2026年长沙中考语法填空做题技巧

中考-专项训练：语法填空 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they ____26____ (be) of lasting value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at ____27____ same time. China has ____28____ (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books ____29____ (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged ____30____ (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also ____31____ (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them ____32____ they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great ____33____ (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested ____34____ learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. ____35____ (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 一 有提示词的语法填空的解题技巧 A.形容词/副词 技巧1：形容词变副词。 ★副词：修饰整个句子、介词短语、实义动词、副词、形容词。 ★形容词：系动词、名词。 例题1：That way, you are not stressed: you wake up every day 65. _______ (happy) and can handle (处理) any problem that comes in your way! 例题2：Children always feel excited because they can get some 58. _______ (luck) money wrapped in red envelopes. 例题3：In the 58. _______ (fame) Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeout worker can be seen on a delivery ride with food in hand. 例题4：They were long 59. _______ (wood) boxes with several layers. 例题5：LinaBell took out of her magnifying glass(放大镜) and started to examine things on Duffy’s body _______(careful) to find out where he came from. 例题6：They break down 60. _______ (easy) when they face difficulties. 例题7：It’s not 59. _______ (well) for the runner either. 例题8：_______(final)，you can share your favorite books with your friends once a week．It is helpful too． 例题9：It is _______(real) cool! 例题10：I saw my members always doing their work 63. _______ (successful) -- not depending on me to finish any things. 例题11：　　　 （recent），the IUCN（世界自然保护联盟）has declared the extinction（灭绝）of the Chinese paddlefish（白鲟）. 例题12：As we all know，it's a（7）　　　　（pain） loss（损失）to our planet. 例题13：Duke Senior was 63. _______ (surprise) to find out that Orlando was the son of his friend. 例题14：___27____ (unlucky), his father became seriously ill and died in 1896. 例题15：Not only can you make the clothes special, but you can also make the clothes you love last longer. Why not get 55_______ (create)? 例题16：The children in the village thought it was very 56____________ (interest) and they began to throw sticks and stones at the moon’s face. 图1 形容词-副词变形 技巧2：形容词变反义词。 ★词类不一定要变，可能是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, dis-等否定前缀，或否定后缀(­less)变为其反义词。 例题1：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is: no knowledge is ________ (use). 例题2：Your mistake caused a lot of ___________ (necessary) work in the office. 例题3：“Millions, ” they replied. “ It’s ___________(possible)to say exactly how much the map is worth. It’s worth whatever someone is willing to pay for it. ” 例题4：In the past, I used to be 56. _______ (dependent). 例题5：But the memory in the countryside last year is 64_________ (forget). 例题6：It may sound 57. _______ (possible), but Alena is not a common girl — she’s both clever and hard-working. 技巧3：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。 ★原级比较 ▶as+形容词/副词原级+as。 ▶not+as+形容词/副词原级+as。 ★比较级 ▶设空后含有than ...结构时，用比较级。 ▶修饰词：much、a lot、far、a little、a bit、a little bit、even、 rather、 any (否定或疑问句中)、a great deal及倍数(twice、 three times)等用比较级。 ▶“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”，表“越……，(就)越……”。 ▶“比较级+and+比较级”，表“越来越……”。 ▶“否定词+比较级”结构，表最高级含义。 ★最高级 ▶形容词最高级前用the。 ▶设空后有表示范围的标识词in、 of、 among等，用最高级。 ▶主谓+ one of the+最高级+n复数+范围 ▶主谓+ the+序数词+最高级+n单数+范围 例题1：This will consume(消耗) a lot 58. _______ (much) energy. 例题2：while for sons，Father is an idol(偶像)and the 57._______(strong)man in their life． 例题3：So far, Tech-Help has donated (捐赠)59._______(many) than 2,000 smart TV sets to different families across the country. 例题4：They say Father’s Day is in June，because this month’s sunshine is __56__ warm as a father’s love． 例题5：The teachers told me that giving visitors a correct and clear introduction to the artworks was the 62. _______ (important) thing. 例题6：As the world's（3）　　　　（large）freshwater fish，the Chinese paddlefish used to live（4）　　　　the Yangtze River. 例题7：The more games they won, the 41________ (difficult) the games became. 技巧4：形容词变名词，动词。 ★在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后/“冠词+_____ of”结构中，用名词形式。 例题1：People say the 45. _______ (popular) of LinaBell doesn’t depend on her cute looks only. 例题2：She shows great 59. _______ (interesting) in engineering because she has great love for building things. 例题3：Decluttering, after all, is supposed to help people find 65.________ (happy). B.名词 技巧1：名词变复数/所有格。 ★利用标识词确定名词的单复数 提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需改变，则考虑用所给名词的复数形式，同时注意不规则变化的情况。 ★利用名词前的修饰语，确定名词的单复数形式 ▶名词前有one of the+n复数。 ▶名词前有many, some, several, all, both, other, few, a few, a number of, hundreds of, a couple of, a dozen of, many/different kinds of等词时，填n复数。 ▶名词前有超过1的基数词，如two, three等时，填n复数。 ▶名词前有形容词different, various等时，填n复数。 ★利用谓语的数确定名词的数 ▶所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are, were, have等，填n复数。 ▶所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是单数is, was, has，则填n单数。 例题1：The cartographer carefully colored one of the ________(copy), using blue for rivers, green for trees, and brown for buildings. 例题2：There are many kinds of ________(card), especially for Father’s Day． 例题3：you should pay attention to some 59．________(rule). 例题4：With so many 58. _______ (difficulty) to deal with, I felt so tired. 例题5：I’ve had many personal 58．_______(trouble). 例题6：The old house is miniaturized; however, 35________ (people) love for their family is enlarged. 技巧2：名词变形容词/副词。 ★作表语(系动词后)、定语(n前)或补语，通常用形容词。 例题1：The youngster immediately fell _____ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例题2：In a __________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to… 例题3：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ______ (interest) in the subject. 例题4：people there lived a 55. _______ (peace) life and thought he did a good job of managing the region. 例题5：On the one hand，most of students think stress is (1) _______ (harm)to them． 例题6：Duffy and the rest of the friends are often ___41___ (surprise) of working out problems. 例题7：It is 62．________(danger)because it may cause a wildfire． 例题8：Alone and(5)　 　 (hunger)，he walked on the streets of the city. 例题9：It took me a lot of effort to do this volunteer work, but I felt happy when I met some nice visitor and finished my tour 64. _______ (success). C.动词：谓语或“非谓语”/词类转换 技巧1：谓语动词：时态、语态。 ★若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者是并列谓语时，此时前后看确定时态和语态。 例题1：In the situation, they 47____________ (ask) to look after a friend’s dog just before a fire event begins. 例题2：Besides, he 34_________ (encourage) by many of his customers and fans who praise his skills. 例题3：It 51. _______ (build) more than 4,000 years ago in Egypt (埃及). 例题4：The precious（珍稀的）fish（5）　　　　 （know）as the Chinese swordfish（剑鱼）. 例题5：The map (cover)with dust, so Mr. Jones wiped it clean. 例题6：In the Qing dynasty, many poems and books 61. _______ (record) people using hand warmers. 例题7：According to Xinhua, this ancient martial art(武术)58. (practice) by over 100 million people in 2022. 例题8：The pink fox is so popular that her souvenirs(纪念品) 42.___________ (sell) out often. 例题9：The first 400-meter track similar to today’s 65. ______ (use) in the 1920 Olympic Games. 