Unit 7 Space exploration 单元重点单词,单词变形,短语,语法,句型练习-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元易错题精练（沪教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“Space exploration”主题，构建“词汇-语法-语篇”三级递进训练体系，强化单元核心知识的系统复现与应用，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词性转换|10题|词形变化（名/动/形/副词转换）|从基础词形规则到派生词生成| |重点单词/词组|20词+10词组|汉译英记忆与应用|围绕主题词汇构建语义网络| |知识点习题|20+10+10+20题|语法填空、完成句子、短文填空|从单句语法应用到语篇综合理解|

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 7 Space exploration 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、词性转换 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. mistake (n. 错误；失误) → mistaken (adj. 错误的；弄错的) 2. stick (v. 粘；贴) → stuck (过去式/过去分词) 3. destroy (v. 摧毁) → destruction (n. 破坏；毁灭) 4. serve (v. 为……工作；服务) → service (n. 服务) 5. deliver (v. 传送；运载) → delivery (n. 传送；交付) 6. probable (adj. 很可能发生的) → probably (adv. 很可能) 7. select (v. 挑选；选拔) → selection (n. 选择；挑选) 8. average (adj. 平均的) → average (n. 平均数) 9. afford (v. 承担得起) → affordable (adj. 买得起的) 10. spaceflight (n. 航天；宇宙飞行) → space (n. 太空；空间) 二、重点单词 1. 牛肉 beef 2. 海鲜 seafood 3. 承担得起（后果） afford 4. 错误；失误 mistake 5. 粘；贴 stick 6. 碰撞；撞击 hit 7. 肌肉 muscle 8. 健身房 gym 9. 人造卫星 satellite 10. 摧毁 destroy 11. 平均的 average 12. 很可能发生（或存在等）的 probable 13. 挑选；选拔 select 14. 航天；宇宙飞行 spaceflight 15. 为……工作；服务 serve 16. 传送；运载 deliver 17. 燃料 fuel 18. 供应量；供给量 supply 19. 时刻；阶段 point 20. 实验室 lab 三、重点词组 1. 起飞 take off 2. 一段时间 for a while 3. 证明是；结果是 turn out 4. 承担不起（后果） cannot afford to 5. 错误地；无意中 by mistake 6. 日常生活；日常工作 daily routine 7. 太空垃圾 space junk 8. 肉眼 naked eye 9. 通过；经过（……旁边） pass by 10. （时间）流逝；过去 go by 单元知识点习题训练 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The team made a lot of ________ (discover) during the research. 【答案】discoveries 【详解】句意：该团队在研究过程中有许多发现。discover意为“发现”，是动词。根据“a lot of”可知，此处应填可数名词复数形式，名词形式是discovery，对应的复数形式是discoveries。 2．________ (follow) the instructions carefully, please. 【答案】Follow 【详解】句意：请认真遵循说明。follow意为“遵循”，是动词。此处为祈使句，应用动词原形开头。句首单词首字母应大写。故填Follow。 3．They are looking forward to ________ (publish) their findings. 【答案】publishing 【详解】句意：他们期待着发表他们的研究成果。look forward to意为“期待”，这里的to是介词，不是不定式符号，介词后需要接动名词，因此填publish的动名词形式publishing。 4．The equipment ________ (be) very expensive to buy. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：这些设备买起来很贵。be意为“是”，是系动词。主语The equipment为不可数名词，视为单数，且描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填is。 5．The ________ (analyse) of the data shows a clear trend. 【答案】analysis 【详解】句意：对数据的分析显示了一个明显的趋势。analyse意为“分析”，是动词。根据“The...of”可知，此处指“分析”这一行为或结果，应用名词形式analysis。 6．The students are busy ________ (conduct) experiments in the lab. 【答案】conducting 【详解】句意：学生们正忙着在实验室里做实验。 be busy doing sth意为“忙于做某事”，conduct需变为动名词形式，故填conducting。 7．The ________ (develop) of space technology changes our life greatly. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：太空技术的发展极大地改变了我们的生活。句中定冠词“The”后和介词“of”前需要名词作句子主语；括号内“develop”为动词，意为“发展”，因此填写其名词形式“development”，不可数名词。 8．Some day, humans ________ (live) on other planets may become true. 【答案】living 【详解】句意：未来某天，人类生活在其他星球可能会成为现实。句子的谓语动词是“may become”，“humans”是句子的主语，“on other planets”是地点状语。这里需要一个非谓语动词形式来修饰“humans”。“humans”和“live”之间是主动关系，即人类主动地生活在其他星球上，所以用现在分词形式“living”作后置定语来修饰“humans”，表示“生活在其他星球上的人类” 。 9．The ________ (explore) of space has a long history and bright future. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：太空探索有着悠久的历史和光明的未来。句子需要名词作主语，explore是动词，其名词形式为exploration。结合谓语动词has可知，用其单数形式。故填exploration。 10．We can get a lot of ________ (inform) about space from books and the Internet. 【答案】information 【详解】句意：我们可以从书籍和互联网上获得许多关于太空的信息。句中“a lot of”后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。