专题03阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编）高二英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题的高二下期末议论文阅读汇编，精选安徽、广东等多地区真题，素材涵盖数字学习、传统文化保护、绿色交通等时代议题，兼具语言训练与价值引导。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（议论文）|12篇48题|细节理解（如“绿色交通方式”判断）、主旨大意（如“纸剪纸价值”概括）、推理判断（如“作者对自律态度”分析）、观点态度（如“极地探索评价”）|以真实情境为载体，如“数字时代注意力管理”“海洋塑料污染”；问题设计梯度分明，从基础信息提取（What is community service?）到高阶思维（最佳标题拟定），适配高二学生语言能力与思维发展需求。|

专题03阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我：生活与学习 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・安徽合肥・期末） 主题：人与自我・学习效率、注意力管理、数字时代学习 In the digital age, high school students face a serious problem: easy distraction. With smartphones, social media and endless online information, many students find it hard to focus on their studies. They often check messages while doing homework, watch short videos during breaks, or chat with friends when they should be reading. This constant switching between tasks greatly reduces learning efficiency. Researchers have found that focus is the key to effective learning. When we focus deeply, our brains can process information better, remember knowledge longer and understand complex ideas more easily. However, every time we are distracted, it takes our brains about 20 minutes to return to a deep working state. That means frequent distractions waste a lot of valuable study time. To improve focus, students can take simple but effective steps. First, put away your phone during study hours. Keep it in another room or turn off notifications. Second, create a quiet study environment. A clean desk and a peaceful room help reduce unnecessary distractions. Third, use the Pomodoro Technique: study for 25 minutes, then take a 5‑minute break. This method trains your brain to stay focused for longer periods. In short, learning without focus is like driving without a steering wheel. It leads to low efficiency and poor results. Mastering focus is not only a skill for school but also a lifelong ability. Students who can focus well will surely achieve more in their studies and future life. 1.What is the main problem discussed in Paragraph 1? A. Too much homework. B. Lack of learning motivation. C. Widespread distraction in study. D. Poor time management. 2.What do researchers think of focus? A. It is difficult to develop. B. It improves learning quality. C. It depends on intelligence. D. It is not necessary for modern learning. 3.What is suggested to create a good study environment? A. Study with friends. B. Keep the desk messy. C. Place the phone nearby. D. Make the room quiet. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Importance of Focus in Learning B. How to Use Digital Tools Wisely C. The Disadvantages of Distraction D. Ways to Improve Learning Motivation 答案1.C 2. B 3. D 4. A 详细解析 C 正确。第一段首句 “high school students face a serious problem: easy distraction” 点明核心是 “学习时分心普遍”。A、B、D 未提及。 B 正确。第二段 “focus is the key to effective learning... process information better, remember knowledge longer” 说明专注提升学习质量。A、C 无依据；D 与原文相反。 D 正确。第三段 “create a quiet study environment” 明确建议安静环境。A、B、C 均与原文建议相反。 A 正确。全文围绕 “专注对学习的重要性” 展开。B 偏离主题；C 仅为细节；D 未讲 “动机”。 Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・广东深圳・期末） 主题：人与自我・自律成长、自由认知、生活管理 Many students misunderstand the meaning of freedom. They believe freedom means doing whatever they want—staying up late, playing games all day, or refusing to study. However, true freedom is not the absence of rules but the ability to control oneself. In fact, discipline is the foundation of real freedom. Discipline helps us form good habits. When we get up early, study regularly and exercise daily, we become more organized and responsible. These habits make our life orderly and meaningful. Without discipline, we may feel relaxed at first, but soon we will be lost in laziness and regret. For example, students who lack discipline often fail exams and waste their youth. Self‑discipline also gives us more choices in life. When we work hard and master skills, we have the freedom to choose our future jobs, our living places and our lifestyle. On the contrary, without discipline, we will be limited by our own laziness and ignorance. We have to accept whatever life gives us, with no right to choose. Remember, freedom is not free. It requires self‑control, hard work and persistence. Every small act of discipline brings us closer to our goals and gives us more freedom. So, learn to be disciplined. Only through discipline can we enjoy true freedom and live a life of our own will. 1.What do many students think freedom is? A. Controlling themselves. B. Following strict rules. C. Doing anything they like. D. Studying hard every day. 2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The importance of good habits. B. The harm of laziness. C. How to become responsible. D. The benefits of discipline. 3.Why does discipline bring more choices? A. It helps us master abilities. B. It makes us more popular. C. It allows us to avoid mistakes. D. It helps us make more friends. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards discipline? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Critical. 答案1.C 2. D 3. A 4. B 详细解析 C 正确。第一段 “They believe freedom means doing whatever they want” 对应 “做喜欢的事”。A、B、D 与原文相反。 D 正确。第二段首句 “Discipline helps us form good habits” 及后文讲自律带来的好处。A、B、C 为细节或偏离。 A 正确。第三段 “When we work hard and master skills, we have the freedom to choose” 说明自律培养能力，带来选择。B、C、D 无依据。 B 正确。全文作者强调自律是自由的基础，态度支持。A、C、D 不符。 主题02 人与社会：文化、社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・河北保定・期末） 主题：人与社会・传统文化保护、非遗传承、文化认同 Chinese paper-cutting, or jianzhi, is a traditional folk art with a history of more than 1,500 years. It originated in northern China and was initially practiced by farmers cutting red paper into patterns for festivals and celebrations. Today, it is listed as a national intangible cultural heritage, symbolizing the creativity and wisdom of Chinese people. Traditional paper-cutting features rich cultural meanings. Common patterns include the character fu for good fortune, plum blossoms for resilience, and fish for abundance. The art requires great skill and patience—some delicate works look as fine as embroidery. In the past, paper-cutting was mainly passed down from mothers to daughters in rural areas. However, with rapid urbanization and modernization, fewer young people are willing to learn this craft, putting it at risk of disappearing. To protect and promote paper-cutting, many efforts have been made. Some schools have introduced paper-cutting courses into art classes. Experienced artists are also combining traditional patterns with modern elements such as cartoons and cityscapes to attract young audiences. Exhibitions and cultural events are regularly held to show the beauty of this ancient art. Cultural heritage is the root of a nation’s identity. Paper-cutting is not just a craft but a carrier of Chinese culture and values. Protecting it means preserving our cultural memory and passing it on to future generations. With joint efforts, traditional arts like paper-cutting will continue to thrive in the modern world. 1.What do we know about Chinese paper-cutting? A. It has a history of 500 years. B. It was created by city artists. C. It is a national intangible cultural heritage. D. It only uses black paper. 2.What is a threat to paper-cutting? A. Too many art courses. B. Lack of young learners. C. Modern patterns. D. International exhibitions. 3.How do schools help protect paper-cutting? A. By holding international events. B. By inviting foreign artists. C. By setting up related courses. D. By selling paper-cutting works. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of Chinese paper-cutting. B. The meanings of paper-cut patterns. C. The popularity of traditional arts. D. The value and protection of paper-cutting. 答案1.C 2. B 3. C 4. D 详细解析 C 正确。原文第一段 “it is listed as a national intangible cultural heritage” 直接对应。A（1500 年）、B（农民）、D（红纸）均错。 B 正确。第二段 “fewer young people are willing to learn this craft” 说明年轻学习者不足。A、C、D 都是保护措施或积极因素。 C 正确。第三段 “Some schools have introduced paper-cutting courses” 对应开设相关课程。A、B、D 未提及。 D 正确。全文既讲剪纸文化价值，也讲保护措施。A、B 为细节；C 偏离主题。 Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・四川成都・期末） 主题：人与社会・志愿服务、社区责任、人际互助 Community service refers to voluntary work done by individuals or groups to improve local communities. It includes activities such as helping the elderly, cleaning public areas, tutoring children, and organizing cultural events. In recent years, community service has become an important part of social life, especially for teenagers. Participating in community service brings many benefits. First, it helps students develop social responsibility. By serving others, teenagers learn to care about people around them and understand the needs of the community. Second, it improves interpersonal skills. Working with different people teaches students how to communicate, cooperate, and solve problems together. Third, it provides valuable real‑world experience, helping students grow into responsible and caring adults. Some people argue that community service takes time away from studies. However, this is not true. On the contrary, it helps students become more well‑rounded. Many schools now encourage students to do community service and even include it in graduation requirements. Research shows that students who participate in voluntary work often have better grades and stronger social skills. Community service is not only helpful to the community but also beneficial to participants. It builds a warmer and more connected society. As teenagers, we should actively take part in community service. Every small effort can make a big difference. 1.What is community service? A. Paid work in local communities. B. Voluntary work for public benefits. C. Part‑time jobs for teenagers. D. Cultural events for students. 2.What does community service help students develop? A. Better study habits. B. Social responsibility. C. Artistic skills. D. Physical strength. 3.Why do some people oppose community service? A. It is dangerous for teenagers. B. It costs too much money. C. It may affect schoolwork. D. It is not meaningful. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards community service? A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. 答案1.B 2. B 3. C 4. C 详细解析 B 正确。原文首句 “voluntary work done by individuals or groups to improve local communities” 说明是公益志愿工作。A（有偿）、C（兼职）、D（仅限文化活动）均错。 B 正确。第二段 “develop social responsibility” 直接对应。A、C、D 未提及。 C 正确。第三段 “takes time away from studies” 说明担心影响学业。A、B、D 无依据。 C 正确。全文强调社区服务益处，结尾呼吁参与，态度支持。 主题03 人与自然：环境与探索 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・福建福州・期末） 主题：人与自然・低碳生活、环保责任、绿色交通 With the rapid development of urbanization, cities around the world are facing serious environmental problems, among which air pollution is one of the most urgent. Vehicle emissions, especially from gasoline‑powered cars, are a major contributor to poor air quality, leading to smog, respiratory illnesses and climate change. In response to this crisis, promoting green travel has become a key solution advocated by environmentalists and governments worldwide. Green travel refers to choosing low‑carbon or zero‑carbon means of transportation, such as walking, cycling, taking public transport or driving electric vehicles. Unlike traditional cars that release large amounts of carbon dioxide and harmful gases, green travel methods produce little or no pollution. For example, cycling not only reduces emissions but also serves as a form of exercise, improving physical health. Public transport can carry dozens of people at once, greatly cutting down the number of cars on the road and easing traffic congestion. Some people argue that green travel is inconvenient, especially for those living in suburban areas with limited public transport. However, this problem can be solved by improving infrastructure, such as building more bike lanes and expanding bus and subway networks. Additionally, the inconvenience is temporary compared with the long‑term benefits of a cleaner environment and healthier life. Protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility. Green travel is not just a trend but a necessary choice for sustainable development. By making small changes in our daily travel habits, we can collectively reduce pollution, conserve energy and create a greener future for ourselves and the next generations. 1.What is the main cause of air pollution mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. Industrial waste. B. Vehicle emissions. C. Deforestation. D. Construction dust. 2.Which of the following is NOT a green travel method? A. Walking to work. B. Riding a bicycle. C. Taking the subway. D. Driving a gasoline car. 3.What is the advantage of cycling according to the text? A. It saves travel time. B. It is suitable for long distances. C. It benefits people’s health. D. It costs no money at all. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards green travel? A. Doubtful. B. Opposed. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. 答案1.B 2. D 3. C 4. C 详细解析 B 正确。原文第一段明确指出 “Vehicle emissions, especially from gasoline‑powered cars, are a major contributor to poor air quality”，直接说明汽车尾气是空气污染的主要原因。A（工业废料）、C（森林砍伐）、D（建筑扬尘）在第一段均未提及，属于无中生有。 D 正确。第二段定义绿色出行为 “low‑carbon or zero‑carbon means of transportation”，包括步行、骑行、公共交通和电动车。D 选项 “驾驶汽油车” 属于传统高污染出行方式，不属于绿色出行；A、B、C 均在原文明确列出，属于绿色出行方式。 C 正确。第二段提到 “cycling not only reduces emissions but also serves as a form of exercise, improving physical health”，清晰说明骑行既能减排又能锻炼身体、有益健康。A（节省时间）原文未提及；B（适合长途）与常识及原文不符，骑行更适合短途；D（完全不花钱）表述绝对，原文未提及费用问题。 C 正确。全文作者先提出空气污染问题，再介绍绿色出行的定义和优势，接着反驳 “不方便” 的观点，最后呼吁全民践行绿色出行、保护环境，字里行间均体现对绿色出行的支持态度。A（怀疑）、B（反对）、D（漠不关心）均与原文情感倾向完全相反。 Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・湖南长沙・期末） 主题：人与自然・森林生态、生物多样性、生态平衡 Forests, often called the “lungs of the Earth”, are one of the most precious natural resources on our planet. They cover about 30% of the Earth’s land surface and play an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecological balance. However, deforestation has become a global crisis in recent decades, with millions of trees cut down every year for agriculture, logging and urban expansion, threatening the health of the entire planet. Forests provide countless benefits to both nature and humans. First, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping to regulate the global climate and slow down global warming. Second, forests are home to more than half of the world’s terrestrial species, including animals, plants and microorganisms, maintaining biodiversity and ecological stability. Third, tree roots hold soil in place, preventing soil erosion and reducing the risk of floods and landslides. Finally, forests supply humans with wood, fruits, medicines and other resources, supporting local livelihoods and economic development. Despite their importance, forests are facing severe threats. Illegal logging, unsustainable farming and wildfires are destroying forest areas at an alarming rate. As forests disappear, carbon emissions increase, many species lose their habitats and face extinction, and natural disasters become more frequent. The loss of forests is not just an environmental problem but also a threat to human survival and development. To protect forests, joint efforts are needed from governments, organizations and individuals. Governments should enforce strict laws against deforestation and carry out reforestation projects. Individuals can contribute by using less paper, choosing sustainable wood products and supporting forest conservation initiatives. Only by protecting forests can we protect our planet and ensure a sustainable future for all. 1.Why are forests called the “lungs of the Earth”? A. They produce clean water. B. They absorb CO₂ and release O₂. C. They prevent natural disasters. D. They provide food for animals. 2.What is a consequence of deforestation according to the text? A. Increased biodiversity. B. Reduced carbon emissions. C. Higher risk of floods. D. Stable ecological balance. 3.Which of the following is NOT a threat to forests? A. Illegal logging. B. Reforestation. C. Wildfires. D. Unsustainable farming. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The diverse species living in forests. B. The causes of global deforestation. C. The economic value of forest resources. D. The importance and protection of forests. 答案1.B 2. C 3. B 4. D 详细解析 B 正确。原文第二段明确说明森林被称为 “地球之肺” 的核心原因是 “absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen”，即吸收二氧化碳、释放氧气，这是维持大气平衡的关键功能。A（净化水源）、C（预防灾害）、D（为动物提供食物）均是森林的其他作用，但并非 “地球之肺” 称号的由来。 C 正确。第二段提到森林能 “reducing the risk of floods”，反之，森林砍伐会导致 “higher risk of floods”（洪水风险增加）。A（生物多样性增加）与原文相反，森林砍伐会导致物种减少；B（碳排放减少）错误，森林吸收碳排放，砍伐会使碳排放增加；D（生态平衡稳定）错误，森林破坏会打破生态平衡。 B 正确。第三段列举森林面临的威胁包括 “Illegal logging, unsustainable farming and wildfires”，而 B 选项 “重新造林” 是保护森林的措施，并非威胁。A、C、D 均在原文明确列为威胁森林的因素。 D 正确。全文结构清晰：第一段引入森林的重要地位及砍伐危机；第二段详细阐述森林的多重价值；第三段说明森林破坏的危害；第四段呼吁保护森林。核心围绕 “森林的重要性及保护措施” 展开。A（森林物种）、B（砍伐原因）、C（经济价值）均为文章局部细节，不能概括全文主旨。 主题01 人与自我：生活与学习 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・江苏无锡・期末） 主题：人与自我・成长型思维、潜能开发、失败认知 In recent decades, psychologists have identified two contrasting mindsets that greatly influence learning and personal development: fixed mindset and growth mindset. A fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that intelligence, talent and ability are innate and unchangeable. Individuals with this mindset tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure will expose their limitations. They view effort as a sign of weakness and often give up easily when facing difficulties. In contrast, a growth mindset is rooted in the belief that abilities can be developed and improved through dedication, learning and persistence. People with a growth mindset embrace challenges, seeing them as opportunities to grow. They regard failure not as a judgment of their ability but as valuable feedback that helps them learn and adjust. They understand that effort is the path to mastery and are willing to work hard to achieve their goals. Research has shown that students with a growth mindset perform better academically than those with a fixed mindset. They are more resilient in the face of setbacks, more motivated to learn, and more likely to reach their full potential. For example, when solving difficult math problems, growth‑mindset students keep trying and learn from mistakes, while fixed‑mindset students quickly give up, believing they are not smart enough. Developing a growth mindset is essential for high school students. It helps them overcome self‑doubt, build confidence and develop a lifelong love of learning. By understanding that abilities can be improved, students can free themselves from the fear of failure and unlock their hidden potential. In the journey of life, a growth mindset is not only a key to academic success but also a powerful tool for personal growth. 1.What do people with a fixed mindset believe? A. Ability can be improved. B. Talent is born and unchangeable. C. Challenges help develop skills. D. Failure provides useful feedback. 2.What is a growth‑mindset person’s attitude towards failure? A. It is shameful. B. It is unavoidable. C. It is a learning chance. D. It is a sign of weakness. 3.Why do growth‑mindset students perform better? A. They are smarter. B. They fear no challenges. C. They have more self‑confidence. D. They are more resilient and motivated. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare two different mindsets. B. To explain the origin of mindsets. C. To encourage developing a growth mindset. D. To show the importance of intelligence. 答案1.B 2. C 3. D 4. C 详细解析 B 正确。第一段 “intelligence, talent and ability are innate and unchangeable” 对应 “天赋天生不变”。A、C、D 是成长型思维。 C 正确。第二段 “regard failure not as... but as valuable feedback that helps them learn” 说明失败是学习机会。A、B、D 不符。 D 正确。第三段 “They are more resilient in the face of setbacks, more motivated to learn” 直接说明优势。A 无依据；B、C 不全面。 C 正确。末段 “Developing a growth mindset is essential...” 点明目的是鼓励培养成长型思维。A 是手段；B、D 偏离主旨。 Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・浙江宁波・期末） 主题：人与自我・学习生活平衡、身心健康、全面发展 High school is a crucial period when students are faced with heavy academic pressure and various life challenges. Many students fall into two extremes: either buried in books all day with no time for relaxation, or addicted to entertainment ignoring their studies. However, neither extreme is beneficial to healthy growth. The key to a meaningful high school life lies in balancing study and life. On one hand, study is the main task of high school students. It lays the foundation for future development and helps students gain knowledge, improve abilities and realize their potential. Diligence and hard work are necessary for academic progress. Without enough study time, students cannot master knowledge or achieve good grades. However, excessive study can be harmful. Studying for long hours without rest leads to tiredness, low efficiency and even health problems such as poor eyesight and stress. On the other hand, life beyond study is equally important. Relaxation, hobbies and social activities help students relax their minds, reduce pressure and develop social skills. Sports build up the body; music and art enrich the mind; communicating with friends teaches empathy and cooperation. These experiences make students well‑rounded individuals, not just learning machines. However, too much entertainment will distract students from their studies, leading to poor academic performance and regret. Balancing study and life is not easy but achievable. Students should make a reasonable schedule, arrange time for both study and rest, and stick to it. They should learn to focus on study when studying and enjoy life when relaxing. Remember, high school life is not only about grades but also about growth, health and happiness. A balanced life helps students grow into healthy, happy and capable individuals. 1.What problem is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. Heavy academic pressure. B. Lack of entertainment. C. Unbalanced study and life. D. No time for hobbies. 2.What is the disadvantage of excessive study? A. Wasting time. B. Causing health issues. C. Reducing social skills. D. Missing important knowledge. 3.Why are hobbies and sports important? A. They help students make more friends. B. They improve students’ grades. C. They develop students’ overall qualities. D. They help students become more independent. 4.What is the author’s advice? A. Focus all attention on study. B. Spend more time on entertainment. C. Balance study and life properly. D. Make a detailed study plan. 答案1.C 2. B 3. C 4. C 详细解析 C 正确。第一段 “two extremes: either buried in books... or addicted to entertainment” 点明学习生活失衡。A、B、D 为片面细节。 B 正确。第二段 “excessive study can be harmful... even health problems” 说明过度学习导致健康问题。A、C、D 未提及。 C 正确。第三段 “make students well‑rounded individuals” 对应培养综合素质。A、B、D 不符原文。 C 正确。全文核心及末段 “Balancing study and life is not easy but achievable” 直接建议平衡学习与生活。A、B 极端；D 片面。 主题02 人与社会：文化、社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・浙江杭州・期末） 主题：人与社会・城市文化、历史遗产保护、现代与传统平衡 In many modern cities, high‑rise buildings are rapidly replacing old historical structures. While modern buildings provide convenience and comfort, the loss of historical buildings has sparked a heated debate. Some people argue that old buildings should be torn down to make way for development, while others insist that they must be preserved as cultural heritage. Preserving historical buildings is essential for cultural identity. These buildings are not just bricks and stones; they are living records of history, reflecting the lifestyle, art, and values of past generations. They help us understand our roots and maintain a sense of continuity with the past. Once destroyed, they can never be restored. For example, the historic districts of Dubai and Shanghai attract millions of tourists every year, boosting local economy and cultural influence. Critics claim that preserving old buildings is costly and inefficient. They argue that old buildings often lack modern facilities and are not suitable for contemporary life. However, this view is short‑sighted. Restoration can be cheaper than new construction in some cases, and adaptive reuse can turn old buildings into modern offices, shops, or museums. Moreover, historical districts can become cultural and economic engines for the city. A balanced approach is needed. We should not blindly reject modern development nor mindlessly keep every old building. Instead, we should protect buildings of historical and cultural value while allowing necessary development. This way, we can enjoy both modern convenience and cultural richness. 1.What is the debate mainly about? A. How to build modern high‑rises. B. Whether to preserve historical buildings. C. The cost of building restoration. D. The tourism value of old districts. 2.Why are historical buildings important? A. They provide modern facilities. B. They are cheaper to build. C. They reflect historical and cultural values. D. They attract more residents. 3.What do critics of preservation argue? A. Old buildings are unsafe. B. Restoration is expensive. C. Historical districts are crowded. D. Old buildings damage the environment. 4.What is the author’s suggestion? A. Stop all modern construction. B. Preserve every old building. C. Balance development and preservation. D. Turn old buildings into museums. 答案1.B 2. C 3. B 4. C 详细解析 B 正确。首段 “Some people argue that old buildings should be torn down... while others insist that they must be preserved” 点明核心是是否保护历史建筑。 C 正确。第二段 “living records of history, reflecting the lifestyle, art, and values” 说明其承载历史文化价值。A（缺现代设施）、B（重建更贵）、D（吸引游客非居民）均错。 B 正确。第三段 “preserving old buildings is costly” 对应保护成本高。A、C、D 未提及。 C 正确。末段 “A balanced approach is needed... protect... while allowing necessary development” 建议平衡发展与保护。 Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・江苏南京・期末） 主题：人与社会・数字沟通、人际关系、社交能力 The digital age has revolutionized the way people communicate. With smartphones and social media, we can connect with others anytime and anywhere. However, this convenience has come at a cost: many people are losing the ability to communicate face‑to‑face. This shift has raised concerns about the quality of interpersonal relationships in modern society. Online communication is convenient but shallow. Text messages and emojis cannot fully convey emotions, tone, or body language. A joke may be misunderstood, and a sincere message may seem cold. Over time, relying too much on online communication can make people socially awkward. They may feel nervous or uncomfortable when talking to others in person, lacking eye contact, facial expressions, and proper gestures. Face‑to‑face communication, by contrast, is deep and meaningful. It allows us to read nonverbal cues, build trust, and understand others’ true feelings. It strengthens relationships and creates a sense of connection. Whether in family, friendship, or work, face‑to‑face interaction is irreplaceable. Studies show that people who communicate more in person have happier and more stable relationships. To improve interpersonal skills, we should balance online and offline communication. Use digital tools to stay in touch, but make time for face‑to‑face meetings. Practice active listening, maintain eye contact, and express yourself clearly. In a world where digital communication dominates, mastering face‑to‑face skills is more important than ever. 1.What problem does the digital age bring? A. No way to communicate remotely. B. Loss of face‑to‑face communication ability. C. Too many in‑person meetings. D. Misuse of social media. 2.Why is online communication shallow? A. It is not convenient. B. It lacks emotional cues. C. It is too slow. D. It requires body language. 3.What is an advantage of face‑to‑face communication? A. It saves time. B. It avoids misunderstandings. C. It builds stronger relationships. D. It needs no skills. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Convenience of Digital Communication B. The Importance of Face‑to‑Face Communication C. How to Improve Online Chatting Skills D. The Disadvantages of Social Media 答案1.B 2. B 3. C 4. B 详细解析 B 正确。首段 “many people are losing the ability to communicate face‑to‑face” 点明数字时代问题是失去面对面沟通能力。 B 正确。第二段 “cannot fully convey emotions, tone, or body language” 说明线上交流缺乏情感信号。 C 正确。第三段 “strengthens relationships and creates a sense of connection” 对应巩固人际关系。 B 正确。全文对比线上浅层交流与线下深度交流，核心强调面对面沟通的重要性。 主题03 人与自然：环境与探索 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・山东济南・期末） 主题：人与自然・海洋生态、塑料污染危害、全球治理 The world’s oceans, covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, are vital to life on Earth. They regulate the climate, supply oxygen, support fisheries and transport goods. However, a growing environmental disaster is threatening marine ecosystems: plastic pollution. Every year, an estimated 8 million tons of plastic waste enters the oceans, and this figure is expected to double by 2030 if no effective action is taken. Unlike organic waste, plastic does not biodegrade easily; instead, it breaks down into microplastics, which persist in the ocean for hundreds of years. Plastic pollution poses severe threats to marine life. Countless marine animals, such as sea turtles, dolphins and seabirds, mistake plastic debris for food or become entangled in it, leading to injury, suffocation or death. Microplastics, tiny plastic particles less than 5mm in size, are even more dangerous. They are ingested by small marine organisms, enter the food chain and eventually accumulate in larger animals, including humans. Studies have found microplastics in seafood, drinking water and even human blood, raising concerns about potential health risks. Beyond harming wildlife and human health, plastic pollution also damages marine habitats and economies. Plastic waste smothers coral reefs, seagrass beds and other critical ecosystems, destroying the homes of marine species. Coastal communities that rely on tourism and fishing suffer heavy losses as polluted beaches drive away tourists and contaminated fish reduce catches. The cost of cleaning up plastic waste and restoring damaged marine environments is enormous, placing a heavy burden on governments and society. Addressing ocean plastic pollution requires global cooperation and long‑term commitment. Governments must introduce strict regulations to limit single‑use plastics and improve waste management systems. Industries should develop eco‑friendly alternatives to plastic products. Individuals can reduce plastic consumption by using reusable bags, bottles and containers. Only by working together can we stop the plastic invasion and protect the oceans for future generations. 1.What do we know about ocean plastic pollution from Paragraph 1? A. It is decreasing year by year. B. Plastic waste can fully break down quickly. C. Microplastics remain in the ocean for centuries. D. Less than 8 million tons of plastic enters oceans yearly. 2.Why are microplastics more harmful? A. They are large and easy to see. B. They are eaten by small sea creatures and enter food chains. C. They only affect big marine animals. D. They can be removed easily from the ocean. 3.What is an economic impact of plastic pollution? A. Increased tourism income. B. Higher fishing production. C. Reduced costs of environmental protection. D. Losses in tourism and fishing industries. 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce the types of ocean plastics. B. To explain the causes of plastic pollution. C. To highlight the harm of ocean plastic pollution and call for action. D. To compare different solutions to plastic pollution. 答案1.C 2. B 3. D 4. C 详细解析 C 正确。第一段明确说明 “plastic does not biodegrade easily; instead, it breaks down into microplastics, which persist in the ocean for hundreds of years”，即微塑料会在海洋中留存数百年。A（逐年减少）错误，原文提到污染预计到 2030 年翻倍；B（塑料垃圾可快速完全分解）与原文 “不易生物降解” 矛盾；D（每年入海塑料不足 800 万吨）错误，原文明确是 “每年约 800 万吨”。 B 正确。第二段指出微塑料的危害核心是 “ingested by small marine organisms, enter the food chain and eventually accumulate in larger animals”，即被小型海洋生物摄入、进入食物链并逐级富集。A（体积大易看见）错误，微塑料是小于 5 毫米的微小颗粒；C（只影响大型海洋动物）错误，微塑料从底层生物开始危害，影响整个食物链；D（易从海洋清除）错误，微塑料体积小、分布广，极难清理。 D 正确。第三段提到 “Coastal communities that rely on tourism and fishing suffer heavy losses”，直接说明塑料污染导致旅游业和渔业受损。A（旅游收入增加）、B（渔业产量提高）均与原文相反；C（环保成本降低）错误，原文提到清理和修复成本巨大，会增加负担。 C 正确。全文逻辑清晰：第一段引入海洋塑料污染的现状；第二、三段从海洋生物、人类健康、生态环境、经济损失四个维度详细阐述危害；第四段呼吁全球合作、共同治理。核心目的是强调海洋塑料污染的危害并呼吁行动。A（介绍塑料类型）、B（分析污染原因）仅为文章铺垫内容；D（对比不同解决方案）错误，第四段仅列举解决方案，未进行对比。 Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・江苏苏州・期末） 主题：人与自然・极地探索、气候研究、科学价值 The polar regions, the Arctic in the north and the Antarctic in the south, are among the most extreme and mysterious places on Earth. With freezing temperatures, vast ice sheets and unique ecosystems, they have long fascinated scientists and explorers. In recent decades, polar exploration has shifted from adventure to scientific research, becoming a crucial frontier for understanding global climate change, ocean circulation and biodiversity. While some question the cost and risk of polar expeditions, the scientific value of such research is undeniable. Polar regions are the “canaries in the coal mine” of climate change. They are warming at a rate twice as fast as the global average, making them sensitive indicators of climate shifts. Scientists study melting ice sheets, rising sea levels and changing weather patterns in the polar regions to predict future climate trends. For example, the collapse of Antarctic ice shelves and the shrinking of Arctic sea ice provide early warnings of global warming, helping governments and organizations take timely measures to mitigate its effects. Without polar research, our understanding of climate change would be incomplete and delayed. Beyond climate science, polar exploration also contributes to biodiversity and oceanographic research. The polar oceans are home to unique species adapted to extreme cold, such as polar bears, penguins and krill. Studying these species helps scientists understand how life adapts to harsh environments and how ecosystems respond to environmental changes. Additionally, research on ocean currents and marine life in the polar regions improves our knowledge of global ocean circulation, which regulates the Earth’s climate and supports marine food webs. Critics argue that polar exploration is expensive and risky, with expeditions facing extreme weather, isolation and potential environmental damage. However, the benefits far outweigh the costs. Polar research not only advances scientific knowledge but also provides practical solutions to global challenges. Moreover, modern exploration technologies, such as unmanned submarines and satellite monitoring, have reduced risks and environmental impacts. As we face unprecedented global environmental crises, investing in polar exploration is not a luxury but a necessity for the future of our planet. 1.Why are polar regions called indicators of climate change? A. They have the coldest temperatures on Earth. B. They warm much faster than the global average. C. They are covered with thick ice all year round. D. They have no human activities to affect the climate. 2.What can we learn about polar species from the text? A. They are the same as species in other regions. B. They can only survive in warm environments. C. They help study life’s adaptation to extreme conditions. D. They are not affected by climate change at all. 3.What do critics of polar exploration mainly focus on? A. Its high cost and potential risks. B. Its limited scientific value. C. Its damage to local tourism. D. Its lack of advanced technology. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards polar exploration? A. Strongly opposed. B. Generally supportive. C. Doubtful about its safety. D. Unsure of its significance. 答案1.B 2. C 3. A 4. B 详细解析 B 正确。第二段明确指出 “They are warming at a rate twice as fast as the global average, making them sensitive indicators of climate shifts”，即极地变暖速度是全球平均水平的两倍，因此能敏锐反映气候变化。A（温度最低）、C（全年厚冰）是极地的自然特征，但并非其成为气候变化指示器的原因；D（无人类活动影响气候）错误，极地虽人类活动少，但气候受全球环境影响，且原文未提及此点。 C 正确。第三段提到 “Studying these species helps scientists understand how life adapts to harsh environments”，即研究极地物种有助于了解生命如何适应极端环境。A（与其他地区物种相同）错误，极地物种是独特的；B（只能在温暖环境生存）与原文相反，极地物种适应寒冷环境；D（完全不受气候变化影响）错误，原文提到极地生态系统受环境变化影响，物种生存面临挑战。 A 正确。第四段开头明确说明 “Critics argue that polar exploration is expensive and risky”，即批评者主要质疑极地探索的高成本和高风险。B（科学价值有限）错误，批评者未否定价值，仅质疑成本风险；C（破坏当地旅游业）、D（缺乏先进技术）在原文均未提及，属于无中生有。 B 正确。全文作者先介绍极地探索的科学意义，再阐述其在气候、生物、海洋研究中的价值，接着反驳批评者的观点，强调 “the benefits far outweigh the costs”，最后指出极地探索是应对全球危机的必要举措。整体态度是总体支持。A（强烈反对）、C（质疑安全性）、D（不确定意义）均与原文态度完全不符。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（议论文） 基础 必练 主题01人与自我：生活与学习 Passage 1 答案1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 2 答案1.C2.D3.A4.B 主题02人与社会：文化、社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 答案1.C2.B3.C4.D Passage 2 答案1.B2.B3.C4.C 主题03人与自然：环境与探索 Passage 1 答案1.B2.D3.C4.C Passage 2 答案1.B2.C3.B4.D 进阶 提升 主题01人与自我：生活与学习 Passage 1 答案1B2.C3.D4.C Passage 2 答案1.C2.B3.C4.C 主题02人与社会：文化、社会服务与人际沟通 学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 1 答案1.B2.C3.B4.C Passage 2 答案1.B2.B3.C4.B 主题03人与自然：环境与探索 Passage 1 答案1.C2.B3.D4.C Passage 2 答案1.B2.C3.A4.B 专题03阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我：生活与学习 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・安徽合肥・期末） 主题：人与自我・学习效率、注意力管理、数字时代学习 In the digital age, high school students face a serious problem: easy distraction. With smartphones, social media and endless online information, many students find it hard to focus on their studies. They often check messages while doing homework, watch short videos during breaks, or chat with friends when they should be reading. This constant switching between tasks greatly reduces learning efficiency. Researchers have found that focus is the key to effective learning. When we focus deeply, our brains can process information better, remember knowledge longer and understand complex ideas more easily. However, every time we are distracted, it takes our brains about 20 minutes to return to a deep working state. That means frequent distractions waste a lot of valuable study time. To improve focus, students can take simple but effective steps. First, put away your phone during study hours. Keep it in another room or turn off notifications. Second, create a quiet study environment. A clean desk and a peaceful room help reduce unnecessary distractions. Third, use the Pomodoro Technique: study for 25 minutes, then take a 5‑minute break. This method trains your brain to stay focused for longer periods. In short, learning without focus is like driving without a steering wheel. It leads to low efficiency and poor results. Mastering focus is not only a skill for school but also a lifelong ability. Students who can focus well will surely achieve more in their studies and future life. 1.What is the main problem discussed in Paragraph 1? A. Too much homework. B. Lack of learning motivation. C. Widespread distraction in study. D. Poor time management. 2.What do researchers think of focus? A. It is difficult to develop. B. It improves learning quality. C. It depends on intelligence. D. It is not necessary for modern learning. 3.What is suggested to create a good study environment? A. Study with friends. B. Keep the desk messy. C. Place the phone nearby. D. Make the room quiet. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Importance of Focus in Learning B. How to Use Digital Tools Wisely C. The Disadvantages of Distraction D. Ways to Improve Learning Motivation Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・广东深圳・期末） 主题：人与自我・自律成长、自由认知、生活管理 Many students misunderstand the meaning of freedom. They believe freedom means doing whatever they want—staying up late, playing games all day, or refusing to study. However, true freedom is not the absence of rules but the ability to control oneself. In fact, discipline is the foundation of real freedom. Discipline helps us form good habits. When we get up early, study regularly and exercise daily, we become more organized and responsible. These habits make our life orderly and meaningful. Without discipline, we may feel relaxed at first, but soon we will be lost in laziness and regret. For example, students who lack discipline often fail exams and waste their youth. Self‑discipline also gives us more choices in life. When we work hard and master skills, we have the freedom to choose our future jobs, our living places and our lifestyle. On the contrary, without discipline, we will be limited by our own laziness and ignorance. We have to accept whatever life gives us, with no right to choose. Remember, freedom is not free. It requires self‑control, hard work and persistence. Every small act of discipline brings us closer to our goals and gives us more freedom. So, learn to be disciplined. Only through discipline can we enjoy true freedom and live a life of our own will. 1.What do many students think freedom is? A. Controlling themselves. B. Following strict rules. C. Doing anything they like. D. Studying hard every day. 2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The importance of good habits. B. The harm of laziness. C. How to become responsible. D. The benefits of discipline. 3.Why does discipline bring more choices? A. It helps us master abilities. B. It makes us more popular. C. It allows us to avoid mistakes. D. It helps us make more friends. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards discipline? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Critical. 主题02 人与社会：文化、社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・河北保定・期末） 主题：人与社会・传统文化保护、非遗传承、文化认同 Chinese paper-cutting, or jianzhi, is a traditional folk art with a history of more than 1,500 years. It originated in northern China and was initially practiced by farmers cutting red paper into patterns for festivals and celebrations. Today, it is listed as a national intangible cultural heritage, symbolizing the creativity and wisdom of Chinese people. Traditional paper-cutting features rich cultural meanings. Common patterns include the character fu for good fortune, plum blossoms for resilience, and fish for abundance. The art requires great skill and patience—some delicate works look as fine as embroidery. In the past, paper-cutting was mainly passed down from mothers to daughters in rural areas. However, with rapid urbanization and modernization, fewer young people are willing to learn this craft, putting it at risk of disappearing. To protect and promote paper-cutting, many efforts have been made. Some schools have introduced paper-cutting courses into art classes. Experienced artists are also combining traditional patterns with modern elements such as cartoons and cityscapes to attract young audiences. Exhibitions and cultural events are regularly held to show the beauty of this ancient art. Cultural heritage is the root of a nation’s identity. Paper-cutting is not just a craft but a carrier of Chinese culture and values. Protecting it means preserving our cultural memory and passing it on to future generations. With joint efforts, traditional arts like paper-cutting will continue to thrive in the modern world. 1.What do we know about Chinese paper-cutting? A. It has a history of 500 years. B. It was created by city artists. C. It is a national intangible cultural heritage. D. It only uses black paper. 2.What is a threat to paper-cutting? A. Too many art courses. B. Lack of young learners. C. Modern patterns. D. International exhibitions. 3.How do schools help protect paper-cutting? A. By holding international events. B. By inviting foreign artists. C. By setting up related courses. D. By selling paper-cutting works. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of Chinese paper-cutting. B. The meanings of paper-cut patterns. C. The popularity of traditional arts. D. The value and protection of paper-cutting. Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・四川成都・期末） 主题：人与社会・志愿服务、社区责任、人际互助 Community service refers to voluntary work done by individuals or groups to improve local communities. It includes activities such as helping the elderly, cleaning public areas, tutoring children, and organizing cultural events. In recent years, community service has become an important part of social life, especially for teenagers. Participating in community service brings many benefits. First, it helps students develop social responsibility. By serving others, teenagers learn to care about people around them and understand the needs of the community. Second, it improves interpersonal skills. Working with different people teaches students how to communicate, cooperate, and solve problems together. Third, it provides valuable real‑world experience, helping students grow into responsible and caring adults. Some people argue that community service takes time away from studies. However, this is not true. On the contrary, it helps students become more well‑rounded. Many schools now encourage students to do community service and even include it in graduation requirements. Research shows that students who participate in voluntary work often have better grades and stronger social skills. Community service is not only helpful to the community but also beneficial to participants. It builds a warmer and more connected society. As teenagers, we should actively take part in community service. Every small effort can make a big difference. 1.What is community service? A. Paid work in local communities. B. Voluntary work for public benefits. C. Part‑time jobs for teenagers. D. Cultural events for students. 2.What does community service help students develop? A. Better study habits. B. Social responsibility. C. Artistic skills. D. Physical strength. 3.Why do some people oppose community service? A. It is dangerous for teenagers. B. It costs too much money. C. It may affect schoolwork. D. It is not meaningful. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards community service? A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. 主题03 人与自然：环境与探索 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・福建福州・期末） 主题：人与自然・低碳生活、环保责任、绿色交通 With the rapid development of urbanization, cities around the world are facing serious environmental problems, among which air pollution is one of the most urgent. Vehicle emissions, especially from gasoline‑powered cars, are a major contributor to poor air quality, leading to smog, respiratory illnesses and climate change. In response to this crisis, promoting green travel has become a key solution advocated by environmentalists and governments worldwide. Green travel refers to choosing low‑carbon or zero‑carbon means of transportation, such as walking, cycling, taking public transport or driving electric vehicles. Unlike traditional cars that release large amounts of carbon dioxide and harmful gases, green travel methods produce little or no pollution. For example, cycling not only reduces emissions but also serves as a form of exercise, improving physical health. Public transport can carry dozens of people at once, greatly cutting down the number of cars on the road and easing traffic congestion. Some people argue that green travel is inconvenient, especially for those living in suburban areas with limited public transport. However, this problem can be solved by improving infrastructure, such as building more bike lanes and expanding bus and subway networks. Additionally, the inconvenience is temporary compared with the long‑term benefits of a cleaner environment and healthier life. Protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility. Green travel is not just a trend but a necessary choice for sustainable development. By making small changes in our daily travel habits, we can collectively reduce pollution, conserve energy and create a greener future for ourselves and the next generations. 1.What is the main cause of air pollution mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. Industrial waste. B. Vehicle emissions. C. Deforestation. D. Construction dust. 2.Which of the following is NOT a green travel method? A. Walking to work. B. Riding a bicycle. C. Taking the subway. D. Driving a gasoline car. 3.What is the advantage of cycling according to the text? A. It saves travel time. B. It is suitable for long distances. C. It benefits people’s health. D. It costs no money at all. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards green travel? A. Doubtful. B. Opposed. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・湖南长沙・期末） 主题：人与自然・森林生态、生物多样性、生态平衡 Forests, often called the “lungs of the Earth”, are one of the most precious natural resources on our planet. They cover about 30% of the Earth’s land surface and play an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecological balance. However, deforestation has become a global crisis in recent decades, with millions of trees cut down every year for agriculture, logging and urban expansion, threatening the health of the entire planet. Forests provide countless benefits to both nature and humans. First, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping to regulate the global climate and slow down global warming. Second, forests are home to more than half of the world’s terrestrial species, including animals, plants and microorganisms, maintaining biodiversity and ecological stability. Third, tree roots hold soil in place, preventing soil erosion and reducing the risk of floods and landslides. Finally, forests supply humans with wood, fruits, medicines and other resources, supporting local livelihoods and economic development. Despite their importance, forests are facing severe threats. Illegal logging, unsustainable farming and wildfires are destroying forest areas at an alarming rate. As forests disappear, carbon emissions increase, many species lose their habitats and face extinction, and natural disasters become more frequent. The loss of forests is not just an environmental problem but also a threat to human survival and development. To protect forests, joint efforts are needed from governments, organizations and individuals. Governments should enforce strict laws against deforestation and carry out reforestation projects. Individuals can contribute by using less paper, choosing sustainable wood products and supporting forest conservation initiatives. Only by protecting forests can we protect our planet and ensure a sustainable future for all. 1.Why are forests called the “lungs of the Earth”? A. They produce clean water. B. They absorb CO₂ and release O₂. C. They prevent natural disasters. D. They provide food for animals. 2.What is a consequence of deforestation according to the text? A. Increased biodiversity. B. Reduced carbon emissions. C. Higher risk of floods. D. Stable ecological balance. 3.Which of the following is NOT a threat to forests? A. Illegal logging. B. Reforestation. C. Wildfires. D. Unsustainable farming. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The diverse species living in forests. B. The causes of global deforestation. C. The economic value of forest resources. D. The importance and protection of forests. 主题01 人与自我：生活与学习 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・江苏无锡・期末） 主题：人与自我・成长型思维、潜能开发、失败认知 In recent decades, psychologists have identified two contrasting mindsets that greatly influence learning and personal development: fixed mindset and growth mindset. A fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that intelligence, talent and ability are innate and unchangeable. Individuals with this mindset tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure will expose their limitations. They view effort as a sign of weakness and often give up easily when facing difficulties. In contrast, a growth mindset is rooted in the belief that abilities can be developed and improved through dedication, learning and persistence. People with a growth mindset embrace challenges, seeing them as opportunities to grow. They regard failure not as a judgment of their ability but as valuable feedback that helps them learn and adjust. They understand that effort is the path to mastery and are willing to work hard to achieve their goals. Research has shown that students with a growth mindset perform better academically than those with a fixed mindset. They are more resilient in the face of setbacks, more motivated to learn, and more likely to reach their full potential. For example, when solving difficult math problems, growth‑mindset students keep trying and learn from mistakes, while fixed‑mindset students quickly give up, believing they are not smart enough. Developing a growth mindset is essential for high school students. It helps them overcome self‑doubt, build confidence and develop a lifelong love of learning. By understanding that abilities can be improved, students can free themselves from the fear of failure and unlock their hidden potential. In the journey of life, a growth mindset is not only a key to academic success but also a powerful tool for personal growth. 1.What do people with a fixed mindset believe? A. Ability can be improved. B. Talent is born and unchangeable. C. Challenges help develop skills. D. Failure provides useful feedback. 2.What is a growth‑mindset person’s attitude towards failure? A. It is shameful. B. It is unavoidable. C. It is a learning chance. D. It is a sign of weakness. 3.Why do growth‑mindset students perform better? A. They are smarter. B. They fear no challenges. C. They have more self‑confidence. D. They are more resilient and motivated. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare two different mindsets. B. To explain the origin of mindsets. C. To encourage developing a growth mindset. D. To show the importance of intelligence. Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・浙江宁波・期末） 主题：人与自我・学习生活平衡、身心健康、全面发展 High school is a crucial period when students are faced with heavy academic pressure and various life challenges. Many students fall into two extremes: either buried in books all day with no time for relaxation, or addicted to entertainment ignoring their studies. However, neither extreme is beneficial to healthy growth. The key to a meaningful high school life lies in balancing study and life. On one hand, study is the main task of high school students. It lays the foundation for future development and helps students gain knowledge, improve abilities and realize their potential. Diligence and hard work are necessary for academic progress. Without enough study time, students cannot master knowledge or achieve good grades. However, excessive study can be harmful. Studying for long hours without rest leads to tiredness, low efficiency and even health problems such as poor eyesight and stress. On the other hand, life beyond study is equally important. Relaxation, hobbies and social activities help students relax their minds, reduce pressure and develop social skills. Sports build up the body; music and art enrich the mind; communicating with friends teaches empathy and cooperation. These experiences make students well‑rounded individuals, not just learning machines. However, too much entertainment will distract students from their studies, leading to poor academic performance and regret. Balancing study and life is not easy but achievable. Students should make a reasonable schedule, arrange time for both study and rest, and stick to it. They should learn to focus on study when studying and enjoy life when relaxing. Remember, high school life is not only about grades but also about growth, health and happiness. A balanced life helps students grow into healthy, happy and capable individuals. 1.What problem is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. Heavy academic pressure. B. Lack of entertainment. C. Unbalanced study and life. D. No time for hobbies. 2.What is the disadvantage of excessive study? A. Wasting time. B. Causing health issues. C. Reducing social skills. D. Missing important knowledge. 3.Why are hobbies and sports important? A. They help students make more friends. B. They improve students’ grades. C. They develop students’ overall qualities. D. They help students become more independent. 4.What is the author’s advice? A. Focus all attention on study. B. Spend more time on entertainment. C. Balance study and life properly. D. Make a detailed study plan. 主题02 人与社会：文化、社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・浙江杭州・期末） 主题：人与社会・城市文化、历史遗产保护、现代与传统平衡 In many modern cities, high‑rise buildings are rapidly replacing old historical structures. While modern buildings provide convenience and comfort, the loss of historical buildings has sparked a heated debate. Some people argue that old buildings should be torn down to make way for development, while others insist that they must be preserved as cultural heritage. Preserving historical buildings is essential for cultural identity. These buildings are not just bricks and stones; they are living records of history, reflecting the lifestyle, art, and values of past generations. They help us understand our roots and maintain a sense of continuity with the past. Once destroyed, they can never be restored. For example, the historic districts of Dubai and Shanghai attract millions of tourists every year, boosting local economy and cultural influence. Critics claim that preserving old buildings is costly and inefficient. They argue that old buildings often lack modern facilities and are not suitable for contemporary life. However, this view is short‑sighted. Restoration can be cheaper than new construction in some cases, and adaptive reuse can turn old buildings into modern offices, shops, or museums. Moreover, historical districts can become cultural and economic engines for the city. A balanced approach is needed. We should not blindly reject modern development nor mindlessly keep every old building. Instead, we should protect buildings of historical and cultural value while allowing necessary development. This way, we can enjoy both modern convenience and cultural richness. 1.What is the debate mainly about? A. How to build modern high‑rises. B. Whether to preserve historical buildings. C. The cost of building restoration. D. The tourism value of old districts. 2.Why are historical buildings important? A. They provide modern facilities. B. They are cheaper to build. C. They reflect historical and cultural values. D. They attract more residents. 3.What do critics of preservation argue? A. Old buildings are unsafe. B. Restoration is expensive. C. Historical districts are crowded. D. Old buildings damage the environment. 4.What is the author’s suggestion? A. Stop all modern construction. B. Preserve every old building. C. Balance development and preservation. D. Turn old buildings into museums. Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・江苏南京・期末） 主题：人与社会・数字沟通、人际关系、社交能力 The digital age has revolutionized the way people communicate. With smartphones and social media, we can connect with others anytime and anywhere. However, this convenience has come at a cost: many people are losing the ability to communicate face‑to‑face. This shift has raised concerns about the quality of interpersonal relationships in modern society. Online communication is convenient but shallow. Text messages and emojis cannot fully convey emotions, tone, or body language. A joke may be misunderstood, and a sincere message may seem cold. Over time, relying too much on online communication can make people socially awkward. They may feel nervous or uncomfortable when talking to others in person, lacking eye contact, facial expressions, and proper gestures. Face‑to‑face communication, by contrast, is deep and meaningful. It allows us to read nonverbal cues, build trust, and understand others’ true feelings. It strengthens relationships and creates a sense of connection. Whether in family, friendship, or work, face‑to‑face interaction is irreplaceable. Studies show that people who communicate more in person have happier and more stable relationships. To improve interpersonal skills, we should balance online and offline communication. Use digital tools to stay in touch, but make time for face‑to‑face meetings. Practice active listening, maintain eye contact, and express yourself clearly. In a world where digital communication dominates, mastering face‑to‑face skills is more important than ever. 1.What problem does the digital age bring? A. No way to communicate remotely. B. Loss of face‑to‑face communication ability. C. Too many in‑person meetings. D. Misuse of social media. 2.Why is online communication shallow? A. It is not convenient. B. It lacks emotional cues. C. It is too slow. D. It requires body language. 3.What is an advantage of face‑to‑face communication? A. It saves time. B. It avoids misunderstandings. C. It builds stronger relationships. D. It needs no skills. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. The Convenience of Digital Communication B. The Importance of Face‑to‑Face Communication C. How to Improve Online Chatting Skills D. The Disadvantages of Social Media 主题03 人与自然：环境与探索 Passage 1 （24‑25 高二下・山东济南・期末） 主题：人与自然・海洋生态、塑料污染危害、全球治理 The world’s oceans, covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, are vital to life on Earth. They regulate the climate, supply oxygen, support fisheries and transport goods. However, a growing environmental disaster is threatening marine ecosystems: plastic pollution. Every year, an estimated 8 million tons of plastic waste enters the oceans, and this figure is expected to double by 2030 if no effective action is taken. Unlike organic waste, plastic does not biodegrade easily; instead, it breaks down into microplastics, which persist in the ocean for hundreds of years. Plastic pollution poses severe threats to marine life. Countless marine animals, such as sea turtles, dolphins and seabirds, mistake plastic debris for food or become entangled in it, leading to injury, suffocation or death. Microplastics, tiny plastic particles less than 5mm in size, are even more dangerous. They are ingested by small marine organisms, enter the food chain and eventually accumulate in larger animals, including humans. Studies have found microplastics in seafood, drinking water and even human blood, raising concerns about potential health risks. Beyond harming wildlife and human health, plastic pollution also damages marine habitats and economies. Plastic waste smothers coral reefs, seagrass beds and other critical ecosystems, destroying the homes of marine species. Coastal communities that rely on tourism and fishing suffer heavy losses as polluted beaches drive away tourists and contaminated fish reduce catches. The cost of cleaning up plastic waste and restoring damaged marine environments is enormous, placing a heavy burden on governments and society. Addressing ocean plastic pollution requires global cooperation and long‑term commitment. Governments must introduce strict regulations to limit single‑use plastics and improve waste management systems. Industries should develop eco‑friendly alternatives to plastic products. Individuals can reduce plastic consumption by using reusable bags, bottles and containers. Only by working together can we stop the plastic invasion and protect the oceans for future generations. 1.What do we know about ocean plastic pollution from Paragraph 1? A. It is decreasing year by year. B. Plastic waste can fully break down quickly. C. Microplastics remain in the ocean for centuries. D. Less than 8 million tons of plastic enters oceans yearly. 2.Why are microplastics more harmful? A. They are large and easy to see. B. They are eaten by small sea creatures and enter food chains. C. They only affect big marine animals. D. They can be removed easily from the ocean. 3.What is an economic impact of plastic pollution? A. Increased tourism income. B. Higher fishing production. C. Reduced costs of environmental protection. D. Losses in tourism and fishing industries. 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce the types of ocean plastics. B. To explain the causes of plastic pollution. C. To highlight the harm of ocean plastic pollution and call for action. D. To compare different solutions to plastic pollution. Passage 2 （24‑25 高二下・江苏苏州・期末） 主题：人与自然・极地探索、气候研究、科学价值 The polar regions, the Arctic in the north and the Antarctic in the south, are among the most extreme and mysterious places on Earth. With freezing temperatures, vast ice sheets and unique ecosystems, they have long fascinated scientists and explorers. In recent decades, polar exploration has shifted from adventure to scientific research, becoming a crucial frontier for understanding global climate change, ocean circulation and biodiversity. While some question the cost and risk of polar expeditions, the scientific value of such research is undeniable. Polar regions are the “canaries in the coal mine” of climate change. They are warming at a rate twice as fast as the global average, making them sensitive indicators of climate shifts. Scientists study melting ice sheets, rising sea levels and changing weather patterns in the polar regions to predict future climate trends. For example, the collapse of Antarctic ice shelves and the shrinking of Arctic sea ice provide early warnings of global warming, helping governments and organizations take timely measures to mitigate its effects. Without polar research, our understanding of climate change would be incomplete and delayed. Beyond climate science, polar exploration also contributes to biodiversity and oceanographic research. The polar oceans are home to unique species adapted to extreme cold, such as polar bears, penguins and krill. Studying these species helps scientists understand how life adapts to harsh environments and how ecosystems respond to environmental changes. Additionally, research on ocean currents and marine life in the polar regions improves our knowledge of global ocean circulation, which regulates the Earth’s climate and supports marine food webs. Critics argue that polar exploration is expensive and risky, with expeditions facing extreme weather, isolation and potential environmental damage. However, the benefits far outweigh the costs. Polar research not only advances scientific knowledge but also provides practical solutions to global challenges. Moreover, modern exploration technologies, such as unmanned submarines and satellite monitoring, have reduced risks and environmental impacts. As we face unprecedented global environmental crises, investing in polar exploration is not a luxury but a necessity for the future of our planet. 1.Why are polar regions called indicators of climate change? A. They have the coldest temperatures on Earth. B. They warm much faster than the global average. C. They are covered with thick ice all year round. D. They have no human activities to affect the climate. 2.What can we learn about polar species from the text? A. They are the same as species in other regions. B. They can only survive in warm environments. C. They help study life’s adaptation to extreme conditions. D. They are not affected by climate change at all. 3.What do critics of polar exploration mainly focus on? A. Its high cost and potential risks. B. Its limited scientific value. C. Its damage to local tourism. D. Its lack of advanced technology. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards polar exploration? A. Strongly opposed. B. Generally supportive. C. Doubtful about its safety. D. Unsure of its significance. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $