Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A 4a-4d课件-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时核心知识点，涵盖since/for用法、延续性与非延续性动词转换及have been to/have gone to/have been in辨析。通过观看视频填空、例句导入，结合阅读句子、对比时间标志词等方式，构建从基础规则到实际应用的学习支架，衔接复习与新授内容。 其亮点在于以错误例句辨析、动词转换表培养学生思维品质，通过小组访谈、对话编写任务提升语言能力与学习能力。如延续性动词转换部分用具体例句对比正误，帮助学生理解逻辑；访谈活动让学生在真实语境中运用语法，既助学生掌握知识并灵活应用，也为教师提供清晰教学路径，提高课堂效率。

Grammar Focus UNIT 8 In this part, you will  sum up the rules of the present perfect with since, for, have been to and have gone to;  use the present perfect tense with since, for, have been to and have gone to correctly. Presentation Watch two videos and fill in the blanks. I ______ ____ you _____ a thousand years. have loved for We______ _____ each other _____ we were nine or ten. have known since present perfect tense Lead in Read the sentences. 4a Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 1. 表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果； 现在完成时 | 1. 定义 Past Present Future Judy has been the first bunny cop in Zootopia. 朱迪成为了动物城第一只兔子警察（动物城有了兔子警察）。 Judy has investigated this case for 24 hours. 目前为止，朱迪已经调查案件超过24小时了（从24小时前一直调查到现在） I have worked here for 7 years. 我已经在这里工作7年了。 2. 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在，并有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。 Revision 未完成用法 Revision 2. 句型 3. 时间标志词 4. 过去分词的变化规则 （详情见P65， P107-P109，P137-P141） Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. for + 时间段 since + 过去的时间点 since + 从句(一般过去时） since和 for引导的时间状语, 常用__________提问。  how long  how long、how often、how soon 和 how many times  疑问词组 中文含义 询问重点 典型答语 How long 多久、多长时间 动作或状态持续的总长度（时间段） for + 时间段 since + 时间点 How often 多经常、频率如何 动作发生的频率（规律性） once/twice a week （每周一/两次） every day（每天） sometimes（有时） How soon 多快、还要多久 将来动作过多久后会发生（时间点距现在的间隔） in + 时间段 （如：in ten minutes） How many times 多少次 到说话时为止，动作发生的总次数（累积数字） once（一次） three times（三次） many times（许多次） • 时间点指的是具体的 时间，比如1点、4月 7日、2018年5月； • 时间段指的是一段时 间内，比如说一点到 三点，中间这两个小 时就是一段时间。 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 时间点 时间点 时间段 时间点 时间段 时间段 试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！ Ⅰ 时间点VS 时间段 I have lived here since 2010. 我从 2010 年起就住在这里了。 since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。 We have waited for you for two hours. 我们已经等你两个小时了。 for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。 Ⅱ since自从 VS for(长达，持续了) My sister has had her cell phone ____a month. =My sister has had her cell phone _________________. for since a month ago 1. for+时间段 2. since①+过去的时间点 ②+从句(一般过去时) = since+时间段+ago 1._______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3._______ last month 4._______1999 5._______ yesterday 6._______4 o’clock 7._______ about 4 months 8. _______ she was a baby 9.________we were children 10. _______ six hours since & for for since since for since since since since since for 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She __________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years. 2. I __________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ______ two years now. ______ he started working there, he __________ (help) many students. 4. The organization __________ (train) over 6,000 elderly people ______ it began to offer classes three years ago. Complete the sentences with for or since. 4b for since for Since since 现在完成时态中带有for或since的句子，动词需为延续性动词。 Ⅲ 延续性动词VS 非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历。 learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, live等 延续性动词可以与for和 since引导的时间状语连用。 2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。 open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die … Look at these sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I have bought this book for 3 years. 2 I have bought this book since 3 years ago. 3 He has died for three years. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。 1 I have had this book for 3 years. 2 I have had this book since 3 years ago. 3 He has been dead for 3 years. Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I haven’t heard from him for a year. 2 I haven’t heard from him since March. 在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性” 被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。 ①将非延续性动词转化为意思相同的延续性动词 非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换 borrow → keep(借) become → be (成为) receive → have (收到) go to sleep → sleep (睡觉) (穿) put on (认识) get to know (买) buy (感冒) catch a cold wear / be on know have (own)/ keep have a cold begin (start) (开始)----be on go there (去哪里)----- be there come back (回来)----- be back come here (来这里)---- be here ②将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词” open close die be open be closed be dead be in be away finish go to bed leave marry be married be over be back be out be asleep be lost be ill be in / at be in / be a member of return get out fall asleep lose fall ill get (arrive, reach) join (become) He has died for two years. (X) He has been dead for two years. (√) I have bought the bike for 2 months. (X) I have had/owned the bike for 2 months. (√) ( ) 1. Premier Zhou Enlai _____ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. A. died B. was died C. has died D. has been dead D ( ) 2. —Look at these stamps. I _____ them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought D. bought B 1.The French musician came here last month , and he is still here. The French musician _____ _____ here for a month. 2.He joined the army in 1985. He _____ _____ ____ the army ____ 1985. 3.The movie started ten minutes ago. The movie _____ _____ ____ for ten minutes. has been has been in since has been on 4.The bus left five minutes ago . The bus _____ already ____ _____ for five minutes. 5.The girl bought a new school bag in September. The girl ____ ____the school bag since September. 6. The shop closed last winter. The shop ____ ____ ______ since last winter. has been away has had has been closed 7. The film began ten minutes ago. The film _____ ____ ____ for ten minutes. 8. The dog died two days ago. The dog _____ ______ _____ for two days. has been on has been dead Ⅳ 补充：have been to/ have gone to/ have been in have been to have gone to have been in "曾经去过", 说话时已不在去过的地方, 常与ever/never等连用。后可接次数，表示"去过某地几次". "去了某地",表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中,该人不在现场，一般不用第一/二人称作主语. 表示在某地待了多久, 常跟"for+一段时间"连用. 用how long 进行提问. He has been to Beijing. 去过北京 He has gone to Beijing. 去了北京 He has been in Beijing for 3 years. Presentation Look and say Look at the pictures and match them with has been in, has been to, has gone to. have/has been in have/has gone to have/has been to a museum --- How many times _____ you ____ (be) to this museum? --- Twice. have been a zoo He _____ _____ (go) to the zoo. So, Mike can't find him. has gone 1.She __________ Europe twice. 2.Tom is not at home now. He __________ England. 3.He _________ abroad many times. 4.---Where is Jerry ?---He ________ home. 5.Mike and his parents ___________ the north for half a year. 6.I ____________ Beijing twice. has been to has gone to 用have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空. has been 注意：若have been to或have gone to后接副词，则省略to。 has gone have been in have been to 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She __________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years. 2. I __________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ______ two years now. ______ he started working there, he __________ (help) many students. 4. The organization __________ (train) over 6,000 elderly people ______ it began to offer classes three years ago. 4b for since for Since since Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. has taught have been has helped has trained army n.军队 pl. armies join the army（参军） serve in the army（服兵役） the army and navy（陆海两军） regular army（正规军） soldier n.士兵；军人 primary adj.小学教育的；首要的；初级的 primary school （小学）primary cause（主要原因）primary goal（首要目标）primary level（初级水平） Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4c I love being a volunteer! I ____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ___________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ___________ (make) many new friends and I ______ even ______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _______ (be) so big that they ______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________ (smile) and ___________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped have made have met met was got smiled thanked help out 分担工作；帮忙做 help (sb) out with sth 帮助某人处理某事 charity UN.慈善（行为 / 事业） do charity（做慈善） charity work（慈善工作） out of charity（出于慈善） CN.慈善机构 / 组织 pl. charities Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. 4d How long have you • known your best friend / that girl / …? • had your favourite toy / bag / …? • lived in this town / your neighbourhood / …? Sample In our group, Maria has lived in this neighborhood for only one year, but she knows it very well. Tom has lived in the neighborhood since he was a baby. And he has had his favorite toy, a soft teddy bear for 9 years. He received it on his fifth birthday. Tom has a good friend called Jimmy and they have been good friends for six years.... Try to use different tenses we have learned before. 编写一段对话（4-5 回合） 主题：谈论自己或他人的 “兴趣爱好 / 坚持做的事”（如学 乐器、运动、阅读、志愿服务等） 要求：1. 对话中必须包含至少 2 处 “for + 时间段” 和 2 处 “since + 时间点”； 2. 至少使用 3 个不同的动词（可包含不规则动词，如 learn-learned/learnt, keep-kept 等）； 3. 语句通顺，符合日常交流逻辑，每回合不少于 2 句话。 Lavf58.41.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.41.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $