专题1 名词-【中考对策】2026年中考总复习英语（外研版）

第二编 语法专题突破 专题一 考点①名词的数 1.可数名词 (1)名词变复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般情况下，在名词词尾 map→maps,boy→boys 加-s bus→ouses,box→boxes, 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名 watch→vatches, 词，在词尾加-es brush-→brushes 以辅音字母加-y结尾的 dictionary-dictionaries, 名词，先将y变成i,再 country→countries 加-es 以f或fe结尾的名词，先 leaf→leaves,knife-→knives 将f或fe变成v,再加-es 有生命的名词，在词尾 hero→neroes, 加-esa (口诀：英雄爱吃西红 tomato→tomatoes, potato→botatoes 柿和土豆)》 以。结尾无生命的名词，在词尾 的名词 加-s。 radio→radios, (口诀：收音机里说这 photo→photos, 张照片上有一个动物 Z00→200s, 园，里面有一架钢琴只 piano→pianos 能弹s调) (2)名词变复数的不规则变化 构成方法 例词 man→men,woman→women, a变e policeman-→policemen oo变ee foot→feet,tooth→teeth 单复数同形 sheep→sheep,deer→deer 某国人：中日不 Chinese→Chinese, 变，英法变，其余 Frenchman->Frenchmen, 后面加-s German→Germans 其他 mouse-→mice,child-→children 名 词 (3)可数名词的修饰词 many,a few,few,several,a number of, how many,too many等。 2.不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数，前面不能直接用不 定冠词a或an修饰。 (1)不可数名词的数量 不可数名词表数量时，常用“数词/冠词+量词+ o+不可数名词”表示。作主语时，谓语动词的 形式取决于of前面的量词。 There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有两杯茶。 (2)不可数名词的修饰词 much,a bit of,a little,little,how much,too much 3.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 orange 橙子 橙汁 room 房间 空间 次数； chicken 鸡 鸡肉 time 时间 倍数 试卷；报 paper 纸 beauty 美人 美丽 纸；文件 experience 经历 经验 work 作品 工作 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 light 电灯 光 exercise 练习 锻炼 fish 鱼 鱼肉 即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·上海青浦区二模)The artist used different-sized brush)to create the detailed artwork. 2.(2025·陕西改编)I picked tea (leaf)there and enjoyed lots of local food. 3.(2025·上海青浦区二模)The farmer raised many sheep)and sold them at the market to make a living. 117 4.Would you please offer me some advice)on how to improve my spoken English? 5.(2024·镇江改编)We will never forget those hero)who have done a lot for our country. 6.I had a lot of interesting during my stay in China,but I didn't have much in cooking Chinese food.(experience) 考点2名词所有格 1.s所有格 构成 例子 the girl's father女孩的父亲 单数 在词尾加's 名词 today's newspaper 今天的报纸 以s结尾的two hours'walk 复数加- 两个小时的步行 名词不以$结尾 children's books儿童书籍 的加's These are Mary's and Helen's 各自分别在每个 1 rooms.这些是玛丽的房间和海 拥有名词后加's 伦的房间。 共同在最后一个This is Mary and Helen's father. 拥有名词后加-'s 这是玛丽和海伦的父亲。 2.of所有格 般来说，无生命名词的所有格常用of 表示。 the door of the room房间的门 the color of the clothes衣服的颜色 3.双重所有格 双重所有格可以用“of+-'s所有格”或“of+ 名词性物主代词”表示。 He is a friend of my father's. 他是我父亲的一位朋友。 This is a book of mine.这是我的一本书。 4.用to表示所有格 “the+名词+to+名词”意为“.…的…”，表示 所属关系或关联关系。 the key to the door门上的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 118 。即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·龙东地区)Chinese people use twelve animals to name the year of a （person)birth. 2.（2025·遂宁改编)一Excuse me,sir.How far is it from here to the train station? -Oh,it's about ten minute)walk. 3.My parents took me to the amusement park on child)Day.There were so many exciting things to do there. 4.（2024·西藏改编) Eric and Helen)father works in the police station. 5.Upstairs are Lily and Lucy) bedrooms.They are tidy and nice.But ours are in a mess. 考点3名词作定语 1.名词作定语，一般用单数。如果要变复数，只 把被修饰的词变成复数。 We planted two apple trees last year. 去年我们种了两棵苹果树。 2.man或woman作定语修饰名词时，如果要变 复数，man或woman与被修饰的词都变成复数。 They are all men doctors.他们都是男医生。 3.sport作定语时，用复数。 Our sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning. 我们的运动会将在下周六早晨举行。 4.“基数词-名词（形容词）”构成的复合形容词 作定语时，复合形容词中的名词用单数。 a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩 。即学即练 1.昨天我妈妈买了两双运动鞋。 Yesterday my mother bought two pairs of 2.我们班女老师的数量是6个。 The number of the in our class is six. 3.（2025·扬州邗江区二模改编)她80岁的爷 爷在一个冬天的早晨去世了。 Her grandpa passed away on a winter morning. 考点④名词的词性转换 1.动词变名词 构词法 例词 以-er/-or结尾 teach-→teacher,visit-→visitor, drive->driver,win-winner feel→feeling,build-→building, 以-ing结尾 mean→neaning,begin-→beginning develop-development, 以-ment结尾 agree→agreement 以-tion或 invent-→invention,decide→decision, -sion结尾 pollute-→pollution,invite→invitation 以-ress结尾 act→actress,wait→waitress fail-→failure,succeed→success, 特殊 die→death,advise→advice, choose→choice,weigh→veight 2.形容词变名词 构词法 例词 difficult→difficulty,safe→safety, 以-ty结尾 active-→activity,social-→society different-difference, 以-ce结尾 important->importance kind→kindness,il→illness, 以-ness结尾 happy→nappiness,busy→ousiness 以-h结尾 warm→warmth,true→truth 特殊 high→height,proud→pride, medical-→nedicine 3.名词变名词（表人） 构词法 例词 art→artist,violin-→violinist, 以-ist结尾 tour→tourist,piano-→pianist, science→scientist 以-an或-ian Asia→Asian,Europe→European, 结尾 music-→musician,Canada→Canadian 以-er结尾 village-→villager,fam→farmer 。即学即练 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2025·安徽阜阳重点中学一模改编)Years of competition has taught Zheng Qinwen, China's first Olympic gold win)in the tennis singles(单打)，to keep patient in matches. 2.(2025·福建南平二模改编)一Sarah has a strong mind. -Yes.Once she makes a (decide), nothing can stop her. 3.(2025·成都改编)This palace is amazing. Ancient Chinese build)never let you down.Each of them is a wonderful window into Chinese culture. 4.（2025·扬州仪征市二模)The beauty of Yangzhou attracts countless （tour) attention every year. 5.(2025·山西改编)We believe China will continue to lead the world in technology develop). 6.(2025·无锡江阴市二模改编)—Life is like a road.It isn't always smooth. -Exactly.So we should learn to deal with all kinds of difficult). 7.(2025·上海闵行区二模)We should listen to the teacher's safe )instructions during a fire drill. 8.(2023·无锡外国语学校二模)At the concert, those music)skills impressed the little boy so much. 119 专题精练 I.用所给词的适当形式填空 13.(2025·成都金牛区一模)Meng Er Dai,the 1.(2025·云南)Nowadays,thousands of foreign baby panda in Guangzhou,has quickly visit)come to China on vacation. increased its weigh)which reached 2.(2025·龙东地区)The key to 1.23 kg within a month,showing good health happy)is to see all the beauty of the world. and growth. 3.We received an (invite)to attend 14.I've never regretted the decide)to their daughter's wedding yesterday. work in West China. 4.(2025·成都改编)At the2025 World 15.(2025·上海青浦区一模改编)0 ur future Athletics Indoor Championships,Wu Yanni set happiness depends on the choose) a new national record of 8.01 seconds in the we make today. _woman)60 m hurdles. 5.(2025·白银)Qian Xuesen,father of China's 16.(2024·合肥庐江县一模)--If every one of space program,is one of the greatest us gives help and love to others,our science)in the world. social)will be a better place. 6.(2025·云南改编)We will take action to stop -I agree with you. water pollute )near the lake 17.World Health Day is used to highlight(强调) tomorrow. the (important)of personal health. 7.(2025·陕西改编)Different 18.There are three photo)on the (experience)there have opened my eyes and wall.They are very beautiful. improved my 、 (know). 19.These German have been in 8.Teachers in Western countries have a three China for many years. month)holiday in a year. 20.(2025·厦门同安区二模改编)The6 film Ne 9.(2025·无锡江阴市二模)The detective fell Zha 2 was a huge succeed and into (silent)as he was checking the received great praise from people scene. Ⅱ.词义辨析 10.(2025·成都青羊区一模改编)一The 1.(2025·连云港)The use of China's first home- museum showing Picasso's paintings received built ocean drilling(钻探)ship shows a big thousands of visitors. hole/flag/bridge/step forward in -I can understand it.After all,he's one of the greatest (art)in the world. China's deep sea exploring. 11.(2025·上海青浦区二模)The detective worked 2.(2025·安徽)David left the school pop group. hard to uncover the (true)behind Then I took over his (farm/part/role/ the mystery. sale)as the lead singer. 12.-Will you stay with us for the Dragon Boat 3.(2025·镇江丹徒区一模)As AI changes our Festival? world,YangBOT reminds us that true -Sorry,I can't.I will travel on progress/level/pride/custom )respects the (busy). past while moving toward the future. 120 4.(2025·宿迁宿豫区二模)Follow the inventions/instruments/interviews/ instructions),and you can know how to use the new type of sweeping robot. 5.(2025·马鞍山第七中学一模)In the past forty years,China has created some new wonders of the world and the Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good example/challenge/direction/choice). 6.(2025·镇江丹徒区一模)Li Ziqi,a popular influencer,helps people see the discovery/magic/secret/value )of keeping Chinese traditions alive. 7.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of knowledge/ energy/change/courage). 8.(2025·天津和平区二模)一Be quiet, please!I need complete care/trust/ silence/agreement)while I'm working on this problem. -Sorry.I'll turn down the music. 9.China sent up the Shenzhou-20 manned spacecraft(宇宙飞船)successfully and will prove(证明)our ability/choice/ direction)to support long-term space travel. 10.(2024·呼伦贝尔)一Asa secretary/passenger/professor/reporter),he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible. -Yes.He is always an active man. 11.(2024·青岛城阳区一模)Health is the greatest power/wealth/praise/weight) in our life.Nothing is more valuable than it. 12.（2024·淮北五校联考二模)一Nowadays Chinese ancient poems are becoming more and more popular all over the world. -That's true.It's an important part of Chinese industry/culture/environment/ invention). 13.(2024·九江瑞昌市第四中学一模)一You look very nice in that dress.Could you tell me the material/color/size/price of it? -Oh,it is cheap,only 80 yuan.You can go and buy one. 14.(2024·马鞍山花山区一模)一A robot served us dinner last night.Don't you think we are living in amazing times? -I can't agree more.The (information/technology/discovery/competition) makes our lives easier and happier. 15.(2024·合肥肥东县一模)一Should I take part in the speech competition? -You'd better not miss the choice/rule/chance/point).You can improve your speaking skills through the activity. Ⅲ.语法填空 A father was worried about his son,who was sixteen 1. (year)old but had no courage at all.So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk(和尚)to train his boy. The Buddhist monk said to the 2. boy)father,"Leave your son alone here.I'll make him a man with so much 3. courage)in a month,and a real man in another three 4. _（month)time.” Time passed by quickly.The father returned. The Buddhist monk prepared a match between his son and a strong boy. The strong boy hit the son,and his 5. tooth)were off,and he fell down.But at once the boy stood up.Several 6. （time) later,the Buddhist monk asked,"Which of the 7. _(child)is brave?” “What a shame!”the father said in a low voice."I never thought he would be so easily knocked down.” "I'm sorry that's all you see.Don't you see any more 8. different)than before? Each time he fell down,he stood up again instead of crying.That's the kind of courage you wanted him to have.” 1216.I think Chinese will be more and more popular in the future. 7.Thanks to their kindness,my Chinese is much better. 8.There is no success without effort. 核心考点突破 考点11.be as smart/clever as;catch up 2.catch up with 考点21.cleaning/to be cleaned2.togo 3.requires 考点31.is made of2.is made from3.is made in 4.are made into 5.is made by 6.is made up of 考点41.service2.to serve 考点51.similar to2.similar in 3.Their house is very similar to ours,but ours is bigger. 考点61.yourselves 2.I teach myself English./I learn English by myself. 考点71.todo 2.I'm going to have a picnic this weekend./I intend/plan to have a picnic this weekend. 考点81.fetch2.Bring3.Take4.get 9 1.disappointing 2.disappointed 3.disappoint 当堂跟踪训练 I.1.to catch 2.watering/to be watered 3.yourself 4.disappointing 5.to do 6.knives 7.agreement 8.kindness 9.to accept;invitation 10.importance 11.paintings 12.including 13.harmful 14.achievements 15.is served II.1.It's impolite to laugh at others. 2.We have to call off the trip to Beijing. 3.Thanks to the teacher's help,I solved all the problems. 4.We will continue to develop new products. 5.At the same time,you can help me with my English. 6.Mike needs to make an effort to improve his handwriting. 7.She refused to eat this kind of food. 8.Even if I failed this time,I would try again. 9.We all decided to make great progress in the new term. 10.If you don't give up,you will succeed in the end/at last. II.1.On the sidewalk in front of Helen's house. 2.Because she had knowledge of first aid and had taken a British Red Cross first aid course. 3.The ambulance team. 4.①asked②able③that 5.没有海伦使用的简单但有效的急救技能，这次事 故的结果可能会更糟。 6.Yes,because it can help them stay calm and save lives in emergencies..(答案不唯一，合理即可) 第二编语法专题突破 ◆专题一名词◆ 考点11.brushes2.leaves3.sheep4.advice 5.heroes 6.experiences;experience 考点21.person's2.minutes'3.Children's 4.Eric and Helen's 5.Lily's and Lucy's 考点31.sports shoes2.women teachers 3.80-year-old 4 1.winner 2.decision 3.buildings 4.tourists' 5.development 6.difficulties 7.safety 8.musicians' 专题精练 I.1.visitors 2.happiness 3.invitation 4.women's 5.scientists 6.pollution 7.experiences;knowledge 8.months'9.silence 10.artists 11.truth 12.business 13.weight 14.decision 15.choices 16.society 17.importance 18.photos 19.Germans 20.success II.1.step 2.role 3.progress 4.instructions 5.example 6.value 7.energy 8.silence 9.ability 10.reporter 11.wealth 12.culture 13.price 14.technology 15.chance II.1.years 2.boy's 3.courage 4.months'5.teeth 6.times 7.children 8.differences ◆专题二冠词◆ 专题精练 1.a 2.the;an 3.a;/4.The 5.The 6.The 7.an;a 8.a;the 9.the 10.a 11.an;a 12.an;the 13.an 14.the 15./;the 16.an 17./;the 18.the ◆专题三代词◆ 考点11.My;her2.mine3.herself4.its 5.themselves 6.ours 考点21.neither2.either3.both4.None5.all 6.another 7.other 8.the other 9.others 10.the others 11.nothing 12.something 13.everything 14.anything 15.nobody 16.somebody 17.anybody 18.everybody 19.a little 20.few 21.a few 22.little 考点31.it2.that3.one4.those5.it