t need long truck trips, which means the food reaches people faster and stays fresher. The Plenty Richmond farm proves the benefits with amazing results. It produces 4 million pounds of strawberries for millions of people nearby every year, which is 350 times more than traditional farms do on the same amount of land! More importantly, it turns city spaces into green gardens while using 97% less land and 90% less water. Still, this high-tech farming faces some difficulties. These farms can only grow certain small plants now. What’s more, they need a lot of electricity to run all day, making the crops more expensive. Today, vertical farming works as a partner to traditional farming. Experts believe we need both for the future. Vertical farms focus on cities, while traditional farms grow crops in larger fields. Together, these two ways of farming can help build a better food system for our world. 1．Which of the following is necessary for vertical farming? A．Tall buildings and soil. B．LED lights and water. C．Sunlight and farmland. D．Good weather and AI. 2．What does the underlined word “regulate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Watch. B．Control. C．Protect. D．Describe. 3．Why is vertical farming important for big cities? ① It provides fresher food.                     ② It produces more food. ③ It makes the food cheaper.                  ④ It uses less land and water. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Vertical Farming: A High-Cost Technology B．Vertical Farming: A Model Farm in the USA C．Vertical Farming: A Smart Way to Feed Cities D．Vertical Farming: An End to Traditional Farms Some people often get sick just as their holiday starts. This is sometimes called “leisure sickness”. It might happen when your busy body finally relaxes. You may have heard about it online, but is there any real evidence (证据) to support it? Leisure sickness first appeared in a 2002 study by Dutch researchers. It refers to people who are seldom ill during weekdays but often get sick on weekends or holidays. The researchers surveyed 1,893 people and found about 3% had leisure sickness. The patients usually suffered from headaches, tiredness, colds and muscle pain. Symptoms (症状) were most common during the first week of their holiday. However, this research depended on people’s memory. The idea of leisure sickness was not clear either. For example, one person’s idea of “seldom” and “often” may be different from another’s. A study in 2014 looked into why people get headaches during holidays. The study asked 22 people to keep diaries of their stress levels and when they had headaches. From their diaries, scientists found that headaches often came the day after stress levels went down. For example, if someone felt relaxed on Monday, they might get a headache on Tuesday. This explains why people who feel stressed at work often have headaches on days off, like weekends. Although we don’t fully understand its causes, some theories (理论) suggest possible reasons. One of them shows that people often get sick after holiday travel because planes and airports are crowded with germs (细菌). Also, their bodies may not get used to the germs in a new place, so it’s easier to catch something there. Another theory is that being busy at work makes us less likely to pay attention to symptoms. When we relax, symptoms such as muscle pain or a headache may become more noticeable. So, we may notice sickness more. There is still much we do not understand about how or why leisure sickness might happen. But we know that staying active, getting enough sleep, and eating healthy, balanced food—even when you are busy—can help you avoid it. 1．When does “leisure sickness” usually happen according to the text? A．Only after long travel. B．On weekends or holidays. C．Before working days. D．During busy weekdays. 2．What did the 2014 study find about headaches? A．Headaches happen during work. B．None of the 22 people had headaches. C．Headaches came after stress reduced. D．Stress brings headaches right away. 3．What might cause leisure sickness according to the theories? A．Travel germs and being relaxed. B．Long sitting on weekdays. C．Eating junk food on holiday. D．Sleeping too much on holiday. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．Do Germs Make Us Sick? B．Why Do We Get Sick on Holidays? C．How Can We Avoid Leisure Sickness? D．What Are the Symptoms of Leisure Sickness? We hear a lot of different sounds every day. While many of them are safe, sounds that are too loud and last too long can damage (损伤) our hearing. This damage is called noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL, 噪声性听力损失). NIHL may not be noticeable at first. However, it can build over time. Speech and music might start to sound unclear. It will be difficult for you to understand enjoyable and important sounds. There is, however, good news: You can always do something to protect your hearing. Is the noise too loud? The answer will be “Yes!” if… ◆you have to speak or shout loudly for people nearby to hear you. ◆you have trouble hearing someone talking in conversational volume (音量) when you are an arm’s length away. How do you measure (测量) sound? We measure sound in units called decibels (dB) (分贝). They work differently than other units. An increase of 10 dB seems about twice as loud to your ears, but it’s ten times stronger! Because humans can’t hear all sounds, we often use A-weighted decibels (dBA) (A计权分贝) to measure sound according to what human ears can actually hear. How many decibels are too loud? Wear hearing protection when the noise is at or above 85 dBA．Many devices (设备) that teens use today (such as music players) create noise levels at or about 85 dBA． _______ ◆Wear hearing protection when it is necessary. ◆Lower the volume. Set your devices to low volumes. Headphones can be 110 dBA at their highest volume! ◆Move away from the noise. The closer you are to the source of the sound, the louder the sound will be. Move away from it to lower the risk of hearing damage. At concerts, stand or sit away from the speakers. 1．What is noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)? A．A kind of sound that is too loud. B．Hearing damage caused by loud noise. C．A unit to measure sound. D．A way to protect our hearing. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Sounds. B．Units. C．Decibels. D．Ears. 3．Which sentence is the most suitable to be put in the blank (空白处) _______? A．How can we protect our hearing? B．Why should we stay away from noise? C．When do we have hearing problems? D．Where can we get hearing protection? 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell people how to enjoy loud music. B．To introduce different kinds of sounds. C．To teach people how to protect their hearing. D．To show the history of sound measurement. ①Did you know that architecture (建筑) can shape who we become? Architecture has a big influence on us. It can affect our character, mood, and health. ②Connecting nature with buildings is good for our mind and body. A study from Heidelberg University in Germany found that people who grow up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities. Vancouver, Canada, is a city surrounded (被环绕) by mountains and the ocean. Its buildings are carefully planned so tall ones never block (挡住) people’s view of the natural scenery. ③Architecture without soul (灵魂) can also change our moods, according to The Guardian. For example, in a study in Lower Manhattan, New York, people felt worse as they walked past a supermarket with boring glass walls. They even walked faster, as if they wanted to leave quickly. But when they reached lively restaurants and shops, their moods got much better. ④To make architecture more interesting, designers (设计师) should consider the height of ceilings (天花板). Studies showed that rooms with lower ceilings can make you more focused, while rooms with higher ceilings can make you more creative. Designers should also avoid too many flat and straight designs, because such designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns (图案/纹理). They also don’t fit well with nature, making buildings seem boring. To add life to architecture, designers should choose colors carefully to create different moods, according to Forbes. Bright colors like yellow and orange can make people feel energetic and happy, while calm colors like blue and green can help people feel relaxed. ⑤In short, architecture matters a lot. We should have buildings that connect with nature, have good designs and use nice colors to make us feel good. 1．Which is TRUE about people growing up in the countryside? A．They are more focused on their work. B．They walk faster in front of supermarkets. C．They have a lower risk of mental illnesses. D．They are more likely to have better creativity. 2．Tom is an artist. He wants to have more new ideas. What kind of room can probably help him? A．A dark-colored room. B．A room with lower ceilings. C．A room with lively grass. D．A room with higher ceilings. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．buildings B．light and shadow C．flat and straight designs D．interesting patterns 4．What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． Your phone rings. You answer, and a polite woman on the line says she’s calling from your bank. She explains that there is a problem with your account. However, if you provide some personal details — your address, date of birth, and password (密码) — she can help work it out. Be careful: if you give her the information, you will be in danger. That’s because it’s probably a scam. This type of online scam that uses calls to trick people into giving private information. Think of it as a fisher who uses a worm to fish. These “fishers” want one thing: your money. They use many tricks to make their calls look real. They may use technology to change their voice or use their caller’s false ID．But usually, they make use of your feelings, such as what you fear or want. In this way, they get you to give them the things they want. These scams work well because they force people into making decisions at once. For example, a scammer might call an elderly woman and claim (声称) to be her grandson. He is in trouble and needs money right away. Or they might want you to put in money in a “promising business” to make more money, but you have to act now. The first step in protecting yourself from scams is to be careful when someone calls you to ask for money or personal information. If you have any doubt, say you’ll call back and hang up. Then, if the call is from a family member, call them at a number you know is real. If it is from a bank, look up their number online and call it to check whether the situation is real. Even if the caller makes it seem like an emergency, always take a moment to check. It could save you from making an expensive mistake. Remember, these scammers are smart and can make you believe them easily. Don’t be the fish that takes the worm! 1．What does the underlined word “scam” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．A friendly service from the bank. B．A real problem with your account. C．A clever plan to make you richer. D．A special trick to steal your information. 2．Why do these scams often succeed? A．Because the scammers contact people by email. B．Because the scammers only trick older rich people. C．Because the scammers force people to decide in a hurry. D．Because the scammers promise to give more money back. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Banks’ actions to stop scams. B．Tips for staying safe from scams. C．Methods to search for scam information online. D．Ways to check if a call is from a family member. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell a funny story about a phone call. B．To explain what a scam is and how to avoid it. C．To describe the technology used in the scams. D．To show why older people are easily tricked by scams. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广州专用） （精选中考模拟热点话题） The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala became a big stage for China’s fast-growing robot industry. Four top technology companies—Unitree, Magic Lab, Galaxy General Robotics and Songyan Power—showed many amazing and modern robots. These smart machines soon became one of the most popular topics of the year. These robots did not just appear anywhere. Instead, they played special and important roles in different shows. In the performance Wu Bot, Unitree robots acted together with young martial artists. They performed perfect stick and nunchaku (双节棍) movements, showing great balance, speed and top-level control. In the short play Grandma’s Favorite, actress Cai Ming worked with a very human-like robot from Songyan Power. Their show was warm and funny, and it proved that technology can help people in daily life. At the same time, in the short film with Shen Teng and Ma Li, a robot from Galaxy General Robotics took part in gentle and natural activities, making high-tech feel close and easy to understand. The influence of the gala went far beyond the stage itself. According to official news reports, online searches and sales orders for robots rose sharply only a few hours after the show. Many types of robots sold out in minutes, because people’s great interest quickly became real market needs. As major media pointed out, this strong interest shows an important change: robots are moving from being just something to watch into something people really need. They are no longer just for fun. They are entering homes, care services and factories, with more and more practical uses. Although some people worry that machines might take the place of human warmth, the gala makes it clear that technology and human feelings can work well together. The 2026 gala is more than just a wonderful visual show. It shows China’s growing power in smart production and artificial intelligence. As robots become a part of everyday life, they will not only bring greater convenience but also spread Chinese culture in a new way. They will connect tradition and new ideas to build a smarter future. 1．What can we learn about the robot performances from paragraph 2? A．Robots performed independently without human partners. B．The shows helped make advanced technology easier for the public to accept. C．Online searches and sales orders for robots rose sharply a few hours after the show. D．Martial arts shows were the most successful among all programs. 2．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The writer feels hopeful about the future of robot technology. B．Robots will connect tradition and new ideas by performing on stage with humans. C．The gala is just a visual show with no deep meaning. D．Robots spread different cultures to China in a new way. 3．According to the passage, which of the following is the correct order? a. Many types of robots sold out in minutes. b. Major media pointed out that robots are becoming a real need. c. Robots performed in different shows. d. Four technology companies showed their robots at the gala. e. Online searches for robots rose sharply. A．c → d → a → e → b B．d → e → c → a → b C．c → e → d → a → b D．d → c → e → a → b 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the wonderful performances of robots in the 2026 Spring Festival Gala. B．To explain how robots are made and controlled. C．To show the growing influence and practical use of robots in China. D．To discuss whether robots will replace humans in the future. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述2026年春晚机器人表演展现了中国机器人产业的发展，及其对市场和大众生活的影响。         【详解】105．根据第二段“making high-tech feel close and easy to understand”“their show was warm and funny, and it proved that technology can help people in daily life”可知，机器人的表演让高科技显得亲切易懂，帮助公众更容易接受先进技术， 1．根据最后一段“they will not only bring greater convenience but also spread Chinese culture in a new way. They will connect tradition and new ideas to build a smarter future”可知，作者提到机器人将带来便利、传播文化、打造更智能的未来，由此可推断出作者对机器人技术的未来充满信心与期待。 2．根据文章行文顺序：①第一段“Four top technology companies— …showed many amazing and modern robots”；②第二段“they played special and important roles in different shows”；③第三段“online searches and sales orders for robots rose sharply only a few hours after the show”；④第三段“Many types of robots sold out in minutes”；⑤第四段“As major media pointed out, this strong interest shows an important change: robots are moving from being just something to watch into something people really need”。