2026年中考英语复习语法模块1&2-名代词&特殊代词

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦名代词核心模块，系统覆盖词类句子成分、名词（数、所有格、主谓一致）及代词（人称、物主、不定等）考点，通过“基础梳理-规则归纳-真题演练”环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破名词复数、代词辨析等难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“对比辨析+情境应用”策略，如通过表格对比other系列代词用法，结合2024-2026年中考真题设计语法填空，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。分层练习覆盖不同难度，配合即时反馈，助力学生高效掌握考点，教师可据此优化复习节奏，提升备考效率。

中考模块1-名代词 一、词类、句子成分 （一）词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词 (n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange。 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it。 3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange。 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth。 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see。 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, slowly。 7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the。 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind。 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before。 10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello。 （二）句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物，回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： 如I’m Miss Green. (我是格林小姐。) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态，回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： 如Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间。) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如： 如My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍。) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果，回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： 如He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词。) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信。) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语，放在直接宾语后面，来强调间接宾语。 如He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信。) 5、定语修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： 如Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市。) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。如： 如He works hard .(他工作努力。) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么，通常由形容词或动词充当。如： 如They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁。) He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课。) The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语。) 同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面，进一步说明它的情况。如： 如Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 二、名词 （一）英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。 如：the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义), 如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如：pupil, family, man, foot。 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词, 如：box, child, orange。 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。 如：water, news, oil, population, information。 （二）名词的数 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es。 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注] 一些以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。 如：photo→photos, piano→pianos。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。 ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives。 3、 不规则变化。 如：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese。 [注] 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。 如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk。 （三）名词所有格 1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。 如：Children's Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)。 (2) 以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。 如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)。 (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。 如：today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口)。 (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。 如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 2、[注] ① ’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)。 ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式, 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。 ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。 （四）名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 1、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式： 如The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。) 谓语单数： 1、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数， 如The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。) 2、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。 如Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间。) Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。) 谓语复数： 1、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： 如The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买。) 2、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。 如Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。) 根据名词本身含义决定 1、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, 如Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班。) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如： 如Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图。) 2、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。 如There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊。) There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊。) 但是, population一词又有特殊情况： 如What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数) 三、代词 （一）代词的分类 英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词等等。 （二）人称代词 人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男性 女性 中性 主 格 I (我) you (你) he (他) she (她) it (它) we (我们) you (你们) they (他们,她们,它们) 宾 格 me (我) you (你) him (他) her (她) it (它) us (我们) you (你们) them (他们,她们,它们) 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： 如I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) That’s it.(就那么回事。) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如： 如Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) We often write letters to her.(我们常给她写信。) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： 如—Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： 如Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。) —Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)—You and me.(你和我。) 5、人称代词it除可以指人、物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： 如—What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好。) —What’s the time?(几点啦？) —It’s 12：00.(12点。) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。) It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。) It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。) （三）物主代词 说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男性 女性 中性 形容 词性 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词 性 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (它的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的) 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： 如Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： 如This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： 如A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了。)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 中考模块2-特殊代词 1. each, either, neither, both, all, none a.单独做主语/+of做主语，谓语：each, either, neither(单)；both, all(原型)；none（单/原）。 如Each has a dictionary. 每人都有一本字典。 I wrote to John and Henry, but neither has replied. 我给约翰和亨利都写了信，但没一个人回信。 Both our countries belong to the third world. 我们两个国家都属于第三世界。 Each of them helps the other. 他们每个人都互相帮助。 Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 他们两人身体都不好，但他们都努力工作。 All of his children are workers. 他所有的孩子都是工人。 None of those buses goes/go to Huangshan. 那些公共汽车没有一辆去黄山。 b. each, either, neither +n.单 如Each pupil has found his own personal road to success. 每位学生都可找到通向成功的道路。 Either way is all right. 两种方法任意一个都行。 Neither answer is correct. 没有一个答案是正确的。 c. 重点短语 either...or... neither...nor... both...and... 2. 复合不定代词 有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人)。 a. 做主语，谓语：单。 如Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 b. adj.（形容词）修饰，放其后。 如I have something important to tell you. Do you hear anything special? c. some-的不定代词一般用于肯定句，any-用于否定句、疑问句。但是表示建议、请求、希望得到对方肯定回答，即便疑问句也用some-的不定代词。 如Would you like something to eat? Why not buy something to drink? 例:--- Is ________ here?--- No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody There’s ________in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important 3. each & every each≧2；与of短语连用； each side of the road every≧3；不可与of短语连用； every side of the square 例：There are a lot of colorful flowers on ______ sides of the street. A. each B. both C. either D. all 4.相互代词 each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。 each other表示两者之间,而one another表示许多人之间。 如We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。) 5. one, ones, that, it 1）it指上文提到过的事物（特定）。（可数&不可数） 2）one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个（不特定），如果是复数则用ones。 3）that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复.（可数&不可数） 4）one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特写东西。 如I have a ticket for tonight’s concert. Do you have one? 我有张今晚音乐会的票。 I don’t want the big apple. I want a small one. 我不想要那个在苹果。我要一个小的。 One should believe in oneself. 一个人要相信自己。 I want a knife to sharpen my pencil. Would you please lend me one? 我想用刀来削铅笔。请借给我一把好吗? You’ve used my knife for ages. Return it to me.你用我的刀好长时间了，请还给我吧。 例：--- Why don’t we take a little break? --- Didn’t we just have________? A. it B. that C. one D. this There is only an English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy__. A. it B. one C. another D. any --- Have you got any books on music? I want to borrow __. --- Yes. You can find them on the top shelf of the second bookcase. A. it B. any C. one D. them 6. none & nobody & no one none: ≧3；人和物；与of短语连用；多回答How many/much提问的疑问句； no one = nobody: 人；不与of短语连用；多回答who提问的疑问句； nothing: 物；不与of短语连用；多回答what提问的疑问句 例：--- Who has been to Hawaii? --- _______ has. A. No one B. I C. All of us D. None 例：--- How many students are there in the classroom? --- _______. A. Nobody B. No one C. None D. Neither 7. other, others, the other, the others, another. 词语 词性 含义 是否特指 后面加名词 例句关键词 other​ 形容词 其他的 否（泛指） 必须加名词 other books others​ 代词 其他的人/物 否（泛指） 不能加名词 some..., others... the other​ 形容词/代词 另一个 / 剩下的（特定） 是（特指） 可加可不加 the other hand / the other book the others​ 代词 剩余全部的人/物（特定） 是（特指） 不能加名词 two of them..., the others... another​ 形容词/代词 另一个（再一个） 否（泛指） 加单数名词 another day 如Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话。) You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) I want another four books.(我还要四本书) 例：There is a flower shop on _____ side of the street. Let’s go and buy some flowers A) another B) the other C) both D) others There are only two students in the classroom. ____ have gone to the playground. A) The other B) The others C) Another D) Others I have got six colour pens. One is red, another is blue and ___ four are all green. A) other B) the others C) others D) the other It was a terrible accident. One passenger was killed, and ____ was badly hurt. A. the others B. the other C. others D. the rest If you want to change for a double room,you’ll have to pay________＄15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 8. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great many, a number of( large numbers of), a great deal of (a great amount of) “名词+介词”短语都表示“大量，许多” a.既可以修饰不可名，也可以修饰可名复： a lot of(或lots of) plenty of a great/good many 如He got a lot of(lots of)homework(things)to do after school. Don't hurry. We still have plenty of time. There are plenty of such persons in our school. They raised a great many(a good many)proposals at the meeting. B.只可以修饰可名复： a number of / large numbers of 如A large number of high-tec products have (has) been made in that factory(那个工厂生产了许多高科技产品） C.只可以修饰不可名： a great deal of 如I spent a great deal of my time on this work.我在这项工作上花了不少时间. 例：I like ______ very much. My mother usually cooks it in different ways. A) potatoes B) tomatoes C) fish D) noodles It is reported that _______ schools are improving their IT environment. A.a great many B.a great deal C.a great amount of 10.反身代词 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男性 女性 中性 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) 【用法】 a.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. b.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. c.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework. （正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. d.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 （误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. （正) I’m drawing with my own crayons. e.用在某些固定短语当中。 1)by oneself 独自地; 单独地 2)dress oneself 穿衣，打扮 3)look after oneself=take care of oneself 4)speak to oneself 自言自语 5)teach oneself sth.自学=learn sth. by oneself 6)help oneself to sth随便吃喝 7)come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性 8)for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地 9)depend on oneself依靠某人自己 10)hurt oneself伤害某人自己 11. few, a few, little, a little. 可作名词或形容词性使用，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语或定语，表示“少量，不多”的意思。 词语 修饰名词 含义 感情色彩 few​ 可数名词复数 很少，几乎没有 否定（几乎没） a few​ 可数名词复数 有几个，有一些 肯定（有，但不多） little​ 不可数名词 很少，几乎没有 否定（几乎没） a little​ 不可数名词 有一点 肯定（有，但不多） 如Of my friends few live in the USA. 我的朋友当中几乎没人住在美国。 You are many, they are few. 你们人多，他们人少。 That’s too little. 那太少了。 There are few mistakes in the composition. 作文中几乎没有错误。 There are a few mistakes. 有一些错误。 Hurry up! We’ve little time to waste. 时间不多了。 例：What a pity that Tina has made ___ mistakes in the English test. A) just little B) quite a few C) few D) a little ★ 在与only, still连用时用肯定形式，即a few, a little. 例：--- How much time do we have? -- Only __. A. a few B. little C. a little D. a lot 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考模块1、2习题-名代词 【2026华益二模】Sports have a long history in China. Traditional Chinese sports like tai chi, kung fu and dragon boat racing are not only popular in China but also get more and more ____26____ (fan) all over the world. fans 【2026一中九下期中】Because of this special quality, when saying goodbye to loved ones, people gave ____48____ (they) a willow branch. them 【2025长郡梅溪湖二模】The princesses, such as Snow White, Cinderella, and Belle, have taught us about love, ____28____ (kind) and the power of inner beauty. kindness 【2025麓山国际二模】The ____33____ (open) ceremony (仪式) was set to take place outside the church, but bad weather forced it to be moved inside. opening 【2025麓山国际二模】Notre Dame is an 862-year-old church (教堂) inParis. It has played an important role in ____26____ (France) history for hundreds of years. In the past, it was the church where the country’s kings and queens were married or buried (安葬). French 【2025立信二模】“But I can’t,” Les refused again. “I’m educable mentally handicapped.” The rest of the class broke into 51. _______ (laugh). laughter 【2025明德九下期中】They sang for 51. _______ (they) supper and slept anywhere they could find, in woods, fields, and sometimes houses. their 【2025附中博才期中】The boy is responsible for controlling the ____29____ (direct) of the dragon boat, so he must have a good understanding of the water conditions. direction 【2025长郡一模】At times, students may feel rather stressed. In such situations, it’s important to take a deep 　(breathe) and stay calm. breath 【2025立信九下月考】Everyone knows that pesticides(农药) can lead to the land 　 　 　 　 (pollute), and they are bad for our health. pollution 【2025立信九下月考】Subash plans to improve _______ (he) tool and hopes to get it to market by the time he starts college. his 【2025长雅九下月考】However，Muniba refused to let her　 　 （disable） get in the way of her life. disability 【2024雅礼九上期末】I carried out a simple experiment (实验) to discover why there were 　 　 　 (difference) in their ability to find chances. differences 【2024长郡九上期末】 The average piece of clothing is only worn 10 　 　 (time) before it is thrown away. times 【2024南雅九下入学考】“We check to see what is in the feces(排泄物) and what color it is. For example, if it is green, it means the panda has been eating bamboo 　 　 (leaf),” she said. leaves 【2024中雅九下月考1】Chinese clothing companies have got a lot of 　 　 (order) for it from abroad. orders 【2024青竹湖九下月考1】As Kondo herself told The Washington Post, it is not to cut down on your things or declutter your space, but “to learn to make meaningful 　 (choose) and find thankfulness in everyday life.” choices 【2024雅礼九下月考1】He soon learned that Chinese and European 　 (language) were very different. languages $ 中考模块1-名代词 一、词类、句子成分 （一）词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词 (n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange。 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it。 3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange。 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth。 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see。 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, slowly。 7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the。 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind。 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before。 10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello。 （二）句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物，回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： 如I’m Miss Green. (我是格林小姐。) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态，回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： 如Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间。) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如： 如My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍。) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果，回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： 如He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词。) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信。) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语，放在直接宾语后面，来强调间接宾语。 如He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信。) 5、定语修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： 如Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市。) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。如： 如He works hard .(他工作努力。) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么，通常由形容词或动词充当。如： 如They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁。) He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课。) The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语。) 同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面，进一步说明它的情况。如： 如Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 二、名词 （一）英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。 如：the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义), 如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如：pupil, family, man, foot。 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词, 如：box, child, orange。 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。 如：water, news, oil, population, information。 （二）名词的数 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es。 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注] 一些以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。 如：photo→photos, piano→pianos。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。 ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives。 3、 不规则变化。 如：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese。 [注] 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。 如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk。 （三）名词所有格 1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。 如：Children's Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)。 (2) 以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。 如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)。 (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。 如：today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口)。 (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。 如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 2、[注] ① ’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)。 ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式, 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。 ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。 （四）名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 1、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式： 如The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。) 谓语单数： 1、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数， 如The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。) 2、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。 如Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间。) Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。) 谓语复数： 1、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： 如The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买。) 2、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。 如Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。) 根据名词本身含义决定 1、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, 如Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班。) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如： 如Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图。) 2、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。 如There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊。) There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊。) 但是, population一词又有特殊情况： 如What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数) 三、代词 （一）代词的分类 英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词等等。 （二）人称代词 人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男性 女性 中性 主 格 I (我) you (你) he (他) she (她) it (它) we (我们) you (你们) they (他们,她们,它们) 宾 格 me (我) you (你) him (他) her (她) it (它) us (我们) you (你们) them (他们,她们,它们) 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： 如I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) That’s it.(就那么回事。) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如： 如Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信。) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： 如—Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： 如Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。) —Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)—You and me.(你和我。) 5、人称代词it除可以指人、物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： 如—What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好。) —What’s the time?(几点啦？) —It’s 12：00.(12点。) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。) It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。) It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。) （三）物主代词 说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男性 女性 中性 形容 词性 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词 性 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (它的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的) 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： 如Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： 如This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： 如A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了。)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 中考模块2-特殊代词 1. each, either, neither, both, all, none a.单独做主语/+of做主语，谓语：each, either, neither(单)；both, all(原型)；none（单/原）。 如Each has a dictionary. 每人都有一本字典。 I wrote to John and Henry, but neither has replied. 我给约翰和亨利都写了信，但没一个人回信。 Both our countries belong to the third world. 我们两个国家都属于第三世界。 Each of them helps the other. 他们每个人都互相帮助。 Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 他们两人身体都不好，但他们都努力工作。 All of his children are workers. 他所有的孩子都是工人。 None of those buses goes/go to Huangshan. 那些公共汽车没有一辆去黄山。 b. each, either, neither +n.单 如Each pupil has found his own personal road to success. 每位学生都可找到通向成功的道路。 Either way is all right. 两种方法任意一个都行。 Neither answer is correct. 没有一个答案是正确的。 c. 重点短语 either...or... neither...nor... both...and... 2. 复合不定代词 有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人)。 a. 做主语，谓语：单。 如Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 b. adj.（形容词）修饰，放其后。 如I have something important to tell you. Do you hear anything special? c. some-的不定代词一般用于肯定句，any-用于否定句、疑问句。但是表示建议、请求、希望得到对方肯定回答，即便疑问句也用some-的不定代词。 如Would you like something to eat? Why not buy something to drink? 例:--- Is ________ here?--- No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody There’s ________in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important 3. each & every each≧2；与of短语连用； each side of the road every≧3；不可与of短语连用； every side of the square 例：There are a lot of colorful flowers on ______ sides of the street. A. each B. both C. either D. all 4.相互代词 each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。 each other表示两者之间,而one another表示许多人之间。 如We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。) 5. one, ones, that, it 1）it指上文提到过的事物（特定）。（可数&不可数） 2）one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个（不特定），如果是复数则用ones。 3）that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复.（可数&不可数） 4）one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特写东西。 如I have a ticket for tonight’s concert. Do you have one? 我有张今晚音乐会的票。 I don’t want the big apple. I want a small one. 我不想要那个在苹果。我要一个小的。 One should believe in oneself. 一个人要相信自己。 I want a knife to sharpen my pencil. Would you please lend me one? 我想用刀来削铅笔。请借给我一把好吗? You’ve used my knife for ages. Return it to me.你用我的刀好长时间了，请还给我吧。 例：--- Why don’t we take a little break? --- Didn’t we just have________? A. it B. that C. one D. this There is only an English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy__. A. it B. one C. another D. any --- Have you got any books on music? I want to borrow __. --- Yes. You can find them on the top shelf of the second bookcase. A. it B. any C. one D. them 6. none & nobody & no one none: ≧3；人和物；与of短语连用；多回答How many/much提问的疑问句； no one = nobody: 人；不与of短语连用；多回答who提问的疑问句； nothing: 物；不与of短语连用；多回答what提问的疑问句 例：--- Who has been to Hawaii? --- _______ has. A. No one B. I C. All of us D. None 例：--- How many students are there in the classroom? --- _______. A. Nobody B. No one C. None D. Neither 7. other, others, the other, the others, another. 词语 词性 含义 是否特指 后面加名词 例句关键词 other​ 形容词 其他的 否（泛指） 必须加名词 other books others​ 代词 其他的人/物 否（泛指） 不能加名词 some..., others... the other​ 形容词/代词 另一个 / 剩下的（特定） 是（特指） 可加可不加 the other hand / the other book the others​ 代词 剩余全部的人/物（特定） 是（特指） 不能加名词 two of them..., the others... another​ 形容词/代词 另一个（再一个） 否（泛指） 加单数名词 another day 如Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话。) You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) I want another four books.(我还要四本书) 例：There is a flower shop on _____ side of the street. Let’s go and buy some flowers A) another B) the other C) both D) others There are only two students in the classroom. ____ have gone to the playground. A) The other B) The others C) Another D) Others I have got six colour pens. One is red, another is blue and ___ four are all green. A) other B) the others C) others D) the other It was a terrible accident. One passenger was killed, and ____ was badly hurt. A. the others B. the other C. others D. the rest If you want to change for a double room,you’ll have to pay________＄15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 8. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great many, a number of( large numbers of), a great deal of (a great amount of) “名词+介词”短语都表示“大量，许多” a.既可以修饰不可名，也可以修饰可名复： a lot of(或lots of) plenty of a great/good many 如He got a lot of(lots of)homework(things)to do after school. Don't hurry. We still have plenty of time. There are plenty of such persons in our school. They raised a great many(a good many)proposals at the meeting. B.只可以修饰可名复： a number of / large numbers of 如A large number of high-tec products have (has) been made in that factory(那个工厂生产了许多高科技产品） C.只可以修饰不可名： a great deal of 如I spent a great deal of my time on this work.我在这项工作上花了不少时间. 例：I like ______ very much. My mother usually cooks it in different ways. A) potatoes B) tomatoes C) fish D) noodles It is reported that _______ schools are improving their IT environment. A.a great many B.a great deal C.a great amount of 10.反身代词 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男性 女性 中性 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) 【用法】 a.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. b.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. c.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework. （正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. d.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 （误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. （正) I’m drawing with my own crayons. e.用在某些固定短语当中。 1)by oneself 独自地; 单独地 2)dress oneself 穿衣，打扮 3)look after oneself=take care of oneself 4)speak to oneself 自言自语 5)teach oneself sth.自学=learn sth. by oneself 6)help oneself to sth随便吃喝 7)come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性 8)for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地 9)depend on oneself依靠某人自己 10)hurt oneself伤害某人自己 11. few, a few, little, a little. 可作名词或形容词性使用，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语或定语，表示“少量，不多”的意思。 词语 修饰名词 含义 感情色彩 few​ 可数名词复数 很少，几乎没有 否定（几乎没） a few​ 可数名词复数 有几个，有一些 肯定（有，但不多） little​ 不可数名词 很少，几乎没有 否定（几乎没） a little​ 不可数名词 有一点 肯定（有，但不多） 如Of my friends few live in the USA. 我的朋友当中几乎没人住在美国。 You are many, they are few. 你们人多，他们人少。 That’s too little. 那太少了。 There are few mistakes in the composition. 作文中几乎没有错误。 There are a few mistakes. 有一些错误。 Hurry up! We’ve little time to waste. 时间不多了。 例：What a pity that Tina has made ___ mistakes in the English test. A) just little B) quite a few C) few D) a little ★ 在与only, still连用时用肯定形式，即a few, a little. 例：--- How much time do we have? -- Only __. A. a few B. little C. a little D. a lot 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考模块1、2习题-名代词 【语法填空】 【2026华益二模】Sports have a long history in China. Traditional Chinese sports like tai chi, kung fu and dragon boat racing are not only popular in China but also get more and more ____26____ (fan) all over the world. 【2026一中九下期中】Because of this special quality, when saying goodbye to loved ones, people gave ____48____ (they) a willow branch. 【2025长郡梅溪湖二模】The princesses, such as Snow White, Cinderella, and Belle, have taught us about love, ____28____ (kind) and the power of inner beauty. 【2025麓山国际二模】The ____33____ (open) ceremony (仪式) was set to take place outside the church, but bad weather forced it to be moved inside. 【2025麓山国际二模】Notre Dame is an 862-year-old church (教堂) inParis. It has played an important role in ____26____ (France) history for hundreds of years. In the past, it was the church where the country’s kings and queens were married or buried (安葬). 【2025立信二模】“But I can’t,” Les refused again. “I’m educable mentally handicapped.” The rest of the class broke into 51. _______ (laugh). 【2025明德九下期中】They sang for 51. _______ (they) supper and slept anywhere they could find, in woods, fields, and sometimes houses. 【2025附中博才期中】The boy is responsible for controlling the ____29____ (direct) of the dragon boat, so he must have a good understanding of the water conditions. 【2025长郡一模】At times, students may feel rather stressed. In such situations, it’s important to take a deep 　(breathe) and stay calm. 【2025立信九下月考】Everyone knows that pesticides(农药) can lead to the land 　 　 　 　 (pollute), and they are bad for our health. 【2025立信九下月考】Subash plans to improve _______ (he) tool and hopes to get it to market by the time he starts college. 【2025长雅九下月考】However，Muniba refused to let her　 　 （disable） get in the way of her life. 【2024雅礼九上期末】I carried out a simple experiment (实验) to discover why there were 　 　 　 (difference) in their ability to find chances. 【2024长郡九上期末】 The average piece of clothing is only worn 10 　 　 (time) before it is thrown away. 【2024南雅九下入学考】“We check to see what is in the feces(排泄物) and what color it is. For example, if it is green, it means the panda has been eating bamboo 　 　 (leaf),” she said. 【2024中雅九下月考1】Chinese clothing companies have got a lot of 　 　 (order) for it from abroad. 【2024青竹湖九下月考1】As Kondo herself told The Washington Post, it is not to cut down on your things or declutter your space, but “to learn to make meaningful 　 (choose) and find thankfulness in everyday life.” 【2024雅礼九下月考1】He soon learned that Chinese and European 　 (language) were very different. $