英语 预测卷（人教版）（无听力音频）-【期末冲刺优选卷】2025-2026学年八年级下学期期末抢分优选卷

期未抢分优选卷一英语-预测卷 满分：120分考试时间：100分钟 一、听力理解(20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1.What do people usually do when they meet in Kate's hometown? A.They kiss. B.They shake hands.C.They bow. 2.What are they talking about? T A.Different natural disasters. B.Interesting outdoor activities. C.Healthy living habits. 都 3.What does the man think of Mark Twain's books? A.He doesn't like them. B.He enjoys reading them. C.He never reads them. 4.How often does Jim do volunteer work? A.Every week. B.Once a month C.We don't know. 5.Where did the woman and her classmates plant trees? A.In the park. B.On the mountain. C.Near the river. 第二节听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、 选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题 6.What kind of book did the woman read? A.A science book. B.A cookbook C.A novel. 7.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The woman thinks the book is boring. B.The baby began to cry at about 10:00 p.m. C.The woman read the book for about three hours. 母 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。 8.What's Mike's hobby? A.Playing tennis. B.Playing football C.Playing volleyball. 9.What does Kate think of tennis? A.Tiring. B.Interesting. C.Difficult. 10.What club will Mike join? A.He will join the art club. B.He will join the music club C.He will join the sports club 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第12两个小题。 11.What was Liu Yun doing at the time of the rainstorm? A.She was reading. B.She was sleeping. C.She was walking. 12.What can we get from the conversation? A.The car couldn't go because it didn't work. B.The car couldn't go because the water was too deep C.The car couldn't go because nobody drove it. 初二期末抢分优选16套下册2-1 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13.When did the fire happen? A.In the morning. B.In the afternoon. C.In the evening 14.How long did it take the firemen to put out the fire? A.About twenty minutes.B.About thirty minutes.C.About forty minutes 选出最 15.What is the passage? A.A travel guide. B.A book review. C.A news report. 第三节听下面一篇短文。请根据你所听到的内容，填写表格中所缺单词，每空限填一词。 短文读两遍。 My Journey to the Sonoran Desert Location(位置) In America Time Last 16 The first one Robert wore a 17. standing on the sand. Photos The second one Robert was 18. when he met a snake. The third one There was a 19. plant which could live for about 200 years. Some small animals stayed under the sand and might 20. Warning people 三个 when they were playing on the sand. 二、阅读理解(15小题，每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下面三篇语言材料，然后按要求做题。 A All About Pumpkins History Pumpkins have grown in North America for over seven thousand years.The word "pumpkin"comes from the ancient Greek word "pepon",meaning big melon.The USA,Canada,Mexico,India and China grow the most pumpkins in the world.People use pumpkins as food,animal feed,medicine and decorations. Life Cycle 6.Orange 1.Seed pumpkin 5.Green pumpkin 2.Sprout 4.Flower 3.Vine Types Food Value The most popular pumpkins are round,orange and smooth.Many are of different shapes and sizes. Some large ones can grow to weigh more than 2,000 pounds! Pumpkins are a healthy food choice.They are low in calories()and high in nutrients.Pump- kin pie is delicious and popular.But it's not very healthy with lots of sugar. 初二期末抢分优选16套下册2-2 Fun Pumpkin Activities In many countries,people hold Pumpkin Festivals to celebrate the harvest.People hold Pumpkin King Competition to enjoy themselves. Americans like to visit the pumpkin farms.They choose their favourite pumpkins,and decorate them into Halloween jack-o'-lanterns on October 31st. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21.What comes right after "Flower"according to the pumpkin's life cycle? A.Sprout. B.Vine. C.Green pumpkin. D.Orange pumpkin. 22.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of pumpkins? A.As medicine. B.As animal feed. C.As clothing. D.As decorations. 23.What activity do Americans do with pumpkins on October 31st? A.Grow big pumpkins in the field. B.Make jack-o'-lanterns for Halloween C.Hold Pumpkin King Competitions. D.Use pumpkins as medicine and food. 24.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A.Pumpkin pie is a popular and healthy food. B.China grows the most pumpkins in the world. C.Americans hold Halloween to celebrate pumpkin harvest. D.Pumpkins grow in North America for more than 7,000 years. 25.In which part of a magazine can you probably read the passage? A.People Art. B.Nature Fun. C.Travel Beauty. D.Science Environment. B [新素材·体重管理，全民行动] DChina has made a plan to help people control their weight.According to the plan,hospitals all over the country will set up“weight management clinics(门诊部)”.Doctors at these clinics will give medical advice on how to control weight. 2Over the past 40 years,the number of overweight people in China has grown a lot.In general, people are eating more and exercising less.By 2021,more than 400 million adults were too heavy.That's more than twice the number in the US or India.According to a study published in The Lancet( 刀》）medical magazine,this number will rise to630 million by2050. 3Overweight people are more likely to have health problems,such as high blood pressure and heart disease.Big cities like Beijing and Shanghai have already set up weight control clinics.They use safe ways to help people lose weight.These include healthy diets and traditional Chinese medicine. 4People in rural areas need help too.A study in 2023 found that the number of people with weight problems has been on the rise since 2005 in rural areas. 5On Chinese social media,you can see many ads for weight-loss products.Some people even sell 'magic"pills().Experts warn that these pills can be dangerous.As a safer choice,China is now developing medicines to help control people's appetite(). 6The government is asking hotels,schools and businesses for help.For example,the government tells hotels to put a scale in each room to remind guests to make healthy choices.The government also asks schools to teach kids about healthy eating.In some cities,people can't sell junk food at or near schools. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 26.What does China's new plan aim to achieve? A.To teach kids about the risk of junk food. 初二期末抢分优选16套下册2-3 B.To help people control their weight. C.To train more doctors for medical advice. D.To build more hospitals across the country. 27.[新考法·写作手法]How does the writer show the great importance of controlling weight in China in paragraph 2? A.By telling stories. B.By listing numbers. C.By asking questions. D.By giving examples. 28.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Kids in all cities can't buy junk food near schools. B.Hotels will make more money by putting scales in rooms. C.Schools have to teach students how to make healthy diets. D.The government is trying to control people's weight in many ways. 29.[新考法·篇章结构]Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A.①/②③/④⑤⑥ B.①/②/③④⑤⑥ C.①/②③/④/⑤⑥ D.①②/③④/⑤⑥ 30.What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage? A.To tell people to stop buying junk food. B.To ask hospitals to open more clinics. C.To introduce China's plan for weight control. D.To warn people try to exercise in a proper way. 左栏是五位同学遇到的健康问题，右栏是七条关于健康生活的建议。请将问题与最合适的建 议进行匹配。（有两个多余项） 31. I have a terrible A.You should lie down and have a rest.Put a cold towel( toothache.It hurts a lot,and I can't on your head.If you don't feel better,you must see a eat anything.I think I need to see a doctor.It might be a fever. doctor for teeth. B.First,you need to stop the bleeding by pressing it tightly. 32. I fall off my bike.My Then,clean the injury and put a bandage on it.If it's badly knee is bruised and it's bleeding.I hurt,go to the hospital for an X-ray. feel a lot of pain.What should I C.You should avoid eating too many sweets and remember to do now? brush your teeth twice a day.But the best thing to do now is 33. I have a runny nose to visit the dentist as soon as possible. and keep coughing.I think I've got D.Avoid fried food!It's harmful to your stomach.Eat more the flu.I don't want to pass the virus fruit and vegetables.Do sports three times a week.From now to my classmates. on,look after yourself! 34. My head feels very E.It sounds like a burn!Quickly run cool water over the burn hot.I think I have a fever.My whole for at least 10 minutes.Do not throw anything on it.If it's body aches. serious,call 120. 35. I love eating fried F.You should wear a mask to stop the germs from spreading. chicken every day.Mum asks me not Also,drink more water and take some medicine.Remember to do that,but I can't stop.Now I to wash your hands often. have a stomachache and I'm getting G.You should turn on the fan and keep the room cool.Drink heavier.I feel painful when running. some water and wait.If you still feel sick,it's time to take What should I do? your temperature. 初二期末抢分优选16套下册2-4 三、完形填空(10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 [新风向·自然奇迹与文明] Hukou Waterfall:Water Falls from the Sky Hukou Waterfall is the largest yellow waterfall in the world.It's also the second largest waterfall in China next to Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou Province. From its headwater in Qinghai Province,the Yellow River 36 all the way to the east and finally to the sea.It carries Chinese history and civilization of more than 5,000 years,so the Yellow River is 37 as China's "mother river". As it flows to Hukou Village,the river sharply narrows from hundreds of metres wide to only about 30 metres.The calm water suddenly falls down into a deep pool as if thousands of wild horses run forward wildly.As a result,a wonderful waterfall 38.It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot, so the waterfall has the name Hukou-meaning the 39 of a teapot in Chinese. The falling water brings huge smoke and clouds,with colour 40 from yellow to grey,grey to blue.People 41 this heart-shaking sight "smoke from the river".There's also a stone under the waterfall.It moves up and down with the falling water and looks like a turtle.It's not seen all the time as the water is always changing,soit's42 guishi,meaning the“mysterious(神秘的)stone”. Over history,lots of poets and painters once travelled here.They admired the wonderful view,and left numerous works about the great waterfall..43_them,Li Bai's Invitation to Wine（《将进酒》) may be the best-known.It says,"Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky,44 the sea and never come back?” There are many wonders at Hukou Waterfall,such as smoke from the river,boats on land and rainbows in the sunshine.April and October are the best time to 45 Hukou Waterfall.Why?Because the water is full！ 36.A.circles B.opens C.drives D.runs 37.A.described B.made C.boiled D.mixed 38.A.enters B.drops C.appears D.goes 39.A.mouth B.cover C.shape D.size 40.A.shaking B.turning C.heating D.facing 41.A.think B.put C.seem D.call 42.A.brought B.dressed C.caught D.named 43.A.Between B.Around C.Among D.Across 44.A.moving on B.rushing into C.waving to D.dancing to 45.A.swim B.visit C.drink D.pass 四、语篇填空(10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 [荣恒原创]Last summer vacation,my parents and I went on a trip to Henan Province.It is one of the most famous places in China with a long history. Our first stop was the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng.It is known as the birthplace of Chinese kung fu. We watched a fantastic kung fu show 46. (give)by some young monks.They were so skilled that we all clapped our hands.After the show,I took some photos with a little monk.He told me that he 47. (practise)kung fu every day."It is hard,but I feel very proud,"he said. The next day,we visited Luoyang.Luoyang is famous for its peonies ()We 48. (lucky)went there during the Peony Culture Festival.The weather was nice and the park was full of people.The flowers were 49. (beautiful)than I had imagined.There were peonies in different colours:red,pink,yellow,and even purple!My mother fell in love with them at once and kept 50. (take)photos 初二期末抢分优选16套下册2-5 During the trip,we also enjoyed many kinds of delicious food.One of them is Luoyang Water Banquet(洛阳水席).It is a big meal5l. lots of soup-based dishes.I liked the "Yan Cai"best 52. it tasted a little sour and spicy,which was quite special for me. 0n53. last day,we bought some gifts for our friends.I also made a new friend from the UK.54. name is Tom.We talked about our favourite animals.He said he 55. (see) the lovely elephants in the zoo before.It was really an unforgettable experience.I hope to visit Henan again one day. 五、补全对话(5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 根据对话内容，在空白处填入适当的句子补全对话。 A:Hello,Tom! B:Hi,Mike!I haven't seen you for a long time.56. 7 A:I've been to the countryside. B:57. 7 A:For a week. B:58. A:For the "hand-in-hand"activity.We gave some money and school things to the children there to help them go to school. B:Good job!What else did you do? A:We lived together with the children in their homes and made friends with them. B:Great！59 A:Though they live a hard life,they study very hard.What's going on in your school? B:We just had our mid-term exams in our school,and I have passed it. A:60. B:Thank you. 六、书面表达（共20分） 你校英语社团(English Club)正在招募一批线上志愿者，面向海外国际学生开展“中国非遗文 化传播”活动，通过短视频或直播的形式，讲述中国非物质文化遗产(intangible cultural heritage)故 事，介绍中国名著、剪纸、京剧、书法、传统节日等文化，传播中华优秀传统文化。假如你是李洁，对 此活动非常感兴趣，请你用英语给社团负责老师写一封自荐信。 内容包括： 1.自我介绍及写信目的； 2.申请成为志愿者的理由； 3.作为志愿者你能为讲述中国故事做些什么。 要求： 1.根据所给提示，适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 3.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mr Smith, I'm Li Jie,a student from Class 2,Grade 8 in No.1 Middle School. Yours sincerely, Li Jie 初二期末抢分优选16套下册2-6M:But I'm the team leader.I feel like I let everyone down. W:Everyone knows you try your best.Well,you can learn from it and get stronger next time. M:You're right.I need to watch the match video and learn from the mistakes. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。 W:Can you tell me something about the "Mother River”of China? M:Sure.It's the Yellow River. W:Where does the Yellow River start? M:It starts in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province. W:How long is it? M:It's about 5,464 kilometres long.It passes through nine provinces in China. W:Does it pass through Henan Province? M:Yes.It runs through Henan from the west to the east. W:It must be very important to China. M:Yes.It is the cradle()of the Chinese Nation and Chinese Culture. W:Thank you. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15小题。 Kate is a 10-year-old girl.She is very beautiful and kind.She often helps to do the housework.After dinner,she usually goes for a walk with her parents. One night,when Kate was walking in the park with her parents,she saw a bag lying on the ground.There was a mobile phone,some cards and some money in it. Kate called one of the numbers in the phone and found the person who lost the bag.He was a young man.He looked worried when they saw him.He was very thankful and wanted to give Kate some money.Kate refused.She says,"I am always ready to help others. When I help people in trouble,I feel very happy." Kate sets us a good example and we should learn from her. 第三节听下面一篇短文。请根据你所听到 的内容，填写表格中所缺单词，每空限填一词。短 文读两遍。 I'm Lucy.Emotion control used to be a problem for me.Once,I got angry with my little sister because she broke my favourite toy.I lost control and shouted at her.After that,I felt bad as I may hurt her feelings.I realized emotion control is important.Then I found some ways that work for me.When I feel worried about a test,I try to take deep breaths.When I'm angry,I go to my room,keep a diary or draw a picture.Also,I talk to my best friend or my parents when I'm upset. When I have stress,I do relaxing things,such as listening to music or playing basketball.These ways help me a lot 期末抢分优选卷-英语-预测卷 一、1-5 BABCB6-10 CBBAC11-15 CBBBC 16.month 17.hat 18.nervous 19.local 20.hurt 二、 A 21.C【解析】细节理解题。根据南瓜生命周期的 图片中的内容可知，南瓜在开花之后紧接着长出 绿色的南瓜。故选C。 22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 的内容可知，南瓜的用途不包含衣物。故选C。 23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可 知，美国人在10月31日制作万圣节南瓜灯。故 选B。 24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Pumpkins have grown in North America for over seven thousand years.”可知，南瓜在北美已经生长了7000多 年。故选D。 25.B【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了南瓜 的相关知识，还提到了有趣的南瓜活动，所以可 能在杂志的“自然和乐趣”部分读到这篇文章。 故选B。 B 26.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 "China has made a plan to help people control their weight.”可知，中国制订了一项计划，目的 是帮助人们控制体重。故选B: 27.B【解析】写作手法题。根据第二段的内容可 知，本段主要通过列举数字来表明控制体重的 重要性。故选B。 28.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容 可知，政府要求酒店、学校和企业提供帮助。例 如，政府要求酒店在每个房间里放一个秤，提醒 客人做出健康的选择。政府还要求学校教育孩 子健康饮食。由此可推知，政府正试图通过多 种方式控制人们的体重。故选D。 29.B【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段 介绍了国家体重管理计划；第二段阐述了中国 超重问题的严重性；第三至六段介绍了应对超 重问题的各项措施。故选B。 30.C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者写 这篇文章的目的是介绍国家的体重管理计划。 故选C 31-35 CBFAD 三、36.D【解析】此处指黄河向东奔流最终汇入大 海，应用run表示河水奔流。故选D。 37.A【解析】describe描述；make制作；boil煮沸； miⅸ混合。此处指黄河被人们描述为“母亲河”， be described as是固定搭配，表示“被描述为”。 故选A。 38.C【解析】enter进入；drop掉落；appear出现；go 去。根据“The calm water suddenly falls down into a deep pool...a wonderful waterfall .”可 推知，黄河水跌落之后形成了一道瀑布，所以瀑 布“出现”了。故选C。 39.A【解析】此处指这个瀑布被命名为“壶口”， 意思是茶壶的“口”。故选A。 40.B【解析】根据“from yellow to grey,grey to blue”可知，颜色在变化，turn from.to..表示 “从…变成…”。故选B。 41.D【解析】think认为；put放置；seem似乎；call 称作。根据语境可知，人们把这个景象称为“水 底冒烟”。故选D。 42.D【解析】根据“meaning the‘mysterious(神秘 的)stone'”可推知，此处指这块石头被命名为 “龟石”，be named表示“被命名为”。故选D。 43.C【解析】根据“lots of poets and painters'”可推 知，此处指在众多诗人和画家中，among表示 “在…之中（三者及以上）”。故选C。 44.B【解析】此处表示《将进酒》中的诗句“君不 见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”，rush into 表示“涌入”，符合语境。故选B。 45.B【解析】swim游泳；visit游览；drink喝；pass 经过。根据“the best time to'”可知，此处指四月 和十月是游览瀑布的最佳时间，vⅵsit表示“游 览”，符合语境。故选B。 四、46.given47.practised48.luckily 49.more beautiful 50.taking 51.with 52.because 53.the 54.His 55.had seen 五、56.Where have you been 57.How long have you been there 58.For what 59.What do you think of their life and study 60.Congratulations (to you) 六、One possible version: Dear Mr Smith, I'm Li Jie,a student from Class 2,Grade 8 in No.1 Middle School.I'm writing to apply for the volunteer position to tell international students stories about Chinese intangible cultural heritage. The reason why I want to help is that it's a good chance to spread traditional Chinese culture.And I believe my good spoken and written English skills will enable me to tell these cultural stories clearly.If I have the opportunity,I will make videos to introduce the history of kites and teach international students how to make kites. I'll be thankful if you can give me the chance to be a volunteer.And I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Jie 听力材料 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个 小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答 案。每段对话读两遍。 1.M:Do people usually kiss when they meet in your hometown,Kate? W:No.They usually shake hands.But sometimes they bow too. 2.W:I think floods are more serious than fires. M:Maybe you're right,but I think the earthquake is the most serious. 3.W:Have you ever heard of Mark Twain? M:Yes.He was an American writer.I like to read his books. 4.W:Hi,Jim.Have you ever done volunteer work before? M:Yes,I once worked as a guide to help the visitors in a museum. 5.W:Last Sunday,some of my classmates and I went to the mountain to plant trees as volunteers.We planted twenty trees in all. M:That sounds really great!You did a meaningful job. 第二节听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话 或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 M:What were you doing at eight o'clock last night? W:My baby fell asleep.I was reading a book. M:What is the book about? W:It's a novel called Gone with the Wind.It describes the life of a beautiful girl. M:What do you think about it? W:It is interesting. M:How long did you read it? W:For two hours.Then my baby cried.I had to look after her. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。 W:Hi,Mike.What's your hobby? M:Hi,Kate.My hobby is playing football. W:I want to start a new hobby but I don't know what to choose.Do you have any ideas? M:Did you try tennis？ W:Yes,I did.But it's very tiring. M:Are you good at art or music? W:Yes,I am. M:Well,the art teacher is going to start a new club after school.There you can learn to draw pictures or write songs. W:That sounds interesting.I can join this club.Would you like to join this club? M:No,I want to join the sports club. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第12两个小题。 M:Hi,I'm Wang Jun from CCTV.What's your name? What were you doing when the rainstorm happened? W:I'm Liu Yun.I was walking in the street at that time. M:Can you tell me what you saw? W:The wind was strong.Some trees fell in the storm. There were more water in the street.Few people were in the street.The car couldn't go because of the deep water.I had to take the bus.How scary it was. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15三个小题。 Good afternoon.This is Jason Smith with City News.Now it is 3:00 in the afternoon and we are at Sunshine Bookstore on Green Street.At 2:00 this afternoon,there was a serious fire here.As you can see,most books were burnt.Thankfully,no one died. The fire started in an office on the fourth floor.At first, people in the store didn't notice it.Later,the smoke spread to other parts.The manager called for help and the firemen arrived in no time.It took them about half an hour to put out the fire.Luckily,all the customers left the store safely.Only the manager hurt his leg. According to the firemen,the fire started because of the lightening.So they asked us to be more careful with the terrible weather and learn to stay away from the disasters.That's all for the latest news. 第三节听下面一篇短文。请根据你所听到 的内容，填写表格中所缺单词，每空限填一词。短 文读两遍。 Last month,Robert had a journey to the Sonoran Desert in America.He took many photos there and picked several to share.In the first photo,he was standing on the sand with a hat.The guide said there were small animals under the sand.They might hurt people.He also saw many special plants and animals there.In the second photo,there was a snake.He was nervous to see it.In the third photo,there was a local plant.He didn't know its name,but he knew it could live for about 200 years. 期末抢分优选卷-物理一诊断卷 1.C【解析】一个鸡蛋的质量在50g左右，两个鸡 蛋的质量为100g=0.1kg,受到的重力G=mg= 0.1kg×10N/kg=1N,故C符合题意。 2.A【解析】浮力的本质是液体向上和向下的压力 差，且液体深度越深，压强越大，因此浮力的方向 总是竖直向上的，故A正确；根据阿基米德原理 可知，浮力与液体的密度和排开液体的体积有关， 与物体的密度、物体的体积和物体浸没在液体中 的深度无关，故B、C、D错误。 3.D【解析】由坐到躺，人的重心高度降低，人对地 面的压力等于人的重力，大小不变，接触面积增 大，根据压强公式p= S可知，压强减小，故A、B 错误；在草地上滚动时，人与草地相互挤压且接触 面粗糙，人受到滚动摩擦力的作用，故C错误； “踢几脚球”，球的运动状态发生改变，说明力可 以改变物体的运动状态，故D正确。 4.A【解析】探究二力平衡的条件，需要尽量减小 物体受到的摩擦力对实验的影响，所以用小车来 替代木块，故A正确；小车处于静止状态时受到 平衡力的作用，故B错误；小车处于平衡状态时 受到的是平衡力，故C错误；将平衡后的小车扭 转一个角度后释放，是为了探究相互平衡的两个 力是否需要作用在同一直线上，故D错误。 5.C【解析】根据功的原理可知，使用任何机械都 不省功，故A错误；车辆沿盘山公路行驶时，要克 服摩擦等做更多额外功，机械效率会降低，故B 错误；盘山公路是斜面，在高度一定时，增加了距 离，根据W=Fs可知，可以减小所必需的牵引力， 故C正确；盘山公路是环绕山坡修建的，增加了 车辆行驶的距离，故D错误。 6.D【解析】由题图可知，列车进站时需要爬坡，质 量不变，速度减小，高度增大，故动能减小，重力势 能增大；列车进站时将动能转化为重力势能，故D 正确。 7.AC【解析】测力计的示数为2.5N,机械效率 ,_W方n=Gh=1N×03m=0.6=60%,故A n=wg=2.5N×0.2m 正确；克服杠杆自重所做的功为额外功，则W颜外= W&-W有用=Fs-Gh=2.5N×0.2m-1N× 0.3m=0.2J,物块上升0.3m,而杠杆重心在中 点，故上升H=0.15m,则杠杆重力G=精三 02」=1.33N,故B错误；将弹簧测力计从A 0.15m 点移至B点，物块的重力和上升高度不变，则有 用功不变，同时额外功不变，则总功不变，故机械 _W题不变，故C正确；将物块移至A点左 效率”二W总 侧，物块上升同样的高度，杠杆转动的角度变大， 故杠杆重心上升的高度增大，而有用功不变，额外 W有恩减小， 功增大，故总功变大，则机械效率刀=W。 故D错误。 8.AB【解析】因为试管在两液体中都漂浮，所以试 管受到的浮力F甲=F。,故A错误；试管在甲、乙 两液体中受到的浮力相等，根据F浮=G排=m排8 可知，试管排开的液体质量相等，故B错误；试管 在甲、乙两液体中受到的浮力相等，由题图可知， 排开的液体体积Vp>V2,根据F净=P液gV排可 知，P甲<P2,两液面等高，根据p=p液gh可知，装