由此可梳理出事件发展的先后顺序。 3．全文围绕机器人在春晚的表现、市场反响、实际应用及未来影响展开，核心内容展现了机器人在中国日益增长的影响力与实用价值，由此可推断出文章的写作目的。 “Love You, Old Self” — this simple sentence has become a warm saying and a popular phrase among young people in China. When they post photos of home-cooked food or morning coffee with these words, they turn small daily things into a shared way of being kind to themselves. People say it is one of the kindest trends, and it touches many people deeply. It is more than just a saying. It makes the unclear idea of taking care of oneself become real. It gives comfort when people feel stressed and celebrates small happy moments. The key is to call oneself “Old Self”— a friendly name that lets people step back and talk to themselves kindly, just as they would to a close friend. This trend is popular for a reason. Today’s young people face a lot of pressure, such as non-stop exams and strong competition for university places and jobs. For example, a high school student in Beijing writes “Love You, Old Self” in her notebook to calm down after a hard exam. In such situations, being gentle and kind to oneself has become an important way to deal with pressure. Importantly, this is not an excuse to avoid difficulties. Instead, it helps people build more courage to get through hard times. To say “Love You, Old Self” means to recognize one’s own efforts, to allow oneself to rest when needed, and thus find a healthy balance. It is a cheap but useful way to keep emotions stable. It also changes where strength comes from — from others’ praise to believing in oneself. In the end, by being kind to themselves, young people are better able to deal with outside pressure. This gentle and steady power helps them find inner peace and shows a true fact: to really care for others, you must first be kind to yourself. 1．According to the passage, how does “Love You, Old Self” help young people? A．It helps them make more close friends. B．It helps them win more competitions. C．It helps them get into a good university. D．It helps them deal with pressure and find balance. 2．Which of the following is NOT a reason why the trend is popular? A．Young people face a lot of pressure. B．It helps young people find inner peace. C．It is a way to avoid difficulties. D．It gives young people a way to care for themselves. 3．Which of the following sentences is right? A．The trend of “Love You, Old Self” makes the idea of self-care become real. B．The phrase makes young people become too lazy to face hard times. C．The phrase “Love You, Old Self” can help them make more new friends. D．The phrase shows they are old enough to take care of themselves. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to take good care of oneself. B．The importance of being kind to oneself. C．The pressure that Chinese young people face. D．The popularity and benefits of the phrase “Love You, Old Self”. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了在中国年轻人中流行的“Love You, Old Self”这一潮流，分析了它流行的原因，阐述了该理念对年轻人的诸多益处，点明善待自己才能更好应对压力、获得内心平静。 【详解】109．第三段“In such situations, being gentle and kind to oneself has become an important way to deal with pressure.”和第四段“thus find a healthy balance”可知，这一短语能帮助年轻人应对压力并找到生活的健康平衡。 1．第四段“Importantly, this is not an excuse to avoid difficulties”说明，这一趋势并不是用来逃避困难的借口，因此C选项不是该趋势流行的原因。 2．第二段“It makes the unclear idea of taking care of oneself become real”可知，“Love You, Old Self”这一趋势让模糊的自我关怀理念变得具体真实。 3．通读全文，文章主要介绍了“Love You, Old Self”这一短语在中国年轻人中的流行现状、走红原因以及给年轻人带来的诸多益处。 Imagine you are taking a long trip to space with your pet. How do you both stay healthy in tough conditions such as microgravity (微重力)? On Oct 31, 2025, China sent four mice into space on Shenzhou XXI. This was the first time that China had sent mice into space for research. Earlier, China had sent other small animals like zebrafish (斑马鱼) and fruit flies. After the mice returned with the Shenzhou XXI spaceship, preliminary observations (初步观察) showed that the mice adapted well to the microgravity environment. Scientists would do more studies to learn how space changed the mice’s bodies. This would help them know more about space’s influence on living things. Mice are perfect for space research because they share genetic (基因的) similarities with humans. And they are small, so they need little room on the spaceship. What is more, they grow quickly and live only about two years. For example, six months in space for a mouse is like more than ten years for a human. This allows scientists to learn about long-term space effects on humans in just months, rather than years. Internationally, sending animals to space began in the late 1940s. At first, scientists wanted to see if life could survive in space. Today, studies break new ground — their focus is not just on survival, but also on illnesses on Earth. For example, they have found a way to slow bone (骨头) loss and help new bones grow. This useful discovery not only helps astronauts stay healthy in space, but also gives hope to people with bone problems on Earth. Also, if people live on other planets one day, we can’t live without animals. Besides being friends, animals help keep nature in order. To make this possible, scientists will carry out more space animal studies in the coming years, trying to solve more problems and make space travel safer for all living things. 1．When did China send four mice into space? A．In the late 1940s. B．On Oct 31, 2025. C．On Nov 14, 2025. D．We don’t know. 2．Why are mice perfect for space research? ①They share genetic similarities with humans. ②They are small and need little room. ③They grow quickly and live a short life. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 3．What does the underlined phrase “break new ground” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Avoid mistakes in research. B．Make new discoveries. C．Share ideas with other groups. D．Use old ways to solve problems. 4．What will probably be talked about next? A．Plans for future space animal research. B．Results of past space animal research. C．Methods to feed animals in space. D．Research on plants instead of animals. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国送小鼠进入太空开展科研的相关情况，阐明了小鼠适合太空研究的原因，同时介绍了国际太空动物研究的发展历程与科研价值，并展望了未来的研究方向。 【详解】113．第二段明确指出：“On Oct 31, 2025, China sent four mice into space on Shenzhou XXI”，直接点明了中国将四只小鼠送入太空的具体时间，对应选项B。 1．第三段从多方面说明：“Mice are perfect for space research because they share genetic similarities with humans. And they are small, so they need little room on the spaceship. What is more, they grow quickly and live only about two years”，完整阐述了小鼠适合太空研究的三点原因，对应选项D。 2．第四段提到：“Today, studies break new ground — their focus is not just on survival, but also on illnesses on Earth”，结合上下文可推断出“break new ground”指研究取得新突破、有了新发现，对应选项B。 3．最后一段结尾提到：“To make this possible, scientists will carry out more space animal studies in the coming years”，由此可推知下文大概率会介绍未来太空动物研究的相关计划，对应选项A。 In 2025, a team of scientists from China developed a new environmental tech called “Solar-Powered Algae (藻类) Mats” (SPA Mats), which has become a great achievement in cleaning polluted water. Unlike traditional water treatment (处理) methods that cost much and use lots of energy, SPA Mats use solar power to grow special algae that eat harmful things in rivers, lakes and even oceans. This technology has been tested in three Chinese cities since early 2026 and shown amazing results. Each SPA Mat is a thin, flexible sheet that can be spread on water surfaces easily. It is covered with tiny solar panels that provide energy for the algae to grow fast. Every 1 m2 of SPA Mats can clean 120 liters of polluted water per day, and it can work for up to 18 months without being replaced. The team first tested 50 SPA Mats in a small polluted river in Hangzhou. After two months, the water quality improved greatly. Encouraged by this, they added 150 more mats in the same area. In total, these mats reduced harmful chemicals in the river by 65% and made the water clear enough for small fish to return. Local people also noticed that the bad smell from the river was gone, and more birds began to stay nearby. However, the technology still has room for improvement. The SPA Mats work best in areas with plenty of sunlight, but they don’t work as well on cloudy days or in dark water. Also, making the mats requires special materials that are not cheap yet. Scientists are now working to optimize the technology, hoping to make the mats affordable and suitable for different weather conditions. The team behind SPA Mats hopes to bring this technology to more countries by 2027, for it shows environmental protection and scientific development can go hand in hand. Such green tech can surely grow fast in the future, solve more water pollution problems around the world and let more people see the great power of science and nature working together. 1．Why does the writer talk about the test in Hangzhou in Paragraph 2? A．To explain how to use the SPA Mats in rivers. B．To show where the SPA Mats were first made. C．To tell how well the SPA Mats work in real life. D．To compare the SPA Mats with other water cleaners. 2．Why don’t the SPA Mats work as well in some environments? A．They need plenty of sunlight to work well. B．They need to be replaced after a short time. C．They need much water to keep the algae alive. D．They can only be used in small rivers in China. 3．What does the underlined word “optimize” mean in paragraph 3? A．To look for something. B．To stop using something. C．To make something better. D．To change something totally. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Scientists will soon work out all the problems of SPA Mats. B．Traditional water treatment methods are no longer popular now. C．SPA Mats have been widely used in many countries around the world. D．Green tech will play a more important part in environmental protection. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国科学家研发的“太阳能藻类垫”（SPA Mats）这一环保技术，包括其工作原理、实际应用效果、存在的不足及改进方向，以及未来的推广前景。 1．第二段提到“The team first tested 50 SPA Mats in a small polluted river in Hangzhou. After two months, the water quality improved greatly...In total, these mats reduced harmful chemicals in the river by 65% and made the water clear enough for small fish to return”，通过描述在杭州的测试，展现了SPA Mats在实际应用中显著改善水质的效果，说明其在实际生活中的良好表现。 2．第三段指出“The SPA Mats work best in areas with plenty of sunlight, but they don’t work as well on cloudy days or in dark water”，说明SPA Mats在阳光充足的地区效果最佳，在阴天或深色水域效果不佳，即它们需要充足的阳光才能良好工作。 3．第三段提到“Scientists are now working to optimize the technology, hoping to make the mats affordable and suitable for different weather conditions”，结合前文提到该技术仍有改进空间，如成本高和受天气影响大，可知科学家正在努力改进技术，使其更经济实惠且适应不同天气条件，因此“optimize”意为“使……更好”。 4．最后一段提到“Such green tech can surely grow fast in the future, solve more water pollution problems around the world and let more people see the great power of science and nature working together”，表明绿色科技将在未来发挥更重要作用，解决更多水污染问题，并让人们看到科学与自然结合的巨大力量，即绿色科技将在环境保护中发挥更重要的作用。 Last month, calls were made to raise the taxes for sugary drinks. This shows growing worry over the amount of sugar that kids are taking in through cola, juices and other beverages (饮料), a new study has found that one in five children did not drink any water on a given day and that those kids took in more calories from sweetened beverages than kids who did drink water. The study surveyed 8,400 children across the country between the ages of 2 and 19. Researchers found that around 20 percent of children were reported drinking no water throughout the day. And they took in almost twice as many calories as kids who did drink some water. Overall, the children drank 132 calories of colas and other sugary beverages per day. That number dropped to 112 calories if they drank any water. But kids who didn’t drink any water at all took in an average of 210 calories from sweetened drinks. This can cause a lot of problems. “Those calories don’t provide much nutrition (营养) and they can add up,” according to professor Asher, a scientist in public health. Sugary drinks have been linked to a number of diseases, such as childhood obesity, dental problems and high cholesterol. “I’ve seen 6-year-olds with high cholesterol and teenagers with Type 2 diabetes,” said Natalie, a doctor for children. “These are diseases we used to see in their grandparents.” “Kids should take in water every single day, and the first beverage choice for kids should be water,” according to Natalie. “Because if they’re not drinking water, they are drinking sugar-sweetened beverages that are less healthy and have more calories.” Adults should take up their responsibility to encourage kids to drink water so that they don’t take in something less healthful. And things need to be done to ensure childhood health. 1．What can we learn about children’s water drinking from the survey? A．Each of the children took in 210 calories per day. B．Most of the children drank enough water every day. C．Children who drank less water would take in more calories. D．The children who drank water took in twice as many calories. 2．How does the writer support his idea in paragraph 3? A．By showing professional views to show risks. B．By providing survey data to prove the influence of sugary drinks. C．By comparing health conditions between heavy and light sugary drinkers. D．By describing the forming process of related diseases. 3．Which is a direct result for children replacing water with sugary drinks? A．Taking in less effective nutrition. B．Gaining nutrition from extra calories. C．Developing strong immune systems. D．Reducing the risk of dental problems. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To describe the harm of sweetened beverages. B．To compare water with sweetened beverages. C．To suggest some ways to help children live a healthier life. D．To introduce the importance of water drinking among children. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文围绕含糖饮料增税政策展开，通过调研数据说明儿童饮水不足、过量摄入含糖饮料的现状，分析了含糖饮料对儿童健康的危害，并呼吁鼓励儿童多喝水、保障儿童健康。 1．第二段提到“And they took in almost twice as many calories than kids who did drink some water.”，说明喝水少的孩子会摄入更多热量. 2．第三段作者引用了Asher教授、儿童医生的专业观点，说明含糖饮料带来的健康风险，以此支撑自己的观点。 3．第三段提到“Those calories don’t provide much nutrition”，说明用含糖饮料替代水的直接结果是摄入的有效营养减少。 4．全文先通过调研说明儿童饮水不足、含糖饮料摄入过量的问题，再分析危害，最后呼吁鼓励儿童多喝水，核心是介绍儿童饮水的重要性，D选项最贴合主旨。 Have you ever put on 3D glasses and felt as if a dinosaur were jumping off the screen or butterflies were flying around you? This wonderful experience is not magic—it is science. It happens because of the special way our eyes and brain work together. Humans see in three dimensions (3D) because our two eyes view the world from slightly different positions. This means each eye receives a 2D image—like two separate photographs taken from different directions. Our brain then turns these two pictures into one clear picture with depth. This ability allows us to judge how near or far objects are. So how do 3D movies copy this natural process? Film makers use two cameras placed side by side, just like human eyes. These cameras record two pictures at the same time. When we watch the movie, both pictures appear together on the screen. Without 3D glasses, they look unclear and doubled. That is why special glasses are necessary. 3D technology uses two kinds of light: one moves side to side, and the other moves up and down. The glasses make sure each eye receives a different kind of light, and our brain turns them into a single 3D view, creating the exciting feeling of being inside the scene. Watching a 3D film is a fantastic activity that mixes art with science. Although everything on the screen is flat, through this smart trick, we are able to enjoy a world that appears wonderfully deep, lively, and real. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic at the beginning? A．By showing a scene and raising a question. B．By sharing and replying to different opinions. C．By explaining a trick of a magic show directly. D．By introducing the story of the latest 3D movie. 2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 3? A．The two pictures. B．The two cameras. C．The 3D glasses. D．The human eyes. 3．How do 3D movies create their magic according to the passage? a. The brain turns two different pictures into one. b. The glasses help each eye see only one picture. c. Two cameras film from slightly different positions. d. Both pictures are shown together on the same screen. A．d-c-a-b B．c-d-b-a C．c-b-d-a D．d-a-c-b 4．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．The History of Movies B．3D Movie Reviews C．Secrets of Movies D．Magic Stories in Movies 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了3D电影的工作原理以及人类如何通过双眼和大脑的协同作用感知3D效果。 1．推理判断题。根据“Have you ever put on 3D glasses…This wonderful experience is not magic—it is science.”可知，作者通过描述一个场景并提出问题引入主题。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“When we watch the movie, both pictures appear together on the screen. Without 3D glasses, they look unclear and doubled.”可知，观看电影时，两幅画面同时出现在屏幕上，若不戴3D眼镜，它们看起来模糊且重影，“they”指代前文提到的“two pictures”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Film makers use two cameras placed side by side, just like human eyes. These cameras record two pictures at the same time.”，“both pictures appear together on the screen”，“ The glasses make sure each eye receives a different kind of light”以及“Our brain then turns these two pictures into one clear picture with depth.”可知，电影制作人使用并排放置的两台摄像机，录制两幅画面→两幅画面同时出现在屏幕上→眼镜确保每只眼睛接收不同的光线→大脑将两幅画面转化为一幅有深度的清晰图像。故选B。 4．推理判断题。全文围绕3D电影的科学原理展开，属于揭秘电影技术的科普内容。故选C。 William Shakespeare was an English poet and writer. To a certain degree, few people today talk about the works of Chaucer, Virgil, or even Homer, but if Shakespeare’s play is put on, there will definitely be a large audience. Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s excellent dramatist. His surviving works include about 38 plays, 154 sonnets (verses with 14 lines), two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other writer. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and grew up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he worked in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company. He appeared to retire and went back to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies (humorous dramas with a happy ending) and histories, and made those styles the best they could be by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies (sad dramas that make audience feel scared or pitiful) until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth. They were considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last time, he wrote tragicomedies (dramas with some funny parts but stronger sad parts) and cooperated with other writers. Shakespeare was a respected poet and writer in his own day, but his reputation (名声) did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. In the 20th century, his works were repeatedly used and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and re-explained in different cultural and political contexts all over the world. 1．How many works of Shakespeare are known today? A．More than 194. B．Less than 194. C．About 154. D．About 38. 2．In what order did the following happen in Shakespeare’s life? a. He married Anne Hathaway. b. He died in Stratford-upon-Avon. c. He wrote tragicomedies with other writers. d. He worked in London as an actor and writer. e. He wrote the great tragedies Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth. A．a-c-e-d-b B．c-a-e-d-b C．a-d-e-c-b D．a-e-d-c-b 3．Which of the following best describes Shakespeare’s works according to the passage? A．His plays have a smaller audience than Homer’s. B．His works have a lasting influence all over the world. C．His plays are performed less often than those of others. D．Hamlet is one of his best comedies in English in the world. 4．When did Shakespeare’s works become as well-known as they are today? A．When he retired. B．In the 19th century. C．When he was young. D．In the 20th century. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了莎士比亚的成就以及影响力。 1．细节理解题。根据“His surviving works include about 38 plays, 154 sonnets (verses with 14 lines), two long narrative poems, and several other poems.”可知，文中提到莎士比亚的现存作品包括38部戏剧、154首十四行诗、2部长篇叙事诗以及其他诗歌，合计已超过194，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway”可知，a“他娶了安妮·海瑟薇”最先发生；根据“Between 1585 and 1592, he worked in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company.”可知，d“他在伦敦当演员和作家”在a之后；根据“He then wrote mainly tragedies (sad dramas that make audience feel scared or pitiful) until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth.”可知，e“他写了伟大的悲剧《哈姆雷特》《李尔王》和《麦克白》”在d之后；根据“In his last time, he wrote tragicomedies (dramas with some funny parts but stronger sad parts) and cooperated with other writers.”可知，c“他和其他作家一起写悲喜剧”在e之后；根据“He appeared to retire and went back to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later.”可知b“他在埃文河畔斯特拉特福去世”最后发生。所以顺序是a-d-e-c-b。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the 20th century, his works were repeatedly used and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance.”以及“His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and re-explained in different cultural and political contexts all over the world.”可知，莎士比亚的作品具有持久影响力，当今仍不断被演绎和研究。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Shakespeare was a respected poet and writer in his own day, but his reputation (名声) did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century.”可知，莎士比亚的作品直到19世纪才像今天这样出名。故选B。 ①If traffic noise makes you feel angry, you’re not alone. Scientists found that birds get mad too! A new study in the journal Animal Behavior shows that male Galapagos yellow warblers (黄莺) living near busy roads become very “bad-tempered (易怒的)” when they hear car sounds. This means traffic noise doesn’t just bother people, but also wildlife. ②The Galapagos Islands are a famous wildlife home in the Pacific Ocean. Many plants and animals there live nowhere else on earth, making them perfect for watching wild animals. However, the islands’ popularity has brought many more people. In the 1960s, only 2,000 people lived there. Now, about 32,000 people live there, and over 200,000 tourists visit yearly. This has led to many more cars on the roads and much more noise pollution. ③Scientists from two universities studied how traffic noise affects island animals. They watched 38 male yellow warblers. Half lived near roads, while the other half lived in quiet areas. These birds protect their homes by singing loudly to warn other birds away, and sometimes even fighting. Researchers played two recordings: one with only a male warbler’s song, and another mixing the song with traffic noise. They recorded how the birds behaved. ④They found that birds near roads became much angrier when they heard traffic noise mixed with bird song. They flew right next to the speaker and circled it repeatedly—behavior suggesting they were ready to fight. Scientists believe these birds may know traffic covers their songs. Moving closer to be heard is dangerous because cars on the roads might hit them. ⑤The research team wants people to care more about how noise pollution harms wildlife. While finding places with no human noise at all is difficult, we can still help animals. Simple ideas like using roads that reduce noise or making “quiet times” when birds raise their young could greatly help animals like the yellow warblers. 1．What does the underlined word “bother” probably mean? A．Make someone angry. B．Keep someone calm. C．Get someone’s attention. D．Make someone scared. 2．Why has the traffic noise increased on the Galapagos Islands? A．Because more people brought cars there. B．Because more scientists study birds there. C．Because the islands have special animals. D．Because warblers are attracted to traffic noise. 3．What did the scientists find about the birds living near roads? A．They liked the traffic noise and sang more happily. B．They got much angrier when they heard noisy bird songs. C．They flew away from the speaker when they heard any sound. D．They were not affected by the traffic noise and acted normally. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交通噪音不仅影响人类情绪，也会使加拉帕戈斯群岛的黄莺变得易怒，科学家通过研究发现靠近道路的黄莺对噪音反应更激烈，并提出了减少噪音污染对野生动物影响的建议。 【详解】133．第一段指出：“traffic noise doesn’t just bother people, but also wildlife.” 结合上文“birds get mad too”和“male Galapagos yellow warblers living near busy roads become very ‘bad-tempered’ when they hear car sounds”，说明交通噪音会让人和野生动物都感到愤怒，因此“bother”意为“让某人生气”。 1．第二段指出：“the islands’ popularity has brought many more people... This has led to many more cars on the roads and much more noise pollution.” 说明随着人口和游客增加，汽车数量增多，导致交通噪音增加。 2．第四段明确指出：“They found that birds near roads became much angrier when they heard traffic noise mixed with bird song. They flew right next to the speaker and circled it repeatedly—behavior suggesting they were ready to fight.” 说明生活在公路附近的鸟在听到混合交通噪音的鸟鸣时会变得更加愤怒。 3．文章共五个自然段：第①段通过交通噪音让人生气引出话题，指出噪音也会让鸟类变得易怒；第②段介绍加拉帕戈斯群岛的背景，说明人口和游客增加导致汽车增多、噪音污染加剧；第③段讲述科学家的实验方法（观察38只黄莺，播放两种录音），第④段呈现实验结果（靠近道路的黄莺听到噪音混合鸟鸣时变得更生气），这两段共同构成“实验与发现”部分；第⑤段提出建议（使用降噪道路、设立安静期等）并呼吁人们关注噪音污染对野生动物的危害。因此文章结构为：①引出话题 → ②背景分析 → ③④实验与发现 → ⑤建议呼吁，对应结构图①→②→③④→⑤。根据图示，D项符合这一结构。 Big news in the plant world! Scientists have changed plants to make them even more useful at the DNA level. They take DNA from other living things, like animals or bacteria (细菌), and put it into a plant. Some scientists can even rewrite the plant’s own DNA．These kinds of plants are called GM plants, which have a better performance in solving certain problems. One problem GM plants can solve is indoor air pollution—usually caused by cooking, dust and cleaning products. As early as 1989, NASA scientists found plants could clean the air, but later studies soon showed that the effect was too weak to be really helpful. So scientists tried to change them at the DNA level. One example is the GM pothos (绿萝). In 2018, scientists from the US added DNA from a rabbit’s liver (肝脏) to it. In rabbits, this part helped break down harmful things. Thanks to the DNA, the new plant was better at cleaning the air. In 2023, scientists added DNA from bacteria. The special pothos was up to 30 times better at reducing air pollution than normal plants! ▲ In 2026, Chinese scientists successfully developed a new type of GM corn. They rewrote the corn’s own DNA to allow it to grow with less water. This GM corn, named “NAZ-4”, grew well even in dry areas. As a result, it could produce up to 47% more corn than normal corn, helping many people in poor areas fight hunger. Research is still ongoing. With the development of technology, scientists are trying to create more and more GM plants. They believe that these plants can help people solve more difficult problems. 1．How can scientists create GM plants? A．By adding bacteria to plants. B．By growing plants with less water. C．By moving plants from nature into labs. D．By putting DNA from other living things into a plant. 2．Why did scientists add rabbit’s liver DNA to the pothos? A．To help rabbits live longer. B．To help corn become stronger. C．To make cleaning products work better. D．To make the pothos clean the air better. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3? A．GM corn dealt with water pollution well. B．GM plants also helped fight world hunger. C．“NAZ-4” can grow even in cold weather. D．“NAZ-4” was made by Australian scientists. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards GM plants? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了转基因植物的培育方式，列举改良绿萝净化空气、耐旱转基因玉米增产抗饥荒两大实例，表明科研人员持续研发这类植物，对其解决各类现实难题满怀期待。 【详解】137．文中第一段“They take DNA from other living things, like animals or bacteria，and put it into a plant.”，说明科学家提取其他生物的 DNA 植入植物体内，以此培育出转基因植物。 1．文中第二段“Thanks to the DNA, the new plant was better at cleaning the air.”，科学家将兔子肝脏 DNA 植入绿萝，是为了让绿萝拥有更强的空气净化能力。 2．文中第三段“helping many people in poor areas fight hunger”，本段主要介绍转基因玉米节水高产，能够助力人们抵御饥荒，此句可承接上下文填入空白处。 3．文中最后一段“They believe that these plants can help people solve more difficult problems.”，能看出作者认为转基因植物前景广阔，对此抱有满怀希望的态度。 Do the endless stream of messages and the thought of replying to unopened texts give you anxiety? Can the group chat feel so overwhelming that you want to throw your phone out of the window? Texting anxiety is a real thing, and more common than you’d think. In the last 25 years, texting has changed the way we communicate greatly. And many would argue, not for the better. The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. Overwhelmed, many end up consciously or unconsciously opting out, stopping responding to loved ones and friends. Unfortunately, not everyone will be understanding. Leah Aguirre, a psychotherapist explains that text conversations are usually a source of anxiety as they come with a lot of uncertainty. “We can’t predict how someone will respond, if they will respond, or how quickly they will respond. We can’t control other people’s actions or behavior or how they think and interpret (解读) things, and for people that are already prone to anxiety this can be hard to cope with.” Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate. You also may feel a little more on edge or short with others, compulsively check your phone or have obsessive and intrusive thoughts about the text conversation. Simply hearing a notification (通知), if our phone is out of reach, causes the brain chemicals associated with stress to spike. As well as the personal effects, text anxiety can put a strain on your relationships with friends and loved ones. A 2018 study found that romantic partnerships and friendships are far more successful when you and the other person have a similar texting style. If both parties are quick responders, the relationship is less likely to hit the rocks. Similarly, if all parties are happy to go hours, days, even weeks between responses, then everyone is happy. Establishing a texting schedule with people you interact with frequently is one way of reducing some of the stress if you have different texting styles. Aguirre suggests limiting the amount of time you are on your phone also helps with the anxiety. “By cancelling or reducing how much contact you have with the source of anxiety, you’ll feel some relief,” she says. “You can give yourself a pep talk, tell yourself that you are okay and that you have no control over another person’s response or behavior. Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that, big picture, you are okay and will be okay.” 1．The purpose of Paragraph 2 is to____________. A．analyze the cause of troubled relationships B．stress the importance of communication C．demonstrate the level of texting anxiety D．introduce the increasing use of cell phones 2．What does the underlined phrase “on edge” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Frightened. B．Interested. C．Excited. D．Nervous. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Creating a texting plan with others helps reduce text anxiety. B．Putting phones on “silence” mode increases anxiety. C．We should ask our partners to change their texting styles. D．Texting anxiety is often caused by the time taken to answer the texts. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A texting schedule: The final way out. B．Text conversations: Strengths and weaknesses. C．Texting anxiety: Problems and solutions. D．A new perspective: How much texting is too much. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要说明了手机带来的信息焦虑的危害及如何缓解这种焦虑。 【详解】141．根据第二段中的“The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. Overwhelmed, many end up consciously or unconsciously opting out, stopping responding to loved ones and friends. ”可知，人们对手机的依赖程度越来越高，导致更大程度的焦虑，并选择开始无视手机信息。由此推知，第二段的目的是为了更具体的说明手机信息焦虑的程度。 1．根据划线词组上文“Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate.(Aguirre表示，这种焦虑会体现在身体的反应中，胸部紧绷，紧张或是心率加快)”说明这种焦虑会导致紧张的情绪。由此推知，划线词组on edge是“紧张的”意思，对应D项。 2．根据倒数第二段中的“Establishing a texting schedule with people you interact with frequently is one way of reducing some of the stress if you have different texting styles.(如果你和经常联系的人有着不同的发消息习惯，可以与他们建立一个消息时间表，这是减轻压力的途径之一)”可知，制定一个消息时间表有助于减轻压力。 3．根据第四段第一句“Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reaction, tightness in the chest, tensions, or increased heart rate. (Aguirre表示，这种焦虑会体现在身体的反应中，胸部紧绷，紧张或是心率加快)”及第五段第一句“As well as the personal effects, text anxiety can put a strain on your relationships with friends and loved ones. (信息焦虑不仅会对个人产生影响，也会给你与亲友的关系带来负面影响)”可知，信息焦虑有很多弊端；最后两段中的“Establishing a texting schedule (建立消息时间表)”，“limiting the amount of time(限制时间)”和“You can give yourself a pep talk (给自己打气)”等则给出了具体的解决方法。由此可知，本篇主要说明的是信息焦虑带来的问题及解决办法。Texting anxiety: Problems and solutions(信息焦虑：问题和解决方案)适合作本文最佳标题。 Imagine a tall building in a city where fruits and vegetables grow on every floor. This is called “vertical farming” (垂直农业). As cities grow, we have more people but less farmland. Feeding everyone has become a challenge. Vertical farming offers a creative way to grow fresh food right in the city center. A great example is the Plenty Richmond Farm in the USA．Covering 40,000 square feet, it grows sweet strawberries indoors on tall vertical towers. Unlike traditional farming, it doesn’t need natural sunlight or soil. It uses special LED lights to provide light for the plants, and a water system to provide water and nutrients (养分). AI (人工智能) and smart machines regulate the environment 24 hours a day, keeping the temperature, light, and water at the right levels. This creates suitable growing conditions for the plants, no matter what the weather is like outside. This new technology is important for big cities. Since food is grown locally, it doesn’t need long truck trips, which means the food reaches people faster and stays fresher. The Plenty Richmond farm proves the benefits with amazing results. It produces 4 million pounds of strawberries for millions of people nearby every year, which is 350 times more than traditional farms do on the same amount of land! More importantly, it turns city spaces into green gardens while using 97% less land and 90% less water. Still, this high-tech farming faces some difficulties. These farms can only grow certain small plants now. What’s more, they need a lot of electricity to run all day, making the crops more expensive. Today, vertical farming works as a partner to traditional farming. Experts believe we need both for the future. Vertical farms focus on cities, while traditional farms grow crops in larger fields. Together, these two ways of farming can help build a better food system for our world. 1．Which of the following is necessary for vertical farming? A．Tall buildings and soil. B．LED lights and water. C．Sunlight and farmland. D．Good weather and AI. 2．What does the underlined word “regulate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Watch. B．Control. C．Protect. D．Describe. 3．Why is vertical farming important for big cities? ① It provides fresher food.                     ② It produces more food. ③ It makes the food cheaper.                  ④ It uses less land and water. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Vertical Farming: A High-Cost Technology B．Vertical Farming: A Model Farm in the USA C．Vertical Farming: A Smart Way to Feed Cities D．Vertical Farming: An End to Traditional Farms 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垂直农业与传统农业的区别及其在未来粮食系统中的重要性。 【详解】145．根据文章第二段“It uses special LED lights to provide light for the plants, and a water system to provide water and nutrients.”可知，垂直农业的必要条件是LED灯和水。 1．根据文章第二段“AI and smart machines regulate the environment 24 hours a day, keeping the temperature, light, and water at the right levels.”可知，人工智能和智能机器要让温度、光照、水始终维持在合适区间，由此可知regulate意思是“调节、控制”，对应选项Control。 2．根据文章第三段“Since food is grown locally…stays fresher…which is 350 times more than traditional farms…while using 97% less land and 90% less water.”可知，垂直农业为人们提供更新鲜的食物、生产更多的粮食、但使用更少的土地和水。根据文章第四段“What’s more, they need a lot of electricity to run all day, making the crops more expensive.”可知，垂直农业用电量大，使食物更贵。所以①②④正确。 3．文章末段“Experts believe we need both for the future…help build a better food system for our world”，核心主旨是介绍垂直农业作为解决未来城市粮食问题的创新方法。A只强调了“高成本”缺点，不能概括全文；B里的美国农场只是文中举的例子，不是核心主题；D不符合文中“未来传统农业和垂直农业都需要”的表述。 Some people often get sick just as their holiday starts. This is sometimes called “leisure sickness”. It might happen when your busy body finally relaxes. You may have heard about it online, but is there any real evidence (证据) to support it? Leisure sickness first appeared in a 2002 study by Dutch researchers. It refers to people who are seldom ill during weekdays but often get sick on weekends or holidays. The researchers surveyed 1,893 people and found about 3% had leisure sickness. The patients usually suffered from headaches, tiredness, colds and muscle pain. Symptoms (症状) were most common during the first week of their holiday. However, this research depended on people’s memory. The idea of leisure sickness was not clear either. For example, one person’s idea of “seldom” and “often” may be different from another’s. A study in 2014 looked into why people get headaches during holidays. The study asked 22 people to keep diaries of their stress levels and when they had headaches. From their diaries, scientists found that headaches often came the day after stress levels went down. For example, if someone felt relaxed on Monday, they might get a headache on Tuesday. This explains why people who feel stressed at work often have headaches on days off, like weekends. Although we don’t fully understand its causes, some theories (理论) suggest possible reasons. One of them shows that people often get sick after holiday travel because planes and airports are crowded with germs (细菌). Also, their bodies may not get used to the germs in a new place, so it’s easier to catch something there. Another theory is that being busy at work makes us less likely to pay attention to symptoms. When we relax, symptoms such as muscle pain or a headache may become more noticeable. So, we may notice sickness more. There is still much we do not understand about how or why leisure sickness might happen. But we know that staying active, getting enough sleep, and eating healthy, balanced food—even when you are busy—can help you avoid it. 1．When does “leisure sickness” usually happen according to the text? A．Only after long travel. B．On weekends or holidays. C．Before working days. D．During busy weekdays. 2．What did the 2014 study find about headaches? A．Headaches happen during work. B．None of the 22 people had headaches. C．Headaches came after stress reduced. D．Stress brings headaches right away. 3．What might cause leisure sickness according to the theories? A．Travel germs and being relaxed. B．Long sitting on weekdays. C．Eating junk food on holiday. D．Sleeping too much on holiday. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．Do Germs Make Us Sick? B．Why Do We Get Sick on Holidays? C．How Can We Avoid Leisure Sickness? D．What Are the Symptoms of Leisure Sickness? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“休闲病”这一现象，通过2002年和2014年的研究分析了其可能的发生时间、原因及相关理论，并给出了避免建议。 【详解】149．第二段指出休闲病的定义：“It refers to people who are seldom ill during weekdays but often get sick on weekends or holidays.”，这直接说明休闲病通常发生在“weekends or holidays”。 1．第三段说明了2014年研究关于头痛的发现：“From their diaries, scientists found that headaches often came the day after stress levels went down.”以及“This explains why people who feel stressed at work often have headaches on days off”，这说明头痛发生在压力降低之后。 2．第四段和第五段提出了两种理论。第四段指出：“One of them shows that people often get sick after holiday travel because planes and airports are crowded with germs.”，第五段指出：“Another theory is that being busy at work makes us less likely to pay attention to symptoms. When we relax, symptoms...may become more noticeable.”，因此休闲病的原因包括旅行中的细菌和放松后对症状的注意。 3．全文围绕“休闲病”展开：第一段提出问题，第二段介绍定义和研究，第三段分析头痛与压力的关系，第四、五段探讨可能原因，最后给出建议。全文核心问题是解释“为什么人们在假期会生病”。B项“Why Do We Get Sick on Holidays?”准确概括了文章主题。 We hear a lot of different sounds every day. While many of them are safe, sounds that are too loud and last too long can damage (损伤) our hearing. This damage is called noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL, 噪声性听力损失). NIHL may not be noticeable at first. However, it can build over time. Speech and music might start to sound unclear. It will be difficult for you to understand enjoyable and important sounds. There is, however, good news: You can always do something to protect your hearing. Is the noise too loud? The answer will be “Yes!” if… ◆you have to speak or shout loudly for people nearby to hear you. ◆you have trouble hearing someone talking in conversational volume (音量) when you are an arm’s length away. How do you measure (测量) sound? We measure sound in units called decibels (dB) (分贝). They work differently than other units. An increase of 10 dB seems about twice as loud to your ears, but it’s ten times stronger! Because humans can’t hear all sounds, we often use A-weighted decibels (dBA) (A计权分贝) to measure sound according to what human ears can actually hear. How many decibels are too loud? Wear hearing protection when the noise is at or above 85 dBA．Many devices (设备) that teens use today (such as music players) create noise levels at or about 85 dBA． _______ ◆Wear hearing protection when it is necessary. ◆Lower the volume. Set your devices to low volumes. Headphones can be 110 dBA at their highest volume! ◆Move away from the noise. The closer you are to the source of the sound, the louder the sound will be. Move away from it to lower the risk of hearing damage. At concerts, stand or sit away from the speakers. 1．What is noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)? A．A kind of sound that is too loud. B．Hearing damage caused by loud noise. C．A unit to measure sound. D．A way to protect our hearing. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Sounds. B．Units. C．Decibels. D．Ears. 3．Which sentence is the most suitable to be put in the blank (空白处) _______? A．How can we protect our hearing? B．Why should we stay away from noise? C．When do we have hearing problems? D．Where can we get hearing protection? 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell people how to enjoy loud music. B．To introduce different kinds of sounds. C．To teach people how to protect their hearing. D．To show the history of sound measurement. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕噪声性听力损失展开，介绍了其定义、危害、噪声强度判断标准、分贝测量方式以及保护听力的方法。 【详解】153．根据第一段第二、三句“sounds that are too loud and last too long can damage our hearing. This damage is called noise-induced bearing loss(NIHL)”可知，NIHL 指的是由过大或持续时间过长的噪音引起的听力损伤。 1．根据划线词“They”所在句的前一句“We measure sound in units called decibels(dB).”可知，They指代的是前句中提到的测量单位“分贝”。 2．空白处位于最后一段的标题位置。该段下列出的佩戴听力保护装置、调低音量、远离噪音的建议均为保护听力的具体措施，因此标题应为“我们如何保护听力”。 3．通读全文可知，文章首先介绍了噪音性听力损失的危害，随后说明了如何判断噪音过大及测量单位，最后重点列举了保护听力的具体方法。因此作者的写作目的是教人们如何保护听力。 ①Did you know that architecture (建筑) can shape who we become? Architecture has a big influence on us. It can affect our character, mood, and health. ②Connecting nature with buildings is good for our mind and body. A study from Heidelberg University in Germany found that people who grow up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities. Vancouver, Canada, is a city surrounded (被环绕) by mountains and the ocean. Its buildings are carefully planned so tall ones never block (挡住) people’s view of the natural scenery. ③Architecture without soul (灵魂) can also change our moods, according to The Guardian. For example, in a study in Lower Manhattan, New York, people felt worse as they walked past a supermarket with boring glass walls. They even walked faster, as if they wanted to leave quickly. But when they reached lively restaurants and shops, their moods got much better. ④To make architecture more interesting, designers (设计师) should consider the height of ceilings (天花板). Studies showed that rooms with lower ceilings can make you more focused, while rooms with higher ceilings can make you more creative. Designers should also avoid too many flat and straight designs, because such designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns (图案/纹理). They also don’t fit well with nature, making buildings seem boring. To add life to architecture, designers should choose colors carefully to create different moods, according to Forbes. Bright colors like yellow and orange can make people feel energetic and happy, while calm colors like blue and green can help people feel relaxed. ⑤In short, architecture matters a lot. We should have buildings that connect with nature, have good designs and use nice colors to make us feel good. 1．Which is TRUE about people growing up in the countryside? A．They are more focused on their work. B．They walk faster in front of supermarkets. C．They have a lower risk of mental illnesses. D．They are more likely to have better creativity. 2．Tom is an artist. He wants to have more new ideas. What kind of room can probably help him? A．A dark-colored room. B．A room with lower ceilings. C．A room with lively grass. D．A room with higher ceilings. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．buildings B．light and shadow C．flat and straight designs D．interesting patterns 4．What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了建筑对人的性格、情绪和健康的影响，以及如何通过建筑设计打造更优质的建筑空间。 【详解】157．文中提到“A study from Heidelberg University in Germany found that people who grow up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities”，说明在乡村长大的人患精神疾病的风险更低。 1．文中提到“rooms with higher ceilings can make you more creative”，说明高天花板的房间能让人更有创造力，适合想要获得更多新想法的艺术家Tom。 2．文中提到“Designers should also avoid too many flat and straight designs, because such designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns. They also don’t fit well with nature, making buildings seem boring”，说明第4段中的“They”指代的是前文提到的flat and straight designs。 3．文章第1段总起，点明建筑对人有重大影响；第2、3、4段分别从建筑与自然的连接、建筑对情绪的影响、建筑设计的优化方向三个方面展开论述；第5段总结全文，因此文章结构为总分总结构，对应选项C。 Your phone rings. You answer, and a polite woman on the line says she’s calling from your bank. She explains that there is a problem with your account. However, if you provide some personal details — your address, date of birth, and password (密码) — she can help work it out. Be careful: if you give her the information, you will be in danger. That’s because it’s probably a scam. This type of online scam that uses calls to trick people into giving private information. Think of it as a fisher who uses a worm to fish. These “fishers” want one thing: your money. They use many tricks to make their calls look real. They may use technology to change their voice or use their caller’s false ID．But usually, they make use of your feelings, such as what you fear or want. In this way, they get you to give them the things they want. These scams work well because they force people into making decisions at once. For example, a scammer might call an elderly woman and claim (声称) to be her grandson. He is in trouble and needs money right away. Or they might want you to put in money in a “promising business” to make more money, but you have to act now. The first step in protecting yourself from scams is to be careful when someone calls you to ask for money or personal information. If you have any doubt, say you’ll call back and hang up. Then, if the call is from a family member, call them at a number you know is real. If it is from a bank, look up their number online and call it to check whether the situation is real. Even if the caller makes it seem like an emergency, always take a moment to check. It could save you from making an expensive mistake. Remember, these scammers are smart and can make you believe them easily. Don’t be the fish that takes the worm! 1．What does the underlined word “scam” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．A friendly service from the bank. B．A real problem with your account. C．A clever plan to make you richer. D．A special trick to steal your information. 2．Why do these scams often succeed? A．Because the scammers contact people by email. B．Because the scammers only trick older rich people. C．Because the scammers force people to decide in a hurry. D．Because the scammers promise to give more money back. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Banks’ actions to stop scams. B．Tips for staying safe from scams. C．Methods to search for scam information online. D．Ways to check if a call is from a family member. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell a funny story about a phone call. B．To explain what a scam is and how to avoid it. C．To describe the technology used in the scams. D．To show why older people are easily tricked by scams. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了电话诈骗的定义、运作方式以及如何保护自己免受诈骗的建议。 【详解】161．根据第一段中“if you give her the information, you will be in danger. That’s because it’s probably a scam.”可知，提供信息会导致危险，说明这是一种窃取信息的骗局或诡计，“scam”表示“一种窃取你信息的特殊诡计”。 1．根据第三段首句“These scams work well because they force people into making decisions at once.”可知，骗局成功的原因是迫使人们匆忙做决定。 2．根据第四段首句“The first step in protecting yourself from scams is to be careful ...”以及后续提到的挂断电话、回拨核实等具体建议可知，本段主要讲述的是免受诈骗的安全建议。 3．文章第一段引出诈骗话题，第二、三段解释什么是诈骗及为何成功，第四、五段提供防范建议。由此可知，文章的目的是解释什么是诈骗以及如何避免被诈骗。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $