内容正文:
Unit 4 Our Memory. (知识讲解)
学习目标
单元主题
人与自我→方法与哲理→方法/策略
必备单词
Section A
position n,位置;地方,安置;使处于
sadness n,悲伤
react v.以作出反应;回应
chain n.链条
stable adj.稳定的;稳固的
lecture n.讲座;讲课
retell v复述
memorize v记住;记忆(memorise)
tick v给…打钩n.对号;钩号
grandson n.孙子;外孙
case n.情况;事实
opera n.歌剧;歌剧团
ticket n.入场券;票
wallet n.钱包
picnic n.野餐
pardon v.原谅interj.请再说一遍;抱歉
airport n.机场
gunshot n.枪声;(射出的)炮弹
grown-up adj.成年的
recall v.回忆起;回想起
grapevine n.葡萄藤;葡萄树
Section B
boost v促进;使增长n,帮助;增长
short-term adj.短期的
long-term adj.长期的
technique n.技巧
passage n.段落;走廊
likely adj.可能的
discuss v.讨论;谈论;商量
image n.图像;形象
graph n.图;图表
view v.看;观看n.观点;视野
effective adj.有效的
engine n.发动机
fuel n.燃料
address n.地址
password n.密码;口令
account n.账户;账目
increase n.增长;增加
wild adj,野生的;自然生长的
blood n.血
wound n.伤口;创伤 v.使受伤
mall n,购物商场
notebook n.笔记本;笔记本电脑
squirrel n.松鼠
nut n.坚果
dolphin n.海豚
recognize v.辨认出;认可(recognise)
outline n.纲要y概述
fully adv.完全地
divide v.(把…)分成
one-size-fits-all adj. 通用的
高频短语
1.have a good memory有良好的记忆力
2.run out(某物)用完;耗尽
3.take a list记清单
4.in one's opinion在某人看来
5.attend a lecture听讲座;参加讲座
6.get...mixed up把…弄混/搞乱
7.put sth to good use有效使用某物
8.pay attention(to)注意
9.link..with.把…和…联系起来
10.note down记下
11.retell a story复述故事
12.look like看起来像l3.develop one's brain开发大脑
14.exercise one's memory锻炼记忆力
1S.do something creative做一些有创意的事
16.learn something new学习新事物
I7.reduce stress减少压力
18.stay confident保持自信
19.look worried看起来很焦虑/看起来忧心忡忡
20.go through经历;遭受;仔细察看
21.sth happens to sb某人出了某事
22.instead of代替;而不是
23.keep(.)in mind记在心中;记住
24.in sb's case就某人的情况而言
25.pardon me对不起,劳驾
26.run away跑开
27.too...to…太…...而不能…...
28.remind sb of sth提醒某人某事
29.on one's way home在某人回家的路上
30.shout out大声喊;大声说出;呼喊
31.warn sb of danger警告某人有危险
32.to start with首先;起初
33.make a phone call打电话
34.make sure确保
35.take a look看一看
36.take notes记笔记
37.write down写下,记下
38.after all毕竟
39.use it or lose it.不用则废
40.wear out使疲乏;磨损;穿破
41.take a break休息一下
42.make use of senses利用感官
43.in addition此外;另外
44.last but not least最后但同样重要的是
45.both..and... …...和…....都…....
46.feel stressed感到压力大
47.give a speech发表演讲
48.find out弄清楚;查明
49.divide sth into把某物分为
常考用法
l.make sb do sth使某人做某事
2.remember to do sth记得去做某事(动作未发生) remember doing sth记得做过某事(动作已发生)
3.advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事
4.keep doing sth持续/一直做某事
5.tell sb(not)to do sth告诉某人(不要)做某事
6.used to do sth过去常常做某事
7.help sb(to)do sth帮助某人做某事
8.need to do sth需要做某事
9.by doing sth通过做某事
10.be sure to do sth肯定会做某事
11.spend time doing sth花费时间做某事
12.try doing sth尝试做某事 try to do sth努力做某事
13.decide to do sth决定做某事
14.Would you like to do sth?你想要做某事吗?
15.It is+形容词+tod0sth.做某事是…...的。
16.The+比较级,he+比较级. 越…...,就越…....
常考句型
1. Instead of what he forgets, I keep in mind what he remembers.
我记住他还记得的事,而不是他忘记的事。
2. Would you like to improve your memory? 你想提高你的记忆力吗?
3. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it.
你复习所学内容越多,就越有可能记住它。
4. A third way is to make use of senses. 第三种方法是利用感官。
5. I learnt how to create a speech outline. 我学会了如何制作演讲纲要。
6. I practised the first section until I could fully recall it. 我先练习第一部分,直到能完全回忆起来。
7. If I do forget some words, I shouldn't panic. 如果真的忘了一些词,我也不应该慌张。
重点语法
疑问词引导的宾语从句
主题写作
介绍如何提高记忆力
Section A What do we remember ?
1、positions位置(教材第32页,la)
position
【详解】①〔可数名词)位置;地方;具体地点、物体摆放的位置。
Can you tell me your position? 你能告诉我你的位置吗?
This is a good position for a photo. 这个地方很适合拍照。
②〔动词)安置;使处于
Position the table near the window. 把桌子放在窗边。
The company positioned itself as a leader. 这家公司将自己定位为行业领导者。
2、sadness悲伤(教材第32页,la)
【详解】sadness〔不可数名词)悲伤;形容词形式为sad,意为“悲伤的”。
full of sadness充满悲伤 with sadness悲伤地
After hearing of the bad news,her eyes were full of sadness. 听说这个坏消息后,她的眼里满是悲伤。
He shook his head with sadness and walked away slowly. 他悲伤地摇摇头,慢慢走开了。
3、It's running out. 它要用完了(教材第32页,1c)
【详解】run out用完;耗尽
“人+run out of+物品”表示“某人用完某物”; “物品+run out'”表示“某物用完了”。
We have run out of ink. 我们已经把墨水用完了。
Time runs out. 时间用完了。
真|题|链|接
(2025・武中考)
-Mr Brown,I've________________ideas.I can't go on with my writing.
-Relax for a while.Inspiration may come to you later.
A.looked back at B.run out of C.taken pride in D.come up with
解析:我们可用“短语辨析法”解答此题。Look back at“回顾”;run out of“用完";take pride in“以…为骄傲”;come up with“想出”。根据“I can't go on with my writing”可知,“我”的思路枯竭了,从而无法继续写作。
答案:B
4、How did Fu Xing react when Billy said sorry to her?当比利向付兴道歉时,付兴是什么反应?(教材第32页,1e)
【详解】react〔动词)作出反应;回应
react to sth 对…...作出反应/回应 react with sth (化学)与…...起反应
How did he react to the news? 他对这个消息有什么反应?
Iron reacts with water and air. 铁与水和空气发生反应
【拓展】reaction〔名词)反应
What was Jeff's reaction when you told him about the job? 你告诉杰夫这个工作时,他是什么反应?
5 、Why do we get some words mixed up?我们为什么会把一些单词弄混?(教材第33页,2b)
【详解】mix up混淆;弄乱
是“动词+副词”结构。宾语是名词时,可放在mix和up中间,也可放在mix up后;宾语是代词时,必须放在mix和up中间。get sth mixed up把…...弄混/搞乱
I always mix up the two words. 我总是把这两个单词弄混。
Don't mix them up. 别把它们弄混了。
Don't get their names mixed up. 别把他们的名字弄混了。
6、 How can we put our brains to good use?我们怎样才能好好利用我们的大脑?(教材第33页,2b)
【详解】put sth to good use有效使用(或利用)某物;与make good use of sth同义。被动形式为sth be put to good use。
We should put the scientific discoveries to good use.我们应该好好利用这些科学发现。
=We should make good use of the scientific discoveries.
=The scientific discoveries should be put to good use
【拓展】和use相关的常见短语:
make full use of充分利用 come into use开始使用 It's no use doing sth.做某事没用。
7、Pay attention to details..注意细节。(教材第33页,2c)
【详解】pay attention to注意;其中to是介词,后接名词/代词/动词-ing形式,不能接动词原形。
pay attention to doing sth注意做某事
Pay attention to your handwriting. 注意你的书写。
You must pay attention to protecting the environment. 你必须注意保护环境
8、to retell a story well把故事复述得很好(救材第33页,2d)
【详解】retell〔及物动词)复述;后面直接加宾语。过去式和过去分词是retold.
retell sth复述 retell sth to sb向某人复述…
Can you retell the story in your own words? 你能用自己的话复述这个故事吗?
She retold the story to her classmates. 她把故事复述给了同学们。
He retold what he had seen. 他重述了他所看到的。
9、to remember what someone looks like记住某人的长相(教材第33页,2d)
【详解】look like看起来像;其中like是介词,意为“像”,后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
句型“What do/does+主语+look1ike?” 用于询问外貌,意为“...…长什么样?”
That pretty girl looks like her mother. 那个漂亮的小女孩长得像她的妈妈。
The new museum looks like a huge book showing our traditional culture. 这座新博物馆看起来像一本巨书,展示着我们的传统文化。
-What does your favourite actor look like? 你最喜欢的演员长什么样?
-He is tall and thin. 他又高又瘦
【拓展】It looks like+句子. 看起来好像…...
It looks like it's going to snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。
10、to memorize a rule exactly准确记住一条规则(教材第33页,2d)
【详解】memorize(=memorise)〔及物动词〕记住;记忆;相当于remember。
I can't memorize the grammar rules. 我记不住那些语法规则。
【拓展】memory〔名词)记忆力;回忆
The boy has a good memory. 这个男孩有着很好的记忆力。
The experience gave us many happy memories. 那次经历给了我们许多快乐的回忆。
11、Tick what works for you and add more勾选对你有效的建议,并补充更多。(教材第33页,2d)
【详解】tick
①〔动词〕给…...打钩;勾选
You can tick the correct answer. 你可以给正确的答案打钩。
Please tick the sentences that describe the spirit of the Red Army. 请勾选描述红军精神的句子。
②〔名词〕对号;钩号
There is a tick on the right choice. 正确选项上有一个钩号。
12、learn something new学习新事物(教材第33页,2d)
【详解】形容词修饰复合不定代词
something new意为“新事物”,其中something意为“某事;某物”,是复合不定代词,当有形容词修饰时,形容词置于其后。
The young people hope to try something new to spread our culture. 年轻人希望尝试新事物来传播我们的文化。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。
【注意】something常用于肯定句中,anything常用于否定句或疑问句中。在表示请求或希望得到对方的肯定答复的疑问句中,也用something.
There isn't anything interesting in this film. 这部电影中没有什么有趣的事。
Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点东西吗?
13、 And then she told me not to eat the cookies because she was saving them for her grandson. 然后她还叫我不要吃那些饼干,因为她要留给她的孙子。(教材第34页,3a)
【详解】tell sb(not)to do sth 告诉某人(不要)做某事
History tells us to remember those heroes. 历史告诉我们要铭记那些英雄。
We should tell others not to hurt animals. 我们应该告诉别人不要伤害动物。
14、I don't understand what she's going through.我不明白她正在经历什么。(教材第34页,3a)
【详解】go through
①经历;遭受
She went through a hard time when she lost her pet dog. 她丢失宠物狗时,经历了一段难熬的时光。
②仔细察看;检查
Let me go through your homework. 让我检查一下你的作业。
③穿过;通过
During the trip,we went through the forest and enjoyed the beautiful nature. 旅行中,我们穿过森林,欣赏了美丽的大自然。
④用完;耗尽
We went through all the water during the trip. 旅行中我们把所有水都喝完了。
15、It happened to my grandpa too.我爷爷也出现过这种情况。(教材第34页,3a)
【详解】happen to发生;使遭遇 sth happens to sb 某人出了某事(常指不好的事)
happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
A strange thing happened to me yesterday. 昨天我发生了一件奇怪的事。
She happened to know the answer. 她碰巧知道答案。
16、But now he forgets how to reach the park可现在他忘了怎么去公园了。(教材第34页,3a)
【详解】疑问词+动词不定式
how to reach是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中作forgets的宾语。动词不定式常与what,how,when,where等疑问词连用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。此结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;作宾语时,常与know,tell,wonder,ask,show,teach,learn,decide等动词连用。
When to start is not decided yet. 什么时候动身还没决定。(主语)
I do know how to use the machine. 我的确知道如何使用这台机器。(宾语)
The question is what to do next. 问题是下一步做什么。(作表语)
【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的注意事项:
①“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可与含有宾语从句的复合句进行同义句转换,此时,宾语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致。
I don't know what to do next.
=I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道接下来应该做什么。
②若疑问词为代词(what,which,who等),动词不定式中的动词若是及物动词,后面不需再加宾语,若动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词,则应加介词。
I don't know what to say.我不知道说什么。
There're many rooms.I can't decide which to live in. 有许多房间,我无法决定住哪个。
③若疑问词为副词(how,when,where等),动词不定式中的动词后面需要补充宾语。
I don't know how to do it. 我不知道怎么做。
真|题|链|接
(广州中考)根据所给的汉语完成英语句子。
我们还没有决定什么时候去探望爷爷奶奶。
We haven't decided______________our grandparents.
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。对照英汉两句可知,空格处表示“什么时候去探望”;此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”这一结构作decided的宾语。when“什么时候”,visit“探望”,故填when to visit
答案:when to visit
17、Instead of what he forgets.I keep in mind what he remembers.我记住他还记得的事而不是他忘记的事。(教材第34页,3a)
【详解】(1)辨析:instead of与instead两者都有“代替”的意思,但用法不同,具体如下:
instead of
短语介词
其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式
instead
副词
可单独使用,常位于句首或句末
Shall we have vegetables instead of meat today?今天我们吃蔬莱、不吃肉好吗?
I learn English by listening to radio instead of watching English movies. 我通过听广播而不是看英文电影学习英语
If Mary doesn't have time to look after the patients,I can do instead. 如果玛丽没有时间照顾病人,我可以代替她照顾。
(2)keep(....)in mind记在心中;记住
We must keep in mind that hard work leads to success. 我们要牢记:努力才能成功。
Everyone should keep these important words in mind.每个人都应把这些重要的话记在心里
18、In your case,your grandma still remembers that you love cookies!!就你的情况而言,你奶奶还记得你爱吃饼干呢!(教材第34页,3a)
【详解】in sb's case 就某人的情况而言;相当于in the case of sb,其中case作名词,意为“情况;事实”。
In everyone's case,hard work and responsibility are the key to progress. 对每个人而言,努力与责任都是进步的关键。
In the case of these heroes,they put the people first in everything,.对这些英雄而言,他们在一切事情中都把人民放在首位。
In many cases,reading history helps us love our country more deeply..在很多情况下,阅读历史能帮助我们更加热爱祖国。
【拓展】与case相关的其他短语:
in case以防万 in case of如果;假使 in this/that case在这种/那种情况下
19、Pardon me,where can I get a bus to the airport?打扰一下,我在哪里可以坐上去机场的公交车?(教材第35页,4b)
【详解】pardon
①〔及物动词〕原谅pardon me对不起,劳驾
Please pardon me for not sending postcards to you. 请原凉我没有给你寄明信片。
Pardon me,can you tell me the way to the park? 劳驾,你能告诉我去公园的路吗?
②〔感叹词〕请再说一遍;抱歉表示没听清对方的话,希望对方重复一遍,语气较委婉,读时用升调,也可使用pardon me
-Who do you admire most? 你最敬佩谁?
-Pardon?/Pardon me? 请再说一遍(好吗)?
20、He wondered what happened to his mother,but he was too afraid to look back.他想知道妈妈发生了什么,但他太害怕了,不敢回头看。(教材第35页,4c)
【详解】too...to... 太…...而不能…...
too为副词,后跟形容词或副词,to是动词不定式符号,后跟动词原形。该短语在形式上是肯定结构,但是表达的是否定意义。
The boy is too young to go to school. 这个男孩太小而不能去上学
【注意】有时不定式前可由介词for引出不定式的逻辑主语
The box is too heavy for me to carry.这个箱子太重了,我搬不动
【拓展】too...to... 结构可以与so...that...not.…或not...enough to... 进行同义句转换。
The room is too small to hold 200 people.
=The room is so small that it can't hold 200people.
= The room is not big enough to hold200 people. 这个房间太小,容纳不下200人。
真|题|链|接
(重庆中考B卷)根据所给的汉语完成英语句子。
地震后,医护人员工作太忙,没有得到充分的休息。
After the earthquake,doctors and nurses were_______busy______take enough rest.
解析:结合汉语和英语句子可知,此处表示“太…...没有.......”,busy是形容词,take enough rest是动词短语,故应用too...to…。答案too, to
21、 Many years later,the grown-up fox returned home,许多年后,这只成年的狐狸回到了家。(教材第35页,4c)
【详解】grown-up
①〔形容词〕成年的;成熟的;长大成人的
He has a grown-up son. 他有一个已成年的儿子。
The students showed grown-up courage when facing difficulties.学生们在面对困难时表现出了成年人般的勇气
②〔名词〕成年人相当于adult,复数形式为grown-ups
Every grown-up should set a good example for children. 每个成年人都应该为孩子们树立好榜样。
22、He felt sad when he recalled what happened.当他回想起发生了什么事时,他感到很难过。(教材第35页,4c)
【详解】recall〔动词〕回忆起;回想起
不可用于进行时,其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式、that/wh-从句等作宾语。recall doing sth回忆起做过某事
I can't recall his name. 我想不起他的名字了。
She recalled seeing him before. 她记得以前见过他。
He tried to recall what happened. 他努力回忆发生了什么。
【拓展】英语中,re-是常见的前缀之一,表示“再;重新;重复”。rebuild重建;再造 retell重述
rewrite重写 reuse再使用
23、When Mother Fox was on her way home with grapes in her mouth,she shouted out to warn her baby of danger,.狐狸妈妈嘴里叼着葡萄往家走时,大声喊着警告她的宝宝有危险。(教材第35页,4c)
【详解】(1)on one's way home在某人回家的路上; home是副词,前面不加to
He bought some books on his way home 他在回家的路上买了一些书。
【注意】on one's way后接here,there,home等地点副词时,不加介词to。
【拓展】on one's way to... 在去…...的路上;to后接表示地点的名词。
We saw many beautiful flowers on our way to the village. 我们在去村庄的路上看到了许多美丽的花。
(2)shout out大声喊;大声说出;呼喊
Don't shout out the answer. 不要大声喊出答案。
The boy shouted out that he would never give. 那个男孩大声喊道他永不放弃。
【拓展】①shout to sb 对某人大声喊叫,因距离远/环境吵,为了让对方听见,无负面情绪。
②shout at sb对某人大声叫嚷,多因生气、愤怒等情绪,带有指责/不满的语气。
It's too noisy here.You should shout to him. 这儿太吵了,你应该大点儿声对他喊。
Don't shout at me. 别对我大吼大叫。
(3) warn〔及物动词〕警告;告诫;提醒
warn sb of sth 警告某人有某种危险
warn sb about sth 警告某人某事(关于某事)
warn sb(not)to do sth 警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb+that从句 警告某人…...
The weather report warns people of heavy rain.天气预报警告人们有大雨。
The teacher warned us about the danger. 老师警告我们注意危险。
We should warn each other to follow the rules. 我们应该互相提醒遵守规则。
History warns us not to forget the past. 历史告诚我们不要忘记过去。
The sign warns people that it's dangerous. 这个标志警告人们这里很危险。
【拓展】warning〔名词〕警告;警示
Look at that warning! 看那个警告!
Section B How can we improve our memory ?
1、How to Boost Your Memory如何提高你的记忆力(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】boost
①〔动词)促进;使增长
Sports can boost your health. 运动能促进你的健康。
The good news will boost our confidence. 这个好消息会增强我们的信心。
②〔名词〕帮助;增长
There is a boost in our English test scores this month. 这个月我们的英语测试分数有了提升。
2、To start with,it is important to under-stand how memory works.首先,理解记忆是如何运作的很重要。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】to start with
①首先;第一用于列举观点、理由,相当于first/first of all。
To start with,we need to plan carefully. 首先,我们需要仔细计划。
To start with,keeping healthy is the key to a good life. 首先,保持健康是美好生活的关键。
②起初;开始时相当于at first/in the beginning.
I didn't like it to start with. 我一开始并不喜欢它。
3、The more you review what you learn,the more likely you will remember it.复习所学内容越多,就越有可能记住它。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】likely〔形容词)可能的 be likely to do sth很可能做某事
It is likely that... …...是很可能的。
If you keep trying,you are likely to make progress. 如果你坚持尝试,就很可能取得进步。
It is likely that he will come. 他很可能会来。
4、However,you should not wear out your brain. 不过,你不应该过度消耗大脑。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】wear out
①使疲乏
Working all day wore her out. 工作了一整天,她累坏了。
We shouldn't wear out our energy on meaning-less things. 我们不应该把精力消耗在无意义的事情上。
②磨损;穿破
The machine has worn out. 这台机器已经磨损了。
He wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿坏了两双鞋。
5、You can also review information by discussing it with others or by teaching others.你也可以通过和他人讨论或教别人来复习信息。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】discuss〔动词)讨论,商量; 其名词形式为discussion“讨论”。
discuss sth with sb(=have a discussion about/sth with sb) 和某人讨论某事
In class,you can discuss problems by working in groups. 在课堂上,你们可以通过小组合作来讨论问题。
You needn't discuss this matter with me.
=You needn't have a discussion about this matter with me.你不必和我讨论这件事。
【注意】discuss不直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或疑问词引导的从句
They are discussing how to do it. 他们正在讨论怎样做这件事。
真|题|链|接
(广西贵港中考)根据句子中所给的中文提示,填写正确的单词。
Before we make a decision,we should_____________(讨论)it carefully together..
解析:should是情态动词,后跟动词原形;discuss动词,意为“讨论”。答案:discuss
6、A third way is to make use of senses. 第三种方法是利用感官。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】(1)动词不定式(短语)作表语
句中to make use of senses意为“利用感官”,是动词不定式短语作表语。动词不定式放在系动词(be动词为主)之后作表语,用来说明主语的身份、性质、目的、内容或将来动作。
My dream is to be a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。
The most important thing is to keep healthy. 最重要的事是保持健康
Her wish is to travel around the world. 她的愿望是环游世界。
(2)make use of... 利用…...
use前可加good,full等,表示“好好利用,充分利用”。
We should make use of time. 我们应该利用时间。
Try to make good use of your free time. 尽量好好利用你的空闲时间。
7、You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film.你也可以把信息编成故事,像看电影一样在脑海中回顾。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】view
①〔动词〕看;观看
People came from all over the world to view her work. 人们从世界各地涌来看她的作品。
We plan to view the film about memory this weekend. 我们计划本周末观看这部有关记忆的电影。
②〔名词〕风景;视野;观点;看法 in view意为“进入视野”;in one's view意为“在某人看来”。
There is a beautiful view from the top. 从顶上看风景很美。
There was nobody in view. 一个人也看不见。
In my view,hard work is the key to success. 在我看来,努力是成功的关键。
8、For example,listening to recorded information can be very effective.比如,听录制好的信息可能会很有效。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】effective〔形容词〕有效的; 反义词为ineffective(无效的)。
Exercise is effective for keeping healthy. 运动对保持健康很有效。
To learn English well,we must use effective methods. 要学好英语,我们必须使用有效的方法。
9、Last but not least,boost your memory by staying healthy,最后但同样重要的是通过保持健康来提高你的记忆力。(教材第36页,1b)
【详解】last but not least最后但同样重要的是用于写作文、作演讲、列举要点时引出最后点,表示虽然放在最后,但很重要、不能忽略。
Last but not least,we should live a green life. 最后但同样重要的是,我们应该过绿色生活
Last but not least,practice makes perfect. 最后但同样重要的是,熟能生巧。
10、You need to remember an address until you find a piece of paper to write it down.你需要记住一个地址,直到找到一张纸把它写下来。(教材第37页,1c)
【详解】until〔连词或介词)〕直到…...为止;用作连词时引导时间状语从句(此句中用作连词);用作介词时后接名词、代词等。until的用法如下:
①当until用于肯定句时,主句(until用作连词时)或句子(until用作介词时)的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,表示动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。
I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回来。(连词)
He watched TV until midnight last night. 他昨天晚上看电视一直到半夜。(介词)
②当until用于否定句时,构成not...until... 结构,意为“直到…...才......”,主句(until用作连词时)或句子(until用作介词时)的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词,表示动作或状态直到until所表示的时间才发生。
I won't leave until the rain stops. 直到雨停我才会离开。(连词)
He didn't go home until ten o'clock. 他直到10点才回家。(介词)
【注意】until的同义词为till,但until可以放在句首,而till不能。
I hadn't realized the thing was so serious until/till she told me about it.
=Until she told me about it,I hadn't realized the thing was so serious.直到她告诉我,我才意识到这件事如此严重。
11、The customer reacted badly to the price increase,.这位顾客对涨价反应很强烈。(教材第38页,2b)
【详解】increase
①〔名词)增长
The increase in population caused a shortage of food. 人口增加导致粮食短缺。
②〔及物动词〕增加
Reading can not only increase our knowledge,but also bring us pleasure. 阅读不仅能增长我们的知识,而且能给我们带来快乐。
③〔不及物动词〕增加;增长 increase to 增加到…... increase by增加了.......
The population of the area is increasing quickly. 这个地区的人口在快速增长。
The population of this city will increase to1,000,000 . 这个城市的人口将增加到100万。
The price of the vegetables there increasedby10%. 那儿蔬菜的价格上涨了10%。
12、 He is likely to die of wounds if not treated at once.如果不立刻治疗,他很可能因受伤而死。(教材第38页,2b)
【详解】wound
①〔可数名词〕伤口;创伤;可指身体上的伤口,也可指心灵上的创伤。
The nurse cleaned his wound. 护士清洗了他的伤口。
②〔及物动词〕使(身体)受伤;伤害;使(心灵)受伤
The soldier was badly wounded in the head. 那名士兵的头部受了重伤。
What you said has wounded me. 你说的话令我伤心。
13、Every autumn,wild geese fly thousands of kilometres south for the winter,每年秋天,大雁会飞行数干千米南下过冬。(教材第38页,2c)
【详解】(1)wild〔形容词)野生的;自然生长的
There are many wild animals in the forest. 森林里有很多野生动物。
These are wild strawberries. 这些是自然生长的草莓。
(2)goose〔可数名词)鹅;母鹅其复数形式为geese。
A goose has two feet,. 一只鹅有两只脚
We saw some white geese swimming on the lake.我们看见一些白鹣在湖面上游弋。
【拓展】类似goose复数形式变oo为ee的名词:foot→feet脚 tooth→teeth牙齿
14 、They can recognize voices of other dolphins-even when they have not me teach other for a long time.它们能辨别其他海豚的声音一即使很久没见过面。(教材第38页,2c)
【详解】recognize(=recognise)〔动词)辨认出;认可; 不用于进行时。
I didn't recognize him because he changed a1ot. 我没认出他,因为他变化很大。
She is recognized as a good student. 她被公认为一名好学生。
15、In the past,I always felt stressed when I had to give a speech.过去,我每次要演讲时都会感到很有压力。(教材第39页,3a)
【详解】stressed〔形容词〕焦虑的;紧张的;压力大的不能用在名词前作定语。feel stressed感到有压力
be stressed out压力大;筋疲力尽
Listening to music can make you less stressed. 听音乐能让你不那么紧张。
It's normal to feel stressed before exams. 考试前感到紧张是正常的。
She is stressed out these days. 她这些天压力很大。
【拓展】stress〔不可数名词〕精神压力;心理负担
Too much stress is bad for your health. 太大的压力对你的健康有害。
Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. 人在压力之下做事情容易出错。
16、I learnt how to create a speech outline.我学会了如何制作演讲纲要。(教材第39页,3a)
【详解】outline
①〔可数名词〕纲要
make an outline/make outlines列提纲 the outline(s)of .…..的提纲
It's a good habit to make an outline first. 先列提纲是个好习惯。
With clear outlines,we can write more easily. 有了清晰的提纲,我们写作会更轻松。
Please give me an outline of the plan. 请给我这个计划的提纲。
②〔动词〕概述
outline sth to sb向某人概述某事
The report outlines the problems clearly. 这份报告清晰地概述了这些问题。
He outlined his reasons to us. 他向我们说明了他的理由。
17、Another method is to divide the speech into short sections.另一种方法是把演讲稿分成几个短部分。(教材第39页,3a)
divide〔动词)〕(把…)分成 divide sth into... 把某物分为…...
We can divide our work into small steps to finish it easily. 我们可以把工作分成小步骤,轻松完成。
The students are divided into four groups. 学生被分成四个小组。
18、I practised the first section until I could fully recall it.我先练习第一部分,直到能完全回忆起来。(教材第39页,3a)
【详解】fully〔副词)完全地
We should fully use our time. 我们应该充分利用时间。
Only in this way can we fully develop our abilities. 只有这样我们才能充分发展我们的能力。
【拓展】full〔形容词〕完全的;满的;饱的 be full of 充满… be full满了;饱了
Please write your full name. 请写下你的全名。
The room is full of people. 房间里挤满了人。
19、Nobody knows my speech except me.了我之外,没人熟悉我的演讲稿。(教材第39页,3a)
辨析:except与besides
except
除…..之外(没有…....)
着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物,表示一种排除关系,有“减去”之意
besides
除…...之外(还有…...)
指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意
We are all here except Tom. 除汤姆之外,我们都在这里了。
Besides milk,we need vegetables. 除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜。
20、If I do forget some words,I shouldn't panic..如果真的忘记了一些词,我也不应该慌张。(教材第39页,3a)
【详解】do表强调;句中do forget意为“真的忘记”,其中do表示强调。助动词do放在谓语动词前起强调作用,用来表达说话者的一种强烈的感情,do要重读,意为“确实;一定;务必;的确”等,后接动词原形。do随主语的人称、数和句子时态的变化而变化,但只有三种形式,即do,does和did。
I do believe you. 我确实相信你。
She does work hard. 她的确努力学习。
They did finish their homework. 他们真的完成了作业。
【注意】“do/does/did+动词原形”表强调不能用于否定句,用在祈使句中表示请求、命令或鼓励,语气更强烈。
Do be careful! 一定要小心!
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