高考冲刺专题训练 人物介绍 -2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以“人物介绍”为核心话题，整合多领域人物语篇与语言知识，构建“语篇理解-语言运用-素养提升”的系统性训练体系。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇（经济学家/建筑师/医生/发明家）|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|以人物贡献与品质为线索，串联跨学科知识，培养文化意识与思维品质| |七选五/完形/语法填空|各1篇（成功特质/阅读推广/芭蕾文化）|篇章结构、语境词汇、语法应用|从语篇结构到语言要素，强化语言能力与学习能力| |单元巩固小测|构词/词汇/句型等5类|基础夯实与写作迁移|衔接阅读输入与写作输出，形成知识应用闭环|

高考冲刺：人物介绍专题训练 话题导航：高考中涉及“人物介绍”话题的文章主要包括两个角度：对社会有突出贡献(contribution)的人物，以及具备优秀品行、正确的人生态度（attitude）的普通人。此类话题涵盖的范围十分广阔，时间上跨越古今，空间上遍及全球，包括个人经历与成就（achievement）、历史人物与历史事件、文学艺术领域的人物、科技创新领域的人物、社会活动家和慈善家等。该类语篇有助于引导学生深入思考人格品质（quality）和性格特征（character）对事业、生活乃至整个社会的影响，促进学生形成积极向上的生活态度和认真务实的学习和工作精神。 A Throughout history, several economists have contributed greatly to the field of economics and changed society. Adam Smith (1723-1790) Adam Smith is best known for An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which is one of the earliest and the most famous works on industry and commerce. Smith's arguments against mercantilism (重商主义) and in favor of free trade were a challenge to much of the protectionism that was influential in the mid- 18th century. Today, he's often called "the father of modern economics". In a globalized world, imagine how much slower life would be, had free, open trade not been encouraged. David Ricardo (1772-1823) Ricardo joined his father to work on the London Stock Exchange at the age of 14 and quickly became successful. After reading Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, he took an interest in economics. Ricardo is best known for the belief that nations should specialize for the greater good. He also carried forward the argument against protectionism, and showed that landlords seizing wealth at the expense of laborers was not beneficial for society. Alfred Marshall (1842-1924) Marshall is credited with attempting to apply mathematics to economics to turn economics into more of a science than a philosophy. Despite his emphasis on math, Marshall spared no effort to make his work accessible to regular people; his Economics of Industry became widely used in England as a curriculum. He also spent almost 10 years working on the more scientific Principles of Economics, which proved to be his most important work. John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) The six- foot- six Brit accepted a lectureship at Cambridge that was personally funded by Alfred Marshall, whose supply and demand curves were the basis for much of Keynes' work. He is particularly remembered for advocating government monetary policy to reduce the negative effects of economic depressions and booms. His influential work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, advocated government intervention to promote consumption and investing. It also pushed to relieve the global Great Depression that was spreading at the time. 1. What did Adam Smith and David Ricardo have in common? A. Working on the London Stock Exchange. B. Specializing in the study of mercantilism. C. Becoming successful at a young age. D. Being opposed to protectionism. 2. How was Alfred Marshall different from the other economists? A. He made economics more scientific. B. He focused on practical applications. C. He designed a university curriculum. D. He wrote many works on economics. 3. What is John Maynard Keynes most famous for? A. Facilitating the relief of economic depressions. B. Developing supply and demand curves. C. Designing government monetary policy. D. Restricting consumption and investment. B I. M. Pei, who died at 102, was a dominant figure in architecture for over half a century. He designed some of the finest buildings around the world. No one was surprised when he became one of the first winners of the Pritzker Prize. Born in Guangzhou in 1917 to a wealthy banking family, I. M. Pei knew from an early age that he wanted to create buildings. To that end he came as a teenager to the United States and trained in modernism at MIT and Harvard, where he was mentored by Walter Gropius, one of the masters of the International Style. But the style that most defined I. M. Pei's practice was not so much the International Style as Brutalism (粗野主义). So- called because its favored material was raw, unfaced concrete and also because it favored simple, aggressive volumes. Disruption (颠覆) was the entire point. I. M. Pei, however, altered it into a medium of elegance, and it is difficult not to feel that there must be some connection between that mood and the friendly elegance of his own manners. Perhaps his most remarkable achievement in the United States was the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art on the Washington Mall. It was this wing that brought him to the attention of Francois Mitterand, the president of France, who had just decided to expand and fundamentally transform the Louvre. I. M. Pei's most visible intervention in that great institution was the Pyramid, which, in its perfect combination of formal beauty, functionality and symbolic significance, may well represent the single most impressive stroke of genius in the architecture of the past half century. But an even greater achievement was the less obvious transformation of how the world's largest and most famous museum functioned: what had seemed for generations to be a dangerous labyrinth (迷宫) was suddenly reborn as an open, spacious place of high culture that now lifted the spirits of all who entered. That achievement by itself will surely be enough to secure I. M. Pei's place as one of the most outstanding architects of the 20th century. 4. What can be learned about I. M. Pei from Paragraph 2? A. He was a born architect. B. He was popular at MIT. C. He was famous before graduation. D. He was ambitious from childhood. 5. What characterizes I. M. Pei's approach to Brutalism? A. Display of destructive elements. B. Addition of an elegant feel. C. Adoption of new materials. D. Inclusion of the International Style. 6. What major transformation did I. M. Pei bring to the Louvre? A. The combination of traditional and modern style. B. The upgrade of its accessibility and atmosphere. C. The redesign of its overall appearance. D. The expansion of its space and collection. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. The architectural practice of I. M. Pei. B. The impact of I. M. Pei on modern architecture. C. The life and achievements of I. M. Pei. D. The cultural significance of I. M. Pei's designs. C Dr. Mary Walker was the first female surgeon of the U.S. and served near the front lines of the Civil War. Her accomplishments, including being the only female recipient of the Medal of Honor, made Walker a living symbol of women's independence. Born on November 26, 1832, in Oswego, New York, Dr. Walker grew up in a home where education was valued. Her parents encouraged curiosity and built a school on their property. Both parents dealt with illness and read medical books to learn about the human body. Her father's belief in personal hygiene (卫生) profoundly influenced Mary from an early age. In December 1853, she was accepted into Syracuse Medical College, one of a few U.S. medical schools that admitted women. She excelled and graduated with a medical doctorate on February 20, 1855. Dr. Walker was the only woman in her graduating class. That same year she married classmate Albert Miller, spurning tradition by keeping her family name and refusing to recite the word "obey" during her vows. However, it was the outbreak of the Civil War that truly provided her with the platform to demonstrate her medical prowess. Setting up a joint medical practice in New York, Dr. Walker faced prejudice against female doctors. However, the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 provided an opportunity to serve her country. Wearing men's clothes for practicality, she fearlessly volunteered as a medical assistant, tending to wounded soldiers on the battlefield. Her courage caught the military's eye, and in 1863, she became the first female surgeon in the army. While serving as an assistant surgeon with the North, Dr. Walker often crossed enemy lines to treat people in need in the South. On April 10, 1864, Southern troops arrested her and accused her of being a spy. They put her into prison and the conditions were awful. On August 12, 1864, Dr. Walker was part of a prisoner exchange. After her release, she returned to her role as a surgeon, tirelessly serving until the war's end in 1865. President Andrew Johnson recognized her incredible service and awarded her the Medal of Honor, making her the first woman ever to receive such an honor. 8. What caused Dr. Walker to pursue a medical career? A. Exposure to medical books. B. Influence from her parents. C. Curiosity about illnesses. D. Practice of hygiene principles. 9. What does the underlined word "spurning" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Defending. B. Establishing. C. Continuing. D. Rejecting. 10. What did the Civil War mean to Dr. Walker's career? A. A fight against prejudice. B. The test of her medical skills. C. A chance to be recognized. D. The closing of her clinic. 11. Which of the following can best describe Dr. Walker? A. Sensitive and professional. B. Courageous and determined. C. Intelligent and cooperative. D. Modest and devoted. D In the scientific history, few rivalries (竞争) have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation. The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit. Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas. Edison, already an established inventor and entrepreneur, recognized Tesla's talent and employed him at his company, the Edison Machine Works. It was during Tesla's time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant method for electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances. The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. Tesla, backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC- powered system. This success crushed Edison's claims of DC's superiority, leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission (传输). However, due to Edison's influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety and long-distance transmission capability, Tesla's AC system was famously used to transmit power from Niagara Falls to Buffalo, proving that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world. While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla's AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that "Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem". Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as "one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen" while Tesla praised Edison's contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (产生共鸣) today. 12. In which aspect did Tesla's and Edison's views on electrical system differ? A. The source of electrical power. B. The invention of electrical devices. C. The efficiency of power generation. D. The method of electrical transmission. 13. How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power? A. By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls. B. By displaying AC-powered lighting in a community. C. By getting support from George Westinghouse. D. By highlighting the limitations of DC power. 14. Why did Tesla's AC system finally achieve success? A. It provided higher voltage outputs. B. It was easier to operate and maintain. C. It had superior long-range performance. D. It received more financial backing. 15. What message does the author want to convey in the text? A. Every cloud has a silver lining. B. Real knowledge comes from practice. C. A rising tide lifts all boats. D. Rivalry fuels progress. 七选五 Psychologists have long been interested in what sets successful people apart from the rest of us. After years of research, key characteristics shared by all Super Successful People (SSPs) are identified as follows. _____16____SSPs are very enthusiastic about their work and they love what they do. The enthusiasm drives people to achieve their goals and reach new levels of success. They are driven by a sense of purpose. SSPs know what they want and they have a strong sense of purpose that drives them forward. Whether it's making an impact in the world or providing for their family, they are motivated by something deeper than just money or fame. They have the ability to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions. ____17______ They are resilient (有复原力的). SSPs are known for their resilience in the face of adversity. Whether they encounter a setback in their personal lives or professional careers, they always find a way to pick themselves up and keep going. ___18____ They know that these are just part of the journey to success and they don't let them get in the way of their goals. They are disciplined. SSPs always exhibit a high degree of self- control and willpower in everything they do. ____19_____Whether it's waking up early, eating healthily, or getting enough exercise, they always take the necessary steps to achieve their goals. SSPs are also highly adaptable. ___20____ They are able to stay on top of changes in their industry and keep up with new trends and developments. A. They are passionate. B. They are motivated by needs to meet. C. They are able to bounce back from problems and failures. D. Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. E. They're able to stay focused on their goals no matter what happens. F. They are extremely disciplined in their work habits and personal routines. G. It means they are able to accommodate change and remain flexible in their approach. 完形填空 In 2013, Alvin Irby, a teacher, started Barbershop Books. He wanted to ___21__ boys who were bored waiting for their turns in the barbershop to read for fun, on their own. Since then, this __22___program has brought more than 50,000 free children's books to more than 200 barbershops across the U.S. Irby's program may seem straightforward, but there's a lot of__23___ behind it. He puts a colorful and kid- sized bookshelf in each shop, making it___24___ to children. The books displayed are all___25___ chosen based on recommendations from boys aged 4 to 8, his target ____26___. For Irby, the most important___27___ of a book is that it should be fun to read. Irby involves the___28___ in his mission- - training them to engage boys in reading. Denny Moe was the first to work with Irby. Moe had___29___ offered video games at his shop to bring in extra income.___30____ he was willing to give up that. "I decided to pay it forward by putting books in here, just to get the kids"___31____ going," he said. Irby's group now also ___32___ libraries and school districts. His program is in nearly 60 cities, ___33___ more than 10,000 children a year. But the___34___of his program remains in barbershops. "I'm just excited that we get to create a safe space to do something that's really life changing," he said. "That's what I really believe reading is. It ___35___ potential." 21. A. encourage B. instruct C. recommend D. demand 22. A. Interactive B. dynamic C. non-profit D. worldwide 23. A. creativity B. thought C. analysis D. pleasure 24. A. inviting B. rewarding C. challenging D. convincing 25. A. willingly B. quickly C. easily D. purposely 26. A. community B. customers C. audience D. staff 27. A. quality B. chapter C. innovation D. appearance 28. A. students B. barbers C. colleagues D. teachers 29. A. helpfully B. generously C. previously D. sincerely 30. A. however B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Besides 31. A. confidence B. discipline C. legs D. minds 32. A. applies to B. learns from C. partners with D. adapts to 33. A. saving B. investigating C. sampling D. impacting 34. A. profit B. core C. assessment D. management 35. A. guarantees B. unlocks C. holds D. stabilizes 语法填空 The Royal Ballet is one of the great ballet companies of the world. Under the leadership of Director Kevin O'Hare, grand balletic tradition and distinguished heritage____1____ (unite) with innovation, daring and exceptional standards of artistry,___2____ (creative) and stagecraft to produce supreme theatre. It is a beacon (灯塔) in the cultural life of Britain and a____3_____ (drive) force behind the development of ballet as an art form. From the Company's base at the Royal Opera House in London's Covent Garden, today's most dynamic and multi- skilled dancers come together with a world- class orchestra and leading choreographers (编舞家), composers, conductors, designers and creative teams____4____ (share) an awe- inspiring theatrical experience with diverse_____5_____(viewer) worldwide. The Company's commitment____6____ enriching people's lives through ballet is reflected in the deep relationships___7____ are developed through digital and learning platforms and international touring. The extensive repertory (保留剧目轮演) of The Royal Ballet follows_____8____unique course from 19th- century classics to compelling (扣人心弦的) new works. Along with ___9____ (innovate) commissions and choreographic initiatives across the main stage and Linbury Theatre and strong links with The Royal Ballet School, the Company___10____ (continue) to refresh and give us surprise. Keys: 阅读理解：DAA DBBC BDCD DACD 七选五：AECFG 完形填空： ACBAD CABCA DCDBB 语法填空： 1. are united 2. creativity 3. driving 4. to share 5. viewers 6. to 7. which / that 8. a 9. innovative 10. continues / is continuing 单元巩固小测 一、构词法：根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. economy (n.) _________ (n.经济学家) 2. special (adj.) _________ (v.专业化) 3. symbol (n.) _________ (adj.象征的) 4. space (n.) _________ (adj.宽的) 5. extend (v.) _________ (adj.大量的) 6. commit (v.) _________ (n.投入) 7. dare (v.) _________ (adj.大胆的) 8. recommend (v.) _________ (n.推荐) 9. invent (v.) _________ (n.发明家); _________ (adj.有创意的) 二、阅读词汇：写出下列句子中划线部分精准的汉语释义。 1. I. M. Pei, who died at 102, was a dominant figure in architecture for over half a century. (B-1) 2. Setting up a joint medical practice in New York, Dr. Walker faced prejudice against female doctors. (C-4) 3. Tesla, backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system. (D-4) 4. AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. (D-5) 5. Tesla proved once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world. (D-5) 6. They are able to accommodate to change and remain flexible in their approach. (E-6) 三、写作词汇：根据汉语和首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, sought opportunities to work on his a_________ (宏大的) ideas. (D-2) 2. Tesla saw the p_________ (潜力) of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater e_________ (效率) over longer distances. (D-3) 3. Whether they e_________ (遇到) a setback in their personal lives or professional careers, they always find a way to pick themselves up and keep going. (E-4) 4. Under the leadership of Director Kevin O'Hare, grand balletic tradition and d_________ (杰出的) heritage united with innovation, daring and e_________ (卓越的) standards of artistry, creativity and stagecraft to produce supreme theatre. (G-1) 四、写作词块：根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。 1. Smith's arguments against mercantilism and __________ (支持) free trade were a challenge to much of the protectionism. (A) 2. He showed that landlords seizing wealth __________ (以....为代价) laborers was not beneficial for society. (A) 3. Marshall __________ (被归功为) attempting to apply mathematics to economics. (A) 4. Marshall __________ (不遗余力) make his work accessible to regular people. (A) 5. The famous museum was suddenly reborn as an open, spacious place of high culture that now __________ (振奋精神) of all who entered. (B-5) 6. SSPs __________ (热衷于) their work and they love what they do. (E-2) 7. They are able to stay on top of changes in their industry and __________ (跟上) new trends and developments. (E-6) 五、写作句型：根据划线部分提示，仿写句子。 1. It was during Tesla's time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. (D-3) 就是在那天，他才意识到他儿子需要的仅仅是陪伴。(nothing but) 2. Whether it's making an impact in the world or providing for their family, they are motivated by something deeper than just money or fame. (E-3) 不管是说还是写，高质量的输入才能确保高质量的输出。（应用文- 建议信） 单元巩固小测答案 一、1. economist 2. specialize 3. symbolic 4. spacious 5. extensive 6. commitment 7. daring 8. recommendation 9. inventor; inventive 二、1. 举足轻重的人物 2. 诊所 3. 展示；优越性 4. 不予理会；不可靠的 5. 彻底地 6. 适应... 三、1. ambitious 2. potential; efficiency 3. encounter 4. distinguished; exceptional 四、1. in favor of 2. at the expense of 3. is credited with 4. spared no effort to 5. lifted the spirits 6. are enthusiastic about 7. keep up with 五、1. It was on that day that he realized (that) what his son needed was nothing but company / his son needed nothing but company. 2. Whether it is speaking or writing, quality input ensures quality output. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $