Unit 6 Then and now （易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语外研版三起五年级下册（新教材）

Unit 6 Then and now 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点05 介词短语的固定搭配 高频易错点04 情景交际（描述过去与现在的变化） 高频易错点03 there be句型的过去时与现在时对比 高频易错点02 一般过去时实义动词规则/不规则变化 高频易错点01 一般过去时与一般现在时对比（系动词） 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 询问与描述问题的句型高频易错点01 通过系动词的时态变化来对比过去与现在的状态，是描述事物变化最基础、最常用的句型。系动词包括be动词（am/is/are/was/were）和感官系动词（look, sound, taste等）。 1.The streets were full of bikes 30 years ago. Now the streets are still full of bikes. 2.It looks the same in Grandpa's old photos. 3.The journey to school was hard and dangerous in the past. 核心结构： 过去状态：主语 + was/were + 形容词/介词短语 现在状态：主语 + is/are/looks/sounds + 形容词/介词短语 易错点提示 1.was用于单数主语和不可数名词，were用于复数主语； 2.感官系动词的一般现在时第三人称单数要加-s（如look→looks）； 3.对比过去与现在时，两个句子的系动词时态必须对应，不能混淆。 小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. Our school ______ very small 20 years ago, but now it ______ one of the best schools in the city. A. is; was B. was; is C. were; are 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D. are; were ( )2. The river ______ very dirty 10 years ago, but now it ______ clear again after the government's effort. A. was; is B. is; was C. were; are D. are; were ( )3. —How ______ the party last night? —It ______ very wonderful. We all had a good time. —Yes, I can’t find my schoolbag. A. is; is B. was; was C. are; were D. were; were ( )4. These old stamps ______ very old, but they ______ very valuable now. —He _______ a big problem with his project. A. is; are B. are; are C. was; were D. were; are ( )5. This kind of radio ______ very popular in the 1990s, but now almost no one uses it. —I can’t get on well with my deskmate. A. is B. was C. are D. were 二、语法填空题 1.The library ______ (be) closed yesterday, but it ______ (be) open today. 2.My grandparents ______ (be) farmers 30 years ago, and they ______ (be) still used to living in the countryside now. 3.The cake ______ (taste) delicious yesterday, and it ______ (taste) still good today. 4.There ______ (be) no hospitals in the town before, but now there ______ (be) two big hospitals. 5.The music ______ (sound) beautiful when we listened to it last night. 点拨 一、单项选择 1.B 解析：20 years ago为过去时间，主语school是单数，用was；now为现在时间，用is，符合时态用法。 2.A 解析：10 years ago表示过去，主语river为单数用was；now表示现在，使用is区分今昔状态。 3.B 解析：last night是过去时间标志，主语party为单数，问句和答句均统一使用was。 4.D 解析：stamps是复数名词，过去状态用were；now表现在，复数主语搭配are。 5.B 解析：in the 1990s是过去年代，主语this kind为单数，一般过去时用was。 二、语法填空 1.was；is 解析：yesterday表过去，单数主语搭配was；today为现在时间，用is遵循时态变化。 2.were；are 解析：30 years ago表过去，复数主语用were；now为现在，复数主语使用are。 3.tasted；tastes 解析：yesterday用动词过去式tasted；现在时态主语为单数，谓语动词变tastes。 4.were；are 解析：before表示从前，复数名词搭配were；now有两所医院，复数形式用are。 5.sounded 解析：last night为过去时间，感官动词sound需变为过去式sounded。 请求帮助的句型高频易错点02 实义动词的一般过去时用于描述过去发生的动作或经历，分为规则变化和不规则变化两类，是表达过去事件的核心语法点。 1.We left Beijing in the morning and got to Xi'an in time for lunch. 2.He gave up a good life in the city and worked hard to plant trees. 3.The Daliang Mountains became a green world after 22 years. 核心变化： 规则变化：直接加-ed（work→worked, travel→travelled）；以e结尾加-d（live→lived）；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed（stop→stopped） 不规则变化：需重点记忆（leave→left, get→got, give→gave, make→made, become→became） 并列动作：and连接的两个过去动作，时态保持一致 易错点提示 1.不规则动词过去式无固定规律，避免写成规则形式（如把left写成leaved）； 2.一般过去时的疑问句和否定句中，助动词did后必须接动词原形； 3.以y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed（如study→studied）。 小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. The old scientist ______ his research at the age of 60 and ______ it until he passed away. A. start; didn't stop 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B. started; didn't stop C. started; don't stop D. start; don't stop ( )2. We ______ to the top of Mount Emei last summer and ______ the amazing sea of clouds there. A. hike; see B. hiked; saw C. hikes; sees D. hiking; seeing ( )3. The young man ______ all his savings to help the poor children in the mountain area last year. —Yes, I can help you check it after class. A. give B. gives C. gave D. giving ( )4. —Did you ______ the story that your grandma told you about her childhood? —Yes, it was very touching. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. hears ( )5. The villagers ______ many new houses in the past 5 years and ______ their living conditions greatly. —Yes, he can’t work out this math problem. A. build; improve B. built; improved C. builds; improves D. building; improving 二、语法填空题 1.She ______ (take) out her old photo album and ______ (show) me pictures of her childhood yesterday. 2.We ______ (plant) 50 trees in the park last Tree Planting Day and ______ (water) them carefully. 3.The little girl ______ (drop) her ice cream on the ground and ______ (cry) loudly. 4.My uncle ______ (leave) his job in the city last year and ______ (move) back to his hometown to farm. 5.Our hometown ______ (change) a lot since the high-speed train station was built. 点拨 一、单项选择题 1.B 解析：at the age of 60提示用一般过去时，start的过去式是started；否定句用didn't + 动词原形stop。 2.B 解析：last summer提示用一般过去时，hike的过去式是hiked，see的过去式是saw。 3.C 解析：last year提示用一般过去时，give的过去式是gave。 4.A 解析：一般疑问句中助动词did后接动词原形hear。 5.B 解析：in the past 5 years提示用一般过去时，build的过去式是built，improve的过去式是improved。 二、语法填空题 1.took; showed 解析：yesterday提示用一般过去时，take的过去式是took，show的过去式是showed。 2.planted; watered 解析：last Tree Planting Day提示用一般过去时，两个并列动作用过去式。 3.dropped; cried 解析：描述过去发生的动作，drop的过去式是dropped，cry的过去式是cried。 4.left; moved 解析：last year提示用一般过去时，leave的过去式是left，move的过去式是moved。 5.has changed 解析：since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，主语是单数，用has changed。 there be句型的过去时与现在时对比高频易错点03 there be句型表示“某地有某物/某人”，本单元重点考查其一般过去时与一般现在时的对比，通过be动词的时态变化体现过去与现在事物的存在差异。 1.There were many people in the teahouse 30 years ago. 2.There are lots of buildings and roads in my hometown today. 3.There was only a small school in the village in the past. 核心结构： 现在时：There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词；There are + 复数可数名词 过去时：There was + 单数可数名词/不可数名词；There were + 复数可数名词易错点提示 1.be动词单复数遵循“就近原则”，由后面紧跟的名词决定； 2.时态必须与时间状语（in the past, today, 30 years ago等）保持一致； 3.变否定句在be动词后加not，变一般疑问句将be动词提前。 小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. ______ a small lake near my house 10 years ago, but now it has been turned into a park. A. There is B. There was C. There are D. There were ( )2. ______ many electric cars on the road now, but ______ almost none 10 years ago. A. There are; there were B. There were; there are C. There is; there was D. There was; there is ( )3. —______ any cinemas in your town 20 years ago? —No, there weren't. People had to go to the city to watch movies. A. Are there B. Is there C. Were there D. Was there ( )4. ______ a coffee shop and two bookstores on this street now. A. There is B. There are C. There was D. There were ( )5. ______ many old houses in this area in the past, and most of them have been rebuilt now. A. There is B. There are C. There was D. There were 二、语法填空题 1.______ (there be) no WeChat or TikTok 20 years ago. 2.______ (there be) a new sports center in our community next month? 3.There ______ (be) some bread and three eggs on the table this morning. 4.______ (there be) many birds in the forest every spring. 5.There ______ (be not) any supermarkets in the village 15 years ago, so people had to buy things in the town. 点拨 一、单项选择题 1.B 解析：10 years ago提示用一般过去时，a small lake是单数，用there was。 2.A 解析：now提示第一空用一般现在时，many electric cars是复数用there are；10 years ago提示第二空用一般过去时，用there were。 3.C 解析：20 years ago提示用一般过去时，any cinemas是复数，一般疑问句用were there。 4.A 解析：there be句型遵循就近原则，a coffee shop是单数，用there is。 5.D 解析：in the past提示用一般过去时，many old houses是复数，用there were。 二、语法填空题 1.There were 解析：20 years ago提示用一般过去时，WeChat and TikTok是复数概念，用there were。 2.Will there be 解析：next month提示用一般将来时，there be的将来时是there will be。 3.was 解析：this morning提示用一般过去时，就近原则some bread是不可数名词，用was。 4.There are 解析：every spring提示用一般现在时，many birds是复数，用there are。 5.weren't 解析：15 years ago提示用一般过去时，any supermarkets是复数，否定形式用weren't。 情景交际（描述过去与现在的变化）高频易错点04 本单元情景交际围绕“过去与现在的变化”展开，涵盖询问变化、描述变化和表达对变化的感受三大核心功能，是日常交流中对比事物发展的常用句型。 —Which changes surprised you most? —The high-speed trains. They make travel faster. In the past, there weren't many buildings. Today, there are lots of buildings and roads. The journey to school was hard and dangerous, but now it is safe and easy. 核心结构： 询问变化：Which changes surprised you most? / How do the changes change your life? 描述变化：In the past, + 一般过去时句子. Now/Today, + 一般现在时句子. 转折对比：用but连接过去与现在的状态，突出差异 易错点提示 1.时态必须对应：描述过去的动作用一般过去时，描述现在的动作用一般现在时； 2.回答Which changes...?时需具体指出变化的事物，不能笼统回答； 3.表达感受常用“make + 宾语 + 形容词”结构，如make life easier。 小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. —______ —The online shopping. It makes buying things much more convenient. A. How do you usually go shopping now? B. Which changes in your life surprised you most? C. When did online shopping become popular? D. Why do you like online shopping? ( )2. In the past, people cooked with coal, ______ now most families use natural gas. 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A. and B. but C. so D. or ( )3. —______ —They make it easier for us to communicate with people far away. A. How do smartphones change our life? B. What changes do you want in the future? C. Which invention do you like best? D. When were smartphones invented? ( )4. —What was your school like 10 years ago? —______ A. It is very big and beautiful now. B. There was only one teaching building and no playground. C. We have a big library and a gym now. D. I love my school very much now. ( )5. —What do you think of the shared bikes? —______ A. They appeared in our city 7 years ago. B. I ride them to school every day. C. They solve the "last mile" problem for people. D. There are many different brands of shared bikes now. 二、语法填空题 1.—Which ______ (change) in your hometown do you think is the most important? —The new high-speed train station. 2.In the past, people ______ (watch) black-and-white TVs, but now we have smart TVs. 3.The new subway lines make ______ (go) to work much faster for people. 4.—How ______ (do) these changes make you feel? —I feel very proud of our country. 5.Life was much ______ (simple) 30 years ago, but now it is more colorful. 点拨 一、单项选择题 1.B 解析：答语具体指出了“网购”这一变化，对应问句询问“最让你惊讶的变化”。 2.B 解析：前后两句是过去与现在的对比，用but表转折关系。 3.A 解析：答语说明了智能手机对生活的影响，对应问句询问“如何改变生活”。 4.B 解析：问句询问10年前学校的样子，需用一般过去时描述过去的状态。 5.C 解析：问句询问对共享单车的看法，答语应说明其带来的好处或影响。 二、语法填空题 1.change 解析：which后接单数名词，指“哪一个变化”。 2.watched 解析：in the past提示用一般过去时，watch的过去式是watched。 3.going 解析：make后接动名词作宾语，意为“使做某事变得……”。 4.do 解析：主语these changes是复数，一般现在时助动词用do。 5.simpler 解析：much修饰形容词比较级，simple的比较级是simpler。 介词短语的固定搭配高频易错点05 描述过去与现在生活场景的核心语言工具，主要分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和固定动词搭配四类，用于精准表达动作发生的时间、地点、方式及逻辑关系。 We left Beijing in the morning and got to Xi'an in time for lunch. On the mountain top, there is a small school on the way to the town. He worked hard to make the mountains green for 22 years. 核心用法： 时间类：in + 泛指早中晚/年份；for + 时间段（表动作持续时长） 地点类：on + 具体地点表面（山顶/路面）；below + 参照物（表下方位置） 方式类：on + 交通工具（shared bikes/high-speed trains） 固定搭配：full of（充满）、in time for（及时赶上）、travel around（环游）、learn about（了解） 易错点提示 1.易混淆in和on：in用于泛指的早中晚，on用于具体某一天的早中晚或特定平面地点； 2.for + 时间段只能与延续性动词连用，不能与leave、arrive等瞬间动词搭配； 3.固定搭配介词不可替换，如full of不能写成full with，in time for不能写成on time for。小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. My grandma usually drinks tea ______ the afternoon, but last Sunday she drank it ______ a rainy morning. A. in; in B. on; in C. in; on D. on; on ( )2. We travelled ______ Sichuan last winter and stopped ______ a century-old teahouse in Leshan. A. around; at B. to; in C. around; in D. to; at ( )3. The volunteer teacher worked in the mountain school ______ 15 years and never gave up. A. in B. for C. since D. at ( )4. ______ the way back home, we found a lost cat and sent it to the animal shelter. A. In B. At C. On D. By ( )5. Now people can cross the Yangtze River ______ the new bridge, which saves a lot of time. A. on B. by C. in D. with 二、语法填空题 1.The old box is full ______ letters that my grandpa wrote to my grandma 50 years ago. 2.We ran to the bus stop just ______ time for the last bus to the city center. 3.Kids can learn a lot ______ the history of China by visiting museums. 4.There is a beautiful waterfall ______ the mountain and the village below. 5.The first time capsule was sent ______ space in 1977 by NASA. 点拨 一、单项选择题 1.C 解析：泛指的下午用in the afternoon；具体某一天的早上用on a rainy morning。 2.A 解析：travel around是固定搭配，意为“环游某地”；stop at后接小地点，指“在某地短暂停留”。 3.B 解析：for + 15 years表示动作持续15年，符合延续性动词worked的用法。 4.C 解析：on the way to是固定搭配，意为“在去……的路上”。 5.A 解析：on the bridge表示“在桥上”，指在具体的交通工具/设施表面通行。 二、语法填空题 1.of 解析：full of是固定搭配，意为“充满……”。 2.in 解析：in time for是固定搭配，意为“及时赶上……”。 3.about 解析：learn about是固定搭配，意为“了解……”。 4.between 解析：between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。 5.into 解析：send into是固定搭配，意为“送入……”。 综合训练 一、单项选择题 ( )1. —______ did you do during the winter vacation? —I visited my grandparents in the countryside and saw many changes there. 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A. Where B. What C. When D. How ( )2. —______ was your life different 20 years ago? —People didn't have smartphones and the Internet was not popular. A. Why B. Who C. How D. What ( )3. There ______ no tall buildings in this area 15 years ago, but now there ______ many skyscrapers. A. were; are B. are; were C. was; is D. is; was ( )4. My father ______ to work by bike 10 years ago, but now he ______ the subway. A. goes; takes B. went; takes C. went; took D. goes; took ( )5. We ______ protect the environment, because it is important for our future. A. should B. can C. will D. did ( )6. After finishing the volunteer work, all of us ______ tired but happy. A. am B. is C. were D. are ( )7. —Did you ______ the changes in your hometown when you went back last year? —Yes, I could hardly believe my eyes. A. notice B. noticed C. noticing D. notices ( )8. The air ______ much fresher now than it ______ 10 years ago. A. is; is B. was; was C. is; was D. was; is ( )9. —______ can we make our hometown more beautiful? —We can plant more trees and stop throwing rubbish everywhere. A. Why B. Who C. How D. What ( )10. —How did you ______ when you saw the great changes in your school? —I felt very excited and proud. A. feel B. felt C. feels D. feeling 二、语法填空题 1.—What ______ (do) you see in the old photos of your school? —I ______ (see) many old classrooms and a small playground. 2.—______ (be) there a post office near your home 10 years ago? —No, there ______ (be not). People had to go far to send letters. 3.They ______ (not finish) building the new road last month. It will be open next month. 4.We ______ (should) save water and electricity in our daily life. 5.After I heard the news about the great changes in my hometown, I ______ (feel) very happy. 6.—______ (do) you travel to Xi'an by high-speed train last summer? —Yes, it ______ (take) only 3 hours from Chengdu. 7.People ______ (should not) cut down trees. It will make the environment worse. 8.—Why ______ (be) your mother so happy yesterday? —Because she ______ (meet) her old friend whom she hadn't seen for 20 years. 9.The old man ______ (tell) us many stories about the past and ______ (teach) us how to make paper kites. 10.—______ we ______ (go) to visit the old people's home next weekend? —Good idea! We can bring them some fruits and books. 三、句型转换（每空一词） 1.My hometown has changed a lot in the past 10 years. (改为一般疑问句) ______ your hometown ______ a lot in the past 10 years? 2.People used to write letters to keep in touch. (改为否定句) People ______ ______ to write letters to keep in touch. 3.The high-speed trains make travel faster and more convenient. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the high-speed trains make travel? 4.There were many small houses in the village 20 years ago. (改为一般疑问句) ______ ______ many small houses in the village 20 years ago? 5.He lived in a small house when he was a child. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he ______ when he was a child? 四、补全短文（用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空） Last summer, I 1. ______ (go) back to my hometown with my parents. I 2. ______ (be) very surprised to see the great changes there. The last time I 3. ______ (visit) it was 5 years ago. At that time, there 4. ______ (be) only narrow roads and small houses. But now, there 5. ______ (be) wide roads and tall buildings everywhere. A new park 6. ______ (build) in the center of the town. Many people 7. ______ (exercise) there every morning. My grandma 8. ______ (tell) me that a new high-speed train station 9. ______ (open) last year. Now it only 10. ______ (take) one hour to get to the city center. In the past, it 11. ______ (take) three hours by bus. We 12. ______ (walk) around the town and 13. ______ (visit) my old primary school. It 14. ______ (become) much bigger and more beautiful. I 15. ______ (feel) very proud of my hometown. I think it 16. ______ (will) become even better in the future. 综合训练参考答案 一、单项选择题 1. 答案：B 解析：答句描述的是寒假里做的具体事情，对“做什么事”提问要用 What。Where 问地点，When 问时间，How 问方式，都不符合语境。 2. 答案：C 解析：答句说明了20年前生活和现在的差异，是在描述“如何不同”，所以用 How 提问。Why 问原因，Who 问人物，What 问事物，均不匹配。 3. 答案：A 解析：第一空的时间是“15 years ago”（过去），主语“buildings”是复数，be动词用 were；第二空的时间是“now”（现在），主语“skyscrapers”是复数，be动词用 are。 4. 答案：B 解析：第一空的时间是“10 years ago”（过去），动词用过去式 went；第二空的时间是“now”（现在），主语“he”是第三人称单数，动词用 takes。 5. 答案：A 解析：这句话表达的是一种责任和建议，“我们应该保护环境”，所以用情态动词 should。can 表能力，will 表将来，did 是实义动词过去式，都不符合句意。 6. 答案：C 解析：主语“all of us”是复数，且动作发生在过去（完成志愿工作后），所以be动词用过去式的复数形式 were。 7. 答案：A 解析：问句以“Did”开头，是一般过去时的一般疑问句，句中的实义动词必须使用原形，所以选 notice。 8. 答案：C 解析：第一空的时间是“now”（现在），主语“air”是不可数名词，be动词用 is；第二空的时间是“10 years ago”（过去），主语“air”对应的be动词用 was。 9. 答案：C 解析：答句给出了让家乡变美的具体做法，对“方法、方式”提问要用 How。 10. 答案：A 解析：问句以“did”开头，是一般过去时的特殊疑问句，句中的实义动词必须使用原形，所以选 feel。 二、语法填空题 1. did; saw 解析：谈论旧照片里看到的内容，是过去发生的事，要用一般过去时。问句中助动词用 did，答句中动词 see 用过去式 saw。 2. Was; wasn't 解析：时间标志词是 10 years ago，要用一般过去时。a post office 是单数，be动词用 Was；否定回答用 wasn't（was not 的缩写）。 3. didn't finish 解析：时间标志词是 last month，要用一般过去时的否定形式，即 didn't + 动词原形，所以填 didn't finish。 4. should 解析：情态动词 should 没有人称和数的变化，直接用原形，表示“应该”。 5. felt 解析：heard 是过去式，说明整个场景发生在过去，所以 feel 也要用过去式 felt。 6. Did; took 解析：时间标志词是 last summer，要用一般过去时。问句助动词用 Did，答句中 take 用过去式 took。 7. should not / shouldn't 解析：情态动词 should 的否定形式是 should not，缩写为 shouldn't，表示“不应该”。 8. was; met 解析：时间标志词是 yesterday，要用一般过去时。主语 your mother 是单数，be动词用 was；meet 的过去式是 met。 9. told; taught 解析：整个句子描述的是过去发生的事，两个并列的动词都要用过去式。tell 的过去式是 told，teach 的过去式是 taught。 10. Shall; go 解析：这是提出建议的句型 Shall we...?，shall 后面跟动词原形，所以填 Shall; go。 三、句型转换 1.Has; changed　2.didn't use　3.How do　4.Were there　5.Where did; live 1.Has; changed 解析：现在完成时变一般疑问句，将has提前，过去分词changed不变。 2.didn't use 解析：used to的否定形式是didn't use to。 3.How do 解析：对形容词提问用how，一般现在时主语是复数，助动词用do。 4.Were there 解析：there be句型的一般过去时变一般疑问句，将were提前。 5.Where did; live 解析：对地点提问用where，一般过去时疑问句用助动词did，后接动词原形live。 四、补全短文 1.went　2.was　3.visited　4.were　5.are　6.was built　7.exercise　8.told　9.opened　10.takes　11.took　12.walked　13.visited　14.has become　15.felt　16.will 1.went 解析：last summer提示用一般过去时，go的过去式是went，故填went。 2.was 解析：描述过去的感受，主语I用was，故填was。 3.visited 解析：5 years ago提示用一般过去时，visit的过去式是visited，故填visited。 4.were 解析：at that time提示用一般过去时，narrow roads是复数用were，故填were。 5.are 解析：now提示用一般现在时，wide roads是复数用are，故填are。 6.was built 解析：公园是被建造的，用一般过去时的被动语态was built，故填was built。 7.exercise 解析：every morning提示用一般现在时，many people是复数用exercise，故填exercise。 8.told 解析：描述过去发生的动作，tell的过去式是told，故填told。 9.opened 解析：last year提示用一般过去时，open的过去式是opened，故填opened。 10.takes 解析：now提示用一般现在时，it作主语用takes，故填takes。 11.took 解析：in the past提示用一般过去时，take的过去式是took，故填took。 12.walked 解析：描述过去的动作，walk的过去式是walked，故填walked。 13.visited 解析：与walked并列，用visit的过去式visited，故填visited。 14.has become 解析：强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时has become，故填has become。 15.felt 解析：描述过去的感受，feel的过去式是felt，故填felt。 16.will 解析：in the future提示用一般将来时，用will，故填will。 $