括号内给出的inform是动词，意为 “通知、告知”，此处需要填它的名词形式information（信息），information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填information。 11．The space station ________ (build) by different countries will be completed soon. 【答案】built 【详解】句意：不同国家共同建造的空间站即将建成。空格处需填非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“The space station”，“by different countries”提示被动关系，表示“被建造”。build的过去分词形式为built。 12．Astronauts have to face many ________ (difficult) in space. 【答案】difficulties 【详解】句意：宇航员在太空中必须面对许多困难。句中many后接可数名词复数，difficult是形容词，其名词复数形式为difficulties，意为“困难”。 13．The spacecraft ________ (send) to Mars last year has sent back lots of photos. 【答案】sent 【详解】句意：去年被送往火星的宇宙飞船发回了大量照片。sent to Mars last year是过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰 spacecraft。表示被动含义“被发射”用过去分词sent。 14．Many ________ (scientist) are doing research on space every day. 【答案】scientists 【详解】句意：许多科学家每天都在研究太空。many后面需要接可数名词的复数形式，scientist“科学家”是可数名词，它的复数形式是scientists。 15．The universe is too large ________ (imagine) for us. 【答案】to imagine 【详解】句意：宇宙浩瀚无垠，超乎我们的想象。too + 形容词 + to do sth，意思是“太……而不能……”。此处表示宇宙太大了，所以我们无法想象，该结构中主动形式可以表达被动含义，不需要变换动词形式，直接填动词不定式to imagine即可。 16．The radio signal ________ (travel) through space at the speed of light. 【答案】travels 【详解】句意：无线电信号以光速在太空中传播。介绍无线电信号传播的速度，是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the radio signal是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填travels。 17．The most important part of Tiangong space station ________ (be) called Tianhe. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：天宫空间站最重要的部分被称作天河。本句描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the most important part of Tiangong space station”是单数，be动词用is，且主语和动词“be called”之间是被动关系，表示“被称作”，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态，符合“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”的结构。故填is。 18．We ________ (climb) the hill when it began to rain. 【答案】were climbing 【详解】句意：我们正在爬山的时候，天开始下雨了。根据when it began to rain可知，这是was/were doing sth. when…的固定结构，表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”，句子用过去进行时；主语We是复数，be动词用were，climb的现在分词是climbing。故填were climbing。 19．The crash ________ (create) two large clouds of junk. 【答案】created 【详解】句意：这起碰撞产生了两大片碎片云。句子描述的是过去发生的事件，谓语动词需用一般过去时；括号内的create是动词，意为“创造、产生”，其过去式为created。 20．Always check your homework ________ (careful) before handing it in. 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：交作业前总是要仔细检查。careful意为“仔细的”，是形容词。此处修饰动词check，应用副词形式carefully。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．An accident ________ (发生) while I was walking in the park. 【答案】happened 【详解】句意：我在公园散步的时候，一场事故发生了。句中“while I was walking in the park”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，主句需用一般过去时。happen表示“发生”的意思，其过去式直接在词尾加-ed。 22．There is a ________ (健身房) behind the sports field in our school. 【答案】gym 【详解】句意：在我们学校运动场的后面有一个健身房。根据中文提示可知，“健身房”对应的英文是gym，是名词，在句中作主语。 23．After I explained my idea, my parents finally got my ________ (观点；重点). 【答案】point 【详解】句意：在我解释完我的想法后，我的父母终于理解了我的观点。形容词性物主代词my后接名词，point“观点；重点”。 24．He thinks it necessary to ________ (提到) his mother in his speech. 【答案】mention 【详解】句意：他认为在他的演讲中提到他的母亲是有必要的。“提到”的英文表达是mention。在这里it是形式宾语，真正的宾语“to mention his mother in his speech”，“think it+形容词+to do sth.”表示“认为做某事是……的”。故填mention。 25．She is a brave girl and she always faces difficulties bravely without ________(害怕). 【答案】fear 【详解】句意：她是一个勇敢的女孩，总是毫无畏惧地勇敢面对困难。介词without后需要接名词，fear意为“害怕、恐惧”。故填fear。 26．The doctor has given me some medicine to take for my ________ (咳嗽). 【答案】cough 【详解】句意：医生已经给了我一些治疗咳嗽的药。cough“咳嗽”，是名词，有形容词性物主代词my修饰，用名词，故填cough。 27．In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to ________ (撞击) an empty bowl. 【答案】hit 【详解】句意：在中国，用筷子敲空碗是不礼貌的。根据中文提示可知，“撞击”对应的英文是hit，to后跟动词原形，构成不定式结构，在句中作真正的主语。 28．Today, there are many robots ________ (服务) in the restaurant. 【答案】serving 【详解】句意：如今，餐厅里有很多机器人在提供服务。根据汉语提示可知，“服务”的英文表达为serve，本句是一个there be句型，“there are many robots”是句子主干，后面需要用现在分词作后置定语，来补充说明机器人主动发出的动作，serve的现在分词形式为serving。 29．The ________ (平均的) temperature on Mars is around minus 60 ℃ throughout the year. 【答案】average 【详解】句意：火星上的年平均温度约为零下60摄氏度。空格处需填形容词修饰名词temperature，所给中文提示“平均的”对应的英文形容词是average。 30．Your phone receives the ________ (信号) and compares it to the time of arrival. 【答案】signal 【详解】句意：你的手机接收信号并将其与到达时间进行比较。根据汉语提示可知，signal“信号”，名词，作动词的宾语，根据下文“it”可知此处用单数形式。故填signal。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．上网时你应该保护你的个人信息。 You should protect your ________ ________ when surfing the Internet. 【答案】 personal information 【详解】对比中英文，缺少关键词“个人的信息”。personal是形容词，意为“个人的”；information是不可数名词，意为“信息”。personal information意为“个人的信息”，作动词protect的宾语。故填personal；information。 32．起初，我只是为了转移注意力才游泳的。 At first, I swam just to ________ my mind ________ things. 【答案】 take off 【详解】原句中“转移注意力”是关键词，表达“转移注意力”的短语是take one’s mind off。本句为动词不定式结构，to后需接动词原形，take为动词原形。 33．薯片是无意中被发明的。 Potato chips were invented _______ ________. 【答案】 by mistake 【详解】原句中“无意中”是关键词，表示“无意中”的短语是by mistake，固定搭配。 34．我们应该按时完成任务，不能错过最后期限。 We should finish the task on time and mustn’t ________ the ________. 【答案】 miss deadline 【详解】原句中“错过最后期限”是关键词，表示“错过”的英文是miss，是动词，mustn’t后接动词原形；“最后期限”的英文是deadline，是可数名词，此处填单数名词。 35．他花了整个周末修改那篇报告的草稿。 He spent the whole weekend ________ the ________ of the report. 【答案】 revising draft 【详解】原句中“修改”和“草稿”是关键词。表示“修改”的英文是revise，是动词，spend time (in) doing sth意为“花时间做某事”，故用动名词revising；表示“草稿”的英文是draft，是可数名词，作宾语，the draft of“……的草稿”。 36．我们必须分析所有的数据，然后才能得出结论。 We have to ________ all the data before we can ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 analyze/analyse draw a conclusion 【详解】原句中 “分析” 和 “得出结论” 是关键词，表示 “分析” 的单词是analyze/analyse，表示 “得出结论” 的固定短语是draw a conclusion。本句中have to和can为情态动词，后接动词原形，因此analyze和draw均用原形。 37．这个实验是为了验证那个假设而进行的。 This experiment was ________ ________ to test the hypothesis. 【答案】 carried out 【详解】原句中“进行”是关键词，表示“进行”的英文是carry out，是动词短语。主语This experiment与carry out之间为被动关系，由“was”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，carry的过去分词是carried。 38．大家都害怕了，开始向四面八方跑去。 Everybody got scared and began to run ____________. 【答案】in all directions 【详解】原句中“四面八方”是关键词，表示“四面八方”的短语是in all directions，在句中作方式状语，修饰动词“run”，说明跑的方向。 39．当他们处于困境中时，他们没有放弃。 They didn’t ____________ when they were in trouble. 【答案】give up 【详解】原句中“放弃”是关键词，表示“放弃”的动词短语是give up。didn’t为助动词的否定形式，后接动词原形。 40．自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ____________, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 【答案】Since then 【详解】原句中“自那以后”是关键词，表示“自那以后”的短语是since then，句首首字母大写。 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 A successful failure On 13 April 1970, everything was looking good for the astronauts on Apollo13. Two days earlier, James Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise 41 (leave) the earth to go to the moon. They rode in their spaceship’s command module (令). Suddenly, there was 42 loud noise. Part of their spaceship blew up. Oxygen escaped rapidly from the command module. They could not live 43 enough oxygen. They also needed oxygen to help power the command module. Without enough oxygen and power, there’s no way to return home. Yet, they were not alone. Engineers on earth began working on 44 (they) problems. With the 45 (engineer) help, the three men closed down the command module and went to the lunar module. The lunar module had plenty of oxygen, but not enough power, so the engineers found ways to help them 46 (save) power. Then, their increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air became an issue. The engineers tried hard 47 discovered how to solve the problem. Finally, the engineers helped them get power to the command module so they could 48 (go) back to earth in it. After the three men on Apollo 13 came back to earth, their journey 49 (call) “a successful failure” by NASA．It was a failure because they didn’t set foot on the moon. But it was also a success since all of the men came home 50 (safe)—because of the excellent work of the whole team. 【答案】 41．left 42．a 43．without 44．their 45．engineers’ 46．save/to save 47．and 48．go 49．was called 50．safely 【导语】本文讲述了阿波罗 13 号登月任务突发故障，在地面工程师的全力帮助下，宇航员虽未能登月却全部平安返航，被称作一次成功的失败。 41．句意：两天前，詹姆斯・洛弗尔、约翰・斯威格特和弗雷德・海斯离开地球前往月球。根据时间状语“Two days earlier”以及全文过去的故事背景，时态为一般过去时，leave的过去式为left。 42．句意：突然，传来一声巨响。noise为可数名词单数，loud以辅音音素开头，此处表示泛指“一声”，用不定冠词a。 43．句意：没有充足的氧气，他们无法生存。结合前文氧气泄漏的语境，此处表达“没有 氧气就不能存活，介词without意为 “没有”。 44．句意：地球上的工程师开始着手解决他们的难题。空后有名词problems，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 45．句意：在工程师们的帮助下，这三名宇航员关闭了指挥舱。固定搭配with one’s help，此处表示多名工程师，先变复数engineers，再变为名词所有格engineers’。 46．句意：工程师们找到方法帮助他们节约能源。固定句型help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，此处填(to) save。 47．句意：工程师们努力尝试并且找到了解决问题的办法。前后两个动作“努力尝试”与“找到办法”是并列顺承关系，用并列连词and。 48．句意：最终工程师为指挥舱供能，让他们可以乘坐指挥舱返回地球。情态动词could后接动词原形go。 49．句意：阿波罗13号的三名宇航员返回地球后，他们的旅程被美国国家航空航天局称作“一次成功的失败”。主语journey和动词call是被动关系，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态was called。 50．句意：但这也是一次成功，因为所有人都安全回到了家。此处修饰动词短语came home，需要用副词，safe的副词形式是safely。 A rocket is rising from a ship in the Yellow Sea. It is the Long March 11-HY2—the 51 (ten) member of the Long March 11 family. It 52 (send) nine satellites into orbit (轨道) on Sept. 15, Xinhua reported. This was China’s second sea-based launch mission (海上发射任务). The first one took place in June 2019. China is the third country 53 (have) a sea launch following the US and Russia. The Long March 11-HY2 is around 20 meters in 54 (long). With a diameter (直径) of 2 meters, it weighs about 58 tons (吨). 55 (science) mainly use it to carry small satellites. It can take many satellites into orbit at 56 same time. 57 is on the rocket? Among the nine satellites on the Long March 11-HY2, three are for taking videos and six are for 58 (take) photos. Each of the satellites is about 42 kg. They will work for users in more fields, such as agriculture and environmental 59 (protect), China Daily reported. One of the satellites works for China’s popular video-sharing platform (平台) Bilibili. The satellite 60 (take) videos and pictures for scientific studies in the future. 【答案】 51．10th/tenth 52．sent 53．to have 54．length 55．Scientists 56．the 57．What 58．taking 59．protection 60．will take 【导语】本文介绍了长征11-HY2火箭的相关信息，包括其作为长征11号家族的第十位成员、成功发射九颗卫星、是中国第三个具备海上发射能力的国家、火箭的规格及用途、所搭载卫星的功能以及其中一颗卫星未来将为Bilibili平台进行科学研究的视频和图片拍摄。 51．句意：它是长征11号家族的第十位成员。文中“the”和“member”表示第十位成员，因此用十的序数词“tenth”或“10th”。 52．句意：据新华社报道，9月15日，它将九颗卫星送入轨道。时间状语“on Sept. 15”是过去时间，句子用一般过去时，send的过去式是sent。 53．句意：中国是继美国和俄罗斯之后第三个具备海上发射能力的国家。此处用不定式作后置定语修饰“the third country”，符合“the+序数词+名词+to do”结构。 54．句意：长征11-HY2长约20米。固定搭配in length表示“在长度方面”，long需要变为名词length。 55．句意：科学家主要用它来携带小卫星。此处作主语，指“科学家”，对应英文是scientist，谓语动词use是复数，故用复数形式scientists，句首首字母大写。 56．句意：它可以同时将多颗卫星送入轨道。固定短语at the same time意为“同时”，same前必须加定冠词the。 57．句意：火箭上有什么？此处为疑问词，询问火箭上装载的东西，故填疑问词what，句首首字母大写。 58．句意：长征11-HY2上的九颗卫星中，有三颗用于拍摄视频，六颗用于拍摄照片。介词for后接动词的动名词形式，故填take的动名词taking。 59．句意：据《中国日报》报道，它们将在农业和环境保护等领域为用户服务。形容词environmental后接名词，protect的名词形式是protection，environmental protection表示“环境保护”。 60．句意：未来，这颗卫星将为科学研究拍摄视频和照片。时间状语“in the future”表示将来，句子用一般将来时will do。 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 7 Space exploration 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 一、词性转换 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. mistake (n. 错误；失误) → ________ (adj. 错误的；弄错的) 2. stick (v. 粘；贴) → ______ (过去式/过去分词) 3. destroy (v. 摧毁) → ________ (n. 破坏；毁灭) 4. serve (v. 为……工作；服务) → ______ (n. 服务) 5. deliver (v. 传送；运载) → ________ (n. 传送；交付) 6. probable (adj. 很可能发生的) → ____________ (adv. 很可能) 7. select (v. 挑选；选拔) → ______ (n. 选择；挑选) 8. average (adj. 平均的) → ________ (n. 平均数) 9. afford (v. 承担得起) → _______ (adj. 买得起的) 10. spaceflight (n. 航天；宇宙飞行) → ________ (n. 太空；空间) 二、重点单词 1. 牛肉 ____________ 2. 海鲜 ____________ 3. 承担得起（后果） ____________ 4. 错误；失误 ____________ 5. 粘；贴 ____________ 6. 碰撞；撞击 ____________ 7. 肌肉 ____________ 8. 健身房 ____________ 9. 人造卫星 ____________ 10. 摧毁 ____________ 11. 平均的 ____________ 12. 很可能发生（或存在等）的 ____________ 13. 挑选；选拔 ____________ 14. 航天；宇宙飞行 ____________ 15. 为……工作；服务 ____________ 16. 传送；运载 ____________ 17. 燃料 ____________ 18. 供应量；供给量 ____________ 19. 时刻；阶段 ____________ 20. 实验室 ____________ 三、重点词组 1. 起飞 ____________ 2. 一段时间 ____________ 3. 证明是；结果是 ____________ 4. 承担不起（后果） ____________ 5. 错误地；无意中 ____________ 6. 日常生活；日常工作 ____________ 7. 太空垃圾 ____________ 8. 肉眼 ____________ 9. 通过；经过（……旁边） ____________ 10. （时间）流逝；过去 ____________ 单元知识点习题训练 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The team made a lot of ________ (discover) during the research. 2．________ (follow) the instructions carefully, please. 3．They are looking forward to ________ (publish) their findings. 4．The equipment ________ (be) very expensive to buy. 5．The ________ (analyse) of the data shows a clear trend. 6．The students are busy ________ (conduct) experiments in the lab. 7．The ________ (develop) of space technology changes our life greatly. 8．Some day, humans ________ (live) on other planets may become true. 9．The ________ (explore) of space has a long history and bright future. 10．We can get a lot of ________ (inform) about space from books and the Internet. 11．The space station ________ (build) by different countries will be completed soon. 12．Astronauts have to face many ________ (difficult) in space. 13．The spacecraft ________ (send) to Mars last year has sent back lots of photos. 14．Many ________ (scientist) are doing research on space every day. 15．The universe is too large ________ (imagine) for us. 16．The radio signal ________ (travel) through space at the speed of light. 17．The most important part of Tiangong space station ________ (be) called Tianhe. 18．We ________ (climb) the hill when it began to rain. 19．The crash ________ (create) two large clouds of junk. 20．Always check your homework ________ (careful) before handing it in. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．An accident ________ (发生) while I was walking in the park. 22．There is a ________ (健身房) behind the sports field in our school. 23．After I explained my idea, my parents finally got my ________ (观点；重点). 24．He thinks it necessary to ________ (提到) his mother in his speech. 25．She is a brave girl and she always faces difficulties bravely without ________(害怕). 26．The doctor has given me some medicine to take for my ________ (咳嗽). 27．In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to ________ (撞击) an empty bowl. 28．Today, there are many robots ________ (服务) in the restaurant. 29．The ________ (平均的) temperature on Mars is around minus 60 ℃ throughout the year. 30．Your phone receives the ________ (信号) and compares it to the time of arrival. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．上网时你应该保护你的个人信息。 You should protect your ________ ________ when surfing the Internet. 32．起初，我只是为了转移注意力才游泳的。 At first, I swam just to ________ my mind ________ things. 33．薯片是无意中被发明的。 Potato chips were invented _______ ________. 34．我们应该按时完成任务，不能错过最后期限。 We should finish the task on time and mustn’t ________ the ________. 35．他花了整个周末修改那篇报告的草稿。 He spent the whole weekend ________ the ________ of the report. 36．我们必须分析所有的数据，然后才能得出结论。 We have to ________ all the data before we can ________ ________ ________. 37．这个实验是为了验证那个假设而进行的。 This experiment was ________ ________ to test the hypothesis. 38．大家都害怕了，开始向四面八方跑去。 Everybody got scared and began to run ____________. 39．当他们处于困境中时，他们没有放弃。 They didn’t ____________ when they were in trouble. 40．自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ____________, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 A successful failure On 13 April 1970, everything was looking good for the astronauts on Apollo13. Two days earlier, James Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise 41 (leave) the earth to go to the moon. They rode in their spaceship’s command module (令). Suddenly, there was 42 loud noise. Part of their spaceship blew up. Oxygen escaped rapidly from the command module. They could not live 43 enough oxygen. They also needed oxygen to help power the command module. Without enough oxygen and power, there’s no way to return home. Yet, they were not alone. Engineers on earth began working on 44 (they) problems. With the 45 (engineer) help, the three men closed down the command module and went to the lunar module. The lunar module had plenty of oxygen, but not enough power, so the engineers found ways to help them 46 (save) power. Then, their increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air became an issue. The engineers tried hard 47 discovered how to solve the problem. Finally, the engineers helped them get power to the command module so they could 48 (go) back to earth in it. After the three men on Apollo 13 came back to earth, their journey 49 (call) “a successful failure” by NASA．It was a failure because they didn’t set foot on the moon. But it was also a success since all of the men came home 50 (safe)—because of the excellent work of the whole team. A rocket is rising from a ship in the Yellow Sea. It is the Long March 11-HY2—the 51 (ten) member of the Long March 11 family. It 52 (send) nine satellites into orbit (轨道) on Sept. 15, Xinhua reported. This was China’s second sea-based launch mission (海上发射任务). The first one took place in June 2019. China is the third country 53 (have) a sea launch following the US and Russia. The Long March 11-HY2 is around 20 meters in 54 (long). With a diameter (直径) of 2 meters, it weighs about 58 tons (吨). 55 (science) mainly use it to carry small satellites. It can take many satellites into orbit at 56 same time. 57 is on the rocket? Among the nine satellites on the Long March 11-HY2, three are for taking videos and six are for 58 (take) photos. Each of the satellites is about 42 kg. They will work for users in more fields, such as agriculture and environmental 59 (protect), China Daily reported. One of the satellites works for China’s popular video-sharing platform (平台) Bilibili. The satellite 60 (take) videos and pictures for scientific studies in the future. $