Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识总结（包括重点单词；短语和语法） 2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过分类梳理与关联整合构建“词汇-短语-句型-语法”四维知识体系，重点词汇按动词、名词等类别详解用法并配典型例句，短语归纳分场景呈现，句型用法以“动词+不定式”等结构归类，语法部分用对比表格系统梳理can和could的五种用法及差异，清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义的亮点在于“用法实例化+辨析可视化”设计，通过“一词多义对比”（如feed的不同搭配）、“句型功能分类”（如it is + adj. to do sth.）培养语言能力，如invite sb. to地点/活动与invite sb. to do sth.的对比练习帮助精准掌握结构。基础学生可借例句夯实基础，进阶学生通过语法辨析提升思维品质，为教师分层教学提供清晰依据。

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识总结 重点词汇: 1. feed v. 喂养 feed sb/sth 喂某人/ 某物 I feed my dog every day. 我每天都喂我的狗。 feed sth to sb/sth 把某物喂给某人/某物 She fed milk to the baby. 她给婴儿喂了奶。 Please feed some grass to the cow. 请给这头奶牛喂些草。 feed..on/with.用⋯⋯喂⋯⋯ He feeds the dog on meat. 他用肉喂狗。 feed on 以...为食 Cows and horses feed on grass. 牛和马以草为食。人以草为床。 2. water n. 水 v. 浇水 He waters the flowers every day. 3. sort v. 把...分类；整理 n. 种类 与 kind/type 同义。 sort..into. 把...分成.... sort..from..把...从....中挑出来 If you sort things, you'd better put them in order. 如果你把东西分类，你最好将它整理好。 I sorted all the CDs into music ones and movie ones. 我把所有光盘分成音乐类和电影类 Please sort the bad apples from the good ones. 请把坏苹果从好的里面挑出来。 ---What sort of music do you like? 你喜欢哪一类音乐？ -Oh, all sorts. 哪一类都喜欢。 4. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation 邀请 invite sb. to + 地点/ 活动名词 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 My friend invited me to his hometown. Lily invited me to join her party. 5. keep v. 保持：饲养;保留；持有；遵守 keep sheep 养绵羊 My grandpa keeps a lot of hens. 我的爷爷养了很多母鸡。 We must keep the classroom clean. You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。 Everyone must keep the rules. 大家必须遵守规则。 Keep doing exercises every day. 〔系动词〕保持后常接形容词作表语。 We must keep quiet in class. 在课堂上，我们必须保持安静。 6. arrival n. 到达 arrive v.到达 arrive at +小地点 arrive in + 大地点 After our arrival in Beijing, we went to visit the Great Wall first. We are sorry for the late arrival of the rain. They arrived at the bus stop on time. They will arrive in Beijing tomorrow. 7. add v. 添加 add sth to sth 把...加入... Remember to add some honey. 记得加一些蜂蜜。 Do you want to add your name to the list? 你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？ Add five and six to make eleven. 5加6等于11。 add to 使...增加 add up（把...）加起来 add up to 总共是，总计为 The TV adds to our happiness. The numbers add up to 100. 这些数字的总数是100。 8. borrow v. 借入 borrow ...from... 从...借入.... lend v. 借出 lend...to.... 借...给... 9. plan n./v. 计划 planned 过去式 planning 现在分词 plan to do sth 计划/打算做某事 Our group planned the activity well. 我们小组精心策划了那个活动。 I plan to go to the dentist this afternoon. 今天下午我打算去看牙医。 make a plan for.. 为...制订计划 make a plan/plans to do sth 制订计划做某事 They made a new plan for the summer vacation. 10. treasure 【C】宝物；珍宝； 【U】财富；珠宝； v. 珍视 There're many art treasures in the museum. 这家博物馆里有许多艺术珍品。 They found some hidden treasure by the river. 他们在河边发现了一些被藏起来的财宝。 I treasure our friendship. 我珍视我们的友谊。 11. hunt n./v. 搜寻；狩猎 treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 go for a hunt 去打猎 hunt for 寻找 The children are hunting for shells on the beach. 12. lift n. 搭便车 Do you want a lift into town? n. 电梯 It’s on the seventh floor. Let’s take a lift. v. 举起；抬起 The old man can’t lift the box. 13. note n. 笔记；记录 v. 注意；指出 take notes = make notes = write notes 记笔记 note down 记录；记下 Taking notes carefully is important for learning English well. Please note how he swims. 请注意他是怎么游泳的。 I noted down the lecture. 我记下了演讲的内容。 14.it is + adj.( for sb.) to do sth. 做某事是....的 It is easy to ride a bike. It is funny to wear such a hat. 15. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（全过程） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 16. be busy with sth. 忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 She is busy doing her homework. === She is busy with her homework. 17. familiar adj. 熟悉的 be familiar with sth. 熟悉某事物 ...be familiar to sb. 对某人来说...是熟悉的 The smell is familiar to me. 我很熟悉这种气味。 I’ not familiar with her songs. 18. joke n.笑话；玩笑 v.开玩笑 He likes telling jokes. Are you joking? 19. describe v.描述；形容 n. description 描述 describe sb./sth to... 向...描述某人/某事 Can you describe him to me? This is a description of you. 那是对你的描述。 20. matter n. 问题；麻烦 v.要紧 What's the matter? They had important matters to discuss. 他们有些重要的问题要讨论。 It doesn't matter. 没关系。（可回答对方的道歉） What matters most is that you should write carefully.最要紧的是你应该认真写字。 It doesn't matter. 没关系。 21. welcome ①〔感叹词］欢迎 welcome to.. 欢迎来到...（后跟 here，there, home 等地点副词时，不加to。其答语为“Thanks./Thank you."。） Welcome to our school！欢迎来到我们学校！ Hello,welcome home.嗨，欢迎回家。 ②〔形容词〕受欢迎的 a welcome guest 一位受欢迎的客人 You are always welcome. 你总是受欢迎的。/随时欢迎你。 You're welcome to Beijing.欢迎你来北京。 ③〔动词〕欢迎 Welcome you to my new house. 欢迎你到我的新家。 ④〔名词〕欢迎 The old man gives us a warm welcome. 这位老人给予我们热烈的欢迎。 22. joy n. 喜悦；乐趣 with joy 高兴地 to one's joy 使某人高兴的是 the joy of.... ...的乐趣 She danced with joy. To his great joy, he passed the exam. Finding the joy of life in simple things can bring great happiness. 23. cover v. 遮盖；包括 n. 遮盖物；封皮 cover...with... 用... 遮盖.... be covered with 被...覆盖 Lily covered her face with her hands. The mountain is covered with thick snow. The book covers many interesting stories about animals. You can use a cover to cover the pan. The cover of the book is nice. 短语归纳 1. pack up 打包 2. sweep the floor 扫地 3.hang up 挂起；挂断电话 4. hang out 闲逛 5. keep fish 养鱼 6. on the balcony 在阳台上 7. in the living room 在客厅 8. clean up 清扫 9. good job 干得好 10.look like 看起来像 11.on the wall 在墙上 12. buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 13. no problem 没问题 14. make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 15. add sth to sth 把⋯⋯加入⋯⋯ 16. g0 shopping 去购物 17. a chess set 一副国际象柑 21 .at once 立刻；马上 22. be careful with 注意；当心 23. stay out 待在外面 24. go to the movies 去看电影 25.take notes 做笔记 26. go to...for holiday 去....度假 27. get up 起床 28. catch the train 赶火车 29.more than 超过；多于 30.get to 到达 31.at the end of在....尽头 32. wait for sb 等待某人 33. pull..into.把...拉进....里 34. share sth with sb 把.....与....分享 35.how often 多久一次 36. set the table 摆放餐具 37. the familiar taste of home 熱悉的家的味道 38. tell sb some jokes 给某人讲些笑话 39. have a good laugh 笑得很开心 40. hold one's hands 拉着某人的手 41. with tears in the eyes 眼里含泪 42.no matter 不论；不要紧 43. do chores 做家务 44. a plate of... 一盘... 45.a kind of.. 一种⋯ 46. walk through 走过 47. look for 寻找 48. up and down上上下下 49. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 50. take a shower 洗淋浴 51. apartment block 公寓楼 52. give a hand 帮助 53. a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 54. do the dishes 洗餐具 55. do the laundry 洗衣服 56. make the bed 整理床铺 用法集萃 1. invite sb to +地点/ 活动名词 邀请某人去某地/参加某项活动 2. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 3. have to do sth 必须做某事 4. need to do sth 需要做某事 5. want to do sth 想要做某事 6. would like to do sth 愿意做某事 7. start to do sth 开始做某事 8. get ready for sth 为某事做好准备 9. be excited to do sth 做某事很兴奋 10.can't wait to do sth 迫不及待地想做某事 11. let’s do sth 咱们做某事吧 12. ask sb to do sth 要求 / 请求某人做某事 13. be happy/glad to do sth 很开心/高兴做某事 14. Can/Could you please do sth? 请你做某事好吗？ 15. Can I do sth？我可以做某事吗？ 16. guess what 你猜怎么着 17. What do you think about/of...? 你认为....怎么样？ 语法总结 can和could 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力 1．“I don’t think Mike can type.” “Yes, he can.” 2．I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn’t last year. 在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征（译为“有时会”）。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could，may，might。 1． As a human being, anyone can make a mistake. 2． I’m confident that a solution can be found. 3． He can be very forgetful sometimes. 4． I may stay at home this weekend.（实际可能性） 5． Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性) 6． It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性) 表示请求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。 1． Can we turn the air conditioner on? 2． Any police officer can insist on seeing a driver’s license. 3． In soccer, you can’t touch the ball with your hands. 4． Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please? 5． I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this. 表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。 1． It can’t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own. 2． Can the man over there be our head master? 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。 1． Can this be an excuse for not giving them help? 2． This can’t be true. 3． How can you be so crazy. 特别说明： （1） could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can（即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如： ——Could I use your dictionary? ——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.或者是you can’t) 表示推测时，could不是过去式，只是语气更委婉；若是推测已发生的事或过去的情况，用can/could have done (2) can和be able to辨析 can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。如： I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own? 但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如： After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again. (3) 惯用形式“cannot …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不（过分）”。如： You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。 惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式（不带to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如： I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。 （4）can not与help,bear,stand等动词连用，表示“禁不住，受不了”。 I can’t stand waiting any longer. 但是can’t help but 后面接动词原形，表示“只能”。 I can’t help but wait. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $