精品解析：广东省深圳外国语学校2025-2026学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

2025-2026学年度深圳外国语学校高二下学期期中考试英语试题 全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分 单项选择(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 1. Despite seasonal droughts and harsh mountain conditions, the ancient ecological water______ system has ensured stable agricultural output on steep slopes for thousands of years. A. irrigation B. distribution C. conservation D. leakage 2. In order to maintain long-term balanced development of natural ecology, local governments spare no effort to permanently ______ rare wild animal habitats and restrict unreasonable human activities. A. nourish B. conserve C. revive D. foster 3. Many rare wild creatures were completely ______ by widespread infectious diseases that spread rapidly across the entire natural reserve. A. looked into B. wiped out C. cried over D. cast a shadow over 4. Powerful inner mental ______ enables individuals to stay calm and make reasonable judgments even when they are trapped in unexpected severe troubles and long-term life pressures. A. expense B. livelihood C. distraction D. resilience 5. People with genuine moral ______ will never choose to misreport facts, fake data or behave improperly just to gain temporary and limited personal benefits. A. trait B. reputation C. vice D. integrity 6. Strict national environmental protection regulations clearly forbid energy-intensive industrial factories to casually _______ large quantities of harmful waste gases into the atmospheric environment. A. leak B. neglect C. emit D. eliminate 7. Cross-cultural exchanges help people appreciate different civilizations. People worldwide never fail to ______ the long history and unique charm of ancient relics. A. cope with B. roll in C. marvel at D. set out 8. The subtle cultural differences between regions are difficult to perceive directly, yet they deeply ______ people’s ways of thinking and daily behavioral patterns silently. A. elevate B. mirror C. merge D. insert 9. Faced with intricate adversity and long-term pressure, outstanding teenagers hold firm positive ______ and make rational choices calmly. A. mindset B. essence C. revenue D. attachment 10. Excellent literary works can ________strong emotional feelings among readers. A. evoke B. arise C. nourish D. elevate 11. At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A. where B. which C. that D. when 12. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 13. In the early 19th century, a group of readers gathered in ________ is now a historic downtown district to share books and ideas, one of the early forms that eventually led to modern public libraries. A. what B. where C. which D. that 14. We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school. A. unless B. once C. whether D. because 15. __________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him. A. If B. Since C. Although D. Until 16. The success of the project depends largely ______ effective communication and close cooperation ______ all team members. A. on; between B. in; among C. on; with D. in; from 17. ______ the fact that he had not prepared well, he managed to pass the exam ______ only two points. A. In spite of; by B. Regardless of; with C. Despite; in D. Though; on 18. The research findings are not consistent ______ the previous theory, which calls ______ a thorough review of our hypothesis. A. to; for B. with; for C. to; on D. with; in 19. The local residents’ protest was aimed ______ raising public awareness ______ the potential health risks of the new chemical plant. A. to; about B. at; of C. for; on D. toward; against 20. The sudden change in weather caught us ________ surprise, and we were left completely unprepared ________ the heavy rain. A. by; for B. in; to C. with; against D. at; with 第二部分 阅读(共两部分，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A The social purpose of the copyright system is to encourage creativity and the advancement of knowledge by giving those who make intellectual (智力的) contributions a “unique right to their writings and discoveries” for limited times. Protection is provided for a much longer time for copyrights than for patents. The U.S. Copyright Law of 1976 provides a term or the lifetime of the author plus 50 years. It recognizes that the value of written works often extends over a longer time than that of technological advances in the public area. It is essential to register for formal copyright protection in order to have some degree of protection against the copyright of one’s works by others. The procedure for obtaining a copyright registration is quite simple—an application is submitted with a small fee and two copies of the work. No examination is made, and the copyright is immediately in force. The Copyright Office will provide on request a variety of leaflets (小册子) describing the procedure and giving information about the classes of subject matter that can be registered. Those are subject to protection: (1) Books and newspapers (2) Lectures (3) Dramatic compositions (4) Films (5) Maps (6) Works of ant (7) Sound recordings (8) Photographs (9) Prints and labels (10) Musical compositions Those are not subject to protection: (1) Ideas (2) Systems, methods and plans (3) Government publications (4) Laws and opinions of courts You can contact the Copyright Office (wwcoprightfice.org) for more information. 21. In which aspect do copyrights differ from patents? A. The application fee. B. The duration of protection. C. The intellectual value. D. The contribution to society. 22. Which of the following should you provide for copyright registration? A. Copies of your work. B. Photos of yourself. C. Introductory leaflets. D. Examination certificates. 23. According to the text, the Copyright Office may reject ______. A. a movie about a new method of time travel B. an original musical composition for children C. a book about one’s opinions on American laws D. an official document issued by the local county B Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”. 24. What does the author say about doctors in general? A. They like flying by themselves. B. They are unwilling to take advice. C. They pretend to be good pilots. D. They are quick learners of CRM. 25. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_______. A. he saved the plane by speaking up B. he was in charge of a flying task C. his boss landed the plane too late D. his boss operated on a patient 26. In the last paragraph“landing gear up” probably means ______. A. following flying requirements. B. overreacting to different opinions. C. listening to what fellow doctors say D. making a mistake that may cost lives 27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C. The Making of a Good Pilot D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor C On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 28. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 29. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 30. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 31. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. D Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 32. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. B. Everyone can define time on their own terms. C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. 33. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ________. A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach 34. What can we learn from this passage? A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame. 35. Which view is closest to the author’s opinion? A. Time will tell. B. Everything is relative. C. Well begun is half done. D. Time and tide wait for no man. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Power of Small Steps In a world that often celebrates big achievements and overnight success, it’s easy to overlook the power of small, consistent steps. Many of us set grand goals, only to feel discouraged when progress is slow or invisible, failing to realise that lasting success is rarely built in a flash. ____36____ Small steps are the building blocks of great things. Think about how a seed grows into a tall tree. It doesn’t happen in a day. ____37____ Every day, it absorbs sunlight and water, pushing its roots deeper into the soil, until one day, it stands tall and strong, a proof of patience and persistence (坚持). Our goals are like that seed — they need time and daily care. ____38____ For example, if your goal is to improve your English, reading a short passage every day is better than trying to finish a thick book in one weekend. The former builds a habit; the latter often leads to burnout. Consistency is key, and small steps make consistency possible by keeping the task manageable. Another advantage of small steps is that they reduce anxiety. When you take on a huge task, it’s natural to feel nervous. ____39____ However, breaking it into small steps helps. You’ll feel a sense of accomplishment with each small win, which will motivate you to keep going. This positive cycle can turn even the most difficult goal into something manageable. Small steps teach a growth lesson. ____40____ So, the next time you’re faced with a big goal, don’t be afraid to start small. Remember, every great journey begins with a single step. A. Small steps help form good habits. B. We may even give up before starting. C. Work on the huge task a little bit daily. D. It changes quietly and steadily underground. E. But small steps have the power to change this. F. Small steps can by no means change the situation. G. They remind us that progress, not perfection, is what matters. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many years ago, I was on a bicycle trip through some exceedingly picturesque countryside. Suddenly, dark clouds ___41___ overhead and rain began to fall, but strange to relate, several hundred yards ahead of me the sun shone brilliantly. Riding, however, as rapidly as I could, I found it ___42___ to get into the clear. The clouds with their rain kept advancing faster than I could race forward. I continued this unequal contest for an exhausting half hour, ___43___ realizing that I could not win my way to the bright area ahead of me. Then it ___44___ me that I was wasting my strength in unimportant hurry, while paying no attention whatsoever to the landscape ___45___ which I was making the trip. The storm could not last forever and the discomfort was not unendurable. Indeed, there was much to look at which might otherwise have ___46___ me. As I gazed about with sharpened appreciation, I saw colours and lines and shapes that would have appeared ___47___ under brilliant light. The rain mists which now ___48___ the wooded hills and the fresh clearness of the different greens were entrancing. My ___49___ at the rain was gone and my eagerness to escape it vanished. It had provided me with a new view and helped me understand that the ___50___ of beauty and satisfaction may be found close at hand within the range of one’s own sensibilities. It made me think, then and later, about other matters to which this ___51___ was related. It helped me realize that there is no sense in my ___52___ ever to flee from circumstances and conditions which cannot be avoided but which I might bravely ___53___ and frequently mend and often turn to good account. I know that half the battle is won if I can face trouble with courage, and ___54___ with spirit. It has become ever clearer to me that danger is far from disaster, that defeat may be the forerunner of final ___55___, and that, in the last analysis, all achievement is dangerously weak unless based on enduring principles of moral conduct. 41. A. held up B. piled up C. lined up D. sprang up 42. A. urgent B. likely C. exhausting D. impossible 43. A. until B. after C. before D. while 44. A. dawned B. brought C. struck D. taught 45. A. in front of B. for the sake of C. on account of D. at the convenience of 46. A. entranced B. accompanied C. provided D. escaped 47. A. beautifully B. brightly C. clearly D. differently 48. A. crowned B. covered C. swept D. floated 49. A. attention B. annoyance C. sadness D. pleasure 50. A. sources B. resources C. causes D. courses 51. A. incident B. accident C. event D. phenomenon 52. A. requesting B. waiting C. attempting D. expecting 53. A. meet B. avoid C. decline D. change 54. A. happiness B. joy C. surprise D. disappointment 55. A. failure B. victory C. relief D. decision 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2025 “Xiangchao” (Hunan Football League) was far more than a sports event; it was ___56___ social phenomenon that breathed new life into the province. Initially starting as local games, these events quickly crossed the boundaries of the sports field and brought together people from all walks of life, all ___57___ (unite) by their love for the game. The real magic happened beyond the pitch. Stadium squares were transformed into lively night markets, ___58___ the air was filled with the inviting scent of local delicacies. This “event + consumption” model ___59___ (prove) to be a powerful engine for the local economy. More importantly, it offered a unique platform to showcase rural specialties, from house-made chili sauce to local rice noodles, helping these products reach ___60___ (wide) audiences and boosting farmers’ incomes. However, the most profound impact was ___61___ community spirit and youth development. Inspired by the players, many youngsters ___62___ (draw) from screens to sports fields. In some villages, retired players and college students even started organizing free coaching and tutoring sessions beside the new courts, ___63___ (combine) physical training with academic support. This spirit of self-reliance and joint effort is exactly ___64___ drives sustainable rural revitalization. Thus, a simple football has kicked off wide-ranging developments, powering the economy, connecting communities, and building a brighter future. It shows how sports can go beyond ___65___ (compete) to become a force for social good. 第四部分 单词填空(共三小节，满分20分) 第一节 根据首字母和中文提示填空(共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分) 66. People who c__________ (吃；喝) plenty of vegetables and fruits instead of junk food are more likely to stay energetic and healthy. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 67. So exhausted and hungry was the traveler that he finally c__________(晕倒) in the desert without any warning. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 68. Doctors suggest that we should take in enough dietary f_______ (纤维) to promote our physical health. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 69. The earthquake caused m__________ (非常严重的) damage to the local buildings and left thousands homeless. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 70. Had the engineering team a________ (预料) the potential effects of extreme weather conditions during the design phase, the destruction of the bridge would have been avoided. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 71. Only when you provide solid evidence and reasonable analysis can you j__________(证明……有道理) your decision completely. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 72. The government has taken a series of effective measures to improve social w__________ (福利) and ensure that people can live a happier and more secure life. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 第二节 用所给词的正确形式填空(共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分) 73. Regular physical activity, when done __________ (moderate), can bring more benefits to our health than extreme exercise routines. (所给词的适当形式填空) 74. Dumplings, a classic Chinese dish, are filled with a savory ___________ (stuff) of pork and vegetables, which can also be customized with shrimp or beef. (所给词的适当形式填空) 75. The soldier who rescued the drowning child was praised for his ___________ (exception) bravery. (所给词的适当形式填空) 76. A number of questions ___________ (arise) concerning the safety of the new method in the past two months, especially in emergency medical treatment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 77. Any unexpected ___________ (interrupt) to the stable supply of equipment and energy may lead to disastrous consequences during the operation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 78. The road is likely to become ___________ (slip) on rainy days, so drivers are reminded to reduce speed and keep a safe distance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 79. The audience burst into ________(thunder) applause for their wonderful performance. （所给词的适当形式填空） 第三节 根据句意，用所给词组的正确形式填空(共6小题;每小题1分，满分6分) 根据句意，用所给词组的正确形式填空 consist of owe … to … proceed to sth. prior to regardless of take sb’s breath away side with contrary to help sb. to one’s feet 80. ________ taking part in a basketball match, players should do adequate and targeted warm-up exercises in order to avoid muscle strains. 81. The magnificent view of Niagara Falls at sunset ________ the moment we stood by the shore and enjoyed it. 82. The school cooking club ________ 20 students who are keen on Chinese food culture gathers every week to explore diverse recipes and cooking techniques. 83. A truly kind person will always offer help to others ________ their social status, age or educational background. 84. Having obtained approval from the ethics committee, the medical team planned to ________ a series of clinical trials on the newly developed vaccine. 85. She openly ________ the weak and disadvantaged group in the speech, thus earning wide praise from the public. 第五部分 写作(共一小节，写作25分，书写5分，满分30分) 86. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. I’ve been saving up for the past month and I’m going to buy my mother a lipstick she loves,” Cherry, my friend, said on the way home from school. “See you tomorrow!” We waved goodbye as she went into a gift shop. But her excitement reminded me that I hadn’t prepared anything special for my mother yet. I continued walking along the road, carefully thinking about what gift I should choose. I had planned to buy her some flowers and chocolates. Now, compared with my friend’s lipstick, they seemed to be too simple. “Maybe I should go to the gift shop, too.” I told myself. I pushed open the door to a nearby shop and tried to find a perfect gift. I picked up a lipstick but immediately put it back after seeing its price. I could never afford that! Then I walked into another shop and saw a very lovely cup. “It’d be a wonderful gift and Mum would love it!” I thought. I picked it up and turned it over to see the price, hoping it was not too expensive. Once again, I couldn’t afford it. Feeling sad, I continued to wander around the shops until darkness fell outside. Eventually, I gave up and went home. When I opened the door, I was greeted by the good smell from the kitchen. “Mum, I am home!” I pretended to be cheerful. Mom turned around and kissed me lightly on the cheeks, saying, “Dinner is almost ready. Today, I happened to be able to come home a little bit earlier. I have made some of the snacks you loved when you were a kid. I really missed the happy time we spent together!” 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then and there, I had a good idea. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Early in the morning, I was woken up by the gentle knocks on my door. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度深圳外国语学校高二下学期期中考试英语试题 全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分 单项选择(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 1. Despite seasonal droughts and harsh mountain conditions, the ancient ecological water______ system has ensured stable agricultural output on steep slopes for thousands of years. A. irrigation B. distribution C. conservation D. leakage 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管有季节性干旱和恶劣的山区条件，古老的生态水利灌溉系统几千年来一直确保了陡坡上稳定的农业产量。A. irrigation灌溉；B. distribution分配；C. conservation保护；D. leakage泄漏。题干中提到ensured stable agricultural output（确保稳定的农业产量），结合语境可知，此处指“水利灌溉系统”（water irrigation system）克服了干旱条件从而保障了农业生产。 2. In order to maintain long-term balanced development of natural ecology, local governments spare no effort to permanently ______ rare wild animal habitats and restrict unreasonable human activities. A. nourish B. conserve C. revive D. foster 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：为了维持自然生态的长期平衡发展，地方政府不遗余力地永久保护珍稀野生动物栖息地，并限制不合理的人类活动。A. nourish滋养；B. conserve保护；C. revive使复苏；D. foster培养。根据后文rare wild animal habitats and restrict unreasonable human activities指地方政府不遗余力地永久保护珍稀野生动物栖息地。 3. Many rare wild creatures were completely ______ by widespread infectious diseases that spread rapidly across the entire natural reserve. A. looked into B. wiped out C. cried over D. cast a shadow over 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多珍稀野生动物被迅速蔓延整个自然保护区的大范围传染病彻底消灭了。A. look into调查；B. wipe out消灭；C. cry over为……哭泣；D. cast a shadow over给……蒙上阴影。根据后文by widespread infectious diseases that spread rapidly across the entire natural reserve指许多珍稀野生动物被迅速蔓延整个自然保护区的大范围传染病彻底消灭了，用wiped out。 4. Powerful inner mental ______ enables individuals to stay calm and make reasonable judgments even when they are trapped in unexpected severe troubles and long-term life pressures. A. expense B. livelihood C. distraction D. resilience 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：强大的内心抗压能力能让人即便陷入突发困境与长期生活压力中，依旧保持冷静并做出理性判断。A. expense开销；B. livelihood生计；C. distraction分心事物；D. resilience韧性，抗压能力。根据后文“even when they are trapped in unexpected severe troubles and long-term life pressures”可知，身处困境仍能保持冷静做出判断，此处指内心强大的抗压韧性。 5. People with genuine moral ______ will never choose to misreport facts, fake data or behave improperly just to gain temporary and limited personal benefits. A. trait B. reputation C. vice D. integrity 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：拥有真正道德操守的人绝不会为了短暂有限的个人利益而去谎报事实、伪造数据或是做出不当行为。A. trait特质；B. reputation名声；C. vice恶习；D. integrity正直，诚信。根据后文“will never choose to misreport facts, fake data or behave improperly just to gain temporary and limited personal benefits”可知，此处描述的是坚守原则不谋私利的行为，此处指高尚的道德品行与正直本心。 6. Strict national environmental protection regulations clearly forbid energy-intensive industrial factories to casually _______ large quantities of harmful waste gases into the atmospheric environment. A. leak B. neglect C. emit D. eliminate 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：严格的国家环境保护法规明确禁止高耗能工业工厂随意向大气环境中排放大量有害废气。A. leak泄漏； B. neglect忽视；C. emit排放；D. eliminate消除。根据下文“harmful waste gases”可知，此处用动词emit表示向大气中“排放”废气。 7. Cross-cultural exchanges help people appreciate different civilizations. People worldwide never fail to ______ the long history and unique charm of ancient relics. A. cope with B. roll in C. marvel at D. set out 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：跨文化交流帮助人们欣赏不同的文明。世界各地的人们无不对古代文物的悠久历史和独特魅力感到惊叹。A. cope with处理；B. roll in大量涌入；C. marvel at对……感到惊叹；D. set out出发。题干中包含重点句型never fail to do sth.，意为“总是做某事，无不……”。结合“appreciate different civilizations”可知，此处指“对古代文物的悠久历史和独特魅力感到惊叹”。 8. The subtle cultural differences between regions are difficult to perceive directly, yet they deeply ______ people’s ways of thinking and daily behavioral patterns silently. A. elevate B. mirror C. merge D. insert 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：地区之间微妙的文化差异很难直接察觉，然而它们却在无声中深深地反映了人们的思维方式和日常行为模式。A. elevate提升；B. mirror反映；C. merge合并；D. insert插入。根据句意，文化差异虽然难以直接察觉，但却能真实地反映出人们的思维方式和行为模式，mirror符合语境。 9. Faced with intricate adversity and long-term pressure, outstanding teenagers hold firm positive ______ and make rational choices calmly. A. mindset B. essence C. revenue D. attachment 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：面对错综复杂的困境与长期压力，优秀青少年秉持坚定积极的心态，冷静做出理性抉择。A. mindset心态；B. essence本质；C. revenue收益；D. attachment依恋。根据句意和“firm positive”可知，此处指坚定积极心态，mindset符合语境。 10. Excellent literary works can ________strong emotional feelings among readers. A. evoke B. arise C. nourish D. elevate 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：优秀的文学作品能在读者中唤起强烈的情感。A. evoke唤起；B. arise出现；C. nourish滋养；D. elevate提升。空处需要填入一个及物动词，且能与宾语“strong emotional feelings（强烈的情感）”搭配，表示“唤起情感”，evoke符合语境。 11. At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A. where B. which C. that D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。 12. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 13. In the early 19th century, a group of readers gathered in ________ is now a historic downtown district to share books and ideas, one of the early forms that eventually led to modern public libraries. A. what B. where C. which D. that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在19世纪早期，一群读者聚集在现在是一个历史悠久的市中心街区的地方分享书籍和思想，这是最终促成现代公共图书馆的早期形式之一。空处位于介词in之后，引导宾语从句作介词的宾语，在宾语从句中，缺少主语，且表示“……的地方”，应用连接代词what引导，what在此处相当于the place that。 14. We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school. A. unless B. once C. whether D. because 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。 15. __________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him. A. If B. Since C. Although D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然他能给她同情，但是他几乎无法提供任何实际的帮助。前后文是转折关系，故用although引导的让步状语从句，if引导条件状语从句；since引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句；until引导时间状语从句。故选C。 16. The success of the project depends largely ______ effective communication and close cooperation ______ all team members. A. on; between B. in; among C. on; with D. in; from 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个项目的成功在很大程度上取决于所有团队成员之间的有效沟通和密切合作。depend on为固定搭配，意为“取决于，依赖于”；第二空所在处表示“在所有团队成员之间”，between可用于三者或三者以上，强调多方之间相互的联系与合作（突出每两个个体之间的相互关联）。 17. ______ the fact that he had not prepared well, he managed to pass the exam ______ only two points. A. In spite of; by B. Regardless of; with C. Despite; in D. Though; on 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管他没有准备好，他还是设法以仅仅两分之差通过了考试。A. In spite of尽管；by相差；B. Regardless of不管；with带有；C. Despite尽管；in在……里；D. Though虽然；on在……上。第一空后接名词短语the fact，表示“尽管”，应用介词短语in spite of或介词despite，though是连词，通常后接句子；第二空表示“以……的差距”，应用介词by。 18. The research findings are not consistent ______ the previous theory, which calls ______ a thorough review of our hypothesis. A. to; for B. with; for C. to; on D. with; in 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：研究结果与先前的理论不一致，这需要对我们的假设进行彻底的审查。第一空，be consistent with为固定搭配，意为“与……一致”；第二空，call for为固定短语，意为“需要，要求”，符合语境。 19. The local residents’ protest was aimed ______ raising public awareness ______ the potential health risks of the new chemical plant. A. to; about B. at; of C. for; on D. toward; against 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当地居民的抗议旨在提高公众对新化工厂潜在健康风险的认识。第一空为固定短语be aimed at doing sth.意为“旨在做某事”，所以此处使用介词at；awareness of sth. 为固定搭配，意为“对……的认识/意识”，所以第二空使用介词of。 20. The sudden change in weather caught us ________ surprise, and we were left completely unprepared ________ the heavy rain. A. by; for B. in; to C. with; against D. at; with 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：天气骤变让我们猝不及防，我们完全没做好应对大雨的准备。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查固定搭配catch sb.by surprise，表“使某人猝不及防”，第二空考查be unprepared for，表“未做好……的准备”，两组搭配均符合语境。 第二部分 阅读(共两部分，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A The social purpose of the copyright system is to encourage creativity and the advancement of knowledge by giving those who make intellectual (智力的) contributions a “unique right to their writings and discoveries” for limited times. Protection is provided for a much longer time for copyrights than for patents. The U.S. Copyright Law of 1976 provides a term or the lifetime of the author plus 50 years. It recognizes that the value of written works often extends over a longer time than that of technological advances in the public area. It is essential to register for formal copyright protection in order to have some degree of protection against the copyright of one’s works by others. The procedure for obtaining a copyright registration is quite simple—an application is submitted with a small fee and two copies of the work. No examination is made, and the copyright is immediately in force. The Copyright Office will provide on request a variety of leaflets (小册子) describing the procedure and giving information about the classes of subject matter that can be registered. Those are subject to protection: (1) Books and newspapers (2) Lectures (3) Dramatic compositions (4) Films (5) Maps (6) Works of ant (7) Sound recordings (8) Photographs (9) Prints and labels (10) Musical compositions Those are not subject to protection: (1) Ideas (2) Systems, methods and plans (3) Government publications (4) Laws and opinions of courts You can contact the Copyright Office (wwcoprightfice.org) for more information. 21. In which aspect do copyrights differ from patents? A. The application fee. B. The duration of protection. C. The intellectual value. D. The contribution to society. 22. Which of the following should you provide for copyright registration? A. Copies of your work. B. Photos of yourself. C. Introductory leaflets. D. Examination certificates. 23. According to the text, the Copyright Office may reject ______. A. a movie about a new method of time travel B. an original musical composition for children C. a book about one’s opinions on American laws D. an official document issued by the local county 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是版权制度，获得版权注册的程序和版权局接受和不接受的东西。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Protection is provided for a much longer time for copyrights than for patents.(版权的保护期比专利的保护期长得多。)”可知，版权和专利的保护期限不同，故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The procedure for obtaining a copyright registration is quite simple—an application is submitted with a small fee and two copies of the work.(获得版权注册的程序非常简单——提交申请，只需支付少量费用和两份作品副本。)”可知，你应提供你作品的副本来作版权登记，故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据Those are not subject to protection:部分的“Government publications(政府出版物)”可知，版权局可能会拒绝当地县政府发布的官方文件，故选D。 B Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”. 24. What does the author say about doctors in general? A. They like flying by themselves. B. They are unwilling to take advice. C. They pretend to be good pilots. D. They are quick learners of CRM. 25. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_______. A. he saved the plane by speaking up B. he was in charge of a flying task C. his boss landed the plane too late D. his boss operated on a patient 26. In the last paragraph“landing gear up” probably means ______. A. following flying requirements. B. overreacting to different opinions. C. listening to what fellow doctors say D. making a mistake that may cost lives 27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C. The Making of a Good Pilot D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【分析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，题材是故事。作者讲述了自己把当飞行员时学会的机组资源管理理念运用到后来自己从医的手术室中。飞行经历使自己成为一名更出色的医生。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一行的 “Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all.(众所周知，医生是糟糕飞行员。他们不听，因为他们已经知道了一切。) ”可知，作者总体上认为doctors不喜欢倾听，他们认为他们什么都懂。B选项“他们不愿意采纳意见”符合文意，故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.（我们的生命处于危险之中，危机时刻我大声地说：“我们必须按下起降架” 这是我运用CRM的第一堂课。）”可知，作者在经历了一次飞行，给上级提了意见之后，对CRM有了更深的理解，故选A。 【26题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段的“We need to put the landing gear down now!（我们必须按下起降架） ”可知，作者提出的降下起落架的建议，使飞机安全着陆；keep sb from doing sth阻止某人某事，这里用的是”landing gear up”，是相反的情况，言外之意是，作者希望有人能够勇敢提出意见，以避免发生危险的事情。划线部分指的是危险的事情，D选项“犯以生命为代价的错误”，符合文意，故选D。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。作者通过当飞行员的经历，学到了CRM，并运用到了自己的工作中，文章主要讲的是CRM带给作者的好处，B项“飞行使我成为一个更好的医生”最符合题意，故选B。 C On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 28. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 29. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 30. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 31. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 【点睛】 D Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 32. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. B. Everyone can define time on their own terms. C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. 33. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ________. A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach 34. What can we learn from this passage? A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame. 35. Which view is closest to the author’s opinion? A. Time will tell. B. Everything is relative. C. Well begun is half done. D. Time and tide wait for no man. 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文打破传统时间定义，介绍依托河流环境变化的新型计时方式，指出计时方式由来已久，不同语境下时间意义不同，还能提升人们环保意识。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.(即便是前沿物理学也无法确切说出时间究竟是什么，因为答案取决于你所提出的问题。)”以及上文的例子“Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right.(五世纪初的哲学家圣・奥古斯丁曾写下一句名言：没人问起时，他深知时间为何物，一旦被问及，反倒茫然不解。阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦又提出了新的见解，他提出理论认为，测量地点不同，时间也会产生差异。如今顶尖的原子钟已然证实了爱因斯坦的这一观点。)”可知，本段主要说明时间没有统一的绝对定义，每个人都可以依据自身角度自行定义时间。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?(倘若我们不再从天文角度界定时间，而是将时间与生态关联起来，会怎样？倘若我们顺应自然环境的节奏来安排人类生活，又会如何？我们愈发清楚，仅凭工程手段根本无法掌控地球生态系统，也逐渐意识到，若想与自然和谐共生，就必须约束自身行为。要是我们对时间的定义也能体现这一理念，那该多好？)”以及第三段“Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming.(最近，我构思了一种新的计时方法，它与我们地球上的环境状况相关——这些状况可能会因全球变暖而改变。)”可知，作者连用三个问句，目的是引出下文这种全新的计时思路与方法。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect.(如果河流平均流速变快，这座时钟就会比标准时间走得快；如果流速变慢，则会出现相反的情况。)”可知，河流流速变慢时，河流时间会慢于原子标准时间，也就是原子时间会领先于河流时间。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段段首句“Forget about time as an absolute.(别再把时间看作绝对恒定的存在。)”以及最后一段“Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.(时间只有在特定情境下才有意义，任何计时方式都合理，其价值取决于自身用途。)”可知，作者认为不存在绝对的标准，一切都是相对的，即作者秉持万事皆相对的观点，与“Everything is relative”表意一致。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Power of Small Steps In a world that often celebrates big achievements and overnight success, it’s easy to overlook the power of small, consistent steps. Many of us set grand goals, only to feel discouraged when progress is slow or invisible, failing to realise that lasting success is rarely built in a flash. ____36____ Small steps are the building blocks of great things. Think about how a seed grows into a tall tree. It doesn’t happen in a day. ____37____ Every day, it absorbs sunlight and water, pushing its roots deeper into the soil, until one day, it stands tall and strong, a proof of patience and persistence (坚持). Our goals are like that seed — they need time and daily care. ____38____ For example, if your goal is to improve your English, reading a short passage every day is better than trying to finish a thick book in one weekend. The former builds a habit; the latter often leads to burnout. Consistency is key, and small steps make consistency possible by keeping the task manageable. Another advantage of small steps is that they reduce anxiety. When you take on a huge task, it’s natural to feel nervous. ____39____ However, breaking it into small steps helps. You’ll feel a sense of accomplishment with each small win, which will motivate you to keep going. This positive cycle can turn even the most difficult goal into something manageable. Small steps teach a growth lesson. ____40____ So, the next time you’re faced with a big goal, don’t be afraid to start small. Remember, every great journey begins with a single step. A. Small steps help form good habits. B. We may even give up before starting. C. Work on the huge task a little bit daily. D. It changes quietly and steadily underground. E. But small steps have the power to change this. F. Small steps can by no means change the situation. G. They remind us that progress, not perfection, is what matters. 【答案】36. E 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要论述小步骤的力量，强调坚持小事能积累成功、缓解焦虑、助力成长。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Many of us set grand goals, only to feel discouraged when progress is slow or invisible, failing to realise that lasting success is rarely built in a flash.(我们很多人设定宏伟目标，却因进展缓慢或看不见而气馁，没意识到持久的成功很少一蹴而就)”可知，上文提及设定大目标的弊端，空处应引出小步骤的作用形成转折，E选项“But small steps have the power to change this.(但小步骤有能力改变这种情况)”承接上文弊端，引出下文小步骤的意义，符合语境。故选E项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“It doesn’t happen in a day.(这不是一天就能实现的)”和下文“Every day, it absorbs sunlight and water, pushing its roots deeper into the soil(它每天吸收阳光和水分，把根往土壤深处扎)”可知，空处描述种子默默生长的状态，D选项“It changes quietly and steadily underground.(它在地下安静而稳定地生长变化)”衔接种子生长的前后文，符合语境。故选D项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“For example, if your goal is to improve your English, reading a short passage every day is better than trying to finish a thick book in one weekend. The former builds a habit(例如，如果你的目标是提高英语，每天读一篇短文比周末读完一本厚书更好，前者能养成习惯)”可知，本段围绕小步骤与习惯养成展开，A选项“Small steps help form good habits.(小步骤有助于养成好习惯)”总起本段，符合语境。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“When you take on a huge task, it’s natural to feel nervous.(当你承担一项艰巨任务时，感到紧张是很自然的)”可知，上文提及面对大任务的焦虑情绪，空处进一步说明这种情绪带来的后果，B选项“We may even give up before starting.(我们甚至可能在开始前就放弃)”承接上文紧张情绪，引出后文拆分小任务的解决办法，符合语境。故选B项。 【40题详解】 根据上文“Small steps teach a growth lesson.(小步骤能教会我们成长的道理)”可知，空处具体阐述小步骤带来的成长启示，G选项“They remind us that progress, not perfection, is what matters.(它们提醒我们，重要的是进步，而不是完美)”解释小步骤的成长意义，衔接下文总结，符合语境。故选G项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many years ago, I was on a bicycle trip through some exceedingly picturesque countryside. Suddenly, dark clouds ___41___ overhead and rain began to fall, but strange to relate, several hundred yards ahead of me the sun shone brilliantly. Riding, however, as rapidly as I could, I found it ___42___ to get into the clear. The clouds with their rain kept advancing faster than I could race forward. I continued this unequal contest for an exhausting half hour, ___43___ realizing that I could not win my way to the bright area ahead of me. Then it ___44___ me that I was wasting my strength in unimportant hurry, while paying no attention whatsoever to the landscape ___45___ which I was making the trip. The storm could not last forever and the discomfort was not unendurable. Indeed, there was much to look at which might otherwise have ___46___ me. As I gazed about with sharpened appreciation, I saw colours and lines and shapes that would have appeared ___47___ under brilliant light. The rain mists which now ___48___ the wooded hills and the fresh clearness of the different greens were entrancing. My ___49___ at the rain was gone and my eagerness to escape it vanished. It had provided me with a new view and helped me understand that the ___50___ of beauty and satisfaction may be found close at hand within the range of one’s own sensibilities. It made me think, then and later, about other matters to which this ___51___ was related. It helped me realize that there is no sense in my ___52___ ever to flee from circumstances and conditions which cannot be avoided but which I might bravely ___53___ and frequently mend and often turn to good account. I know that half the battle is won if I can face trouble with courage, and ___54___ with spirit. It has become ever clearer to me that danger is far from disaster, that defeat may be the forerunner of final ___55___, and that, in the last analysis, all achievement is dangerously weak unless based on enduring principles of moral conduct. 41. A. held up B. piled up C. lined up D. sprang up 42. A. urgent B. likely C. exhausting D. impossible 43. A. until B. after C. before D. while 44. A. dawned B. brought C. struck D. taught 45. A. in front of B. for the sake of C. on account of D. at the convenience of 46. A. entranced B. accompanied C. provided D. escaped 47. A. beautifully B. brightly C. clearly D. differently 48. A. crowned B. covered C. swept D. floated 49. A. attention B. annoyance C. sadness D. pleasure 50. A. sources B. resources C. causes D. courses 51. A. incident B. accident C. event D. phenomenon 52. A. requesting B. waiting C. attempting D. expecting 53. A. meet B. avoid C. decline D. change 54. A. happiness B. joy C. surprise D. disappointment 55. A. failure B. victory C. relief D. decision 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】作者雨中骑行急于逃离雨天无果，静心赏景悟出道理：不必逃避困境，坦然直面挫折，用心感受当下，逆境往往能铺垫最终的成功。 【41题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：突然间乌云在头顶聚集，大雨开始落下。A. held up举起；B. piled up聚集；C. lined up排队；D. sprang up涌现。根据后文“rain began to fall”以及常识可知，乌云聚集后才降下大雨。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我拼尽全力骑行，却发现根本无法驶入晴朗地带。A. urgent紧急的；B. likely可能的；C. exhausting令人疲惫的；D. impossible不可能的。根据后文“The clouds with their rain kept advancing faster than I could race forward”可知，雨云移动速度远超骑行速度，想要冲进晴天区域是做不到的。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：这场耗费体力的比拼持续了半个小时，我才意识到自己还没能抵达前方晴朗之地。A. until直到；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前；D. while当……时。根据前文“I continued this unequal contest for an exhausting half hour”描述持续奋力追赶可知，此处作者在醒悟过来之前坚持了许久。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：这时我突然想到，我一直在无谓地耗费力气匆忙赶路，全然忽略了我此番出行一心想要欣赏的自然风光。A. dawned领悟；B. brought带来；C. struck突然想到；D. taught教导。根据后文“I was wasting my strength in unimportant hurry”可知，此处指作者内心萌生全新感悟，it struck sb.that...，表“某人突然意识到”，符合语境。 【45题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：这时我突然想到，我一直在无谓地耗费力气匆忙赶路，全然忽略了我此番出行一心想要欣赏的自然风光。A. in front of在……前面；B. for the sake of为了；C. on account of因为；D. at the convenience of就……方便。根据前文“I was on a bicycle trip through some exceedingly picturesque countryside”可知，作者骑行旅行本就是为了欣赏美景，for the sake of符合语境。 【46题详解】 考查动词。句意：其实沿途有诸多美景，若是一心赶路原本都会与我擦肩而过。A. entranced使着迷；B. accompanied陪伴；C. provided提供；D. escaped错过、避开。根据前文“paying no attention whatsoever to the landscape”描述作者此前只顾躲避雨天无心观景可知，这些景致原本都会被自己错过。 【47题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我带着愈发细腻的欣赏目光环顾四周时，我看到了诸多色彩、线条与轮廓，这些景致在耀眼的强光之下，原本会呈现出截然不同的模样。A. beautifully优美地；B. brightly明亮地；C. clearly清晰地；D. differently不同地。根据后文“The rain mists which now 　　　 the wooded hills and the fresh clearness of the different greens were entrancing”描述雨天雾气营造出独特美感可知，此处指晴天和雨天的风光样貌大有区别。 【48题详解】 考查动词。句意：此刻雨雾萦绕在林木繁茂的山丘顶端，层次分明的清新绿意格外迷人。A. crowned笼罩于顶端；B. covered全面覆盖；C. swept清扫；D. floated漂浮。根据后文“the wooded hills”以及语境可知，此处描绘山间雨雾萦绕山头的唯美画面。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：我对阴雨天气的烦闷情绪消散殆尽，急于逃离雨天的念头也消失了。A. attention注意力；B. annoyance烦躁、恼怒；C. sadness悲伤；D. pleasure愉悦。根据前文“I continued this unequal contest for an exhausting half hour”以及语境可知，作者一心想要躲开大雨内心满心焦躁，此刻这份负面情绪慢慢褪去。 【50题详解】 考查名词。句意：这场大雨为我开启了全新视角，也让我明白：美好与愉悦的源泉，往往近在咫尺，就藏在人自身的感知之中。A. sources源泉、来源；B. resources资源；C. causes缘由；D. courses进程。根据后文“close at hand within the range of one’s own sensibilities”以及语境可知，此处指美好事物与内心满足感的出处就在身边。 【51题详解】 考查名词。句意：这件事让我当时乃至往后，都开始思索与之相关的种种世事。A. incident日常小事；B. accident意外事故；C. event重大事件；D. phenomenon现象。根据前文“Riding, however, as rapidly as I could, I found it 　　　 to get into the clear. ”以及语境可知，此处指雨中骑行只是生活里一件平常小事。 【52题详解】 考查动词。句意：这让我明白，对于那些无法回避的境遇，逃避毫无意义。我大可勇敢直面，时常加以改善，还往往能将其转化为有利之事。A. requesting请求；B. waiting等待；C. attempting试图；D. expecting期盼。根据上文作者努力骑出阴雨地带和后文“ever to flee from circumstances and conditions which cannot be avoided”以及语境可知，此处指逃避困境没有实际作用，不要总想着试图逃离现实困境。 【53题详解】 考查动词。句意：这让我明白，对于那些无法回避的境遇，逃避毫无意义。我大可勇敢直面，时常加以改善，还往往能将其转化为有利之事。A. meet直面、迎接；B. avoid避免；C. decline回绝；D. change改变。根据前文“there is no sense in my 　　　 ever to flee from circumstances”和后文“face trouble with courage”点明不要逃避可知，此处指要主动坦然面对无法避开的境遇。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：我深知，若能勇敢直面困境、坦然振作面对失意，便已然成功了大半。A. happiness幸福；B. joy喜悦；C. surprise惊喜；D. disappointment失意、沮丧。根据前文“I know that half the battle is won if I can face trouble with courage”描述直面困难需要勇气可知，与之对应的便是从容面对人生中的失落与不顺。 【55题详解】 考查名词。句意：我愈发清楚地认识到：危险绝非灾难，失败或许是最终胜利的前兆。归根结底，一切成就若不建立在恒久的道德行为准则之上，终究不堪一击。A. failure失败；B. victory胜利；C. relief宽慰；D. decision决定。根据前文“I might bravely 　　　 and frequently mend and often turn to good account”描述逆境能够转化为顺境可知，此处指暂时的失败往往铺垫着最后的成功与胜利。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2025 “Xiangchao” (Hunan Football League) was far more than a sports event; it was ___56___ social phenomenon that breathed new life into the province. Initially starting as local games, these events quickly crossed the boundaries of the sports field and brought together people from all walks of life, all ___57___ (unite) by their love for the game. The real magic happened beyond the pitch. Stadium squares were transformed into lively night markets, ___58___ the air was filled with the inviting scent of local delicacies. This “event + consumption” model ___59___ (prove) to be a powerful engine for the local economy. More importantly, it offered a unique platform to showcase rural specialties, from house-made chili sauce to local rice noodles, helping these products reach ___60___ (wide) audiences and boosting farmers’ incomes. However, the most profound impact was ___61___ community spirit and youth development. Inspired by the players, many youngsters ___62___ (draw) from screens to sports fields. In some villages, retired players and college students even started organizing free coaching and tutoring sessions beside the new courts, ___63___ (combine) physical training with academic support. This spirit of self-reliance and joint effort is exactly ___64___ drives sustainable rural revitalization. Thus, a simple football has kicked off wide-ranging developments, powering the economy, connecting communities, and building a brighter future. It shows how sports can go beyond ___65___ (compete) to become a force for social good. 【答案】56.  a 57. united 58. where 59. proved 60. wider 61. on 62. were drawn 63. combining 64. what 65. competition 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述湖南湘超联赛不只是体育赛事，还拉动地方消费、推广乡土特产，凝聚社群力量、带动青少年走出屏幕，以体育之力助力乡村全面发展。 【56题详解】 考查冠词。句意：2025年湘超联赛早已不只是一场体育赛事，更是一股为湖南注入活力的社会风潮。此处泛指“一种社会现象”，且social以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：起初这些只是地方性赛事，很快便走出赛场范围，汇聚了各行各业的人们，所有人都因热爱这项运动而凝聚在一起。此处为独立主格结构，people与unite为被动关系，用过去分词united。 【58题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：球场广场变身热闹夜市，空气中弥漫着特色美食的诱人香气。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为地点名词night markets，从句缺地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 【59题详解】 考查时态。句意：这种“赛事+消费”的模式被证明是当地经济发展的强大动力。此空为谓语动词，全文是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，结合空后“to be a powerful engine”可知，句中prove为系动词，无被动语态，所以应填proved。 【60题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：更重要的是，它搭建了特色展示平台，从自制辣酱到本地米粉等各类乡村特产得以亮相，助力这些产品走向更广阔的受众群体，同时增加了农民收入。结合句意及“boosting farmers’ incomes”可知，此处指“接触更广泛的受众”，空处应用形容词比较级wider作定语。 【61题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，其最为深远的影响体现在社群风气营造与青少年成长发展方面。此处考查固定搭配impact on…，表示“对……的影响”。 【62题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：受球员们感召，许多青少年走出电子屏幕，走向运动场。此处为谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事，主语youngsters与draw为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态were drawn。 【63题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在部分乡村，退役运动员与大学生还在新建球场旁开设免费辅导课程，将体能训练与学业帮扶结合起来。此处为非谓语，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，与combine为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作伴随状语。 【64题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这种自力更生、齐心协力的精神，正是推动乡村振兴持续发展的核心力量。这里为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物，用连接代词what。 【65题详解】 考查名词。句意：这也印证了体育能够超越竞技本身，成为助力社会向好发展的力量。介词beyond后接名词，compete的名词形式为competition，表“竞争”，为不可数名词。 第四部分 单词填空(共三小节，满分20分) 第一节 根据首字母和中文提示填空(共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分) 66. People who c__________ (吃；喝) plenty of vegetables and fruits instead of junk food are more likely to stay energetic and healthy. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】consume##onsume 【解析】 【详解】句意：食用大量蔬菜水果而非垃圾食品的人更易保持精力充沛、身体健康。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“吃；喝”应用动词consume；结合后文的are可知，句子描述客观情况，为一般现在时，关系词指代的先行词people为复数，定语从句的谓语动词用原形。 67. So exhausted and hungry was the traveler that he finally c__________(晕倒) in the desert without any warning. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】collapsed##ollapsed 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位旅行者又累又饿，最终毫无征兆地晕倒在了沙漠里。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“晕倒”应用动词collapse，由主句时态可知，这里应用一般过去时collapsed。 68. Doctors suggest that we should take in enough dietary f_______ (纤维) to promote our physical health. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】fibre##ibre 【解析】 【详解】句意：医生建议我们摄入足量膳食纤维来促进身体健康。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“纤维”应用名词fibre，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。 69. The earthquake caused m__________ (非常严重的) damage to the local buildings and left thousands homeless. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】massive##assive 【解析】 【详解】句意：这场地震给当地的建筑物造成了严重破坏，并导致数千人无家可归。根据中英文提示可知用形容词massive，修饰名词damage，作定语。 70. Had the engineering team a________ (预料) the potential effects of extreme weather conditions during the design phase, the destruction of the bridge would have been avoided. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】anticipated##nticipated 【解析】 【详解】句意：倘若工程团队在设计阶段就预料到极端天气带来的潜在影响，这座桥梁损毁本是可以避免的。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“预料”应用动词anticipate，本句为虚拟条件句省略if引起的倒装结构，主语是the engineering team，助动词had后用过去分词形式，填过去分词anticipated构成过去完成时态。 71. Only when you provide solid evidence and reasonable analysis can you j__________(证明……有道理) your decision completely. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】justify##ustify 【解析】 【详解】句意：只有拿出确凿证据与合理分析，你才能充分证明自己的决定有理有据。根据中英文提示可知用动词justify，且can后跟动词原形。 72. The government has taken a series of effective measures to improve social w__________ (福利) and ensure that people can live a happier and more secure life. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】welfare##elfare 【解析】 【详解】句意：政府已采取一系列有效措施改善社会福利，确保人们能过上更幸福安稳的生活。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“福利”应用名词welfare，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。 第二节 用所给词的正确形式填空(共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分) 73. Regular physical activity, when done __________ (moderate), can bring more benefits to our health than extreme exercise routines. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】moderately 【解析】 【详解】句意：适度进行的常规体育锻炼，相比极端的运动训练，更能为我们的健康带来益处。修饰动词done用副词moderately。 74. Dumplings, a classic Chinese dish, are filled with a savory ___________ (stuff) of pork and vegetables, which can also be customized with shrimp or beef. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stuffing 【解析】 【详解】句意：饺子是经典的中国美食，内馅是猪肉和蔬菜制成的咸鲜馅料，也可换成虾仁或牛肉馅料。分析句子结构可知，形容词savory后接名词，stuff的名词形式stuffing，表示“馅料”，由空前a可知，这里应用单数形式。 75. The soldier who rescued the drowning child was praised for his ___________ (exception) bravery. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exceptional 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位营救落水儿童的士兵因其非凡的勇气受到了表彰。分析句子结构可知，名词bravery前需用形容词作定语，exception的形容词形式为exceptional，意为“杰出的、非凡的”，符合语境。 76. A number of questions ___________ (arise) concerning the safety of the new method in the past two months, especially in emergency medical treatment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have arisen 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的两个月里，有关这种新方法安全性的诸多问题已经浮现出来，尤其是在紧急医疗救治方面。根据后文in the past two months可知为现在完成时，主语为A number of questions，助动词用have。 77. Any unexpected ___________ (interrupt) to the stable supply of equipment and energy may lead to disastrous consequences during the operation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】interruption 【解析】 【详解】句意：任何对设备及能源稳定供应的意外中断，都可能在运行过程中导致严重的后果。作主语，用名词interruption，不可数。 78. The road is likely to become ___________ (slip) on rainy days, so drivers are reminded to reduce speed and keep a safe distance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】slippery 【解析】 【详解】句意：这条路在雨天容易变滑，因此提醒司机减速并保持安全车距。系动词become后接形容词作表语，slip的形容词形式为slippery，意为“滑的”，符合语境。 79. The audience burst into ________(thunder) applause for their wonderful performance. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】thunderous 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：观众对他们的精彩表演报以雷鸣般的掌声。空处修饰名词applause，提示词的形容词形式thunderous“雷鸣般的”符合题意，作前置定语。故填thunderous。 第三节 根据句意，用所给词组的正确形式填空(共6小题;每小题1分，满分6分) 根据句意，用所给词组的正确形式填空 consist of owe … to … proceed to sth. prior to regardless of take sb’s breath away side with contrary to help sb. to one’s feet 80. ________ taking part in a basketball match, players should do adequate and targeted warm-up exercises in order to avoid muscle strains. 81. The magnificent view of Niagara Falls at sunset ________ the moment we stood by the shore and enjoyed it. 82. The school cooking club ________ 20 students who are keen on Chinese food culture gathers every week to explore diverse recipes and cooking techniques. 83. A truly kind person will always offer help to others ________ their social status, age or educational background. 84. Having obtained approval from the ethics committee, the medical team planned to ________ a series of clinical trials on the newly developed vaccine. 85. She openly ________ the weak and disadvantaged group in the speech, thus earning wide praise from the public. 【答案】80. Prior to 81. took our breath away 82. consisting of 83. regardless of 84.  proceed to 85. sided with 【解析】 【80题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：在参加篮球比赛之前，运动员应做充分且有针对性的热身运动，以防肌肉拉伤。此处需填介词短语作状语，prior to，表示“在……之前”，符合“赛前准备”语境，且句首时首字母应大写。 【81题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当我们站在岸边欣赏的那一刻，尼亚加拉瀑布日落时的壮丽景色令我们惊叹不已。此空应填动词短语作谓语，take one’s breath away，表示“令人惊叹”；由stood可知，此处应用一般过去时，再结合we可知，这里应用took our breath away。 【82题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：由20名热爱中国饮食文化的学生组成的学校烹饪俱乐部，每周聚会探索多样食谱与烹饪技巧。分析句子结构可知，此处需填非谓语动词短语作后置定语，consist of，表示“由……组成”，与club为主动关系，用现在分词consisting of。 【83题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：真正善良的人总会帮助他人，无论对方的社会地位、年龄或教育背景如何。此处需填介词短语作状语，regardless of，表示“不管；不顾”，符合“无条件助人”语境。 【84题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：获得伦理委员会批准后，医疗队计划着手开展一系列新疫苗临床试验。plan to后接动词原形，proceed to sth.，表“着手进行”，符合“开展试验”语境。 【85题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她在演讲中公开支持弱势群体，因此赢得公众广泛赞誉。此空应填动词短语作谓语，side with，表示“支持；偏袒”；由earned可知这里应用一般过去时，side的过去式为sided。 第五部分 写作(共一小节，写作25分，书写5分，满分30分) 86. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. I’ve been saving up for the past month and I’m going to buy my mother a lipstick she loves,” Cherry, my friend, said on the way home from school. “See you tomorrow!” We waved goodbye as she went into a gift shop. But her excitement reminded me that I hadn’t prepared anything special for my mother yet. I continued walking along the road, carefully thinking about what gift I should choose. I had planned to buy her some flowers and chocolates. Now, compared with my friend’s lipstick, they seemed to be too simple. “Maybe I should go to the gift shop, too.” I told myself. I pushed open the door to a nearby shop and tried to find a perfect gift. I picked up a lipstick but immediately put it back after seeing its price. I could never afford that! Then I walked into another shop and saw a very lovely cup. “It’d be a wonderful gift and Mum would love it!” I thought. I picked it up and turned it over to see the price, hoping it was not too expensive. Once again, I couldn’t afford it. Feeling sad, I continued to wander around the shops until darkness fell outside. Eventually, I gave up and went home. When I opened the door, I was greeted by the good smell from the kitchen. “Mum, I am home!” I pretended to be cheerful. Mom turned around and kissed me lightly on the cheeks, saying, “Dinner is almost ready. Today, I happened to be able to come home a little bit earlier. I have made some of the snacks you loved when you were a kid. I really missed the happy time we spent together!” 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then and there, I had a good idea. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Early in the morning, I was woken up by the gentle knocks on my door. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Just then and there, I had a good idea. Since there was no time or money for me to buy a gift, I decided to write a letter to express my love to my mother. Having finished the letter, I ran through the album and selected a picture in which Mum and I were having a picnic in a park. After the clock on my bedroom wall struck 11 pm, I went out to the sitting room and put the letter on the table, hoping that she would see it in the morning. Early in the morning, I was woken up by the gentle knocks on my door. I jumped out of bed and opened the door. There stood my mother, holding tightly to her chest the letter and the picture. Even in the darkness, I still could feel her excitement. “I love the letter and the picture! It is the best gift I have ever received!” my mother said. “The picture has reminded me the happy moments we spent together! Thank you, my sweetheart!” 【解析】 【导语】本文以母亲节礼物为线索。朋友Cherry告诉作者第二天就是母亲了，她精心给妈妈挑了一支口红，而这提醒作者还没有为妈妈准备礼物。作者逛了好几家礼品店，发现自己买不起一件像样的礼物。回到家里后作者发现妈妈做了小吃，并且妈妈说怀念过去度过的美好时光，作者突然想到可以给妈妈写一封信，并选了一张和妈妈一起在公园野餐的照片，这让妈妈非常开心。 【详解】1. 续写线索： ①由续写第一段首句“就在那时，我有一个好主意。”可知，第一段可以描写作者为妈妈准备母亲节礼物的情况。 ②由续写第二段首句“一大早，我就被轻轻的敲门声吵醒了。”可知，第二段可以描写妈妈看到母亲节礼物后非常感动和兴奋。 2. 段落续写：作者想到一个好主意——作者决定写封信并准备一张和妈妈的照片——一大早妈妈看到礼物后很激动 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①购买：buy/purchase ②挑选：select/pick ③希望：hope/wish 情绪类 ①兴奋：excitement/thrill ②快乐的：happy/pleasant/delightful 【点睛】【高分句型1】Having finished the letter, I ran through the album and selected a picture in which Mum and I were having a picnic in a park.(使用了现在分词的完成式作状语、“介词+which”引导定语从句) 【高分句型2】There stood my mother, holding tightly to her chest the letter and the picture. (使用了完全倒装、现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $