Unit 8 A green world welcome-reading知识点讲解和练习 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义以“Welcome to the unit”和“Reading”为核心模块构建知识体系，通过表格对比（如cause与reason的区别）、记忆口诀（“客观祸因用cause，主观理由用reason”）及词汇拓展链（如chemical-chemistry-chemist）梳理重点词汇、短语及语法结构，清晰呈现单元知识脉络与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，从基础巩固（单词拼写、适当形式填空）到能力提升（完形填空、阅读理解），结合环保主题培养文化意识，通过some...some...others用法辨析提升思维品质，提供例句与搭配模板支持学生自主复习，助力教师实施精准分层教学。

译林版英语 Unit 8 A green world 课时1 Welcome-Reading 知识精讲 Welcome to the unit 知识点 1 cause 【词汇讲解】cause n.原因，理解 v.引起，导致 常用搭配：cause trouble 惹麻烦 cause damage 造成损失 the cause of ......的原因 【易混词】cause和reason的区别 词汇 含义 区别 搭配 cause 起因、诱因 直接造成事情 / 事故 / 灾难的客观原因 the cause of + 坏事 / 事件 reason 理由、道理 人做某事的主观理由、借口 the reason for + 行为 / 想法 记忆口诀：客观祸因用 cause，主观理由用 reason What’s the cause of the accident? 事故起因是什么？ What’s your reason for leaving? 你离开的理由是什么？ 知识点 2 soil pollution 土壤污染 【词汇讲解】soil n.土壤；土地；国土 注意：表 “土壤、泥土” → 不可数；表 “不同种类的土壤” → 可数 soils rich/poor soil 肥沃/贫瘠的土壤 dry soil 干燥的土壤 soil erosion 水土流失 protect the soil 保护土地 Plants grow well in good soil. 植物在沃土中长势好。 知识点 3 Chemical waste 化学废物 【词汇讲解】chemical adj.化学的； n.化学制品（复数chemicals） 常用搭配：chemical pollution 化学污染 chemical industry 化学工业 harmful chemicals 有害化学物质 【词汇拓展】 chemistry n.化学（学科） chemist n.化学家；药剂师 知识点 4 Burning of unclean fuels 燃烧不清洁燃料 【词汇讲解】 (1) unclean adj.不清洁的 clean adj. 干净的 clean v. 打扫；清洁 cleanliness n. 干净；洁净 (2) fuel n.燃料（统称，不可数名词） v. 给… 提供燃料；助长 burn/save fuel 燃烧/节约燃料 fuel prices 油价 知识点 5 Chemicals poured into rivers and lakes 排放到河流和湖泊的化学制品 【词汇讲解】 pour v.倾倒，倒出 常用搭配：pour... into ... 把......倒入...... pour down （大雨）倾盆而下 pour away 倒掉 pour out 倒出；倾诉 pour water/tea 倒水/茶 例句：Please pour some hot water into the glass. 请往杯子里倒些热水。 It began to pour soon after noon. 中午过后不久就下起了倾盆大雨。 Reading 知识点 6 In Switzerland,things like glass,plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 【词汇讲解】 (1) separate v.（使）分开，区分 常用搭配： separate...into... 把......分成...... separate...from... 把......和......分开 be separated into 被分成...... 例句： We should separate good apples from bad ones. 我们要把好苹果和坏苹果分开。 The two towns are separated by a river. 两座城镇被一条河隔开。 (2) recycle v.回收利用，再利用 常用搭配： recycle paper/waste 回收纸张/垃圾 【词汇拓展】recycling n. 回收利用 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 例句：These bottles can be recycled. 这些瓶子可以回收利用。 知识点 7 In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world--it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste. 【词汇讲解】 (1) level n. 水平；标准；层次；水平面 high//low level 高水平 English level 英语水平 water level 水位 (2) total adj.总的；全部的 n.总数；合计 total number 总数 in total 总共（中考高频） 【词汇拓展】 totally adv. 完全地；总共 例句：There are 50 students in total. 总共有 50 名学生。 (3) successfully adv.成功地 【词汇拓展】succeed v. 成功 搭配： succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 success n. 成功（不可数）；成功的人 / 事（可数） successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 例句：He finished the work successfully. 他成功完成了这项工作。 (4) 【短语积累】one of+the +最高级+名词复数 “最......的之一” 例句：It is one of the most interesting books I have read. 这是我读过最有趣的书之一。 Yellow River is one of the most important rivers in China. 黄河是中国最重要的河流之一。 知识点 8 Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to people in need, and others are sent to factories for recycling. 【短语积累】 some...some...others 一些......一些......还有一些 （剩余部分不全说完，还有零散剩下） some...others 一些......另一些 （泛指别的部分，不限定全部） some...the others 一些......其余全部 （特指剩余所有，一个不剩） 例句：There are many students on the playground. Some are running, some are jumping, others are playing basketball. 操场上很多学生，一些跑步，一些跳跃，还有一些打篮球。 Some students like English, others like math. 一些学生喜欢英语，另一些喜欢数学。 There are 10 balls in the basket. Some are blue, the others are red. 篮子里有10个球，一些是蓝色的，其余全都是红色的。 知识点 9 Our government has strict laws to protect forests and control pollution. 【词汇讲解】 (1) strict adj.严格的；严厉的 （比较级：stricter 最高级：strictest） 常用搭配：be strict with sb 对某人严格 be strict in sth 对某事严格 strict laws 严格的法律 strict rules 严格的制度 【词汇拓展】strictly adv. 严格地；完全地 strictness n. 严格；严厉 例句： Our teacher is strict with us. 老师对我们很严格。 She is strict in her work. 她对待工作很严谨。 (2) control v.控制；支配；管理 （过去式 / 过去分词：controlled 现在分词：controlling） n. 控制；支配；管制 常用搭配：take control of 掌控；接管 out of control 失去控制（高频短语） lose control of 失去对…… 的控制 lose control of 失去对…… 的控制 control sth控制某物 be controlled by 被......控制 beyond control 难以控制 under control 处于控制之下 例句：You should learn to control your anger. 你要学会控制怒火。 The plane was out of control. 飞机失去了控制。 We must control pollution. 我们必须治理污染。 知识点 10 When people break these rules,they will be punished. 【词汇讲解】 (1) break v.违犯，违背；打破；弄坏 常用搭配：break the rules 违反规则 break the law 违法 break one's promise 违背诺言 break traffic rules 违反交通规则 break into 闯入 break out (火灾、战争) 爆发 break down 出故障 (2) punish v.惩罚 常用搭配：punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人 punish sb. for doing sth. 因做某事处罚某人 be punished 被惩罚 例句：Teachers won't punish you for small mistakes. 老师不会因小错误惩罚你。 He was punished for being late. 他因迟到受到了处罚。 Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished. 任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。 【词汇拓展】 punishment n. 惩罚；处罚 知识点 11 For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined. 【词汇讲解】 fine adj.好的，晴朗的，健康的 v.对......处以罚款 n.罚金 常用搭配：fine weather 晴朗天气 I’m fine. 我很好 / 身体无恙 fine sb. 罚款某人 fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事罚某人款 traffic fine 交通罚款 例句：They will fine you for speeding.（v. 罚款） 他们会因超速对你罚款。 You have to pay a fine.（n. 罚金） 你必须交罚款。 知识点 12 We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 【词汇讲解】 (1) resource n.资源，财力 常用复数 resources natural resources 自然资源 water resources 水资源 save resources 节约资源 例句：We should protect natural resources. 我们应该保护自然资源。 (2) wisely adv.明智地；聪明地 常用搭配：use wisely 明智使用 spend money wisely 理性消费 【词汇拓展】 wise adj.明智的 wisdom n.智慧 例句：We should use time wisely. 我们应该明智利用时间。 【短语积累】 depend on 依靠，依赖 depend on sb. 依靠某人 depend on sth. 依靠某物 It depends. 看情况（口语高频） 例句：We shouldn’t depend on parents too much. 我们不该过度依赖父母。 知识点 13 These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out. 【短语积累】 run out 用完，耗尽 （物作主语） sth. run out 某物用完了 run out of 用完某物（人作主语） sb. run out of + 物品 例句：We ran out of water yesterday. 昨天我们把水用完了。 My energy has run out. 我的精力耗尽了。 run 相关短语： run after 追赶 run into 撞上/偶然遇到 run a business 经营生意 知识点 14 They are going to be used more widely in the future. 【词汇讲解】widely adv.广泛地，普遍地（比较级：more widely 最高级：most widely） be widely used 被广泛使用 spread widely 广泛传播 be widely known 广为人知 【词汇拓展】wide adj.宽的 adv.宽地（实际意义上的宽） 例句：Chinese is one of the most widely spoken languages. 汉语是使用最广泛的语言之一。 English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 知识点 15 Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. 【短语积累】make a difference 有作用，有影响 make a difference to sb/sth 对......产生影响 make no difference 毫无作用 make a big difference 影响很大 例句：Exercise can make a difference to your health. 运动对你的健康大有影响。 Small things make a difference to our life. 小事会改变我们的生活。 Your advice makes a difference to me. 你的建议对我很有帮助。 基础巩固 1． 根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句子所缺单词，每空限填一词。 1. Heavy _trucks_ (卡车) are not allowed to cross this old bridge. 2. --Look! These plants grow well. --That’s true.The rich s_soil_in the field is good for plants. 3. In the past some factories poured__ wastewater into the river. 4. [2025江苏苏州调研] The world-famous engineer is busy designing a new type of _eco-friendly_ (环保的) bicycle. 5. Cars that use less or no fuel__ are better for our environment and can save money too. 6. [2025江苏南京期中] Dr James often explains the _chemical_ (化学的) questions to us patiently. 7. [2025四川内江二模] It is believed that we'll plant more trees to stop the soil_ from losing. 8. [2025 无锡惠山期末] Please make a list of points and _separate___ (分开) them into “dos” and “don’ts”. 9. [2025 无锡锡山期末] The police will _fine__ (罚款) anyone for speeding on the main street. 10. [2025 苏州吴中、吴江、相城期末] People should choose their friends _wisely_ (明智地) to avoid getting into trouble. 11. All the schools in our city have _strict_ (严格的) rules against using mobile phones in class. 2． 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. [2025南京鼓楼一模] People should also know the importance of _recycling__ (recycle) electronic waste. 2. Taizhou and Changzhou _are separated_ (separate) by the Yangtze River, and a new bridge will connect the two cities in the near future. 3. We should not drink water from unclean_ (clean) sources, as it may harm our health. 4. A lot of waste _is produced (produce) every day, so waste sorting (分类) is necessary. 5. [2025 江苏连云港期中] Scientists are finding ways to stop light _pollution (pollute) and make our lives better. 6. [2025 江苏无锡三模] It's reported that the up-to-date product_ (produce) is at the design stage. 7. Paper and clothes can be recycled (recycle),so we should collect them in our daily life. 3． 单项选择。 ( B )1.Our ______ teacher's wife is working in a ______ factory. A. chemical; chemistry B. chemistry; chemical C. chemical; chemical D. chemistry; chemistry ( C )2.—What do you think of our neighbourhood? —Yeah. I think the environment ______ more beautiful if more trees ______ around. A. will make; are planted B. will be made; will be planted C. will be made; are planted D. is made; will be planted ( A )3.—The government is planning to use solar energy for the new building. —That's wonderful! It's an ______ action that saves money and protects nature. A. eco-friendly B. interesting C. important D. easy ( A )4.The high-speed train has_ _ _ _ the travel time between Yancheng and Shanghai from over 2 hours to around 1 hour. A. reduced B. increased C. influenced D. repeated (C )5.—Lots of people get fat easily these days. —I think eating too much junk food is the ______ of being fat. A. result B. cost C. cause D. excuse ( A )6.[2024・泰州市兴化期末]—Why are more and more countries starting to use new types of energy? —Because they cost ______ and are good for the environment. A. little B. cheap C. low D. much ( B )7.Some factories used to pour plenty of waste oil ______ the sea years ago. A. of B. into C. on D. up ( B )8.[2025 江苏常州期中] —Could you help me ______ some water into the glass? —Of course. A. make B. pour C. give D. push ( D )9.—Suzy,remember off the lights when your bedroom. —OK,I ,Mum. A. turning;leaving;will B. to turn;leave;won’t C. turning;left;will D.to turn;leaving;won’t ( C )10.[2025・泰州海陵期末]—Millie, we want to hand out leaflets about going green. Would you like to join us? —______ It's everyone's duty to protect the environment. A. My pleasure. B. Never mind. C. Why not? D. That's all right. 4． 根据中文提示完成句子 1.糟糕的天气引发了这起交通事故。 The bad weather caused the traffic accident. 2.地理课上，亚历克斯先生讲解了如何减少空气污染。 Mr Alex explained how __to__ __reduce___ __air__ __pollution__in the Geography class. 3.你去上班前记得关掉电视。 Remember __to__ __turn___ _off__ the TV before you go to work. 4.对我们来说，选择公共交通是明智的。 It’s wise of us to choose public transport. 5.英语是世界上被运用最广泛的语言之一。 English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. 6.身为教师，你们必须相信你们能够影响学生的一生。 As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students. 能力提升 5． 完形填空。 Seven arctic wolves move smoothly across a frozen pool and begin to run after a thick piece of ice. The three older wolves are 1 wildly, hitting the four young wolves and sending them rolling on the frozen grass. But the young jump up and run back onto the frozen pool to 2 the game. Finally, the youngest wolf quickly catches the ice, making it to pieces. Game over. The rest of the wolves 3 him, as if to say, “What now?” Then, one by one, they all turn to look at me. I’ve been 4 these seven wolves for hours, keeping a good distance (距离) between us so they don’t feel 5 . There’s probably no other place on Earth than Ellesmere Island(Canada’s northernmost island) where wolves would let a human sit alongside them like I’m doing. For this 6 , I traveled here to join a documentary (纪录片) film team. They 7 I was there, but they hadn’t paid any attention to me—until now. I 8 as our eyes meet. No matter how playful they appeared a few minutes before, I remember that these are 9 wild animals. The wolves begin to walk toward me. But they 10 me before stopping at their preferred prey (猎物). Most of the meat is 11 , but enough for each wolf to have something to eat. Every few minutes, one of the wolves looks over at me, but none of them seem bothered (烦恼). I 12 a little as I watch them eat. After they finish feeding on the prey, they walk slowly to the grass for a 13 . The young stay together while each older wolf finds a comfortable place alone. Many hours later, they begin to wake up. It’s time to eat again. What happens next makes me 14 : The three older wolves run off into the hills for food, leaving me with the young! I suppose they understood it would be 15 to be with me. 1. A. eating B. looking C. digging D. playing 2. A. start B. continue C. stop D. end 3. A. look at B. pick up C. fight with D. step on 4. A. drawing B. protecting C. watching D. guiding 5. A. lonely B. afraid C. tired D. hungry 6. A. chance B. reason C. truth D. result 7. A. guessed B. forgot C. knew D. hoped 8. A. smile B. nod C. leave D. shake 9. A. once B. only C. also D. still 10. A. alarm B. catch C. beat D. pass 11. A. broken B. hidden C. gone D. done 12. A. relax B. compete C. understand D. imagine 13. A. game B. sleep C. meal D. film 14. A. scared B. satisfied C. surprised D. stressed 15. A. safe B. lucky C. funny D. free 1-5:DBACB 6-10:BCDDD 11-15:CABCA 6． 阅读理解。 Li Jin was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya, Hainan. In the past 9 years, Li has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya. He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection. He does this through the Internet. Around 2014, he began doing volunteer work to clear rubbish from the beaches and officially registered as a volunteer in May 2017. Li took the lead in a cleanup activity on the Sanya River. In April 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service centre. The centre has 1,170 registered members who take part in all kinds of activities. So far, he has spent about 3,800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events. More than 2,300 people have joined in the activities with his encouragement. They have drawn the attention of both adults and children to the importance of protecting oceans and beaches. His centre has organized 51 beachcleaning activities which have seen about 1,800 people join in since it was set up. In 2021, because of Li’s growing influence in environmental protection circles, the city government invited him to make a number of short videos. In the videos, he used simple words to explain how to protect the environment. Several of the videos have been watched millions of times. “Although many people speak highly of my work, what I have done is not for the compliment. I just want to make a difference to environmental protection. My volunteer work would be meaningless if I was paid. It is everyone’s duty to protect environment. The work itself is of great value, so I will continue doing the environmental protection work,” he said. ( C )1. How does Li Jin spread the knowledge of environmental protection? A. On TV. B. In the newspaper. C. Through the Internet. D. By poster. ( B )2. How many people have joined in beachcleaning activities since Li Jin set up the centre? A. Over 550. B. About 1,800. C. More than 2,300. D. About 3,800. ( D )3. What is the right order of the following events according to the passage? ①set up a volunteer service centre ②made a number of short videos ③began to clear rubbish ④took the lead in a cleanup activity A. ①③④② B. ①④③② C. ③①④② D. ③④①② ( B )4. The underlined word “compliment” means “______”. A. wealth B. praise C. fame D. power ( A )5. Which word can best describe Li Jin? A. Responsible. B. Wise. C. Kind. D. Busy. 7． 信息还原。 “Bio-robots” are robots that look like animals. 1 They are helping researchers learn more about how animals live. Bat robot Bat flight is not simple. Its body parts fold and unfold with every wing beat. 2 “If you want to make a flying robot,” said Science Focus, “don’t copy bats.” 3 B2 is a robot made to understand bat flight. It has very thin “skin” made of silicone. Can it fly like a bat? Yes! B2 moves its wings and does sharp dives and turns, just like a real bat! Cockroach (蟑螂) robot It has four legs instead of six, but this 4.5-centimeter-long cockroach robot can walk and climb walls just like real cockroaches. The 1.5-gram robot was made for engines. The engine-maker wants tiny robots to look around inside airplane engines because humans can’t go there. 4 The robot uses electricity to stick to walls. Engineers tested it inside an airplane engine. It stuck on better than a real insect, according to Science Focus. Guppy (孔雀鱼) robot Some people think fish are stupid, but there are still many things we can learn about them. German researchers now use a robotic fish to better understand group behavior in guppies. The team put a 3D-printed guppy under the fish tank. It copied the speed and direction of a fish partner, who thought the printed guppy was real. 5 When they swim faster, they swim better together. A. But that’s what researchers did in the US. B. Robot makers often look to nature for new ideas. C. They can fly like birds, swim like fish, or move like insects. D. Researchers learned that swimming speed is important to guppies. E. To meet their needs, engineers thought about cockroaches’ sticky feet. F. They want the robot to look like a cockroach, act like one, and be the right size. G. The force made by their wings comes from a strong but flexible (灵活的) piece of skin. 1.___C___ 2. ___G___ 3. ___A___ 4. __F____ 5. ___D___ 8． 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。 （2025 镇江期末）An officer in Shanghai recently replied to a letter from volunteers in a community. They help with garbage sorting (垃圾分类). In his reply, he said he was happy to know that after recent years of publicity (推广), the work of garbage sorting in the volunteers’ community was very 1. s______. He also hopes more people can 2. d______ the habit of sorting garbage. Since 2019, more than 22,000 garbage stations have been upgraded (升级) in Shanghai. A 3. h______ change has taken place in the city in recent years. People once 4. r______ garbage sorting, but now they are actively joining in the activity. The community also makes use of technology in garbage sorting. There are special recycling machines besides the garbage cans. People put in old clothes they don’t want. This can help those who can’t 5. a______ clothes in some poor areas. “Sorting garbage is a way to make the community a 6. b______ place. Also, people can get points on Alipay if they 7. m______ to put the garbage into the right bins. The points can be exchanged for gifts,” said a volunteer. He said many people changed their minds after this kind of “persuasion”. 16-year-old volunteer Yu Yue has made posters and written articles about garbage sorting. “My classmates and I 8. e______ made an animation (动画) to help people understand. After watching them, they have known how important garbage sorting is to the 9. e______,” Yu said. In the future, the community will hold more events and work 10. c______ with local schools. The whole country is going to implement garbage sorting in the near future. 1.successful 2.develop 3.huge 4.refused 5.afford 6.better 7.manage 8.even 9.environment 10.closely 9． 阅读回答问题 （2025・南通市期末） In cities, a growing number of people are turning their homes into small green gardens by keeping house plants. According to a recent survey, about 65% of the families have at least three plants in their living spaces. There are several reasons why indoor gardening has become so popular in the city. First, plants help make indoor air clean. They take in harmful things from the air and give out fresh oxygen. Second, looking after plants brings a sense of achievement, especially when seeing a small seed grow into a healthy plant. Moreover, plants are beautiful, ever-changing home decorations. Unlike static artworks (静态艺术品), living plants grow and change with the seasons, bringing natural beauty into city flats. However, beginners often face some problems. Some choose unsuitable plants. For example, many beginners buy sun-loving plants like roses but place them in rooms with poor light. Overwatering is another common problem. New growers may water plants too often because they don’t know that most indoor plants prefer drier soil. To help solve the problems, local gardening centres provide free guidance on choosing the right plants for different light conditions and proper watering skills. With the right knowledge, anyone can achieve success in home gardening. Moreover, many neighbourhood communities have started plant exchange programmes to share advice with beginners. Some schools have even added plant care into their life skills courses. With these helpful resources, anyone in the city can develop a green thumb and enjoy the journey of growing alongside their plants. Why not begin your own indoor gardening adventure today? 1. What are differences between living plants and static artworks? Unlike static artworks (静态艺术品), living plants grow and change with the seasons, bringing natural beauty into city flats. 2. What problems do beginners often face in plant-growing? Choosing unsuitable plants and overwatering. 3. Why is overwatering bad for indoor plants? Because most indoor plants prefer drier soil. 4. How do local gardening centres help solve the beginners’ problems? By providing free guidance on choosing the right plants for different light conditions and proper watering skills. 5. How can you try to be a green thumb?（请自拟一句话作答） By observing plants’ needs like sunlight and water. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版英语 Unit 8 A green world 课时1 Welcome-Reading 知识精讲 Welcome to the unit 知识点 1 cause 【词汇讲解】cause n.原因，理解 v.引起，导致 常用搭配：cause trouble 惹麻烦 cause damage 造成损失 the cause of ......的原因 【易混词】cause和reason的区别 词汇 含义 区别 搭配 cause 起因、诱因 直接造成事情 / 事故 / 灾难的客观原因 the cause of + 坏事 / 事件 reason 理由、道理 人做某事的主观理由、借口 the reason for + 行为 / 想法 记忆口诀：客观祸因用 cause，主观理由用 reason What’s the cause of the accident? 事故起因是什么？ What’s your reason for leaving? 你离开的理由是什么？ 知识点 2 soil pollution 土壤污染 【词汇讲解】soil n.土壤；土地；国土 注意：表 “土壤、泥土” → 不可数；表 “不同种类的土壤” → 可数 soils rich/poor soil 肥沃/贫瘠的土壤 dry soil 干燥的土壤 soil erosion 水土流失 protect the soil 保护土地 Plants grow well in good soil. 植物在沃土中长势好。 知识点 3 Chemical waste 化学废物 【词汇讲解】chemical adj.化学的； n.化学制品（复数chemicals） 常用搭配：chemical pollution 化学污染 chemical industry 化学工业 harmful chemicals 有害化学物质 【词汇拓展】 chemistry n.化学（学科） chemist n.化学家；药剂师 知识点 4 Burning of unclean fuels 燃烧不清洁燃料 【词汇讲解】 (1) unclean adj.不清洁的 clean adj. 干净的 clean v. 打扫；清洁 cleanliness n. 干净；洁净 (2) fuel n.燃料（统称，不可数名词） v. 给… 提供燃料；助长 burn/save fuel 燃烧/节约燃料 fuel prices 油价 知识点 5 Chemicals poured into rivers and lakes 排放到河流和湖泊的化学制品 【词汇讲解】 pour v.倾倒，倒出 常用搭配：pour... into ... 把......倒入...... pour down （大雨）倾盆而下 pour away 倒掉 pour out 倒出；倾诉 pour water/tea 倒水/茶 例句：Please pour some hot water into the glass. 请往杯子里倒些热水。 It began to pour soon after noon. 中午过后不久就下起了倾盆大雨。 Reading 知识点 6 In Switzerland,things like glass,plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 【词汇讲解】 (1) separate v.（使）分开，区分 常用搭配： separate...into... 把......分成...... separate...from... 把......和......分开 be separated into 被分成...... 例句： We should separate good apples from bad ones. 我们要把好苹果和坏苹果分开。 The two towns are separated by a river. 两座城镇被一条河隔开。 (2) recycle v.回收利用，再利用 常用搭配： recycle paper/waste 回收纸张/垃圾 【词汇拓展】recycling n. 回收利用 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 例句：These bottles can be recycled. 这些瓶子可以回收利用。 知识点 7 In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world--it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste. 【词汇讲解】 (1) level n. 水平；标准；层次；水平面 high//low level 高水平 English level 英语水平 water level 水位 (2) total adj.总的；全部的 n.总数；合计 total number 总数 in total 总共（中考高频） 【词汇拓展】 totally adv. 完全地；总共 例句：There are 50 students in total. 总共有 50 名学生。 (3) successfully adv.成功地 【词汇拓展】succeed v. 成功 搭配： succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 success n. 成功（不可数）；成功的人 / 事（可数） successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 例句：He finished the work successfully. 他成功完成了这项工作。 (4) 【短语积累】one of+the +最高级+名词复数 “最......的之一” 例句：It is one of the most interesting books I have read. 这是我读过最有趣的书之一。 Yellow River is one of the most important rivers in China. 黄河是中国最重要的河流之一。 知识点 8 Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to people in need, and others are sent to factories for recycling. 【短语积累】 some...some...others 一些......一些......还有一些 （剩余部分不全说完，还有零散剩下） some...others 一些......另一些 （泛指别的部分，不限定全部） some...the others 一些......其余全部 （特指剩余所有，一个不剩） 例句：There are many students on the playground. Some are running, some are jumping, others are playing basketball. 操场上很多学生，一些跑步，一些跳跃，还有一些打篮球。 Some students like English, others like math. 一些学生喜欢英语，另一些喜欢数学。 There are 10 balls in the basket. Some are blue, the others are red. 篮子里有10个球，一些是蓝色的，其余全都是红色的。 知识点 9 Our government has strict laws to protect forests and control pollution. 【词汇讲解】 (1) strict adj.严格的；严厉的 （比较级：stricter 最高级：strictest） 常用搭配：be strict with sb 对某人严格 be strict in sth 对某事严格 strict laws 严格的法律 strict rules 严格的制度 【词汇拓展】strictly adv. 严格地；完全地 strictness n. 严格；严厉 例句： Our teacher is strict with us. 老师对我们很严格。 She is strict in her work. 她对待工作很严谨。 (2) control v.控制；支配；管理 （过去式 / 过去分词：controlled 现在分词：controlling） n. 控制；支配；管制 常用搭配：take control of 掌控；接管 out of control 失去控制（高频短语） lose control of 失去对…… 的控制 lose control of 失去对…… 的控制 control sth控制某物 be controlled by 被......控制 beyond control 难以控制 under control 处于控制之下 例句：You should learn to control your anger. 你要学会控制怒火。 The plane was out of control. 飞机失去了控制。 We must control pollution. 我们必须治理污染。 知识点 10 When people break these rules,they will be punished. 【词汇讲解】 (1) break v.违犯，违背；打破；弄坏 常用搭配：break the rules 违反规则 break the law 违法 break one's promise 违背诺言 break traffic rules 违反交通规则 break into 闯入 break out (火灾、战争) 爆发 break down 出故障 (2) punish v.惩罚 常用搭配：punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人 punish sb. for doing sth. 因做某事处罚某人 be punished 被惩罚 例句：Teachers won't punish you for small mistakes. 老师不会因小错误惩罚你。 He was punished for being late. 他因迟到受到了处罚。 Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished. 任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。 【词汇拓展】 punishment n. 惩罚；处罚 知识点 11 For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined. 【词汇讲解】 fine adj.好的，晴朗的，健康的 v.对......处以罚款 n.罚金 常用搭配：fine weather 晴朗天气 I’m fine. 我很好 / 身体无恙 fine sb. 罚款某人 fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事罚某人款 traffic fine 交通罚款 例句：They will fine you for speeding.（v. 罚款） 他们会因超速对你罚款。 You have to pay a fine.（n. 罚金） 你必须交罚款。 知识点 12 We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 【词汇讲解】 (1) resource n.资源，财力 常用复数 resources natural resources 自然资源 water resources 水资源 save resources 节约资源 例句：We should protect natural resources. 我们应该保护自然资源。 (2) wisely adv.明智地；聪明地 常用搭配：use wisely 明智使用 spend money wisely 理性消费 【词汇拓展】 wise adj.明智的 wisdom n.智慧 例句：We should use time wisely. 我们应该明智利用时间。 【短语积累】 depend on 依靠，依赖 depend on sb. 依靠某人 depend on sth. 依靠某物 It depends. 看情况（口语高频） 例句：We shouldn’t depend on parents too much. 我们不该过度依赖父母。 知识点 13 These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out. 【短语积累】 run out 用完，耗尽 （物作主语） sth. run out 某物用完了 run out of 用完某物（人作主语） sb. run out of + 物品 例句：We ran out of water yesterday. 昨天我们把水用完了。 My energy has run out. 我的精力耗尽了。 run 相关短语： run after 追赶 run into 撞上/偶然遇到 run a business 经营生意 知识点 14 They are going to be used more widely in the future. 【词汇讲解】widely adv.广泛地，普遍地（比较级：more widely 最高级：most widely） be widely used 被广泛使用 spread widely 广泛传播 be widely known 广为人知 【词汇拓展】wide adj.宽的 adv.宽地（实际意义上的宽） 例句：Chinese is one of the most widely spoken languages. 汉语是使用最广泛的语言之一。 English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 知识点 15 Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. 【短语积累】make a difference 有作用，有影响 make a difference to sb/sth 对......产生影响 make no difference 毫无作用 make a big difference 影响很大 例句：Exercise can make a difference to your health. 运动对你的健康大有影响。 Small things make a difference to our life. 小事会改变我们的生活。 Your advice makes a difference to me. 你的建议对我很有帮助。 基础巩固 1． 根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句子所缺单词，每空限填一词。 1. Heavy _______ (卡车) are not allowed to cross this old bridge. 2. --Look! These plants grow well. --That’s true.The rich s_______in the field is good for plants. 3. In the past some factories p________ wastewater into the river. 4. [2025江苏苏州调研] The world-famous engineer is busy designing a new type of ________ (环保的) bicycle. 5. Cars that use less or no f_______ are better for our environment and can save money too. 6. [2025江苏南京期中] Dr James often explains the _________ (化学的) questions to us patiently. 7. [2025四川内江二模] It is believed that we'll plant more trees to stop the s_________ from losing. 8. [2025 无锡惠山期末] Please make a list of points and _________ (分开) them into “dos” and “don’ts”. 9. [2025 无锡锡山期末] The police will _________ (罚款) anyone for speeding on the main street. 10. [2025 苏州吴中、吴江、相城期末] People should choose their friends ______ (明智地) to avoid getting into trouble. 11. All the schools in our city have ______ (严格的) rules against using mobile phones in class. 2． 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. [2025南京鼓楼一模] People should also know the importance of ________ (recycle) electronic waste. 2. Taizhou and Changzhou ______ (separate) by the Yangtze River, and a new bridge will connect the two cities in the near future. 3. We should not drink water from ______ (clean) sources, as it may harm our health. 4. A lot of waste ______ (produce) every day, so waste sorting (分类) is necessary. 5. [2025 江苏连云港期中] Scientists are finding ways to stop light ________ (pollute) and make our lives better. 6. [2025 江苏无锡三模] It's reported that the up-to-date _________ (produce) is at the design stage. 7. Paper and clothes can be (recycle),so we should collect them in our daily life. 3． 单项选择。 ( )1.Our ______ teacher's wife is working in a ______ factory. A. chemical; chemistry B. chemistry; chemical C. chemical; chemical D. chemistry; chemistry ( )2.—What do you think of our neighbourhood? —Yeah. I think the environment ______ more beautiful if more trees ______ around. A. will make; are planted B. will be made; will be planted C. will be made; are planted D. is made; will be planted ( )3.—The government is planning to use solar energy for the new building. —That's wonderful! It's an ______ action that saves money and protects nature. A. eco-friendly B. interesting C. important D. easy ( )4.The high-speed train has_ _ _ _ the travel time between Yancheng and Shanghai from over 2 hours to around 1 hour. A. reduced B. increased C. influenced D. repeated ( )5.—Lots of people get fat easily these days. —I think eating too much junk food is the ______ of being fat. A. result B. cost C. cause D. excuse ( )6.[2024・泰州市兴化期末]—Why are more and more countries starting to use new types of energy? —Because they cost ______ and are good for the environment. A. little B. cheap C. low D. much ( )7.Some factories used to pour plenty of waste oil ______ the sea years ago. A. of B. into C. on D. up ( )8.[2025 江苏常州期中] —Could you help me ______ some water into the glass? —Of course. A. make B. pour C. give D. push ( )9.—Suzy,remember off the lights when your bedroom. —OK,I ,Mum. A. turning;leaving;will B. to turn;leave;won’t C. turning;left;will D.to turn;leaving;won’t ( )10.[2025・泰州海陵期末]—Millie, we want to hand out leaflets about going green. Would you like to join us? —______ It's everyone's duty to protect the environment. A. My pleasure. B. Never mind. C. Why not? D. That's all right. 4． 根据中文提示完成句子 1.糟糕的天气引发了这起交通事故。 The the traffic accident. 2.地理课上，亚历克斯先生讲解了如何减少空气污染。 Mr Alex explained how ________ ________ ________ ________in the Geography class. 3.你去上班前记得关掉电视。 ________ ___ _____ ________ the TV before you go to work. 4.对我们来说，选择公共交通是明智的。 It’s public transport. 5.英语是世界上被运用最广泛的语言之一。 English is one of languages in the world. 6.身为教师，你们必须相信你们能够影响学生的一生。 As teachers, you must believe that you can the lives of your students. 能力提升 5． 完形填空。 Seven arctic wolves move smoothly across a frozen pool and begin to run after a thick piece of ice. The three older wolves are 1 wildly, hitting the four young wolves and sending them rolling on the frozen grass. But the young jump up and run back onto the frozen pool to 2 the game. Finally, the youngest wolf quickly catches the ice, making it to pieces. Game over. The rest of the wolves 3 him, as if to say, “What now?” Then, one by one, they all turn to look at me. I’ve been 4 these seven wolves for hours, keeping a good distance (距离) between us so they don’t feel 5 . There’s probably no other place on Earth than Ellesmere Island(Canada’s northernmost island) where wolves would let a human sit alongside them like I’m doing. For this 6 , I traveled here to join a documentary (纪录片) film team. They 7 I was there, but they hadn’t paid any attention to me—until now. I 8 as our eyes meet. No matter how playful they appeared a few minutes before, I remember that these are 9 wild animals. The wolves begin to walk toward me. But they 10 me before stopping at their preferred prey (猎物). Most of the meat is 11 , but enough for each wolf to have something to eat. Every few minutes, one of the wolves looks over at me, but none of them seem bothered (烦恼). I 12 a little as I watch them eat. After they finish feeding on the prey, they walk slowly to the grass for a 13 . The young stay together while each older wolf finds a comfortable place alone. Many hours later, they begin to wake up. It’s time to eat again. What happens next makes me 14 : The three older wolves run off into the hills for food, leaving me with the young! I suppose they understood it would be 15 to be with me. 1. A. eating B. looking C. digging D. playing 2. A. start B. continue C. stop D. end 3. A. look at B. pick up C. fight with D. step on 4. A. drawing B. protecting C. watching D. guiding 5. A. lonely B. afraid C. tired D. hungry 6. A. chance B. reason C. truth D. result 7. A. guessed B. forgot C. knew D. hoped 8. A. smile B. nod C. leave D. shake 9. A. once B. only C. also D. still 10. A. alarm B. catch C. beat D. pass 11. A. broken B. hidden C. gone D. done 12. A. relax B. compete C. understand D. imagine 13. A. game B. sleep C. meal D. film 14. A. scared B. satisfied C. surprised D. stressed 15. A. safe B. lucky C. funny D. free 6． 阅读理解。 Li Jin was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya, Hainan. In the past 9 years, Li has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya. He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection. He does this through the Internet. Around 2014, he began doing volunteer work to clear rubbish from the beaches and officially registered as a volunteer in May 2017. Li took the lead in a cleanup activity on the Sanya River. In April 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service centre. The centre has 1,170 registered members who take part in all kinds of activities. So far, he has spent about 3,800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events. More than 2,300 people have joined in the activities with his encouragement. They have drawn the attention of both adults and children to the importance of protecting oceans and beaches. His centre has organized 51 beachcleaning activities which have seen about 1,800 people join in since it was set up. In 2021, because of Li’s growing influence in environmental protection circles, the city government invited him to make a number of short videos. In the videos, he used simple words to explain how to protect the environment. Several of the videos have been watched millions of times. “Although many people speak highly of my work, what I have done is not for the compliment. I just want to make a difference to environmental protection. My volunteer work would be meaningless if I was paid. It is everyone’s duty to protect environment. The work itself is of great value, so I will continue doing the environmental protection work,” he said. ( )1. How does Li Jin spread the knowledge of environmental protection? A. On TV. B. In the newspaper. C. Through the Internet. D. By poster. ( )2. How many people have joined in beachcleaning activities since Li Jin set up the centre? A. Over 550. B. About 1,800. C. More than 2,300. D. About 3,800. ( )3. What is the right order of the following events according to the passage? ①set up a volunteer service centre ②made a number of short videos ③began to clear rubbish ④took the lead in a cleanup activity A. ①③④② B. ①④③② C. ③①④② D. ③④①② ( )4. The underlined word “compliment” means “______”. A. wealth B. praise C. fame D. power ( )5. Which word can best describe Li Jin? A. Responsible. B. Wise. C. Kind. D. Busy. 7． 信息还原。 “Bio-robots” are robots that look like animals. 1 They are helping researchers learn more about how animals live. Bat robot Bat flight is not simple. Its body parts fold and unfold with every wing beat. 2 “If you want to make a flying robot,” said Science Focus, “don’t copy bats.” 3 B2 is a robot made to understand bat flight. It has very thin “skin” made of silicone. Can it fly like a bat? Yes! B2 moves its wings and does sharp dives and turns, just like a real bat! Cockroach (蟑螂) robot It has four legs instead of six, but this 4.5-centimeter-long cockroach robot can walk and climb walls just like real cockroaches. The 1.5-gram robot was made for engines. The engine-maker wants tiny robots to look around inside airplane engines because humans can’t go there. 4 The robot uses electricity to stick to walls. Engineers tested it inside an airplane engine. It stuck on better than a real insect, according to Science Focus. Guppy (孔雀鱼) robot Some people think fish are stupid, but there are still many things we can learn about them. German researchers now use a robotic fish to better understand group behavior in guppies. The team put a 3D-printed guppy under the fish tank. It copied the speed and direction of a fish partner, who thought the printed guppy was real. 5 When they swim faster, they swim better together. A. But that’s what researchers did in the US. B. Robot makers often look to nature for new ideas. C. They can fly like birds, swim like fish, or move like insects. D. Researchers learned that swimming speed is important to guppies. E. To meet their needs, engineers thought about cockroaches’ sticky feet. F. They want the robot to look like a cockroach, act like one, and be the right size. G. The force made by their wings comes from a strong but flexible (灵活的) piece of skin. 1.______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 8． 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。 （2025 镇江期末）An officer in Shanghai recently replied to a letter from volunteers in a community. They help with garbage sorting (垃圾分类). In his reply, he said he was happy to know that after recent years of publicity (推广), the work of garbage sorting in the volunteers’ community was very 1. s______. He also hopes more people can 2. d______ the habit of sorting garbage. Since 2019, more than 22,000 garbage stations have been upgraded (升级) in Shanghai. A 3. h______ change has taken place in the city in recent years. People once 4. r______ garbage sorting, but now they are actively joining in the activity. The community also makes use of technology in garbage sorting. There are special recycling machines besides the garbage cans. People put in old clothes they don’t want. This can help those who can’t 5. a______ clothes in some poor areas. “Sorting garbage is a way to make the community a 6. b______ place. Also, people can get points on Alipay if they 7. m______ to put the garbage into the right bins. The points can be exchanged for gifts,” said a volunteer. He said many people changed their minds after this kind of “persuasion”. 16-year-old volunteer Yu Yue has made posters and written articles about garbage sorting. “My classmates and I 8. e______ made an animation (动画) to help people understand. After watching them, they have known how important garbage sorting is to the 9. e______,” Yu said. In the future, the community will hold more events and work 10. c______ with local schools. The whole country is going to implement garbage sorting in the near future. 9． 阅读回答问题 （2025・南通市期末） In cities, a growing number of people are turning their homes into small green gardens by keeping house plants. According to a recent survey, about 65% of the families have at least three plants in their living spaces. There are several reasons why indoor gardening has become so popular in the city. First, plants help make indoor air clean. They take in harmful things from the air and give out fresh oxygen. Second, looking after plants brings a sense of achievement, especially when seeing a small seed grow into a healthy plant. Moreover, plants are beautiful, ever-changing home decorations. Unlike static artworks (静态艺术品), living plants grow and change with the seasons, bringing natural beauty into city flats. However, beginners often face some problems. Some choose unsuitable plants. For example, many beginners buy sun-loving plants like roses but place them in rooms with poor light. Overwatering is another common problem. New growers may water plants too often because they don’t know that most indoor plants prefer drier soil. To help solve the problems, local gardening centres provide free guidance on choosing the right plants for different light conditions and proper watering skills. With the right knowledge, anyone can achieve success in home gardening. Moreover, many neighbourhood communities have started plant exchange programmes to share advice with beginners. Some schools have even added plant care into their life skills courses. With these helpful resources, anyone in the city can develop a green thumb and enjoy the journey of growing alongside their plants. Why not begin your own indoor gardening adventure today? 1. What are differences between living plants and static artworks? 2. What problems do beginners often face in plant-growing? 3. Why is overwatering bad for indoor plants? 4. How do local gardening centres help solve the beginners’ problems? 5. How can you try to be a green thumb?（请自拟一句话作答） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $