期末重难点复习（词汇+语法+句型+专项训练）（Unit5—8）2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 以单元为单位构建“词汇-短语-句型-语法-训练”完整体系，通过对比辨析、易错提醒提炼实用方法，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇短语|每单元8-12词/6短语|词性+例句+辨析|从核心词义到语境应用| |语法考点|情态动词/被动语态等|表格对比+转换步骤|从结构规则到易错规避| |专项训练|8类题型/单元|句型转换+完成句子|从基础填空到综合应用|

八年级英语(译林版)下册期末重难点复习 (词汇+语法+句型+专项训练) Unit 5 Good manners 本单元核心考点自查清单 序号 考点内容 掌握程度(√) 1 礼貌类词汇:manner, polite, impolite, respect, behave, proper, public 2 短语:cut in (on sb.), queue for, in public, shake hands with, laugh at, keep one's voice down 3 句型:It's + adj. + to do sth. 4 句型:It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 5 语法:情态动词 should, ought to, must, need 的用法及否定区别 6 语法:宾语从句(that 引导) 7 辨析:must /have to, should /ought to, needn't /don't have to 考点 1 核心词汇 词汇 词性 含义 例句 manner n. 礼貌;礼仪 It's good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是有礼貌的表现。 polite adj. 礼貌的 You should be polite to the elderly. 你应该对老人有礼貌。 impolite adj. 不礼貌的 It's impolite to talk with your mouth full. 嘴里含着东西说话是不礼貌的。 respect v./n. 尊重 We should respect other people's opinions. 我们应该尊重他人的意见。 greet v. 问候;打招呼 He greeted me with a smile. 他微笑着向我打招呼。 behave v. 表现 Please behave well at the party. 请在派对上表现好一点。 proper adj. 恰当的;得体的 I can't find proper words to express my thanks. 我找不到恰当的话语来表达我的感谢。 public adj./n. 公共的;公众 Don't spit in public places. 不要在公共场所吐痰。 rule n. 规则 Everyone must obey the school rules. 每个人都必须遵守校规。 考点 2 重点短语 重点短语 含义 例句 cut in (on sb.) 打断(某人)谈话 Don't cut in on others when they are speaking. 别人说话时不要打断。 queue for sth. 排队等候 We should queue for the bus politely. 我们应该礼貌地排队等公交。 in public 在公共场合 It's impolite to speak loudly in public. 在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手 You should shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. 第一次见面时应该握手。 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 Never laugh at those who make mistakes. 永远不要嘲笑犯错的人。 keep one's voice down 压低声音 Please keep your voice down in the library. 在图书馆请压低声音。 考点 3 重点句型 句型结构 含义 例句 It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的 It's impolite to talk loudly in public. 在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… 的 It's important for us to learn good manners. 对我们来说学习良好礼仪很重要。 You are supposed to do sth. 你应该做某事 You are supposed to greet your teacher. 你应该向老师问好。 Don't forget to do sth. 不要忘记做某事 Don't forget to say "thank you". 不要忘记说 “谢谢”。 Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗? Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介意压低声音吗? 考点 4 语法(一):情态动词 should, ought to, must, need 的用法 【核心讲解】 情态动词表示说话人的语气和态度,后面必须跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。 1. should 的用法 表示 “应该”,用于提出建议、表达义务。 例句:You should say "sorry" when you hurt someone.(你伤害别人时应该说 “对不起”。) 2. ought to 的用法 表示 “应该”,语气比 should 强,表示道义上的责任。 否定形式:ought not to(缩写:oughtn't to) 例句:We ought to help those in need.(我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。) 3. must 的用法 表示 “必须”,语气强烈,表达主观义务。 mustn't 表示 “禁止”,是考试高频考点。 例句:You must return the book on time.(你必须按时还书。) 4. need 的用法 情态动词:多用于否定句和疑问句,表示 “必要”,后跟动词原形。 实义动词:表示 “需要”,后跟名词或 to do sth.。 例句:You needn't worry.(你不必担心。)/ She needs to finish her homework.(她需要完成作业。) 核心考点对比 情态动词 含义 否定形式 否定含义 考试重点 should 应该 shouldn't 不应该 建议句型 ought to 应该 oughtn't to 不应该 与 should 互换 must 必须 mustn't 禁止(≠不必) mustn't 表禁止 need (情态) 必要 needn't 不必 与 don't have to 互换 易错提醒(一):mustn't 与 needn't 的区别 错误示例 正确示例 You mustn't finish the work today. You can do it tomorrow. You needn't finish the work today. You can do it tomorrow. You needn't smoke here. Look at the sign "No Smoking". You mustn't smoke here. Look at the sign "No Smoking". 解析:mustn't 表示 “禁止”,needn't 表示 “不必”,两者不可互换。 易错提醒(二):need 做实义动词的用法 错误示例 正确示例 She need finish her homework. She needs to finish her homework. He needn't to worry about the exam. He needn't worry about the exam. Does she need worry? Does she need to worry? 解析:need 做实义动词时,第三人称单数用 needs to do;否定和疑问借助 does/do,后跟 need to do。 考点 5 重点语法(二):宾语从句(that 引导) 【核心讲解】 宾语从句在 Unit 5 Grammar 中是必考语法点,要求掌握 that 引导的宾语从句。 1. 结构 主句 + that + 从句(陈述句语序) that 无词义,在口语和非正式文体中可省略。 2. 用法 跟在及物动词(think, believe, hope, know, say, mean 等)后面作宾语。 3. 常用主句动词举例 动词 例句 think I think (that) good manners are very important. 我认为良好的礼仪非常重要。 believe She believes (that) everyone should follow the rules. 她相信每个人都应该遵守规则。 hope I hope (that) you can come to my party. 我希望你能来我的派对。 know Do you know (that) he is a polite boy? 你知道他是一个有礼貌的男孩吗? say He said (that) he would be late. 他说他会迟到。 4. 从句语序 从句必须用陈述句语序(主语 + 谓语),不能倒装。 错误示例 正确示例 I know that is he a good student. I know (that) he is a good student. Do you know what is his name? Do you know what his name is? He said that does he like reading. He said (that) he likes reading. 易错提醒(一):主句主语为第三人称单数 错误示例 正确示例 He think that good manners are important. He thinks that good manners are important. My mother hope that I can behave well. My mother hopes that I can behave well. 解析:主句主语是第三人称单数时,主句动词要加 s。 易错提醒(二):否定转移 错误示例 正确示例 I think he isn't right. I don't think he is right.(我认为他不对。) She believes she can't finish the work. She doesn't believe she can finish the work.(她相信她完成不了工作。) 解析:当主句动词是 think, believe 等表示观点的动词时,否定要转移到主句。 易错提醒(三):宾语从句的时态呼应 错误示例 正确示例 He said that he will come to the party. He said that he would come to the party. She told me that she is reading a book yesterday. She told me that she was reading a book yesterday. 解析:主句是过去时(said, told 等),从句也要用相应的过去时态。 考点 6 同义词 / 近义词辨析 词/词组 含义 区别 例句 must / have to 必须 must 表主观义务;have to 表客观需要 I must finish my homework before watching TV. My mother says I have to finish my homework first. should / ought to 应该 should 语气弱(建议);ought to 语气强(道义) You should see a doctor. We ought to tell the truth. needn't / don't have to 不必 含义相同,用法不同 You needn't come so early. = You don't have to come so early. 专项训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 1. We should always be (礼貌的) to others. 2. Don't (打断) in on others when they are talking. 3. It's bad (礼貌) to speak loudly in public. 4. You should (尊重) your teachers and parents. 5. Everyone must obey the school (规则). 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 6. It's i to talk with your mouth full. 7. Please q for your turn instead of pushing others. 8. You should s hands when you meet someone for the first time. 9. Don't l at people who make mistakes. 10. Please keep your v down in the library. 三、根据音标提示填空 11. /p la t/ — It is to say "thank you". 12. /r spekt/ — We should show to the elderly. 13. /b he v/ — You must well at the dinner table. 14. / p bl k/ — Don't smoke in places. 15. / k st m/ — It is a local to eat dumplings. 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 16. It is (polite) to leave without saying goodbye. 17. He always (behave) well in front of guests. 18. You should avoid (laugh) at others. 19. (queue) politely is a good manner. 20. Would you mind (keep) your voice down? 五、用 should, ought to, must, mustn't, needn't 填空 21. You say "excuse me" when you interrupt others. 22. You talk loudly in the hospital. 23. You finish all the work today. You can do it tomorrow. 24. You stop when the traffic light is red. 25. You to help your mother with housework. 六、宾语从句专项训练 题型 A:用 that 填空(可省略的填 (that)) 26. I think good manners are very important in our daily life. 27. She believes everyone should follow the school rules. 28. He said he would come to the party on time. 29. Do you know he is a polite boy? 30. My mother hopes I can behave well in public. 题型 B:合并为含有宾语从句的复合句 31. Good manners are very important. I think so. I think good manners very important. 32. He is a polite student. All the teachers believe. All the teachers believe he a polite student. 33. You should queue for your turn. Don't you know? Don't you know you queue for your turn? 题型 C:句型转换 34. He is a good student. I think. I he is a good student. 35. You should say "sorry" when you hurt others. My mother told me. My mother told me I say "sorry" when I hurt others. 题型 D:根据中文完成句子 36. 我认为礼貌待人很重要。 I important to be polite to others. 37. 老师告诉我们每个人都应该遵守规则。 The teacher told us everyone obey the rules. 38. 我知道在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。 I know impolite to speak loudly in public. 七、句型转换 39. You must not play football on the street. (改为同义句) You football on the street. 40. You needn't come so early. (改为同义句) You come so early. 41. Good manners are very important. (改为 It's + adj. + to do sth. 句型) very important have good manners. 八、根据中文完成句子 42. 在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。 It's speak loudly . 43. 你应该在别人说话时不要打断。 You on others when they are speaking. 44. 对我来说学习良好礼仪很重要。 It's important learn good manners. 参考答案 一、根据汉语提示填空 题号 1 2 3 4 5 答案 polite cut manners respect rules 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 题号 6 7 8 9 10 答案 impolite queue shake laugh voice 三、根据音标提示填空 题号 11 12 13 14 15 答案 polite respect behave public custom 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 题号 16 17 18 19 20 答案 impolite behaves laughing Queuing keeping 五、用情态动词填空 题号 21 22 23 24 25 答案 should/ought to mustn't needn't must ought 六、宾语从句专项训练 题型 A 题号 26 27 28 29 30 答案 (that) (that) (that) (that) (that) 题型 B 题号 31 32 33 答案 (that), are (that), is (that), should 题型 C 题号 34 35 答案 think that that, should 题型 D 题号 36 37 38 答案 think that it is that, should that it is 七、句型转换 题号 39 40 41 答案 can't play don't have to It's, to 八、根据中文完成句子 题号 42 43 44 答案 impolite to; in public shouldn't cut in for me to Unit 6 Sunshine for all 本单元核心考点自查清单 序号 考点内容 掌握程度 (√) 1 助人与慈善类词汇:charity, volunteer, donate, support, disabled, blind, deaf, homeless, raise, provide, offer, patient 2 短语:provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth., raise money for, take part in, be patient with, give a helping hand 3 句型:It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 4 句型:It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 5 语法:It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth. 句型(for与of的区分) 6 辨析:provide / offer, raise / rise, take part in / join 考点1 核心词汇 词汇 词性 含义 例句 charity n. 慈善 We should donate money to charity. 我们应该向慈善机构捐款。 volunteer n./v. 志愿者;自愿做 He works as a volunteer at the hospital. 他在医院做志愿者。 donate v. 捐赠 They donated clothes to the poor. 他们向穷人捐赠了衣服。 support v./n. 支持 My family always supports me. 我的家人总是支持我。 disabled adj. 残疾的 We should help the disabled. 我们应该帮助残疾人。 blind adj. 盲的 The blind man needs a guide dog. 这位盲人需要一只导盲犬。 deaf adj. 聋的 She is deaf but she can read lips. 她虽然聋,但能读唇语。 homeless adj. 无家可归的 The earthquake left many people homeless. 地震使许多人无家可归。 raise v. 筹集;升起 They raised money for the sick child. 他们为生病的孩子筹了钱。 provide v. 提供 The school provides lunch for students. 学校为学生提供午餐。 offer v. 主动提供 He offered his seat to the old lady. 他把座位让给了那位老妇人。 patient adj./n. 耐心的;病人 You need to be patient with the elderly. 你对老人需要有耐心。 考点2 重点短语 重点短语 含义 例句 give a helping hand 伸出援手 We should give a helping hand to those in need. 我们应该向需要帮助的人伸出援手。 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 The government provides food for the homeless. 政府为无家可归者提供食物。 provide sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 They provided us with necessary information. 他们向我们提供了必要的信息。 raise money for 为……筹钱 They raised money for the poor children. 他们为贫困儿童筹钱。 take part in 参加 Many volunteers took part in the activity. 许多志愿者参加了这个活动。 in need 需要帮助的 We should care for people in need. 我们应该关心需要帮助的人。 be patient with 对……有耐心 Teachers should be patient with students. 老师应该对学生有耐心。 考点3 重点句型 句型结构 含义 例句 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的 It's meaningful for us to help others. 对我们来说帮助他人是有意义的。 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事真是…… It's kind of you to donate money. 你捐钱真是太好了。 We should do everything we can to do sth. 我们应该尽一切努力做某事 We should do everything we can to help the disabled. 我们应该尽一切努力帮助残疾人。 考点4 重点语法:It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth. 句型 【核心讲解】 区别for和of的用法是核心考点。 1. It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 含义:对某人来说做某事是……的 形容词特点:描述事情本身的性质(important, necessary, difficult, easy, meaningful等) 例句:It is important for us to learn English well. (对我们来说学好英语很重要。) 2. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 含义:某人做某事真是…… 形容词特点:描述人的品质或性格(kind, nice, polite, impolite, clever, foolish, generous等) 例句:It is kind of you to help me. (你帮我真是太好了。) 判断技巧 判断步骤 示例 第一步:把sb.和adj.放到“Sb. is adj.”中 You are kind. 第二步:如果逻辑通顺,用of It is kind of you to help me. 第一步:把sth.和adj.放到“Sth. is adj.”中 English is important. 第二步:如果逻辑通顺,但主语是事情,用for It is important for us to learn English. ️ 易错提醒:for 与 of 的区分 错误示例 正确示例 It's kind for you to help me. It's kind of you to help me. It's important of us to learn English. It's important for us to learn English. It's polite of you to wait in line. It's polite of you to wait in line. It's easy of me to finish the work. It's easy for me to finish the work. 解析:描述人的品质(kind, nice, polite, clever等)用of;描述事情性质(important, easy, difficult, necessary等)用for。 考点5 同义词/近义词辨析 词/词组 含义 区别 例句 provide / offer 提供 provide强调“提供必需品”,常用provide sth. for sb.或provide sb. with sth.;offer强调“主动提供”,常用offer sth. to sb.或offer to do sth. The school provides lunch for students. / He offered his seat to the old lady. raise / rise 筹集/上升 raise是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语;rise是不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。 They raised money for charity. / The sun rises in the east. take part in / join 参加 take part in指参加活动或事件;join指加入组织或团体。 Many volunteers took part in the activity. / He joined the army last year. 专项训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 1. We should _ (捐赠) money to help the poor. 2. He works as a _ (志愿者) at the local hospital. 3. My parents always _ (支持) me when I have difficulties. 4. We should help the _ (残疾的) people. 5. They _ (筹集) money for the homeless children. 6. The _ (慈善) provides food and clothes for the poor. 7. The _ (手术) was successful and the patient is recovering. 8. Every child has the right to receive _ (教育). 9. The nurse is very _ (耐心的) with the old man. 10. We should take care of the _ (无家可归的) people. 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 11. The b_ man cannot see anything. 12. The d_ girl can communicate by sign language. 13. The earthquake left many people h_. 14. The school p_ free lunch for students from poor families. 15. You need to be p_ with children. 16. Many v_ took part in the clean-up activity. 17. The organization was s_ up to help the disabled. 18. We should c_ for the elderly and the sick. 19. He o_ his seat to an old lady on the bus. 20. They r_ a lot of money for the poor children. 三、根据音标提示填空 21. / v l n t (r)/ — She works as a _ at the animal shelter. 22. / t r ti/ — We should give money to _. 23. /pr va d/ — The organization _ clean water for the village. 24. / pe nt/ — A good teacher should be _ with students. 25. /d ne t/ — Many people _ blood to help the sick. 26. /d s e bld/ — We should help the _ people. 27. / h ml s/ — The war left many people _. 28. /s p t/ — My family always _ me. 29. /re z/ — They _ money for charity last week. 30. / f (r)/ — He _ to help me with my English. 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 31. It is important for us _ (help) those in need. 32. It is kind of you _ (donate) so much money. 33. We should do everything we can _ (support) them. 34. Many students volunteered _ (work) at the old people's home. 35. _ (raise) money for charity is a meaningful thing. 36. The blind man needs someone _ (guide) him. 37. She is always the first _ (offer) help to others. 38. We should avoid _ (laugh) at the disabled. 39. _ (volunteer) for the charity show is a good experience. 40. He spent a lot of time _ (care) for the sick dog. 五、用 for 或 of 填空 41. It's important _ us to learn good manners. 42. It's very kind _ you to help me. 43. It's meaningful _ us to take part in charity activities. 44. It's impolite _ him to talk loudly in public. 45. It's necessary _ students to follow school rules. 46. It's clever _ her to work out the problem. 47. It's difficult _ me to finish the work in two hours. 48. It's generous _ you to donate so much money. 49. It's easy _ him to learn English. 50. It's foolish _ him to make such a mistake. 六、句型转换 51. It is kind of you to say so. (改为同义句) You _ very kind _ say so. 52. To help the disabled is meaningful. (改为It is句型) _ is meaningful _ help the disabled. 53. It is important for us to protect the environment. (改为同义句) _ the environment is important for us. 54. It is very nice of you to help me. (改为同义句) You are very nice _ _ me. 55. To donate money to charity is generous. (改为It is句型) _ is generous _ donate money to charity. 七、根据中文完成句子 56. 对我们来说帮助无家可归的人是有意义的。 It's _ _ us _ help the homeless. 57. 你主动提供帮助真是太好了。 It's very _ _ you _ offer help. 58. 我们应该尽一切努力帮助残疾人。 We should do everything we can _ _ the disabled. 59. 学校为学生提供免费午餐。 The school _ free lunch _ students. 60. 他们为贫困儿童筹集了很多钱。 They _ a lot of money _ the poor children. 61. 老师对学生要有耐心。 Teachers should _ _ _ students. 62. 许多志愿者参加了这次慈善活动。 Many volunteers _ _ _ the charity event. 63. 对她来说照顾病人是很有意义的。 It's very meaningful _ her _ care for the sick. 64. 你捐钱真是太大方了。 It's very _ _ you _ donate money. 65. 我们不应该嘲笑残疾人。 We shouldn't _ _ the disabled. 参考答案 一、根据汉语提示填空 题号 1 2 3 4 5 答案 donate volunteer support disabled raised 题号 6 7 8 9 10 答案 charity operation education patient homeless 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 blind deaf homeless provides patient volunteers set care offered raised 三、根据音标提示填空 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 volunteer charity provides patient donate disabled homeless supports raised offered 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 to help to donate to support to work Raising 题号 36 37 38 39 40 答案 to guide to offer laughing Volunteering caring 五、用 for 或 of 填空 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 for of for of for of for of for of 六、句型转换 题号 51 52 53 54 55 答案 are, to It, to Protecting to help It, to 七、根据中文完成句子 题号 56 57 58 59 60 答案 meaningful for; to kind of; to to help provides; for raised; for 题号 61 62 63 64 65 答案 be patient with took part in for; to generous of; to laugh at Unit 7 International charities 本单元核心考点自查清单 序号 考点内容 掌握程度 (√) 1 国际慈善组织类词汇:international, charity, organization, war, save, treat, cure, prevent, disease, operation, medical, education 2 短语:be set up, be known as, prevent...from, carry on, care for, so that, be proud of 3 句型:so that 引导目的状语从句 4 句型:in order to do sth. 5 语法:一般现在时被动语态(am/is/are + done) 6 语法:一般过去时被动语态(was/were + done) 7 语法:主动形式表被动意义(need doing = need to be done)——易错点 8 辨析:treat / cure, save / rescue, set up / build, so that / in order that 考点1 核心词汇 词汇 词性 含义 例句 international adj. 国际的 UNICEF is an international charity. 联合国儿童基金会是一个国际慈善组织。 charity n. 慈善机构 Oxfam is a famous charity. 乐施会是一个著名的慈善机构。 organization n. 组织 WWF is an environmental organization. 世界自然基金会是一个环保组织。 war n. 战争 Many children lost their homes in the war. 许多孩子在战争中失去家园。 save v. 拯救;节约 Doctors save many lives every day. 医生每天拯救许多生命。 treat v. 治疗;对待 The hospital treats thousands of patients. 这家医院治疗成千上万的患者。 cure v./n. 治愈;疗法 There is no cure for this disease yet. 这种疾病目前还没有治愈方法。 prevent v. 预防 We should prevent the spread of diseases. 我们应该预防疾病的传播。 disease n. 疾病 Blindness is a serious disease. 失明是一种严重的疾病。 operation n. 手术 The patient had a successful operation. 病人成功接受了手术。 medical adj. 医疗的;医学的 They provide free medical care. 他们提供免费的医疗服务。 education n. 教育 Every child has the right to education. 每个孩子都有受教育的权利。 考点2 重点短语 重点短语 含义 例句 be set up 被建立 The charity was set up in 2000. 这个慈善机构成立于2000年。 be known as 作为……而闻名 He is known as a great doctor. 他作为一名伟大的医生而闻名。 prevent...from... 防止……发生 We should prevent the disease from spreading. 我们应该防止疾病传播。 carry on 继续开展 They carried on with their work. 他们继续他们的工作。 care for 照顾;关心 Nurses care for the sick. 护士照顾病人。 so that 以便;为了 They work hard so that more people can get help. 他们努力工作,以便更多人能得到帮助。 be proud of 为……感到自豪 I am proud of being a volunteer. 我为成为一名志愿者感到自豪。 考点3 重点句型 句型结构 含义 例句 so that + 目的状语从句 以便;为了 They set up the charity so that more children can go to school. 他们建立这个慈善机构,以便更多的孩子能上学。 in order to do sth. 为了做某事 In order to help the poor, he donated all his money. 为了帮助穷人,他捐了所有钱。 It's time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了 It's time for us to take action. 到了我们采取行动的时候了。 考点4 重点语法(一):被动语态(一般现在时和一般过去时) 【核心讲解】 被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 1. 被动语态的结构 be动词 + 过去分词 一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词 2. 一般现在时被动语态 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 例句:A lot of money is donated to charity every year. (每年大量钱被捐给慈善机构。) 3. 一般过去时被动语态 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 例句:The hospital was built in 2010. (这家医院建于2010年。) 4. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 步骤 主动语态 被动语态 第一步:找出宾语,变为主语 People set up the charity in 2000. The charity ... 第二步:谓语变成be + 过去分词 People set up the charity in 2000. ... was set up ... 第三步:主语变成by短语(可省略) People set up the charity in 2000. ... by people (可省略) 完整句子 People set up the charity in 2000. The charity was set up in 2000. 5. 常见动词的过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 set set set build built built treat treated treated cure cured cured prevent prevented prevented save saved saved ️ 易错提醒(一):被动语态中by短语的省略 错误示例 正确示例 The hospital was built by them in 2010. (them没有必要) The hospital was built in 2010. The charity was set up by people in 2000. (people没有必要) The charity was set up in 2000. 解析:当动作执行者不重要或不明确时,可以省略by短语。 ️ 易错提醒(二):感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 错误示例 正确示例 He was seen run on the playground. He was seen to run on the playground. She was made cry by the sad story. She was made to cry by the sad story. 解析:主动语态中省略to的动词(see, make, hear等),在被动语态中要还原to。 考点5 重点语法(二):主动形式表被动意义 【核心讲解】 在英语中,有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这是期中考试高频易错点。 1. need doing = need to be done 例句:The flowers need watering. = The flowers need to be watered. 含义:这些花需要浇水。 2. want doing = want to be done 例句:The car wants repairing. = The car wants to be repaired. 含义:这辆车需要修理。 3. require doing = require to be done 例句:The problem requires discussing. = The problem requires to be discussed. 含义:这个问题需要讨论。 ️ 易错提醒:need doing 结构 错误示例 正确示例 The flowers need to water. The flowers need watering. / The flowers need to be watered. The room needs clean. The room needs cleaning. / The room needs to be cleaned. These clothes need to wash. These clothes need washing. / These clothes need to be washed. 解析:当主语是“物”时,表示“需要被……”有两种表达方式: need doing(主动形式表被动意义) need to be done(被动不定式) 考点6 同义词/近义词辨析 词/词组 含义 区别 例句 treat / cure 治疗/治愈 treat强调“治疗的过程”;cure强调“治愈的结果”。 The doctor is treating the patient. / The medicine cured his illness. save / rescue 拯救 save是最常用词;rescue强调“从危险中迅速救出”。 The doctor saved his life. / The firemen rescued the boy from the fire. set up / build 建立 set up多指“建立机构、组织”;build多指“建造建筑物”。 They set up a charity. / They built a new hospital. so that / in order that 以便 两者意思相同,so that更常用且口语化。 He works hard so that he can support his family. 专项训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 1. UNICEF is an _ (国际的) charity. 2. The _ (组织) provides help for poor children. 3. Doctors _ (治疗) many patients every day. 4. The patient had a successful _ (手术). 5. We should _ (预防) the spread of diseases. 6. He is _ (自豪的) of being a volunteer. 7. The _ (医疗的) team saved many lives. 8. Everyone has the right to receive _ (教育). 9. The _ (疾病) is spreading quickly. 10. The doctor tried his best to _ (拯救) the patient. 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 11. UNICEF helps children who s_ from hunger and disease. 12. The charity was s_ up in 1990. 13. We should c_ for the elderly. 14. Every child has the r_ to go to school. 15. I am p_ of being a volunteer. 16. The World Health O_ is an international charity. 17. Many people lost their homes in the w_. 18. The doctor will perform an o_ on the patient. 19. We should p_ the disease from spreading. 20. The nurse is very p_ with the sick child. 三、根据音标提示填空 21. / nt n n l/ — The Red Cross is an _ organization. 22. / tri tm nt/ — The patient is receiving medical _. 23. /pr vent/ — We should _ the disease from spreading. 24. / p re n/ — The doctor performed an _ on the patient. 25. / ed u ke n/ — _ is the key to success. 26. / t r ti/ — We should donate money to _. 27. /d zi z/ — Blindness is a serious _. 28. /se v/ — Doctors _ many lives every day. 29. /kju (r)/ — There is no _ for this disease yet. 30. / med kl/ — They provide free _ care for the poor. 四、用所给词的适当形式填空(被动语态) 31. The hospital _ (build) in 1995. 32. Many poor children _ (help) by this charity every year. 33. The operation _ (perform) by Dr. Li yesterday. 34. A lot of money _ (donate) to the poor area last month. 35. The sick _ (take) good care of by the nurses. 36. This organization _ (set up) in 2000. 37. A new school _ (build) in our town last year. 38. Many trees _ (plant) on the hill every spring. 39. The patient _ (treat) by a famous doctor yesterday. 40. The environment _ (protect) by more and more people now. 五、用所给词的适当形式填空(need doing结构) 41. These flowers need _ (water) every day. 42. The problem requires _ (discuss) immediately. 43. The room needs _ (clean) before the guests arrive. 44. These clothes need _ (wash). They are too dirty. 45. The car wants _ (repair). It doesn't work. 六、句型转换(改为被动语态) 46. People set up the charity in 2010. The charity _ _ _ in 2010. 47. Doctors treat thousands of patients in this hospital every year. Thousands of patients _ _ in this hospital every year. 48. The government built this school in 2005. This school _ _ in 2005. 49. They will hold a charity show next week. A charity show _ _ held next week. 50. We should protect the environment. The environment _ _ _. 51. They have planted many trees in the city. Many trees _ _ _ in the city. 52. We can recycle plastic bottles. Plastic bottles _ _ _. 53. We shouldn't throw rubbish everywhere. Rubbish _ _ _ everywhere. 54. The doctor saved the patient's life. The patient's life _ _ by the doctor. 55. People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall _ _ by people all over the world. 七、根据中文完成句子 56. 这些钱被用来帮助贫困儿童。 The money _ _ to help poor children. 57. 这家医院成立于2000年。 The hospital _ _ _ in 2000. 58. 这些花需要浇水。 These flowers _ _. 59. 我们应该防止疾病传播。 We should _ the disease from _. 60. 他为成为一名志愿者而感到自豪。 He _ _ _ being a volunteer. 61. 医生正在治疗病人。 The patient _ _ _ by the doctor now. 62. 他们努力工作,以便更多的人能得到帮助。 They work hard _ _ more people can get help. 63. 为了帮助穷人,他捐了所有的钱。 _ _ _ help the poor, he donated all his money. 64. 这所医院由当地政府建立。 The hospital _ _ by the local government. 65. 病人被送到了一家更好的医院。 The patient _ _ to a better hospital. 参考答案 一、根据汉语提示填空 题号 1 2 3 4 5 答案 international organization treat operation prevent 题号 6 7 8 9 10 答案 proud medical education disease save 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 suffer set care right proud Organization war operation prevent patient 三、根据音标提示填空 题号 21 22 23 24 25 答案 international treatment prevent operation Education 题号 26 27 28 29 30 答案 charity disease save cure medical 四、用所给词的适当形式填空(被动语态) 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 was built are helped was performed was donated are taken 题号 36 37 38 39 40 答案 was set up was built are planted was treated is protected 五、用所给词的适当形式填空(need doing结构) 题号 41 42 43 44 45 答案 watering discussing cleaning washing repairing 六、句型转换(改为被动语态) 题号 46 47 48 49 50 答案 was set up are treated was built will be should be protected 题号 51 52 53 54 55 答案 have been planted can be recycled shouldn't be thrown was saved is known 七、根据中文完成句子 题号 56 57 58 59 60 答案 is used was set up need watering prevent; spreading is proud of 题号 61 62 63 64 65 答案 is being treated so that In order to was built was sent Unit 8 A green world 本单元核心考点自查清单 序号 考点内容 掌握程度 (√) 1 环保类词汇:environment, protect, recycle, reduce, reuse, waste, pollution, plastic, energy, resource, sort, throw 2 短语:protect the environment, be good for, be harmful to, throw away, take action, save energy, cut down, instead of 3 句型:It is + adj. + that + 从句 4 语法:现在完成时被动语态(have/has + been + done) 5 语法:情态动词被动语态(情态动词 + be + done) 6 辨析:reduce / decrease, recycle / reuse, protect / prevent, waste / rubbish / trash 考点1 核心词汇 词汇 词性 含义 例句 environment n. 环境 We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。 protect v. 保护 It's our duty to protect the earth. 保护地球是我们的责任。 recycle v. 回收利用 We should recycle waste paper. 我们应该回收废纸。 reduce v. 减少 We need to reduce pollution. 我们需要减少污染。 reuse v. 重复使用 We can reuse plastic bags. 我们可以重复使用塑料袋。 waste n./v. 浪费;垃圾 Don't waste water. 不要浪费水。 pollution n. 污染 Air pollution is a serious problem. 空气污染是一个严重的问题。 plastic n./adj. 塑料;塑料的 We should use fewer plastic bags. 我们应该少用塑料袋。 energy n. 能源 We can save energy by turning off lights. 我们可以通过关灯来节约能源。 resource n. 资源 Water is a valuable resource. 水是宝贵的资源。 sort v. 分类 We should sort the waste before throwing it away. 扔垃圾前应该分类。 throw v. 扔;抛 Don't throw rubbish on the ground. 不要把垃圾扔在地上。 考点2 重点短语 重点短语 含义 例句 protect the environment 保护环境 It's everyone's duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是每个人的责任。 be good for 对……有好处 Planting trees is good for the environment. 种树对环境有好处。 be harmful to 对……有害 Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。 throw away 扔掉 Don't throw away the recyclable waste. 不要把可回收垃圾扔掉。 take action 采取行动 We should take action to reduce pollution. 我们应该采取行动减少污染。 save energy 节约能源 Turning off the lights saves energy. 关灯节约能源。 cut down 砍伐;减少 We should not cut down too many trees. 我们不应该砍伐太多树木。 instead of 而不是 We should walk instead of driving. 我们应该步行而不是开车。 考点3 重点句型 句型结构 含义 例句 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的 It is necessary for us to protect the environment. 对我们来说保护环境是必要的。 It is + adj. + that + 从句 ……是……的 It is important that we protect the earth. 我们保护地球很重要。 We should/shouldn't do sth. 我们应该/不应该做某事 We shouldn't throw rubbish everywhere. 我们不应该到处扔垃圾。 考点4 重点语法:被动语态(现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态) 【核心讲解】 1. 现在完成时的被动语态 结构:have/has + been + 过去分词 含义:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或动作从过去持续到现在,主语是动作的承受者。 类型 例句 有by短语 The environment has been changed by human activities. 环境已经被人类活动改变了。 无by短语 Much work has been done to protect the earth. 已经做了很多工作来保护地球。 2. 情态动词的被动语态 结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词 常用情态动词:can, may, must, should, need等 含义:表示“可以/应该/必须被……” 例句:Rubbish should be sorted before throwing it away. (垃圾在扔掉前应该被分类。) 3. 四种被动语态对比 时态/结构 构成 例句 一般现在时被动 am/is/are + done Waste paper is recycled. 废纸被回收。 一般过去时被动 was/were + done The tree was planted last year. 这棵树是去年种的。 现在完成时被动 have/has + been + done The work has been finished. 工作已经被完成了。 情态动词被动 情态动词 + be + done Rubbish should be sorted. 垃圾应该被分类。 ️ 易错提醒(一):现在完成时被动语态中have/has的选择 错误示例 正确示例 The work have been finished. (主语work是单数) The work has been finished. Many trees has been planted. (主语trees是复数) Many trees have been planted. 解析:现在完成时被动语态中,have/has的选择取决于主语的人称和数。 ️ 易错提醒(二):情态动词被动语态中be动词不能省略 错误示例 正确示例 Rubbish should sorted. Rubbish should be sorted. More trees must planted. More trees must be planted. 解析:情态动词被动语态的结构是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”,be不能省略。 考点5 同义词/近义词辨析 词/词组 含义 区别 例句 reduce / decrease 减少 reduce是常用词;decrease更正式,强调逐渐减少的过程。 We should reduce pollution. / The number of wild animals is decreasing. recycle / reuse 回收/重复使用 recycle指“回收利用”,加工成新材料;reuse指“重复使用”,不改变形态。 We recycle waste paper into new paper. / We can reuse plastic bottles as water containers. protect / prevent 保护/防止 protect指“保护……免受伤害”;prevent指“防止……发生”。 We should protect the environment from pollution. / We should prevent the disease from spreading. waste / rubbish / trash 垃圾 waste指“废物、垃圾”,也可作动词表示“浪费”;rubbish是英式英语;trash是美式英语。 Don't throw waste everywhere. / Please put the rubbish in the bin. 专项训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 1. We should _ (保护) the environment. 2. We can _ (回收利用) waste paper and plastic bottles. 3. Don't _ (浪费) water when you brush your teeth. 4. Air _ (污染) is a serious problem in big cities. 5. We shou