例题10：The idea of celebrating Father’s Day 58________(give) by Sonora Smart Dodd of Washington in 1909． 例题11：In the past few years，the idea of celebrating Father’s Day (spread)across the world． 例题12：Duffy met LinaBell when he_______ (lose) his way in the forest following a butterfly. 例题13：But the red paper and black words will never 64_________ (forget). 例题14：Many artworks 60. _______ (show) at the exhibition. 例题15：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _______(close) my book and walked away. 例题16：many opera troupes(剧团) from different places 61. _______ (ask) to perform the local opera for him. 例题17：Ever since she was four, Alena 60. _______ (play) around with different types of Lego and developed a great love for building things. 例题18：In the US, the clear storage containers(储存容器) which 64.________ (sell) at the store have become more and more popular in recent years. 例题19：I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others always experienced ill luck. Plenty of people 46___________(invite) for my research. 例题20：Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence ____35____ (grow) with time. 例题21：And his other novels, such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji, 33________ (read) by Chinese young people in that period. 例题22：If each adult gave away all the clothes not worn in the past year to charity shops, 4.9 billion kilograms of CO2 emissions (二氧化碳排放) could 48____________ (save). 技巧2：非谓语动词。 ★若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 1)不定式to do表将来、目的，常考作宾语、目的状语； 2)现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语； 3)过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。 ★ to do 句型： 1)It’s adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事是...的/某人是...的 2)It takes/took sb +时间to do sth花费时间做某事 3)It’s time to do sth. 4)...make/find/discover it adj. for sb. to do sth. 5)...be +adj.+enough+to do sth. 6)...be too+adj.+to do sth. 7)...prefer to do sth rather than do sth.=prefer doing to doing sth. 8)...be seen/noticed/heard/made to do sth. 9)...the first/last/only/best to do sth. 短语： 1)...be ready/afraid/ to do sth. 2)...be able to do sth. 3)...call on sb to do sth. 4)...in order to do sth. 动词： 1)...want / would like / hope / manage / plan / afford / decide / determine / expect / prepare / promise / refuse / force / order / warn / intend / offer / agree+ to do sth. 2)...ask / allow / tell / encourage / advise / force / invite / order / remind /request / require + sb. to do sth. 3) ...ask / advise / wonder / discover... wh-疑问词+to do sth.★ doing 句型： 1) There be sb. doing sth. 2) There is no point (in) doing sth.【介词后面+doing】 3) ...spend...(in) doing sth. 4) ...have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth. 5) doing做主语/宾语，注意：谓语动词用单数 6) ...see/hear/notice sb. doing sth. 7) ...need/require/want doing sth. 8) ...be worth doing=...be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done 短语： 1) ...be used to doing sth. 2) ...devote oneself to doing sth. 3) ...look forward to doing sth. 4) ...prevent/stop...(from) doing sth. 动词： enjoy / consider / avoid / finish / practice / risk / mind / miss / keep / suggest / advise / allow / imagine + doing sth. ★ 特殊 图2 doing-to do 区别 注意：1) make / have / let sb. +do sth. 2) had better +do sth. 3) would rather +do sth. 4) Why not + do sth.=Why don’t you + do sth. ★ done 句型： 1) ...make/get/have sb.(sth.) done 例题1：The city has already had homes, stores, and offices____ (build) on the Mediterranean Sea. 例题2：Believing in non-action (无为), he used people of integrity (贤人) 53. _______ (help) him. 例题3：The young student did all that he could______ (pass)the examinations. 例题4：Zhu, the hospital’s only “doctor”, has treated hundreds of toys 58. _______ (send) from all over the country. 例题5：It is difficult for us(7)_______(say)that stress is good or bad simply． 例题6：Listening to music without (think)about the problem can make you feel relaxed． 例题7：In 1671, the king of France, Louis XIV, asked a cartographer(制图者)_______ (make)a map of Paris. 例题8：she wanted a special day_______ (honor)her father William Smart． 例题9：If you enjoy 57．____________(spend)time outdoors and show great interest in wild camping，you should pay attention to some rules． 例题10：Always remember 61．________(clean)up any mess you have made and pick up the litter you see． 例题11：My mistake during that time was that I refused 60. _______ (receive) the help from the members in my club. 例题12：Then，to everyone's surprise, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best (9)________(please)Henry. 例题13：65. _______ (keep) the tool warm, people put some burning coals in it. 例题14：In Russia, people always spend about a minute 64. _______ (go) over things and plans in their minds before leaving. 例题15：For those who love excitement, this unusual convenience store allows them 34____________ (experience) special convenience and adventure at the same time. 例题16：It 34_______ (say) that a haircut during the first lunar month may make mother’s brothers unlucky, so people avoid 35 _______ (cut) their hair before the Dragon Head Raising Day at the beginning of a new year. 例题17：The new VR experience was developed by the University of South Australia, hoping to educate children 46________ (learn) how to be safe in a fire. 例题18：Spend a few moments each day 55____________ (remember) things that went well. 例题19：The little girl, however, missed the moon so much that she started singing a song to make the moon 60_______ (rise). 技巧3：动词变名词。 ★在在“冠词(+形容词)”后/“冠词+________ of”结构中，用名词形式。 ★作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。 ★形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、量词、形容词之后，考虑填名词。 例题1：With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. 例题2:Here are some of my ___________ (suggest) for you.　 例题3: When China’s ancient scientific and technological ___________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 例题4:instructors expect students to be familiar with _______________ (inform) in the reading… 例题5:Their lives are simple, but with love, I believe that their 65. ____ (happy) will last forever. 例题6:Restaurant 55. _______ (wait) would go out into the streets and yell (吆喝) out which dishes could be 56. _______ (order) that day. 例题7:That’s the true 65. _______ (mean) of a group. 例题8:The job required a lot of 58. _______ (know) about art. 例题9:54. _______ winter is cold, these sculptures brighten the long and cold months with their beauty and 55. _______ (create). 技巧4：动词变形容词。 ★修饰名词或者系动词。 例题1：I’m_______________(excite) we could do something to help others! 例题2：How 62. _______ (regret) I was! 例题3：I was 61．_______(surprise)when she asked me if I wanted change． 例题4：Don't you think it's the most (10)　 　 (believe) story in the world？ 二 无提示词的语法填空的解题技巧 A.代词 技巧1： ★当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。 人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等； 反身代词himself, themselves等； 指示代词this, these, that, those; 不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, other, another, one, the one(s). ★修饰名词，人称代词变形容词性物主代词。 ★修饰名词，数词变序数词。 ★宾语与主语是同一人称，用反身代词。 句型： 1)It’s adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事是...的/某人是...的 2)It takes/took sb +时间to do sth花费时间做某事 3)It’s time to do sth. 4)...make/find/discover it adj. for sb. to do sth. 短语： 1)by oneself 独自地; 单独地 2)dress oneself 穿衣，打扮 3)look after oneself=take care of oneself 4)speak to oneself 自言自语 5)teach oneself sth.自学=learn sth. by oneself 6)help oneself to sth随便吃喝 7)come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性 8)for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地 9)depend on oneself依靠某人自己 10)hurt oneself伤害某人自己 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男 女 中性 主格 I (我) you (你) he (他) she (她) it (它) we (我们) you (你们) they (他们/她们/它们) 宾格 me (我) you (你) him (他) her (她) it (它) us (我们) you (你们) them (他们/她们/它们) 形容 词性物主代词 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的/她们的/它们的) 名词 性物主代词 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (它的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的) 反身代词 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) 例题1: Some students even give up (2) ________ (they)studies because of the stress． 例题2:Then you are changing 57. _______ (you) directions all the time when you run. 例题3:The 62. _______ (one) modern Olympic games were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. 例题4:William’s wife died when she was giving birth to their sixth child，so he had to raise the children by 60_______(he). 例题5:But sticking couplets was in the 58_________ (one) place． 例题6:But as I turned back to her，she thanked me again and we gave each other wishes for 63．_______(us)week ahead． 例题7:It was my 57. _______(one)time being a volunteer docent. 例题8:They were interesting, creative and a bit difficult to understand, so I had to be strict with 59. _______ (I). 例题9: They are not only the couplets,but also express 65_________ (we) love for traditional culture. 例题10: The resort covers 58. _______ area of more than 318,000 square meters in Jinshan District. 59. _______ will be made up of a theme(主题) park and a themed hotel. B.冠词 技巧2：在名词或“形容词+名词”前，填限定词。 ★如表示特指时用the。 ★表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an。 a a one-day meeting a university a uniform a useful book an an actor actress accident address(演说) agreement(协议) airplane alien American angle answer apology(道歉) apple article Asian an 18(eighteen) elephant engineer (工程师) enemy(敌人) event explanation（解释） excuse(借口) eye an excellent book an exciting story (一有趣/令人兴奋的故事), an FBI agent an hour an honest person honor(荣幸) an idea inventor(发明家) island industry(工厂) interesting movie an orange office opinion old man an umbrella unusual day understanding question ugly woman 例题1: There is no doubt that some people think stress is(3)_______dangerous knife． 例题2:“My everyday worry disappears after watching her videos,” _______18-year-old girl said. 例题3:Many students are 61. _______ only child in their family. 例题4:At the fair, every class was asked to prepare 53. _______ English presentation (陈述) about a different holiday. 例题5:If you don’t live with your dad，it’s 64________ good way to show your love． 例题6:It is an overnight stay，not at a campsite --finding 56．________ suitable location in the wild that allows you to be close to nature． 例题7:64. _______ most important reason is that they worked as a team. 例题8:Henry is_______American businessman. One day，... 例题9: In ancient times, 58. _______ rich usually used hard green stone or gold chopsticks for showing their wealth. 例题10: Marie Kondo from Japan is probably ____26____ best-known decluttering consultant (整理收纳师). 例题11: The researchers believed such VR experiences made it possible for ____53____ young to learn about fire safety directly. 例题12: Give your old clothes a new life. For example, turn 54________ old-looking pair of jeans into a pair of shorts or dye (给……染色) an old shirt a new color. C.介词 技巧3： ★句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, from, to, of, for, by, off, as, like,with, without, about, into, until, through, between, across, up, down, over, under, above, below, during, beyond, behind, beside, among, along, before, after, since, against, besides, except ★短语： on one’s own=by oneself stand for thanks to/for for +时间段/since+时间点 a number of between...and... make a living by... with the help of... be famous/known for (as) be full of = be filled with be interested in=show/give great interest in by accident care about in fact in public connect...with 例题1：Depend 54_______ your instincts (直觉)—they are often right. 例题2: And many schools care much 64. _______ students’ grades. 例题3: _______ fact，people who enjoy watching TV often have less stress．You can also go to the restaurant to have some delicious food． 例题4:The cartographer worked on the map 42_______ four years. 例题5:Escape From the British Museum”(逃出大英博物馆), has made millions 51. _______ viewers(观众) pay attention to those relics(文物) from China in the British Museum. 例题6:The track was full 64. _______ dirt and people couldn’t run fast. 例题7:The first Father’s Day was celebrated 61_______ June 19, 1910 in Washington． 例题8:Thanks 40.______ her detective-like talent, Duffy was able to find Micky Mouse finally. 例题9：If you enjoy spending time outdoors and show great interest 58．________wild camping，you should pay attention to some rules． 例题10：I just wanted to do things 61. _______ my own. 例题11：When I went to pay with my card，I asked the shop assistant 60．_______ $3 cash out． 例题12：This game connects traditional culture 51. ____________ modern game ideas. 例题13：Luckily，he was discovered and picked up by a London﹣bound(开往伦敦的)ship. So he landed in London (4)_______accident. 例题14：Today, street sellers in some cities sell these flowers 32_______visitors. 例题15：One folk story is about Emperor Yang from the Sui dynasty who visited Jiangsu 58. _______ winter. 例题16：Instead, they wanted something that could stand 62. _______ an “ideal (理想).” 例题17：Finding the cultural differences 65. _______ Russia and my country is very interesting. 例题18：But they soon ran out 62. _______ food. 例题19：The festival is celebrated 46. ________ the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar every year. 例题20：Women need to cover their bodies and heads when they are 51_______ public. 例题21：They also learned to make wise decisions to protect themselves 50_______ a fire. D.连词 技巧4： ★若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 ★若两句之间表示转折关系有逗号填however，前后对比用while，表因果关系有逗号填therefore, 无逗号填so。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 例题1：They will clean the smart TV set make it better. 例题2：They believe enough stress can push them forward(5) help them succeed． 例题3：“It really brings me great joy and satisfaction. I could hardly understand why people love a cartoon so much before. after meeting LinaBell, all I think about is the little fox.” 例题4：Life is too short to waste on things that don’t matter. So, take every chance to learn and grow, 35 you will not manage to reach your goals. 例题5: From Muniba's story，we can learn that disability can not stop us from achieving success.She has taught people the importance of self﹣love　 　 the power of the human spirit. 例题6: When we eat or sleep, we often put them right by our side, 51. _______ the chance of catching bacteria from phones is big. 技巧5： ★若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间：when, while, as, before, after, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until 地点：where, wherever 原因：because, as, since, 结果：so/such…that 比较：than, as…as, the more…the more 让步：although, though, while, as, no matter what/who/when…, whatever…., whether…or, 方式：as 条件：if, unless 句型： 1) ...so...that... 2) ...wonder if/whether... 例题1：It’s also a good idea to take notes of emotions related to ____ you eat. 例题2：Nowadays, there are many children 59. _______ are just like strawberries. 例题3：Li Yuan, a 30-year-old engineer 59. _______ grew up in Zhejiang Province, brought qingtuan back to Beijing where he works. 例题4：Mr. Jones hasn’t decided _______he will sell his three-dollar map at that price or wait for a higher offer. 例题5：You may wonder 65．________ wild camping is safe． 例题6：With so many difficulties to deal with, I felt so tired 59. _____ I had to be in hospital later. 例题7：Besides, 63. _______ my guidance was too boring, the visitors wouldn’t be interested in the exhibition. 例题8：65________ they are delicious, don’t eat too much． 例题9：They can see everything 52_______ is in front of them, rather than just what they are looking for. 例题10：He is an artist 26_______ is good at making miniatures (微缩模型). 例题11：We have to collect the pandas’ feces(粪便), as it can tell us what the pandas have been eating and 51. _______ they are healthy or not. 例题12：In 1918, he created his famous short story Diary of a Mad Man 32_______ was the first Chinese novel to use the everyday language. 动词过去式-过去分词不规则变化 一、AAA型（原形→原形→原形） 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 read read read 读 cut cut cut 切，割 let let let 让 put put put 放 cost cost cost 花费，值 hit hit hit 撞，击 set set set 安排，安置 hurt hurt hurt 使…伤痛 bet bet bet 赌博，打赌 cast cast cast 抛 二、ABA型（原形→过去式→原形） 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 become became become 成为 come came come 来 run ran run 跑 三、ABC型 1. ow →ew →own 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 blow blew blown 吹 draw drew drawn 画 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known   知道 throw threw thrown 扔 2. i→a →u 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝 sing sang sung 唱 swim swam swum 游泳 ring rang rung 打电话 3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 wear wore worn 穿 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 speak spoke spoken 说 freeze froze frozen 冻 choose chose chosen 选择 4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 eat ate eaten 吃 forbid forbade forbidden 禁止 give gave given 给 ride rode ridden 骑 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 fall fell fallen 落下 break broke broken 打破，折断 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅；宽恕 drive drove driven 驾驶 mistake mistook mistaken 误解 rise rose risen 上升 shake shook shaken 摇 5. 无规律 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 am/is was been 是 are were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 走 take took taken 拿 四、ABB型 1. 原形→ought →ought 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 打架 think thought thought 思考 seek sought sought 寻求 2. 原形→aught →aught 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 catch caught caught 捉,抓 teach taught taught 教 3. 变其中一个元音字母 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 feed fed fed 喂 meet met met 遇见 get  got got 得到 hold held held 拥有 babysit babysat babysat 临时照看 sit sat sat 坐 win won won 赢 find found found 发现 bend bent bent 使弯曲 dig dug dug 挖 lead led led 引导 4. 原形→□t→□t 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 feel felt felt 感到 keep kept kept 保持 leave left left 离开 sleep slept slept 睡 sweep swept swept 扫 smell smelt smelt 闻；发出气味 retell retold retold 复述 5. 变其中一个辅音字母 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 build built built 建造 hear heard heard 听见 make made made 制造 mean meant meant 意思 send sent sent 送,寄 spend spent spent 花费 deal dealt dealt 处理 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 重建 lend lent lent 借贷 6.辅音字母和元音字母都变 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 have had had 有,吃 lay laid laid 放置,产卵 lose lost lost 丢失 pay paid paid 付钱 say said said 说 sell sold sold 卖 tell told told 告诉 stand stood stood 站 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误解 shoot shot shot 放炮；开枪 understand understood understood 理解 五、AAB型 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 beat beat beaten 打败 六、有两种形式 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 bear bore born 生 bore borne hang hanged hanged 吊死 hung hung 挂 learn learned learned 学 learnt learnt lie lied lied 说谎 lay lain 躺 show showed showed 给……看 showed shown spell spelled spelled 拼写 spelt spelt burn burned  burned 烧 burnt burnt smell smelled smelled 闻 smelt smelt shine shined shined 照耀 shone shone dream dreamed dreamed 做梦 dreamt dreamt wake waked waked 醒 woke woken hide hid hid 躲藏 hid hidden bite bit bit 咬 bit bitten light lighted lighted 点着 lit lit prove proved proved 证明 proved proven quit quit quit 放弃 quited quited rid rid rid 免除；去掉 ridded ridded sawed sawn sewed sown shine shone shone 发光；闪亮 shined shined sink sank sunk 下沉 sank sunken sowed sown 1.动词-ing/ed特殊变形 ★常用双写最后一个辅音字母+ing/ed的动词 begin----beginning开始 cut----cutting剪、切 get----getting获得、得到、取 hit----hitting击、打、撞 let----letting让 put----putting放 run----running跑 set----setting设置、套 shut----shutting关闭、闭 sit----sitting坐 swim----swimming游、游泳 win----winning赢、获胜 shop----shopping---shopped购物、逛商店 dig----digging---digged/dug挖 forget--forgetting--forgotten忘记 step----stepping---stepped踩、踏 nod----nodding---nodded点头 skip-----skipping-----skipped跳跃 beg----begging----begged乞求、乞讨 drag---dragging---dragged拖，拉 drop----dropping---dropped坠落、落下 fit----fitting---fitted适合、合适 hug----hugging---hugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有 plan----planning----planned计划、打算 pat----patting---patted轻拍（打）、抚拍 rob---robbing--robbed抢劫、劫掠、盗取、剥夺 prefer---preferring---preferred 宁愿 regret-- regretting--regretted遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉） stop---stopping--stopped停止、停下、住手 stir---stirring--stirred搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布 rub---rubbing--rubbed擦（上）、摩擦、擦到 slip---slipping--slipped滑倒、跌倒 pin---pinning----pinned用别针别住 occur---occurring--occurred发生 equip---equipping---equipped装备，配备 jog---jogging---jogged慢跑 travel---travel(l)ing---travel(l)ed旅行、行进 2.名词变复数特殊变化 man---men woman--women foot--feet tooth--teeth mouse--mice goose--geese child--children ox--oxen crisis--crises half--halves knife--knives wife--wives leaf--leaves wolf--wolves hero--heroes tomato--tomatoes potato--potatoes 3.比较级，最高级特殊变化 good/well--better--best bad/ill--worse--worst old--older/elder--oldest/eldest many/much--more--most little--less--least far--farther/further--farthest/furthest big--bigger--biggest thin--thinner--thinnest hot--hotter--hottest happy--happier--happiest healthy--healthier--healthiest early--earlier--earliest easy--easier--easiest tiny-tinier-tiniest heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.动词去e + ing特殊变化 make take skate(滑冰) dance have give change(改变) come live close(靠近) wake(醒来) drive(驾驶) write shake share(分享) excite(兴奋的,修饰物) like(习惯) celebrate(庆祝) smile(微笑) move(移动) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 中考-专项训练：语法填空 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they ____26____ (be) of lasting value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at ____27____ same time. China has ____28____ (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books ____29____ (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged ____30____ (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also ____31____ (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them ____32____ they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great ____33____ (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested ____34____ learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. ____35____ (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 【答案】26. are 27. the 28. its 29. were written 30. to read 31. newer 32. because 33. stories 34. in 35. Slowly 一 有提示词的语法填空的解题技巧 A. 形容词/副词 技巧1：形容词变副词。 ★副词：修饰整个句子、介词短语、实义动词、副词、形容词。 ★形容词：系动词、名词。 例题1：That way, you are not stressed: you wake up every day _______ (happy) and can handle (处理) any problem that comes in your way! 例题2：Children always feel excited because they can get some _______ (luck) money wrapped in red envelopes. 例题3：In the _______ (fame) Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeout worker can be seen on a delivery ride with food in hand. 例题4：They were long _______ (wood) boxes with several layers. 例题5：LinaBell took out of her magnifying glass(放大镜) and started to examine things on Duffy’s body _______(careful) to find out where he came from. 例题6：They break down _______ (easy) when they face difficulties. 例题7：It’s not _______ (well) for the runner either. 例题8：_______(final)，you can share your favorite books with your friends once a week．It is helpful too． 例题9：It is _______(real) cool! 例题10：I saw my members always doing their work _______ (successful) -- not depending on me to finish any things. 例题11：　　　 （recent），the IUCN（世界自然保护联盟）has declared the extinction（灭绝）of the Chinese paddlefish（白鲟）. 例题12：As we all know，it's a 　　　　（pain） loss（损失）to our planet. 例题13：Duke Senior was _______ (surprise) to find out that Orlando was the son of his friend. 例题14：___ ____ (unlucky), his father became seriously ill and died in 1896. 例题15：Not only can you make the clothes special, but you can also make the clothes you love last longer. Why not get _______ (create)? 例题16：The children in the village thought it was very ____________ (interest) and they began to throw sticks and stones at the moon’s face. 答案：1. happily 2.lucky 3.famous 4.wooden 5.carefully 6.easily 7.good 8.Finally 9.really 10.successfully 11.Recently 12.painful 13.surprised 14.Unluckily 15.creative 16. interesting 图1 形容词-副词变形 技巧2：形容词变反义词。 ★词类不一定要变，可能是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, dis-等否定前缀，或否定后缀(­less)变为其反义词。 例题1：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is: no knowledge is ________ (use). 例题2：Your mistake caused a lot of ___________ (necessary) work in the office. 例题3：“Millions, ” they replied. “ It’s ___________(possible)to say exactly how much the map is worth. It’s worth whatever someone is willing to pay for it. ” 例题4：In the past, I used to be _____________ (dependent). I didn’t want to ask others for help. 例题5：But the memory in the countryside last year is _________ (forget). 例题6：It may sound _______ (possible), but Alena is not a common girl — she’s both clever and hard-working. 答案：1. useless 2.unnecessary 3.impossible 4.independent 5.unforgettable 6.impossible 技巧3：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。 ★原级比较 ▶as+形容词/副词原级+as。 ▶not+as+形容词/副词原级+as。 ★比较级 ▶设空后含有than ...结构时，用比较级。 ▶修饰词：much、a lot、far、a little、a bit、a little bit、even、 rather、 any (否定或疑问句中)、a great deal及倍数(twice、 three times)等用比较级。 ▶“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”，表“越……，(就)越……”。 ▶“比较级+and+比较级”，表“越来越……”。 ▶“否定词+比较级”结构，表最高级含义。 ★最高级 ▶形容词最高级前用the。 ▶设空后有表示范围的标识词in、 of、 among等，用最高级。 ▶主谓+ one of the+最高级+n复数+范围 ▶主谓+ the+序数词+最高级+n单数+范围 例题1：This will consume(消耗) a lot ____________ (much) energy. 例题2：while for sons，Father is an idol(偶像)and the ____________(strong)man in their life． 例题3：So far, Tech-Help has donated (捐赠)____________(many) than 2,000 smart TV sets to different families across the country. 例题4：They say Father’s Day is in June，because this month’s sunshine is _________ warm as a father’s love． 例题5：The teachers told me that giving visitors a correct and clear introduction to the artworks was the ____________ (important) thing. 例题6：As the world's____________（large） freshwater fish，the Chinese paddlefish used to live____________the Yangtze River. 例题7：The more games they won, the ____________ (difficult) the games became. 答案：1. more 2.strongest 3.more 4. as 5.most important 6.largest 7. more difficult 技巧4：形容词变名词，动词。 ★在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后/“冠词+_____ of”结构中，用名词形式。 例题1：People say the _______ (popular) of LinaBell doesn’t depend on her cute looks only. 例题2：She shows great _______ (interesting) in engineering because she has great love for building things. 例题3：Decluttering, after all, is supposed to help people find ________ (happy). 答案：1.popularity 2. interest 3. happiness B. 名词 技巧1：名词变复数/所有格。 ★利用标识词确定名词的单复数 提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需改变，则考虑用所给名词的复数形式，同时注意不规则变化的情况。 ★利用名词前的修饰语，确定名词的单复数形式 ▶名词前有one of the+n复数。 ▶名词前有many、some、several、all、both、other、few、a few、a number of、hundreds of、a couple of、a dozen of、many/different kinds of等词时，填n复数。 ▶名词前有超过1的基数词，如two、 three等时，填n复数。 ▶名词前有形容词different、various等时，填n复数。 ★利用谓语的数确定名词的数 ▶所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are, were, have等，填n复数。 ▶所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是单数is, was, has，则填n单数。 例题1：The cartographer carefully colored one of the ________(copy), using blue for rivers, green for trees, and brown for buildings. 例题2：There are many kinds of ________(card)，especially for Father’s Day． 例题3：you should pay attention to some ________(rule)． 例题4：With so many _______ (difficulty) to deal with, I felt so tired. 例题5：I’ve had many personal _______(trouble)． 例题6：The old house is miniaturized; however, _______ (people) love for their family is enlarged. 答案：1. copies 2.cards 3. rules 4.difficulties 5.troubles 6. people’s 技巧2：名词变形容词/副词。 ★作表语(系动词后)、定语(n前)或补语，通常用形容词。 例题1：The youngster immediately fell___________(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例题2：In a __________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to… 例题3：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students__________ (interest) in the subject. 例题4：people there lived a__________ (peace) life and thought he did a good job of managing the region. 例题5：On the one hand，most of students think stress is __________ (harm)to them． 例题6：Duffy and the rest of the friends are often __________ (surprise) of working out problems. 例题7：It is __________(danger)because it may cause a wildfire． 例题8：Alone and__________ (hunger)，he walked on the streets of the city. 例题9：It took me a lot of effort to do this volunteer work, but I felt happy when I met some nice visitor and finished my tour __________ (success). 答案：1.silent 2.dangerous 3.interested 4.peaceful 5.harmful 6.surprised 7.dangerous 8.hungry 9.successfully C. 动词：谓语或“非谓语”/词类转换 技巧1：谓语动词：时态、语态。 ★若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者是并列谓语时，此时前后看确定时态和语态。 例题1：In the situation, they ____________ (ask) to look after a friend’s dog just before a fire event begins. 例题2：Besides, he____________ (encourage) by many of his customers and fans who praise his skills. 例题3：It ____________ (build) more than 4,000 years ago in Egypt (埃及). 例题4：The precious（珍稀的）fish____________（know）as the Chinese swordfish（剑鱼）. 例题5：The map (cover)with dust, so Mr. Jones wiped it clean. 例题6：In the Qing dynasty, many poems and books ____________ (record) people using hand warmers. 例题7：According to Xinhua, this ancient martial art(武术)____________(practice) by over 100 million people in 2022. 例题8：The pink fox is so popular that her souvenirs(纪念品)____________ (sell) out often. 例题9：The first 400-meter track similar to today’s ____________ (use) in the 1920 Olympic Games. 例题10：The idea of celebrating Father’s Day ____________(give) by Sonora Smart Dodd of Washington in 1909． 例题11：In the past few years，the idea of celebrating Father’s Day____________(spread)across the world． 例题12：Duffy met LinaBell when he____________ (lose) his way in the forest following a butterfly. 例题13：But the red paper and black words will never____________ (forget). 例题14：Many artworks ____________ (show) at the exhibition. 例题15：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _______(close) my book and walked away. 例题16：many opera troupes(剧团) from different places ____________ (ask) to perform the local opera for him. 例题17：Ever since she was four, Alena ____________ (play) around with different types of Lego and developed a great love for building things. 例题18：In the US, the clear storage containers(储存容器) which ____________ (sell) at the store have become more and more popular in recent years. 例题19：I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others always experienced ill luck. Plenty of people ____________(invite) for my research. 例题20：Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence ____________ (grow) with time. 例题21：And his other novels, such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji, ____________ (read) by Chinese young people in that period. 例题22：If each adult gave away all the clothes not worn in the past year to charity shops, 4.9 billion kilograms of CO2 emissions (二氧化碳排放) could____________ (save). 答案：1.are asked 2.is encouraged 3.was built 4.is known 5.was covered 6.recorded 7.was practiced 8.are sold 9.was used 10.was given 11.has spread 12.lost 13. be forgotten 14. were/are shown 15. closed 16.are asked 17.has played 18.are sold 19. Were invited 20.has grown 21. were read 22.be saved 技巧2：非谓语动词。 ★若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 1)不定式to do表将来、目的，常考作宾语、目的状语； 2)现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语； 3)过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。 ★ to do 句型： 1)It’s adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事是...的/某人是...的 2)It takes/took sb +时间to do sth花费时间做某事 3)It’s time to do sth. 4)...make/find/discover it adj. for sb. to do sth. 5)...be +adj.+enough+to do sth. 6)...be too+adj.+to do sth. 7)...prefer to do sth rather than do sth.=prefer doing to doing sth. 8)...be seen/noticed/heard/made to do sth. 9)...the first/last/only/best to do sth. 10)表目的，放于句首，用to do 短语： 1)...be ready/afraid/ to do sth. 2)...be able to do sth. 3)...call on sb to do sth. 4)...in order to do sth. 动词： 1)...want / would like / hope / manage / plan / afford / decide / determine / expect / prepare / promise / refuse / force / order / warn / intend / offer / agree+ to do sth. 2)...ask / allow / tell / encourage / advise / force / invite / order / remind /request / require + sb. to do sth. 3) ...ask / advise / wonder / discover... wh-疑问词+to do sth. ★ doing 句型： 1) There be sb. doing sth. 2) There is no point (in) doing sth.【介词后面+doing】 3) ...spend...(in) doing sth. 4) ...have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth. 5) doing做主语/宾语，注意：谓语动词用单数 6) ...see/hear/notice sb. doing sth. 7) ...need/require/want doing sth. 8) ...be worth doing=...be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done 短语： 1) ...be used to doing sth. 2) ...devote oneself to doing sth. 3) ...look forward to doing sth. 4) ...prevent/stop...(from) doing sth. 动词： enjoy / consider / avoid / finish / practice / risk / mind / miss / keep / suggest / advise / allow / imagine + doing sth. ★ 特殊 图2 doing-to do 区别 注意：1) make / have / let sb. +do sth. 2) had better +do sth. 3) would rather +do sth. 4) Why not + do sth.=Why don’t you + do sth. ★ done 句型： 1) ...make/get/have sb.(sth.) done 例题1：The city has already had homes, stores, and offices____________ (build) on the Mediterranean Sea. 例题2：Believing in non-action (无为), he used people of integrity (贤人)____________ (help) him. 例题3：The young student did all that he could____________ (pass)the examinations. 例题4：Zhu, the hospital’s only “doctor”, has treated hundreds of toys ____________ (send) from all over the country. 例题5：It is difficult for us ____________(say) that stress is good or bad simply． 例题6：Listening to music without____________(think) about the problem can make you feel relaxed． 例题7：In 1671, the king of France, Louis XIV, asked a cartographer(制图者)____________ (make) a map of Paris. 例题8：she wanted a special day____________ (honor)her father William Smart． 例题9：If you enjoy ____________(spend) time outdoors and show great interest in wild camping，you should pay attention to some rules． 例题10：Always remember ____________(clean)up any mess you have made and pick up the litter you see． 例题11：My mistake during that time was that I refused ____________ (receive) the help from the members in my club. 例题12：Then，to everyone's surprise, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best ____________(please)Henry. 例题13：____________ (keep) the tool warm, people put some burning coals in it. 例题14：In Russia, people always spend about a minute ____________(go) over things and plans in their minds before leaving. 例题15：For those who love excitement, this unusual convenience store allows them ____________(experience) special convenience and adventure at the same time. 例题16：It ____________ (say) that a haircut during the first lunar month may make mother’s brothers unlucky, so people avoid ____________ (cut) their hair before the Dragon Head Raising Day at the beginning of a new year. 例题17：The new VR experience was developed by the University of South Australia, hoping to educate children ____________ (learn) how to be safe in a fire. 例题18：Spend a few moments each day ____________ (remember) things that went well. 例题19：The little girl, however, missed the moon so much that she started singing a song to make the moon ____________ (rise). 答案：1.built 2.to help 3.to pass 4.sent 5.to say 6.thinking 7.to make 8.to honor 9.spending 10. to clean 11.to receive 12.to please 13.To keep 14.going 15. to experience 16. is said cutting 17.to learn 18.remembering 19.rise 技巧3：动词变名词。 ★在在“冠词(+形容词)”后/“冠词+________ of”结构中，用名词形式。 ★作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。 ★形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、量词、形容词之后，考虑填名词。 例题1：With the large numbers of students, the___________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. 例题2:Here are some of my ___________ (suggest) for you.　 例题3: When China’s ancient scientific and technological ___________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 例题4:instructors expect students to be familiar with _______________ (inform) in the reading… 例题5:Their lives are simple, but with love, I believe that their ___________ (happy) will last forever. 例题6:Restaurant ___________ (wait) would go out into the streets and yell (吆喝) out which dishes could be ___________ (order) that day. 例题7:That’s the true ___________ (mean) of a group. 例题8:The job required a lot of ___________ (know) about art. 例题9:___________ winter is cold, these sculptures brighten the long and cold months with their beauty and ___________ (create). 答案：1.operation 2.suggestions 3.achievements 4.information 5. happiness 6.waiters ordered 7.meaning 8.knowledge 9.Although creativity 技巧4：动词变形容词。 ★修饰名词或者系动词。 例题1：I’m_______________(excite) we could do something to help others! 例题2：How 62. _______ (regret) I was! 例题3：I was 61．_______(surprise)when she asked me if I wanted change． 例题4：Don't you think it's the most (10)　 　 (believe) story in the world？ 答案：1. excited 2.regretful 3.surprised 4.unbelievable 二 无提示词的语法填空的解题技巧 A.代词 技巧1： ★当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看，是指人、事物；指男、指女，单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。 人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等； 反身代词himself, themselves等； 指示代词this, these, that, those; 不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, other, another, one, the one(s). ★修饰名词，人称代词变形容词性物主代词。 ★修饰名词，数词变序数词。 ★宾语与主语是同一人称，用反身代词。 句型： 1)It’s adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事是...的/某人是...的 2)It takes/took sb +时间to do sth花费时间做某事 3)It’s time to do sth. 4)...make/find/discover it adj. for sb. to do sth. 短语： 1)by oneself 独自地; 单独地 2)dress oneself 穿衣，打扮 3)look after oneself=take care of oneself 4)speak to oneself 自言自语 5)teach oneself sth.自学=learn sth. by oneself 6)help oneself to sth随便吃喝 7)come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性 8)for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地 9)depend on oneself依靠某人自己 10)hurt oneself伤害某人自己 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 男 女 中性 主格 I (我) you (你) he (他) she (她) it (它) we (我们) you (你们) they (他们/她们/它们) 宾格 me (我) you (你) him (他) her (她) it (它) us (我们) you (你们) them (他们/她们/它们) 形容 词性物主代词 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的/她们的/它们的) 名词 性物主代词 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (它的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的) 反身代词 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) 例题1: Some students even give up ________ (they)studies because of the stress． 例题2:Then you are changing ________ (you) directions all the time when you run. 例题3:The ________ (one) modern Olympic games were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. 例题4:William’s wife died when she was giving birth to their sixth child，so he had to raise the children by ___________(he). 例题5:But sticking couplets was in the _________ (one) place． 例题6:But as I turned back to her，she thanked me again and we gave each other wishes for _______(us)week ahead． 例题7:It was my _______(one)time being a volunteer docent. 例题8:They were interesting, creative and a bit difficult to understand, so I had to be strict with _______ (I). 例题9: They are not only the couplets, but also express _________ (we) love for traditional culture. 例题10: The resort covers _______ area of more than 318,000 square meters in Jinshan District. _______ will be made up of a theme(主题) park and a themed hotel. 答案：1.their 2.your 3.first 4.himself 5. first 6.our 7.first 8.myself 9.our 10.an It B.冠词 技巧2：在名词或“形容词+名词”前，填限定词。 ★如表示特指时用the。 ★表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an。 a a one-day meeting a university a uniform a useful book an an actor actress accident address(演说) agreement(协议) airplane alien American angle answer apology(道歉) apple article Asian an 18(eighteen) elephant engineer (工程师) enemy(敌人) event explanation（解释） excuse(借口) eye an excellent book an exciting story (一有趣/令人兴奋的故事), an FBI agent an hour an honest person honor(荣幸) an idea inventor(发明家) island industry(工厂) interesting movie an orange office opinion old man an umbrella unusual day understanding question ugly woman 例题1: There is no doubt that some people think stress is(3)_______dangerous knife． 例题2:“My everyday worry disappears after watching her videos,” _______18-year-old girl said. 例题3:Many students are 61. _______ only child in their family. 例题4:At the fair, every class was asked to prepare 53. _______ English presentation (陈述) about a different holiday. 例题5:If you don’t live with your dad，it’s 64________ good way to show your love． 例题6:It is an overnight stay，not at a campsite -finding 56．________ suitable location in the wild that allows you to be close to nature． 例题7:64. _______ most important reason is that they worked as a team. 例题8:Henry is_______American businessman. One day，... 例题9: In ancient times, 58. _______ rich usually used hard green stone or gold chopsticks for showing their wealth. 例题10: Marie Kondo from Japan is probably ____26____ best-known decluttering consultant (整理收纳师). 例题11: The researchers believed such VR experiences made it possible for ____53____ young to learn about fire safety directly. 例题12: Give your old clothes a new life. For example, turn 54________ old-looking pair of jeans into a pair of shorts or dye (给……染色) an old shirt a new color. 答案：1.a 2.an 3. the 4.an 5. a 6.a 7.The 8.an 9.the 10.the 11. the 12. an C.介词 技巧3： ★句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, from, to, of, for, by, off, as, like, with, without, about, into, until, through, between, across, up, down, over, under, above, below, during, beyond, behind, beside, among, along, before, after, since, against, besides, except 短语： on one’s own=by oneself stand for thanks to/for for +时间段/since+时间点 a number of between...and... make a living by... with the help of... be famous/known for (as) be full of = be filled with be interested in=show/give great interest in by accident care about in fact in public connect...with 例题1：Depend ___54___ your instincts (直觉)—they are often right. 例题2: And many schools care much 64. _______ students’ grades. 例题3: _______ fact，people who enjoy watching TV often have less stress．You can also go to the restaurant to have some delicious food． 例题4:The cartographer worked on the map ___42___ four years. 例题5:Escape From the British Museum”(逃出大英博物馆), has made millions 51. _______ viewers(观众) pay attention to those relics(文物) from China in the British Museum. 例题6:The track was full 64. _______ dirt and people couldn’t run fast. 例题7:The first Father’s Day was celebrated 61._______ June 19, 1910 in Washington． 例题8:Thanks 40.______ her detective-like talent, Duffy was able to find Micky Mouse finally. 例题9：If you enjoy spending time outdoors and show great interest 58．________wild camping，you should pay attention to some rules． 例题10：I just wanted to do things 61. _______ my own. 例题11：When I went to pay with my card，I asked the shop assistant 60．_______ $3 cash out． 例题12：This game connects traditional culture 51. modern game ideas. 例题13：Luckily，he was discovered and picked up by a London﹣bound(开往伦敦的)ship. So he landed in London(4)　 　 accident. 例题14：Today, street sellers in some cities sell these flowers ____32____ visitors. 例题15：One folk story is about Emperor Yang from the Sui dynasty who visited Jiangsu 58. _______ winter. 例题16：Instead, they wanted something that could stand 62. an “ideal (理想).” 例题17：Finding the cultural differences 65. _______ Russia and my country is very interesting. 例题18：But they soon ran out 62. _______ food. 例题19：The festival is celebrated 46. ________ the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar every year. 例题20：Women need to cover their bodies and heads when they are 51________ public. 例题21：They also learned to make wise decisions to protect themselves 50________ a fire. 答案：1.on 2.about 3.In 4.for 5.of 6.of 7.on 8.to 9.in 10.on 11.for 12. with 13.by 14.to 15.in 16.for 17.between 18.of 19.on 20.in 21.from D.连词 技巧4： ★若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 ★若两句之间表示转折关系有逗号填however，前后对比用while，表因果关系有逗号填therefore, 无逗号填so。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 例题1：They will clean the smart TV set make it better. 例题2：They believe enough stress can push them forward(5) help them succeed． 例题3：“It really brings me great joy and satisfaction. I could hardly understand why people love a cartoon so much before. after meeting LinaBell, all I think about is the little fox.” 例题4：Life is too short to waste on things that don’t matter. So, take every chance to learn and grow, 35 you will not manage to reach your goals. 例题5: From Muniba's story，we can learn that disability can not stop us from achieving success.She has taught people the importance of self﹣love　 　 the power of the human spirit. 例题6: When we eat or sleep, we often put them right by our side, 51. _______ the chance of catching bacteria from phones is big. 答案：1.and 2.and 3.But 4.or 5.and 6.so 技巧5： ★若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间：when, while, as, before, after, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until 地点：where, wherever 原因：because, as, since, 结果：so/such…that 比较：than, as…as, the more…the more 让步：although, though, while, as, no matter what/who/when…, whatever…., whether…or, 方式：as 条件：if, unless 句型： 1) ...so...that... 2) ...wonder if/whether... 例题1：It’s also a good idea to take notes of emotions related to ____ you eat. 例题2：Nowadays, there are many children 59. _______ are just like strawberries. 例题3：Li Yuan, a 30-year-old engineer 59. _______ grew up in Zhejiang Province, brought qingtuan back to Beijing where he works. 例题4：Mr. Jones hasn’t decided _______he will sell his three-dollar map at that price or wait for a higher offer. 例题5：You may wonder 65．________ wild camping is safe． 例题6：With so many difficulties to deal with, I felt so tired 59. _____ I had to be in hospital later. 例题7：Besides, 63. _______ my guidance was too boring, the visitors wouldn’t be interested in the exhibition. 例题8：65________ they are delicious, don’t eat too much． 例题9：They can see everything 52______ is in front of them, rather than just what they are looking for. 例题10：He is an artist 26______ is good at making miniatures (微缩模型). 例题11：We have to collect the pandas’ feces(粪便), as it can tell us what the pandas have been eating and 51. _______ they are healthy or not. 例题12：In 1918, he created his famous short story Diary of a Mad Man 32________ was the first Chinese novel to use the everyday language. 答案：1.what 2.who 3.who 4.whether 5.whether/if 6.that 7.if 8.Although/Though 1. that 10.who 11.whether 12.which 动词过去式-过去分词不规则变化 一、AAA型（原形→原形→原形） 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 read read read 读 cut cut cut 切，割 let let let 让 put put put 放 cost cost cost 花费，值 hit hit hit 撞，击 set set set 安排，安置 hurt hurt hurt 使…伤痛 bet bet bet 赌博，打赌 cast cast cast 抛 二、ABA型（原形→过去式→原形） 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 become became become 成为 come came come 来 run ran run 跑 三、ABC型 1. ow →ew →own 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 blow blew blown 吹 draw drew drawn 画 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known   知道 throw threw thrown 扔 2. i→a →u 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝 sing sang sung 唱 swim swam swum 游泳 ring rang rung 打电话 3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 wear wore worn 穿 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 speak spoke spoken 说 freeze froze frozen 冻 choose chose chosen 选择 4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 eat ate eaten 吃 forbid forbade forbidden 禁止 give gave given 给 ride rode ridden 骑 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 fall fell fallen 落下 break broke broken 打破，折断 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅；宽恕 drive drove driven 驾驶 mistake mistook mistaken 误解 rise rose risen 上升 shake shook shaken 摇 5. 无规律 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 am/is was been 是 are were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 走 take took taken 拿 四、ABB型 1. 原形→ought →ought 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 打架 think thought thought 思考 seek sought sought 寻求 2. 原形→aught →aught 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 catch caught caught 捉,抓 teach taught taught 教 3. 变其中一个元音字母 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 feed fed fed 喂 meet met met 遇见 get  got got 得到 hold held held 拥有 babysit babysat babysat 临时照看 sit sat sat 坐 win won won 赢 find found found 发现 bend bent bent 使弯曲 dig dug dug 挖 lead led led 引导 4. 原形→□t→□t 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 feel felt felt 感到 keep kept kept 保持 leave left left 离开 sleep slept slept 睡 sweep swept swept 扫 smell smelt smelt 闻；发出气味 retell retold retold 复述 5. 变其中一个辅音字母 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 build built built 建造 hear heard heard 听见 make made made 制造 mean meant meant 意思 send sent sent 送,寄 spend spent spent 花费 deal dealt dealt 处理 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 重建 lend lent lent 借贷 6.辅音字母和元音字母都变 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 have had had 有,吃 lay laid laid 放置,产卵 lose lost lost 丢失 pay paid paid 付钱 say said said 说 sell sold sold 卖 tell told told 告诉 stand stood stood 站 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误解 shoot shot shot 放炮；开枪 understand understood understood 理解 五、AAB型 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 beat beat beaten 打败 六、有两种形式 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 bear bore born 生 bore borne hang hanged hanged 吊死 hung hung 挂 learn learned learned 学 learnt learnt lie lied lied 说谎 lay lain 躺 show showed showed 给……看 showed shown spell spelled spelled 拼写 spelt spelt burn burned  burned 烧 burnt burnt smell smelled smelled 闻 smelt smelt shine shined shined 照耀 shone shone dream dreamed dreamed 做梦 dreamt dreamt wake waked waked 醒 woke woken hide hid hid 躲藏 hid hidden bite bit bit 咬 bit bitten light lighted lighted 点着 lit lit prove proved proved 证明 proved proven shined shined sink sank sunk 下沉 sank sunken sowed sown 1.动词-ing/ed特殊变形 ★常用双写最后一个辅音字母+ing/ed的动词 begin----beginning开始 cut----cutting剪、切 get----getting获得、得到、取 hit----hitting击、打、撞 let----letting让 put----putting放 run----running跑 set----setting设置、套 shut----shutting关闭、闭 sit----sitting坐 swim----swimming游、游泳 win----winning赢、获胜 shop----shopping---shopped购物、逛商店 dig----digging---digged/dug挖 forget--forgetting--forgotten忘记 step----stepping---stepped踩、踏 nod----nodding---nodded点头 skip-----skipping-----skipped跳跃 beg----begging----begged乞求、乞讨 drag---dragging---dragged拖，拉 drop----dropping---dropped坠落、落下 fit----fitting---fitted适合、合适 hug----hugging---hugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有 plan----planning----planned计划、打算 pat----patting---patted轻拍（打）、抚拍 rob---robbing--robbed抢劫、劫掠、盗取、剥夺 prefer---preferring---preferred 宁愿 regret-- regretting--regretted遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉） stop---stopping--stopped停止、停下、住手 stir---stirring--stirred搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布 rub---rubbing--rubbed擦（上）、摩擦、擦到 slip---slipping--slipped滑倒、跌倒 pin---pinning----pinned用别针别住 occur---occurring--occurred发生 equip---equipping---equipped装备，配备 jog---jogging---jogged慢跑 travel---travel(l)ing---travel(l)ed旅行、行进 2.名词变复数特殊变化 man---men woman--women foot--feet tooth--teeth mouse--mice goose--geese child--children ox--oxen crisis--crises half--halves knife--knives wife--wives leaf--leaves wolf--wolves hero--heroes tomato--tomatoes potato--potatoes 3.比较级，最高级特殊变化 good/well--better--best bad/ill--worse--worst old--older/elder--oldest/eldest many/much--more--most little--less--least far--farther/further--farthest/furthest big--bigger--biggest thin--thinner--thinnest hot--hotter--hottest happy--happier--happiest healthy--healthier--healthiest early--earlier--earliest easy--easier--easiest tiny-tinier-tiniest heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.动词去e + ing特殊变化 make take skate(滑冰) dance have give change(改变) come live close(靠近) wake(醒来) drive(驾驶) write shake share(分享) excite(兴奋的,修饰物) like(习惯) celebrate(庆祝) smile(微笑) move(移动) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $