Unit 2 Understanding each other Grammar&Integrated skills 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案以选择性必修四U2“跨文化理解”为主题，围绕复习单元重点词汇用法和提升阅读理解力的目标，通过词性转换、语法与用法、综合技能到阅读组合训练的递进式任务设计，构建连贯的单元复习学习路径。 亮点在于语法词汇深度学习与阅读能力训练的有机融合，如通过词性转换夯实基础，结合preference等词汇的用法归纳及单句语法填空提升语言能力，借助七选五、语法填空和阅读理解练习培养思维品质，为教师实施单元复习提供系统支撑，促进学生语言综合运用能力的提升。

选择性必修四U2 Understanding each other第二课时复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选择性必修四U2 Grammar ---Integrated skills中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part one 词性转换 1．precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实→precise adj.准确的；确切的 2．react vi.对……作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应；回应 3．suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身n.套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.适合的；适宜的 4．negotiate vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→negotiation n．谈判；转让；顺利的通过 5．approve vt.& vi.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．赞成；认可；批准→disapproval n．不赞成；反对 6．fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹n.褶，褶层，折叠部分→unfold vt.打开；呈现 7．preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) 8．embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 9．intention n．计划，意图→intend vt.计划；打算 10．behave vt.& vi.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→behaviour n．行为；举止；习性 11．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→tolerance n．容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 12．fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅 13．cooperate vi.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperation n．合作，协作 14．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入→integration n．结合；整合；一体化 15．oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒→opposed adj.反对的；对立的 16．reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n．抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西 17．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义 18．tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→tend vi.& vt.趋向；易于；照顾 19．sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的 20．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入n.差错；纸条；滑跤→slippery adj.滑的；狡猾的；靠不住的 Part two Grammar and usage 1.preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物(教材P20) 【归纳用法】 (1)have a preference for.... 偏爱.... give preference to.... 给...以优惠、优待；优先考虑 (2)prefer v.较喜欢，喜欢....多于.... prefer A to B 喜欢A多于B prefer to do....较喜欢做..... prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B (3)preferable adj.更可取的，更合适的 She has a preference for blue, while I like red better. 她偏爱蓝色，而我更喜欢红色。 In considering people for the job, we give preference to those with some working experience. 在考虑这份工作的人选时，我们优先考虑那些有一定工作经验的人。 I prefer living in the country to living in the city. 比起在城市居住，我还是喜欢住乡下。 Prevention of a problem is always preferable to trying to cure it. 防止出现问题总是比试图解决问题更可取 单句语法填空 ①This option is ________ (prefer) to any other. ②________ (prefer) will be given to those who have worked here for many years. ③Parents should not have a preference ________ any one of their children. 答案：①preferable　②Preference　③for ④I would prefer reading (read)books written by Mo Yan to watching (watch)TV series based on his novels. 2.embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)be/feel embarrassed to do..... 对做某事感到尴尬 be/feel embarrassed about/at.... 对.....感到难为情/不知所措 (2)embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的 (3)embarrass vt.使尴尬 (4)embarrassment n.窘迫；尴尬 to one’s embarrassment 使某人感到尴尬的是 He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him.他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。 I was embarrassed at his unexpected question. 他突然的发问使我不知所措。 He didn't mean to embarrass you. 他不是成心让你难堪。 单句语法填空 ①Now he is in an ________ (embarrass) situation. ②He is ________ (embarrass) because he made a mistake. ③My face turned red with ________ (embarrass)． 答案：①embarrassing　②embarrassed　③embarrassment ④To my embarrassment, I didn't realize that I had got my shirt on inside out until I was on the bus. That embarrassing situation really embarrassed me.(embarrass) 令我感到尴尬的是，直到上了公共汽车，我才意识到我把衬衫里外穿反了。那种令人难堪的情形真的使我很尴尬 翻译 她因自己的错误而困窘。 She is_________________________________________________. 答案： embarrassed about/at her faults 3.intention n. 意图，计划(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)have no/every intention of doing sth 完全无意/有心做 with the intention of... 抱有.....目的，打算 one’s intention is to do..... 某人的意图是做... (2)intend v.计划，打算 intend to do 打算做.... intend sb to do... 打算让某人做.... (3)intended adj.打算的，计划的 be intended for... 专门为....而设计的；专供....使用的 I have no intention of allowing you to continue living here alone.我不打算让你继续独自生活在这里。 With the intention of interrupting you, he raised his voice.为了打断你的话，他提高了声音。 He intends his son to take over his business.他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。 This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。 单句语法填空 ①The headmaster intended Jim ________ (deliver) a speech in front of the whole school. ②He left England ________ the intention of travelling in Africa. 答案：①to deliver　②with 翻译 ①我一心想把我欠她的还给她。 I have every________________________________what I owe her. ②我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们需要的物品。 I_________________________________________this trip to buy the things we need. 答案：① intention of paying her back 　② intend to take full advantage of 4.correspond vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)correspond to....相当于.....,类似于..... correspond with/to.... 与....相符，与.....相一致 correspond with sb 与某人通信 (2)correspondence n.相似，信件，通信 be in correspondence 处于通信状态 (3)corresponding adj.相符的；相应的；相关的 The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my course. 我所存的钱大致相当于我课程所需的金额。 Your account of the event corresponds with hers. 你对这一事件的陈述跟她说的相符。 As the course becomes more difficult, there's usually a corresponding drop in attendance. 随着课程变得越来越难，出席人数通常会相应下降 单句语法填空 ①Company losses were 50 per cent worse than in the ________ (correspond) period last year. ②His story of what happened that night didn't correspond ________ the witness's version. ③The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly ________ the US Associate Professor. ④He has kept up a ________ (correspond) with his friend for over a year now. 答案：①corresponding　②with　③to　④correspondence 翻译 你一直在和你父母通信吗？ Are you still________________________________your parents? 答案： corresponding with 5.behave vi.& vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体 behave well/badly to/towards sb 对某人表现良好/糟糕 (2)behavio(u)r n.[U]举止，行为；[U,C]表现方式，活动方式 good/bad behavio(u)r 良好/恶劣的行为 Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves.应当鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，行为更加得体。 Brothers should behave well towards each other.兄弟之间应该善待彼此 【拓展】behave (表现)可接副词、介宾短语或 as if/as though引导的状语从句。 Tom is a little boy, but he behaves as if he were an adult.汤姆是个小男孩，但表现得像个大人 单句语法填空 ①I think all of us should mind our ________ (behave) in public places. ②They behaved badly ________ the guests, which made us very disappointed. ③Behave ________ (you) in public and you will win the respect of most of us. 答案：①behavio(u)r　②towards/to　③yourself/yourselves 翻译 他表现得像是这地方的主人。 He_________________________________he owned the place. 答案： behaves as if 6.tolerate vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)tolerate doing.... 容许做某事 (2)tolerance n.容忍，忍受 have tolerance for... 容忍....；忍受..... (3)tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的 (4)tolerable adj.可容忍的，可忍受的 Mr Smith won't tolerate anyone questioning his decisions.史密斯先生不容许任何人质疑他的决定。 A wise man is able to have tolerance for other people's opinions. 一个明智的人能够容忍别人的意见。 Compared to other plants, rye is more tolerant of drought. 与其他植物相比，黑麦更耐旱。 At times, the heat was barely tolerable. 有时天气炎热得几乎令人难以忍受 单句语法填空 ①I think men are less ________ (tolerate) of stress than women. ②He can't tolerate ________ (laugh) at. ③Our living conditions are ________ (tolerate), but I can't wait to leave. ④She had no tolerance ________ jokes of any kind. 答案：①tolerant　②being laughed　③tolerable　④for 翻译 这位老师不能容忍在教室里吃东西。 The teacher____________________________________in the classroom. 答案： can't tolerate eating Part three Integrated skills 1.accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调; vt.着重，强调，突出(教材P23) 【归纳用法】 the accent is on....重音在....;重点在..... with a.... accent 带有.....口音 place/put the accent on.... 强调....，重点关注.... In all our products the accent is on quality. 在我们一切产品中，最重视的就是质量。 She's French but she speaks with a perfect English accent. 她是法国人，但说话带有纯正的英国口音。 The company put the accent on new information technology. 该公司把重点放在新信息技术上面。 单句语法填空 ①He speaks ________ a heavy Yorkshire accent. ②In the word “today” the accent is ________ the second syllable. ③My daughter spoke to her doll in tender ________ (accent) of love. 答案：①with　②on　③accents 完成句子 她说话有很重的口音，我听不懂。 She spoke ______________________ that I couldn't understand. 答案：with such a strong accent 2.cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合(教材P23) 【归纳用法】 (1)cooperate in/on.... 在....上合作 cooperate with... 与.....合作 cooperate to do sth/ in doing sth 合作做某事 (2)cooperation n.合作，协作 in cooperation with... 与...合作 They are to cooperate in the development of a new industrial process.他们将合作研发一个新的工业流程。 The children cooperated with their teachers in keeping the classroom neat.孩子们和老师们一起保持教室整洁。 Both sides agreed to cooperate to prevent illegal fishing in the area. 双方同意合作，防止在该地区非法捕鱼。 单句语法填空 ①They appear to have chosen the path of ________ (cooperate) rather than confrontation. ②He cooperated with his friends ________ (raise) money. ③I will advise my client to cooperate fully ________ the police. 答案：①cooperation　②to raise　③with 完成句子 政府发表声明要求公众对这次调查给予合作。 The government issued a statement urging the public ________________ this inquiry. 答案：to cooperate in 3.broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界(教材P23) 【拓展】与mind的短语 make up one’s mind (to do...)下定决心(做某事) change one’s mind 改变某人的主意 lose one’s mind 失去理智 fix one’s mind on/upon... 把注意力集中在..... put/set/turn one’s mind to.... 集中精力于..... keep/bear in mind that..... 记住....；将...记在心中 bear in mind 记住；考虑到 out of mind 心不在焉 on one’s mind惦记；挂念 University offers young people many opportunities to broaden their mind. 大学向青年人提供了许多开阔思路的机遇。 He makes up his mind to break from precedent.他下定决心打破先例。 Before she was half way home, however, she had changed her mind. 然而，在回家的半路上，她就改变了主意。 You must keep in mind that patience will come with experience and wisdom. 你必须记住，耐心将带来经验和智慧 用mind的相关短语填空 ①________ the people ________ and place your hopes on them. ②After a rest, he ____________ to pedaling again. ③Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ____________ be a painter. ④I found it hard to ____________ the subject. 答案：①Keep; in mind　②set/put/turn his mind　③make up his mind to　④fix my mind on 翻译 我的梦想是开拓我的眼界，去看一看不同的文化。 My dream is______________________________________different cultures. 答案： to broaden my mind to see 七选五练习一 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. __1__. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. __2__． Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. __3__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests __4__. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. __5__， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 1．D　设空前提到不同的餐桌礼仪可能会使你吃惊，设空后提到了解一些其中的注意事项将会让你享受愉快的一餐，D项(不要被别人发现你在餐厅就餐时犯了尴尬的错误)承上启下。故选D。 2．F　本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。F项(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)中的them指代上文的chopsticks。故选F。 3．C　上文讲述了法国人认为吃饭时每只手里都应该拿着餐具。下文表示转折，可知，此处说明与上文看法相反。C项(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)符合语境。故选C。 4．G　根据本段小标题Making Requests可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。下文提到在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远别要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。G项(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)与下文暗含转折关系。故选G。 5．B　根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，与B项中的“The more”对应。B项(你在某个国家待的时间越长)符合语境 七选五练习二 “I'm sorry” are two very important words playing a big part in daily life. You might apologize while pushing your way through a crowd or using the last of the printer paper at work. It's easy to say “I'm sorry”， but true apologies are a different story. You may have trouble finding the right way to send meaningful apologies. Or you may wonder how to properly demand an apology if the other person is at fault? __1__ Apologize sincerely. __2__ It can even repair your reputation that you can be trusted. But your relationship will remain tense if your apology seems casual. So you have to be truly willing to apologize. Apply specifically. A meaningful apology comes down to the three R's—regret, responsibility and remedy (补救方法). Firstly, communicate your regret. Show the other person you have recognized your error and can sense his or her pain. Then take complete responsibility. Don't make excuses or blame the victim. __3__ Offer to make up for the harm you caused or promise you wouldn't repeat it again. Don't expect immediate forgiveness. Most people hope for immediate forgiveness while apologizing. But that may mean you don't respect the others' emotions and all you care about is yourself. So give them some time to come out of the pain after your apology. __4__ __5__ If you're the offended one, describe what's changed in the relationship and your true feeling. For example, you could say, “Although there's a disagreement between you and me, I want us to be friends again. But I've been hurt, and I'd like an apology. I need you to acknowledge what you've done.” A．Ask for an apology if necessary. B．Don't claim an apology if you're offended. C．However, they would refuse to apologize to you. D．A genuine apology can help repair your relationship. E．With the following tips, you'll find these are not hard. F．Lastly, show that you're working to improve the situation. G．After all, they were hurt and it would take them a while to recover. 1．E　根据前文“You may have trouble ... is at fault？(你可能很难找到正确的方式来表达有意义的道歉。 或者你可能想知道，如果是对方的错，如何恰当地要求对方道歉？)”以及后文通过几个段落讲述了如何道歉可知，此处要选择能够承前启后的句子。E项符合文意。故选E。 2．D　根据前文“Apologize sincerely.(真诚地道歉。)”可知，本段落主要讲述道歉时一定要真心诚意，这样才能达到期待的效果。D项符合文意。故选D。 3．F　根据前文“A meaningful apology ... responsibility and remedy (补救方法)．(一个有意义的道歉可以归结为三个R——后悔、责任和补救。)”以及设空前有“Firstly”和“Then”可知，此处是第三条有关“补救”的建议。F项符合文意。故选F。 4．G　根据设空前“So give them ... after your apology.(所以在你道歉之后，给他们一些时间，让他们从痛苦中走出来。)”可知，本段落主要讲述不要期待你的道歉能够立刻得到原谅，要给对方一些时间。G项符合文意。故选G。 5．A　设空处是本段的主旨句，应用祈使句。根据后文可知，如果对方冒犯了你，你可以大方要求对方向你道歉。A项符合文意。故选A 语法填空一 Traditionally, livestreamers (主播) sell delicious snacks or local goodies. But a livestream event in Tibet autonomous region did something different. Waste plastic bottles, __1__ are regarded as a great damage to the local environment, were sold for 0.5 yuan each, with the __2__ (intend)of raising people's awareness of Tibet's pollution issue. According to the Sohu website, in 2019, about 40 million tourists visited Tibet, which __3__ consequence left about 360 million plastic bottles __4__ (abandon) in branches, on cliffs and in rivers. The white pollution causes serious threat to the __5__ (delicacy) ecosystem and the death of local animals, such as yaks. Over the past few years, more than 5，000 volunteers of different ages and from all walks of life __6__ (participate) in the anti－white pollution campaign. They carry out over 2，000 clean－ups to collect 200，000 bottles left by tourists each year. Then the bottles __7__ (sort) by color and shipped inland __8__ (make) raw materials. Roughly, each bottle costs about 0.5 yuan. The livestream has successfully involved more people in the anti－white pollution campaign. People can scan QR code and donate money to encourage more people to collect bottles. It's really a meaningful event and helps to make __9__ possible for us human beings to coexist with nature __10__ (harmonious). 1．which　2．intention　3．in　4．abandoned　5．delicate　 6．have participated　7．are sorted　8．to make　9．it 10．harmoniously 语法填空二 In his book，Intentional Living，author John Maxwell shares that back in 1976，he received a gift from one of his 1. (assist)．As he unwrapped the gift，he saw that it was a book 2. (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told.He couldn’t wait 3. (read) it. But when he opened the book，he was 4. (astonish) to see that the pages were blank.Inside the book was 5. note that said，“John，your life is before you.Fill these pages with kind acts and good thoughts of your heart.Write a great story about your life.” The intention of writing the story of his life excited him.Then，he 6. (begin) to write his book. Every day we live out our story through our words，actions and decisions.But we must remember to live with intention to focus on what 7. (matter) most in life and to regain that focus when we get changed.Without intention，we can become unfocused in things 8. needn’t add to a life of significance and difference in our world. Life isn’t perfect and it’s always hard,9. we need reminders in our life from a friend，author，blogger，pastor or our inner spirit to re-focus us on the things that matter and make us live 10. (positive)． 1.assistants 2.named 3.to read 4.astonished 5.a 6.began 7.matters 8.that/which 9.so 10.positively 阅读理解一 A lot of people ask this question: “Why is body language so important？” Studies have shown that in the process of communication, non－verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. This means that “how to say” is more important than “what to say”. Of course, this does not mean that you don't need to do preparation for your interviews, nor does it mean that you can take any short cuts. On the contrary， this means that you have more things to pay attention to and prepare for. In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think. Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you can't integrate with the external environment, not to mention the difficulties in the absence of body language in the workplace. “People can often make inferences from actions, and the results of these inferences directly affect lives: for example, who will be employed and who will be promoted.” Academician Amy Cuddy said in a TV talk show. She also said that “our body language will also affect our perception (感知，看法) of ourselves. When you try to make more authoritative actions, your brain will inadvertently (不经意地) receive signals and actually create an idea that you are more authoritative, so that you have more confidence in yourself”． Therefore, before interviews or important meetings, try not to lean on any object or have a hunched back. Instead, you should try to keep your body relaxed. You can even stand with a relatively authoritative posture (姿势)—of course, you may need to do these things in the bathroom or places where no one could see you. Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life. Paying attention to body language could make strong impacts on your behavior，which could help you achieve better results. So, every time you are nervous or feel that you can't do it, stretch your body, smile, and tell yourself “Fake it till you become it！” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．What we say in a conversation is not so important. B．Practicing body language is a short cut to success. C．We should attach great importance to body language. D．Body language carries 93% of conversation messages. 答案：C　段落大意题。由开头提问“Why is body language so important？(为什么肢体语言如此重要？)”以及后续回答等语句可知，本段主要阐述肢体语言的重要性，我们应该非常重视肢体语言。故选C。 2．According to Amy Cuddy, why is body language important for us? A．It decides whether we are promoted. B．It influences people's impression of us. C．It makes us look more authoritative. D．It helps people understand who we are. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段Amy Cuddy说的话“People can often ... who will be promoted.”可推知，Amy Cuddy认为人们通常从肢体语言判断一个人，肢体语言影响他人对我们的印象，从而影响到我们的生活。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “hunched” possibly mean? A．Broken down. B．Tied behind. C．Bent forward. D．Straightened up. 答案：C　词义猜测题。下文“Instead, you should try to ... with a relatively authoritative posture (姿势)(相反，你应该试着保持你的身体放松。你甚至可以以一个相对权威的姿势站立)”中instead表示转折，因此推断上文“have a hunched back”中的画线词hunched，指“弓身，弓背”，故选C。 4．Who might be the intended readers of the passage? A．New arrivals in the workplace. B．Body language researchers. C．Working adults to be promoted. D．Viewers of a TV talk show. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think.”和最后一段第一句“Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life.”可知，文章探讨的是肢体语言在职场中的重要性，且部分语句直接以第二人称与读者交流，给出一些建议，由此推知，文章的意向读者可能是职场新人。故选A 阅读理解二 Children’s average daily time spent watching television or using mobile device increased from 53 minutes at 12 months old to more than 150 minutes at 3 years old，according to an analysis by researchers at the National Institutes of Health.Children aged 7 were more likely to spend the highest amount of screen time if they had been in bad home-based childcare or were born to first-time mothers. “Our results indicate that screen habits begin early，” said Edwina Yeung，an investigator in National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)，“This finding suggests that interventions to reduce screen time could have a better chance of success if introduced early.” In the research，mothers of 4,000 children responded to questions on their kids’ media habits when they were 12,18,24,30，and 36 months of age. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding digital media exposure for children under 18 months of age，introducing children 18 to 24 months of age to screen media slowly，and limiting screen time to an hour a day for children from 2 to 5 years of age.In the current study，researchers found that 87% of the children had screen time exceeding these recommendations.However，while screen time increased throughout infancy，after 8 years of age，screen time fell to under 1.5 hours per day.The researchers believe this decrease relates to time consumed by school-related activities. The study authors classified the children into two groups based on how much their average daily screen time increased from age 1 to age 3.The first group,73% of the total，had the lower increase，from an average of nearly 51 minutes a day to nearly an hour and 47 minutes a day.The second group,27% of the total，had the higher increase，from nearly 37 minutes of screen time a day to about 4 hours a day.Higher levels of parental education were associated with the lower odds of inclusion in the second group. 5．Which of the following is a reason for children’s addiction to the media? A．Low economic level. B．Poor family education. C．The media’s attraction. D．The shortage of parents’ love. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Children aged 7 were more likely to spend the highest amount of screen time if they had been in bad home-based childcare or were born to first-time mothers.”可知，不良的家庭教育是孩子们对电子媒体上瘾的原因。故选B。 6．What’s Edwina’s advice? A．To stop children using the media. B．To help parents care for children well. C．To reduce children’s screen time earlier. D．To increase intervention to children. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，Edwina的建议是提前缩短孩子看屏幕的时间。故选C。 7．How did the author develop the main body of the text? A．By giving some examples. B．By showing some data. C．By analyzing some reasons. D．By concluding some results. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“In the research，...age.”；第四段中“The American Academy of Pediatrics...recommendations.”以及最后一段中“The first group，...day.”可推知，作者通过展示一些数据来发展正文。故选B。 8．What does the underlined word “odds” in the last paragraph mean? A．Probability. B．Price. C．Cost. D．Income. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Children...mothers.”；最后一段中“The study authors...day.”以及画线词所在句“Higher levels of parental education were associated with the lower odds of inclusion in the second group.”可知，家庭教育会影响孩子看屏幕的时间长短，所以父母教育程度越高，被纳入第二组的可能性就越低。由此可知，画线词意思是“可能性”。故选A ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修四U2 Understanding each other第二课时复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选择性必修四U2 Grammar ---Integrated skills中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part one 词性转换 1． adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实→ adj.准确的；确切的 2． vi.对……作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→ n．反应；回应 3． vt.满足需要；相配，合身n.套装，西装，西服→ adj.适合的；适宜的 4． vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→ n．谈判；转让；顺利的通过 5． vt.& vi.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→ n．赞成；认可；批准 → n．不赞成；反对 6． vt.折叠，对折；包，裹n.褶，褶层，折叠部分→ vt.打开；呈现 7． n．偏爱；偏爱的事物→ vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) 8． adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→ adj.令人尴尬的→ vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→ n．窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 9． n．计划，意图→ vt.计划；打算 10． vt.& vi.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→ n．行为；举止；习性 11． vt.忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→ n．容忍；忍受→ adj.宽容的；容忍的 12． adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→ adv.流利地；流畅地→ n．流利；流畅 13． vi.合作，协作；协助，配合→ n．合作，协作 14． vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入→ n．结合；整合；一体化 15． vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒→ adj.反对的；对立的 16． vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→ n．抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西 17． adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→ n．悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义 18． n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→ vi.& vt.趋向；易于；照顾 19． adv.真诚地，诚实地→ adj.真诚的；真挚的 20． vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入n.差错；纸条；滑跤→ adj.滑的；狡猾的；靠不住的 Part two Grammar and usage 1.preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物(教材P20) 【归纳用法】 (1)have a preference for.... 偏爱.... give preference to.... 给...以优惠、优待；优先考虑 (2)prefer v.较喜欢，喜欢....多于.... prefer A to B 喜欢A多于B prefer to do....较喜欢做..... prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B (3)preferable adj.更可取的，更合适的 She has a preference for blue, while I like red better. 她偏爱蓝色，而我更喜欢红色。 In considering people for the job, we give preference to those with some working experience. 在考虑这份工作的人选时，我们优先考虑那些有一定工作经验的人。 I prefer living in the country to living in the city. 比起在城市居住，我还是喜欢住乡下。 Prevention of a problem is always preferable to trying to cure it. 防止出现问题总是比试图解决问题更可取 单句语法填空 ①This option is ________ (prefer) to any other. ②________ (prefer) will be given to those who have worked here for many years. ③Parents should not have a preference ________ any one of their children. ④I would prefer (read)books written by Mo Yan (watch)TV series based on his novels. 2.embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)be/feel embarrassed to do..... 对做某事感到尴尬 be/feel embarrassed about/at.... 对.....感到难为情/不知所措 (2)embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的 (3)embarrass vt.使尴尬 (4)embarrassment n.窘迫；尴尬 to one’s embarrassment 使某人感到尴尬的是 He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him.他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。 I was embarrassed at his unexpected question. 他突然的发问使我不知所措。 He didn't mean to embarrass you. 他不是成心让你难堪。 单句语法填空 ①Now he is in an ________ (embarrass) situation. ②He is ________ (embarrass) because he made a mistake. ③My face turned red with ________ (embarrass)． ④To my , I didn't realize that I had got my shirt on inside out until I was on the bus. That situation really me.(embarrass) 翻译 她因自己的错误而困窘。 She is_________________________________________________. 3.intention n. 意图，计划(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)have no/every intention of doing sth 完全无意/有心做 with the intention of... 抱有.....目的，打算 one’s intention is to do..... 某人的意图是做... (2)intend v.计划，打算 intend to do 打算做.... intend sb to do... 打算让某人做.... (3)intended adj.打算的，计划的 be intended for... 专门为....而设计的；专供....使用的 I have no intention of allowing you to continue living here alone.我不打算让你继续独自生活在这里。 With the intention of interrupting you, he raised his voice.为了打断你的话，他提高了声音。 He intends his son to take over his business.他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。 This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。 单句语法填空 ①The headmaster intended Jim ________ (deliver) a speech in front of the whole school. ②He left England ________ the intention of travelling in Africa. 翻译 ①我一心想把我欠她的还给她。 I have every________________________________what I owe her. ②我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们需要的物品。 I_________________________________________this trip to buy the things we need. 4.correspond vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)correspond to....相当于.....,类似于..... correspond with/to.... 与....相符，与.....相一致 correspond with sb 与某人通信 (2)correspondence n.相似，信件，通信 be in correspondence 处于通信状态 (3)corresponding adj.相符的；相应的；相关的 The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my course. 我所存的钱大致相当于我课程所需的金额。 Your account of the event corresponds with hers. 你对这一事件的陈述跟她说的相符。 As the course becomes more difficult, there's usually a corresponding drop in attendance. 随着课程变得越来越难，出席人数通常会相应下降 单句语法填空 ①Company losses were 50 per cent worse than in the ________ (correspond) period last year. ②His story of what happened that night didn't correspond ________ the witness's version. ③The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly ________ the US Associate Professor. ④He has kept up a ________ (correspond) with his friend for over a year now. 翻译 你一直在和你父母通信吗？ Are you still________________________________your parents? 5.behave vi.& vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体 behave well/badly to/towards sb 对某人表现良好/糟糕 (2)behavio(u)r n.[U]举止，行为；[U,C]表现方式，活动方式 good/bad behavio(u)r 良好/恶劣的行为 Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves.应当鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，行为更加得体。 Brothers should behave well towards each other.兄弟之间应该善待彼此 【拓展】behave (表现)可接副词、介宾短语或 as if/as though引导的状语从句。 Tom is a little boy, but he behaves as if he were an adult.汤姆是个小男孩，但表现得像个大人 单句语法填空 ①I think all of us should mind our ________ (behave) in public places. ②They behaved badly ________ the guests, which made us very disappointed. ③Behave ________ (you) in public and you will win the respect of most of us. 翻译 他表现得像是这地方的主人。 He_________________________________he owned the place. 6.tolerate vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受(教材P21) 【归纳用法】 (1)tolerate doing.... 容许做某事 (2)tolerance n.容忍，忍受 have tolerance for... 容忍....；忍受..... (3)tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的 (4)tolerable adj.可容忍的，可忍受的 Mr Smith won't tolerate anyone questioning his decisions.史密斯先生不容许任何人质疑他的决定。 A wise man is able to have tolerance for other people's opinions. 一个明智的人能够容忍别人的意见。 Compared to other plants, rye is more tolerant of drought. 与其他植物相比，黑麦更耐旱。 At times, the heat was barely tolerable. 有时天气炎热得几乎令人难以忍受 单句语法填空 ①I think men are less ________ (tolerate) of stress than women. ②He can't tolerate ________ (laugh) at. ③Our living conditions are ________ (tolerate), but I can't wait to leave. ④She had no tolerance ________ jokes of any kind. 翻译 这位老师不能容忍在教室里吃东西。 The teacher____________________________________in the classroom. Part three Integrated skills 1.accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调; vt.着重，强调，突出(教材P23) 【归纳用法】 the accent is on....重音在....;重点在..... with a.... accent 带有.....口音 place/put the accent on.... 强调....，重点关注.... In all our products the accent is on quality. 在我们一切产品中，最重视的就是质量。 She's French but she speaks with a perfect English accent. 她是法国人，但说话带有纯正的英国口音。 The company put the accent on new information technology. 该公司把重点放在新信息技术上面。 单句语法填空 ①He speaks ________ a heavy Yorkshire accent. ②In the word “today” the accent is ________ the second syllable. ③My daughter spoke to her doll in tender ________ (accent) of love. 完成句子 她说话有很重的口音，我听不懂。 She spoke ______________________ that I couldn't understand. 2.cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合(教材P23) 【归纳用法】 (1)cooperate in/on.... 在....上合作 cooperate with... 与.....合作 cooperate to do sth/ in doing sth 合作做某事 (2)cooperation n.合作，协作 in cooperation with... 与...合作 They are to cooperate in the development of a new industrial process.他们将合作研发一个新的工业流程。 The children cooperated with their teachers in keeping the classroom neat.孩子们和老师们一起保持教室整洁。 Both sides agreed to cooperate to prevent illegal fishing in the area. 双方同意合作，防止在该地区非法捕鱼。 单句语法填空 ①They appear to have chosen the path of ________ (cooperate) rather than confrontation. ②He cooperated with his friends ________ (raise) money. ③I will advise my client to cooperate fully ________ the police. 完成句子 政府发表声明要求公众对这次调查给予合作。 The government issued a statement urging the public ________________ this inquiry. 3.broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界(教材P23) 【拓展】与mind的短语 make up one’s mind (to do...)下定决心(做某事) change one’s mind 改变某人的主意 lose one’s mind 失去理智 fix one’s mind on/upon... 把注意力集中在..... put/set/turn one’s mind to.... 集中精力于..... keep/bear in mind that..... 记住....；将...记在心中 bear in mind 记住；考虑到 out of mind 心不在焉 on one’s mind惦记；挂念 University offers young people many opportunities to broaden their mind. 大学向青年人提供了许多开阔思路的机遇。 He makes up his mind to break from precedent.他下定决心打破先例。 Before she was half way home, however, she had changed her mind. 然而，在回家的半路上，她就改变了主意。 You must keep in mind that patience will come with experience and wisdom. 你必须记住，耐心将带来经验和智慧 用mind的相关短语填空 ①________ the people ________ and place your hopes on them. ②After a rest, he ____________ to pedaling again. ③Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ____________ be a painter. ④I found it hard to ____________ the subject. 翻译 我的梦想是开拓我的眼界，去看一看不同的文化。 My dream is______________________________________different cultures. 七选五练习一 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. __1__. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. __2__． Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. __3__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests __4__. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. __5__， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 七选五练习二 “I'm sorry” are two very important words playing a big part in daily life. You might apologize while pushing your way through a crowd or using the last of the printer paper at work. It's easy to say “I'm sorry”， but true apologies are a different story. You may have trouble finding the right way to send meaningful apologies. Or you may wonder how to properly demand an apology if the other person is at fault? __1__ Apologize sincerely. __2__ It can even repair your reputation that you can be trusted. But your relationship will remain tense if your apology seems casual. So you have to be truly willing to apologize. Apply specifically. A meaningful apology comes down to the three R's—regret, responsibility and remedy (补救方法). Firstly, communicate your regret. Show the other person you have recognized your error and can sense his or her pain. Then take complete responsibility. Don't make excuses or blame the victim. __3__ Offer to make up for the harm you caused or promise you wouldn't repeat it again. Don't expect immediate forgiveness. Most people hope for immediate forgiveness while apologizing. But that may mean you don't respect the others' emotions and all you care about is yourself. So give them some time to come out of the pain after your apology. __4__ __5__ If you're the offended one, describe what's changed in the relationship and your true feeling. For example, you could say, “Although there's a disagreement between you and me, I want us to be friends again. But I've been hurt, and I'd like an apology. I need you to acknowledge what you've done.” A．Ask for an apology if necessary. B．Don't claim an apology if you're offended. C．However, they would refuse to apologize to you. D．A genuine apology can help repair your relationship. E．With the following tips, you'll find these are not hard. F．Lastly, show that you're working to improve the situation. G．After all, they were hurt and it would take them a while to recover. 语法填空一 Traditionally, livestreamers (主播) sell delicious snacks or local goodies. But a livestream event in Tibet autonomous region did something different. Waste plastic bottles, __1__ are regarded as a great damage to the local environment, were sold for 0.5 yuan each, with the __2__ (intend)of raising people's awareness of Tibet's pollution issue. According to the Sohu website, in 2019, about 40 million tourists visited Tibet, which __3__ consequence left about 360 million plastic bottles __4__ (abandon) in branches, on cliffs and in rivers. The white pollution causes serious threat to the __5__ (delicacy) ecosystem and the death of local animals, such as yaks. Over the past few years, more than 5，000 volunteers of different ages and from all walks of life __6__ (participate) in the anti－white pollution campaign. They carry out over 2，000 clean－ups to collect 200，000 bottles left by tourists each year. Then the bottles __7__ (sort) by color and shipped inland __8__ (make) raw materials. Roughly, each bottle costs about 0.5 yuan. The livestream has successfully involved more people in the anti－white pollution campaign. People can scan QR code and donate money to encourage more people to collect bottles. It's really a meaningful event and helps to make __9__ possible for us human beings to coexist with nature __10__ (harmonious). 语法填空二 In his book，Intentional Living，author John Maxwell shares that back in 1976，he received a gift from one of his 1. (assist)．As he unwrapped the gift，he saw that it was a book 2. (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told.He couldn’t wait 3. (read) it. But when he opened the book，he was 4. (astonish) to see that the pages were blank.Inside the book was 5. note that said，“John，your life is before you.Fill these pages with kind acts and good thoughts of your heart.Write a great story about your life.” The intention of writing the story of his life excited him.Then，he 6. (begin) to write his book. Every day we live out our story through our words，actions and decisions.But we must remember to live with intention to focus on what 7. (matter) most in life and to regain that focus when we get changed.Without intention，we can become unfocused in things 8. needn’t add to a life of significance and difference in our world. Life isn’t perfect and it’s always hard,9. we need reminders in our life from a friend，author，blogger，pastor or our inner spirit to re-focus us on the things that matter and make us live 10. (positive)． 阅读理解一 A lot of people ask this question: “Why is body language so important？” Studies have shown that in the process of communication, non－verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. This means that “how to say” is more important than “what to say”. Of course, this does not mean that you don't need to do preparation for your interviews, nor does it mean that you can take any short cuts. On the contrary， this means that you have more things to pay attention to and prepare for. In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think. Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you can't integrate with the external environment, not to mention the difficulties in the absence of body language in the workplace. “People can often make inferences from actions, and the results of these inferences directly affect lives: for example, who will be employed and who will be promoted.” Academician Amy Cuddy said in a TV talk show. She also said that “our body language will also affect our perception (感知，看法) of ourselves. When you try to make more authoritative actions, your brain will inadvertently (不经意地) receive signals and actually create an idea that you are more authoritative, so that you have more confidence in yourself”． Therefore, before interviews or important meetings, try not to lean on any object or have a hunched back. Instead, you should try to keep your body relaxed. You can even stand with a relatively authoritative posture (姿势)—of course, you may need to do these things in the bathroom or places where no one could see you. Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life. Paying attention to body language could make strong impacts on your behavior，which could help you achieve better results. So, every time you are nervous or feel that you can't do it, stretch your body, smile, and tell yourself “Fake it till you become it！” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．What we say in a conversation is not so important. B．Practicing body language is a short cut to success. C．We should attach great importance to body language. D．Body language carries 93% of conversation messages. 2．According to Amy Cuddy, why is body language important for us? A．It decides whether we are promoted. B．It influences people's impression of us. C．It makes us look more authoritative. D．It helps people understand who we are. 3．What does the underlined word “hunched” possibly mean? A．Broken down. B．Tied behind. C．Bent forward. D．Straightened up. 4．Who might be the intended readers of the passage? A．New arrivals in the workplace. B．Body language researchers. C．Working adults to be promoted. D．Viewers of a TV talk show. 阅读理解二 Children’s average daily time spent watching television or using mobile device increased from 53 minutes at 12 months old to more than 150 minutes at 3 years old，according to an analysis by researchers at the National Institutes of Health.Children aged 7 were more likely to spend the highest amount of screen time if they had been in bad home-based childcare or were born to first-time mothers. “Our results indicate that screen habits begin early，” said Edwina Yeung，an investigator in National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)，“This finding suggests that interventions to reduce screen time could have a better chance of success if introduced early.” In the research，mothers of 4,000 children responded to questions on their kids’ media habits when they were 12,18,24,30，and 36 months of age. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding digital media exposure for children under 18 months of age，introducing children 18 to 24 months of age to screen media slowly，and limiting screen time to an hour a day for children from 2 to 5 years of age.In the current study，researchers found that 87% of the children had screen time exceeding these recommendations.However，while screen time increased throughout infancy，after 8 years of age，screen time fell to under 1.5 hours per day.The researchers believe this decrease relates to time consumed by school-related activities. The study authors classified the children into two groups based on how much their average daily screen time increased from age 1 to age 3.The first group,73% of the total，had the lower increase，from an average of nearly 51 minutes a day to nearly an hour and 47 minutes a day.The second group,27% of the total，had the higher increase，from nearly 37 minutes of screen time a day to about 4 hours a day.Higher levels of parental education were associated with the lower odds of inclusion in the second group. 5．Which of the following is a reason for children’s addiction to the media? A．Low economic level. B．Poor family education. C．The media’s attraction. D．The shortage of parents’ love. 6．What’s Edwina’s advice? A．To stop children using the media. B．To help parents care for children well. C．To reduce children’s screen time earlier. D．To increase intervention to children. 7．How did the author develop the main body of the text? A．By giving some examples. B．By showing some data. C．By analyzing some reasons. D．By concluding some results. 8．What does the underlined word “odds” in the last paragraph mean? A．Probability. B．Price. C．Cost. D．Income. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $