专题13 语态（讲义）-2027年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年重庆市（职教高考）《英语学科一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027版重庆市（职教高考）《英语学科一轮讲练测》的第13个专题，内容为语态。 2027版重庆市（高职分类考试） 《一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题13 语态 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点 语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 本专题助力学生掌握英语主动语态、被动语态核心考点：①熟记被动语态am/is/are/was/were/have/has/will + be + 过去分词全套句式结构，明晰各种时态主动与被动语态的变形规则；②掌握被动语态基本用法，重点突破不及物动词无被动、感官 / 使役动词还原 to、带双宾语 / 复合宾语的被动转换三大高频难点；③梳理固定句型、情态动词、短语动词的被动句式变化，辨析主动表被动的特殊固定用法。 本专题衔接时态体系，联动各类时态语态转换规则，厘清主谓关系主动与被动的判定逻辑。2027 年取消单选题后，语态考点深度融入完形填空、短文填空、书面表达，侧重语境中语态判定、句式转换、动词形式变形。学习需熟记各时态被动公式，掌握常考特殊句式变法，区分及物与不及物动词用法差异，强化语篇语境下语态辨析与句式改写专项训练，提升写作与题型应试中的语态规范运用能力。 am/is/are + done 常见时态的被动语态 一般现在时 was/were + done 一般过去时 will be done 一般将来时 被动语态 can/may/must + be done 情态动词 “主 + 谓 + 宾 ”句型的被动语态 主动语态与被动语态的转换 “主 + 谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语”句型的被动语态 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”句型的被动语态 不用被动语态的情况 语态（核心节点） ├─被动语态结构（蓝色分支） │ ├─核心公式：be + 过去分词 │ ├─时态变形 │ │ ├─一般现在时：am/is/are + done │ │ ├─一般过去时：was/were + done │ │ ├─一般将来时：will be + done │ │ ├─过去将来时：would be + done │ │ ├─现在进行时：am/is/are being + done │ │ ├─过去进行时：was/were being + done │ │ ├─现在完成时：have/has been + done │ │ └─过去完成时：had been + done │ └─情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + done ├─被动语态适用场景（绿色分支） │ ├─不知道动作执行者 │ ├─强调动作承受者 │ ├─书面/正式文体 │ └─客观说明、科普句式 ├─高频特殊考点（橙色分支） │ ├─无被动动词 │ │ ├─不及物动词：happen/take place/belong to │ │ └─感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel（主动表被动） │ ├─特殊句式转换 │ │ ├─感官/使役动词：主动省to → 被动还原to │ │ ├─双宾语：两种被动转换方式 │ │ └─短语动词：介词不可省略 │ └─主动表被动 │ ├─物品属性：sell/wash/write 等 │ └─need/want/require + doing 表被动 └─2027考情共性（红色分支） ├─融入完形、短文填空、书面表达 ├─侧重语境语态判定、时态+语态结合 └─易错点：不及物乱用被动、还原to遗漏、doing被动混淆 【考点 语态】 语态是动词的语法形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或接受者。因此，所有被动语态都必须是及物动词，而一些不及物动词是没有被动语态的。 1. 英语中被动语态常用的场合 (1)我们不知道谁是动作的执行者。 如： Look! There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away． 瞧，这里什么都没有，所有的东西都被拿走了。 (2)不必提出动作的执行者，如需指出动作的执行者，可用“by＋动作执行者(宾格)”。 如： The bridge will be built next month. 这座桥将在下个月动工修建。 I was sent to hospital by my classmate. 我被同学送到了医院。 2. 被动语态谓语动词的基本结构：be＋及物动词的过去分词 下表呈现了八种时态和含情态动词的主动语态和被动语态的谓语结构(以do为例)。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will do will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去将来时 would/should do would/should be done 含情态动词 情态动词＋do 情态动词＋be done 3. 如何将主动语态变为被动语态 将主动句的宾语改作被动句的主语，主动句谓语动词变为相应时态的被动句的谓语动词，主动句的主语用by引出或省略。 如：The boy is looking after the cat．→The cat is being looked after (by the boy). 【注】①有两个宾语的动词，如send、 show、 tell、 take、 give、 teach、 write、 sell、 lend、 borrow、 pay、 ask等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个宾语保持不变。直接宾语在前作主语时，间接宾语前要加介词。 如：The manager gave him a job in the post office. →He was given a job in the post office (by the manager). 或A job in the post office was given to him (by the manager). 【注】②感官动词see/hear/watch/notice sb. 如：I noticed him run into the room．→He was noticed to run into the room． He heard her singing in the next room.→She was heard singing in the next room. 【注】③使役动词have、 make、 let在变为被动语态时后面作宾补的不定式要还原为带to的不定式。 如：The boss makes the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers are made to work 12 hours a day. 【即时训练】 单项选择。 1. The new bridge ________ next year. A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. has completed 2. Many trees ________ along the streets every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. have planted 3. The work ________ yesterday. A. finishes B. is finished C. was finished D. will be finished 4. English ________ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. has spoken 5. The病人 ________ to the hospital already. A. takes B. is taken C. has been taken D. will be taken 6. A new movie ________ by them last month. A. makes B. is made C. was made D. has been made 7. The classroom ________ every day by the students. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. has cleaned 8. The meeting ________ tomorrow if it rains. A. will cancel B. cancel C. is cancelled D. will be cancelled 9. The flowers ________ just now. A. water B. are watered C. were watered D. have been watered 10. This kind of car ________ in China since 2010. A. produces B. is produced C. has been produced D. was produced 11. The old house ________ down next week. A. is pulling B. pulls C. will be pulled D. has pulled 12. The cake ________ by my grandmother yesterday. A. makes B. made C. was made D. has made 13. More attention should ________ to the pronunciation. A. pay B. be paid C. have paid D. paying 14. A new library ________ in our school at present. A. builds B. is built C. is being built D. has built 15. The computer ________ by a young man. A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. invents 16. The problem ________ at the meeting now. A. discusses B. is discussing C. is being discussed D. has discussed 17. The invitation ________ to her already. A. sends B. has sent C. has been sent D. will be sent 18. The baby ________ by his mother at home every day. A. looks after B. is looked after C. looked after D. has looked after 19. The mistakes ________ just now by the teacher. A. pointed out B. were pointed out C. have pointed out D. point out 20. The project ________ by the end of last month. A. completed B. has completed C. had been completed D. was completed 真题1 [2023年重庆某高职院校单招模拟试题] The young man ________ not to tell a lie before his parents. A. always tell  B. is told always  C. is always told  D. always is told 真题2 [2024年重庆科技职业学院单招英语模拟试题] It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped ________ in a traffic accident last month. A. killing  B. being killed  C. to be killed  D. to kill 真题3 [2026年重庆工信职业学院《英语》单招模拟试题] English ________ in many countries around the world. A. is spoken  B. is speak  C. is spoke  D. is speaking 真题4 [2023年重庆某高职院校单招模拟试题] The classroom ________ every day by the students. A. cleans  B. is cleaned  C. cleaned  D. has cleaned 真题5 [2024年重庆高职分类考试文化素质模拟卷] The school was ________ in 1990. A. built  B. building  C. builds  D. build 真题6 [2025年重庆高职院校分类招生考试全真模拟试题] The Great Wall ________ by thousands of people every year. A. visits  B. visited  C. is visited  D. was visited 真题7 [2023年重庆某高职院校单招模拟试题] Based on the agreement, all payments ________ made by the end of the month. A. may  B. will  C. shall  D. might 真题8 [2026年重庆应用技术职业学院《英语》单招全真模拟模拟题] The work ________ finished before Friday. A. must be  B. must  C. be must  D. is must 真题9 [2023年重庆信息技术职业学院高职分类考试英语模拟试题] —What is happening in that new area? —New houses ________ over there. A. are built  B. are building  C. are being built  D. have built 真题10 [2025年重庆高职院校分类招生考试全真模拟试题] The problem ________ at the meeting now. A. discusses  B. is discussing  C. is being discussed  D. has discussed 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年重庆市（职教高考）《英语学科一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027版重庆市（职教高考）《英语学科一轮讲练测》的第13个专题，内容为语态。 2027版重庆市（高职分类考试） 《一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题13 语态 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点 语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 本专题助力学生掌握英语主动语态、被动语态核心考点：①熟记被动语态am/is/are/was/were/have/has/will + be + 过去分词全套句式结构，明晰各种时态主动与被动语态的变形规则；②掌握被动语态基本用法，重点突破不及物动词无被动、感官 / 使役动词还原 to、带双宾语 / 复合宾语的被动转换三大高频难点；③梳理固定句型、情态动词、短语动词的被动句式变化，辨析主动表被动的特殊固定用法。 本专题衔接时态体系，联动各类时态语态转换规则，厘清主谓关系主动与被动的判定逻辑。2027 年取消单选题后，语态考点深度融入完形填空、短文填空、书面表达，侧重语境中语态判定、句式转换、动词形式变形。学习需熟记各时态被动公式，掌握常考特殊句式变法，区分及物与不及物动词用法差异，强化语篇语境下语态辨析与句式改写专项训练，提升写作与题型应试中的语态规范运用能力。 am/is/are + done 常见时态的被动语态 一般现在时 was/were + done 一般过去时 will be done 一般将来时 被动语态 can/may/must + be done 情态动词 “主 + 谓 + 宾 ”句型的被动语态 主动语态与被动语态的转换 “主 + 谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语”句型的被动语态 “主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”句型的被动语态 不用被动语态的情况 语态（核心节点） ├─被动语态结构（蓝色分支） │ ├─核心公式：be + 过去分词 │ ├─时态变形 │ │ ├─一般现在时：am/is/are + done │ │ ├─一般过去时：was/were + done │ │ ├─一般将来时：will be + done │ │ ├─过去将来时：would be + done │ │ ├─现在进行时：am/is/are being + done │ │ ├─过去进行时：was/were being + done │ │ ├─现在完成时：have/has been + done │ │ └─过去完成时：had been + done │ └─情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + done ├─被动语态适用场景（绿色分支） │ ├─不知道动作执行者 │ ├─强调动作承受者 │ ├─书面/正式文体 │ └─客观说明、科普句式 ├─高频特殊考点（橙色分支） │ ├─无被动动词 │ │ ├─不及物动词：happen/take place/belong to │ │ └─感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel（主动表被动） │ ├─特殊句式转换 │ │ ├─感官/使役动词：主动省to → 被动还原to │ │ ├─双宾语：两种被动转换方式 │ │ └─短语动词：介词不可省略 │ └─主动表被动 │ ├─物品属性：sell/wash/write 等 │ └─need/want/require + doing 表被动 └─2027考情共性（红色分支） ├─融入完形、短文填空、书面表达 ├─侧重语境语态判定、时态+语态结合 └─易错点：不及物乱用被动、还原to遗漏、doing被动混淆 【考点 语态】 语态是动词的语法形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或接受者。因此，所有被动语态都必须是及物动词，而一些不及物动词是没有被动语态的。 1. 英语中被动语态常用的场合 (1)我们不知道谁是动作的执行者。 如： Look! There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away． 瞧，这里什么都没有，所有的东西都被拿走了。 (2)不必提出动作的执行者，如需指出动作的执行者，可用“by＋动作执行者(宾格)”。 如： The bridge will be built next month. 这座桥将在下个月动工修建。 I was sent to hospital by my classmate. 我被同学送到了医院。 2. 被动语态谓语动词的基本结构：be＋及物动词的过去分词 下表呈现了八种时态和含情态动词的主动语态和被动语态的谓语结构(以do为例)。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will do will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去将来时 would/should do would/should be done 含情态动词 情态动词＋do 情态动词＋be done 3. 如何将主动语态变为被动语态 将主动句的宾语改作被动句的主语，主动句谓语动词变为相应时态的被动句的谓语动词，主动句的主语用by引出或省略。 如：The boy is looking after the cat．→The cat is being looked after (by the boy). 【注】①有两个宾语的动词，如send、 show、 tell、 take、 give、 teach、 write、 sell、 lend、 borrow、 pay、 ask等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个宾语保持不变。直接宾语在前作主语时，间接宾语前要加介词。 如：The manager gave him a job in the post office. →He was given a job in the post office (by the manager). 或A job in the post office was given to him (by the manager). 【注】②感官动词see/hear/watch/notice sb. 如：I noticed him run into the room．→He was noticed to run into the room． He heard her singing in the next room.→She was heard singing in the next room. 【注】③使役动词have、 make、 let在变为被动语态时后面作宾补的不定式要还原为带to的不定式。 如：The boss makes the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers are made to work 12 hours a day. 【即时训练】 单项选择。 1. The new bridge ________ next year. A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. has completed 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语The new bridge与complete之间为被动关系，next year表示将来，故用will be completed。 2. Many trees ________ along the streets every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. have planted 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语Many trees与plant之间为被动关系，every spring表示习惯性动作，故用are planted。 3. The work ________ yesterday. A. finishes B. is finished C. was finished D. will be finished 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The work与finish之间为被动关系，yesterday表示过去时间，故用was finished。 4. English ________ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. has spoken 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。English与speak之间为被动关系，表示客观事实，故用is spoken。 5. The病人 ________ to the hospital already. A. takes B. is taken C. has been taken D. will be taken 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。主语The patient与take之间为被动关系，already提示现在完成时，故用has been taken。 6. A new movie ________ by them last month. A. makes B. is made C. was made D. has been made 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语A new movie与make之间为被动关系，last month表示过去时间，故用was made。 7. The classroom ________ every day by the students. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. has cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。The classroom与clean之间为被动关系，every day表示经常性动作，故用is cleaned。 8. The meeting ________ tomorrow if it rains. A. will cancel B. cancel C. is cancelled D. will be cancelled 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语The meeting与cancel之间为被动关系，tomorrow表示将来，故用will be cancelled。 9. The flowers ________ just now. A. water B. are watered C. were watered D. have been watered 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The flowers与water之间为被动关系，just now（刚才）表示过去时间，故用were watered。 10. This kind of car ________ in China since 2010. A. produces B. is produced C. has been produced D. was produced 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。主语car与produce之间为被动关系，since 2010表示从过去持续到现在的动作，故用has been produced。 11. The old house ________ down next week. A. is pulling B. pulls C. will be pulled D. has pulled 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语The old house与pull down之间为被动关系，next week表示将来，故用will be pulled。 12. The cake ________ by my grandmother yesterday. A. makes B. made C. was made D. has made 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The cake与make之间为被动关系，yesterday表示过去时间，故用was made。 13. More attention should ________ to the pronunciation. A. pay B. be paid C. have paid D. paying 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查情态动词的被动语态。attention与pay之间为被动关系，should后接be done，故用be paid。 14. A new library ________ in our school at present. A. builds B. is built C. is being built D. has built 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。主语A new library与build之间为被动关系，at present（目前）表示正在进行，故用is being built。 15. The computer ________ by a young man. A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. invents 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。The computer与invent之间为被动关系，发明是过去发生的动作，故用was invented。 16. The problem ________ at the meeting now. A. discusses B. is discussing C. is being discussed D. has discussed 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。The problem与discuss之间为被动关系，now表示此刻正在进行的动作，故用is being discussed。 17. The invitation ________ to her already. A. sends B. has sent C. has been sent D. will be sent 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。主语The invitation与send之间为被动关系，already提示已完成，故用has been sent。 18. The baby ________ by his mother at home every day. A. looks after B. is looked after C. looked after D. has looked after 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语The baby与look after之间为被动关系，every day表示习惯，故用is looked after。 19. The mistakes ________ just now by the teacher. A. pointed out B. were pointed out C. have pointed out D. point out 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The mistakes与point out之间为被动关系，just now表示过去时间，故用were pointed out。 20. The project ________ by the end of last month. A. completed B. has completed C. had been completed D. was completed 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查过去完成时的被动语态。主语The project与complete之间为被动关系，by the end of last month表示“到上月底为止”，过去的过去，故用had been completed。 真题1 [2023年重庆某高职院校单招模拟试题] The young man ________ not to tell a lie before his parents. A. always tell  B. is told always  C. is always told  D. always is told 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查被动语态基本结构。句意：“这个年轻人在父母面前总是被告知不要说谎。”主语young man与tell之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。always通常放在be动词之后，故is always told为正确答案。 真题2 [2024年重庆科技职业学院单招英语模拟试题] It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped ________ in a traffic accident last month. A. killing  B. being killed  C. to be killed  D. to kill 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查动名词的被动语态。句意：“杰克上个月在交通事故中死里逃生，真是幸运。”escape doing sth.为固定搭配。此处Jack与kill之间是被动关系，应使用动名词的被动语态，用being killed。 真题3 [2026年重庆工信职业学院《英语》单招模拟试题] English ________ in many countries around the world. A. is spoken  B. is speak  C. is spoke  D. is speaking 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：“全世界许多国家都说英语。”主语English与speak之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，故用一般现在时被动语态is spoken。 真题4 [2023年重庆某高职院校单招模拟试题] The classroom ________ every day by the students. A. cleans  B. is cleaned  C. cleaned  D. has cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：“教室每天由学生们打扫。”主语The classroom与clean之间是被动关系，every day表示经常性动作，故用is cleaned。 真题5 [2024年重庆高职分类考试文化素质模拟卷] The school was ________ in 1990. A. built  B. building  C. builds  D. build 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：“这所学校建于1990年。”主语The school与build之间是被动关系，in 1990表示过去时间，故用was built。 真题6 [2025年重庆高职院校分类招生考试全真模拟试题] The Great Wall ________ by thousands of people every year. A. visits  B. visited  C. is visited  D. was visited 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：“长城每年被成千上万的人参观。”主语The Great Wall与visit之间是被动关系，every year提示经常性动作，故用is visited。 真题7 [2023年重庆某高职院校单招模拟试题] Based on the agreement, all payments ________ made by the end of the month. A. may  B. will  C. shall  D. might 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：“根据协议，所有款项应在月底付清。”shall用于法律、条款中表示必须要做的事，此处为shall be done结构。 真题8 [2026年重庆应用技术职业学院《英语》单招全真模拟模拟题] The work ________ finished before Friday. A. must be  B. must  C. be must  D. is must 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查情态动词被动语态。句意：“这项工作必须在周五之前完成。”情态动词被动语态结构为“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”，故用must be finished。 真题9 [2023年重庆信息技术职业学院高职分类考试英语模拟试题] —What is happening in that new area? —New houses ________ over there. A. are built  B. are building  C. are being built  D. have built 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：“——那个新区域里发生什么事情了？——那儿正在建许多新的大楼。”根据第一句时态is happening可知，第二句也要用现在进行时。主语houses与build之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态（am/is/are being done）。此题在2023年重庆电力高等专科学校模拟试题中同样出现。 真题10 [2025年重庆高职院校分类招生考试全真模拟试题] The problem ________ at the meeting now. A. discusses  B. is discussing  C. is being discussed  D. has discussed 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：“这个问题现在正在会上讨论。”at present/now提示此刻正在进行的动作，problem与discuss之间是被动关系，故用is being discussed。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $