专题02 Unit 1-8语法背默及训练-2025-2026学年七年级下学期期末复习（译林版2024）

专题02 Unit 1-8语法背默及训练 Unit1 Home 一、 数词的分类 1. 基数词 表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下： A．从1-—10 one，two，three,four，five,six，seven,eight，nine，ten． B．从 11-—19 eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen, seventeen，eighteen， nineteen 这里除 eleven， twelve, thirteen, fifteen， eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen，seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀—teen构成。 C．从 21-—99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty， forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成.表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty—one 76 seventy-six D．百位数 个数基数词形式加“hundred"，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and． 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty—eight E．千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式. F．基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。 There are hundreds of people in the hall． 大厅里有数以百计的人. G．表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示. He became a professor in his thirties．他三十多岁时成为了教授。 It was in the 1960s． 那是在二十世纪六十年代. 序数词 表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式:   A．从第一至第十九  其中，one— first， two- second， three— third, five- fifth，eight—eighth，nine-ninth，twelve— twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如： six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth B．从第二十至第九十九   整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。   twenty—-twentieth thirty——thirtieth 表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“－"和个位序数词形式一起表示。 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty—sixth 第五十六 seventy—third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C．第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示. one hundred and twenty—first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D．序数词的缩写形式 有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有. First —-lst Second ——2nd Third --3rd Fourth ——4th Sixth ——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。 E．序数词的句法功能 注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再-—”，“又——”。   We/’ll go over it a second time．   我们得再念第二遍。   We’ve tried it three times．Must we try it a fourth time？ 我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次(第四次）吗？ 另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。 the first lesson-—Lesson One   the fifth page——Page 5（five)   the twenty—first room——Room 21（twenty-one） 一、写出下列词的基数词或序数词 1.五 → 基数词 / 序数词 2.十二 → 基数词 / 序数词 3.二十 → 基数词 / 序数词 4.三十 → 基数词 / 序数词 5.一百二十三 → 基数词 6.第五 → 基数词 / 序数词 7.第十八 → 基数词 / 序数词 8.第二十一 → 基数词 / 序数词 1.five; fifth 2. twelve; twelfth 3. twenty; twentieth 4. thirty; thirtieth 5. one hundred and twenty-three 6. five; fifth 7. eighteen; eighteenth 8. twenty-one; twenty-first 二．正确形式填空 1.Today is my father’s (forty-one) birthday. 2.Peter’s birthday is on the (twelve) day of this month. 3.Teachers ’ Day is in September, the (nine) month of the year. 4.Today is her (thirty) birthday. You can see thirty candles (蜡烛) on the birthday cake. 5.Today we have eight lessons and history is the (three) one. 6.Students can find the library on the floor. (eight) 7.Quan Hongchan took part in the Asian Games (亚运会) in Hangzhou. (nineteen) 8.Today is my birthday. My classmates have a party for me. (thirteen) 9.We have (twenty) bottles of juice. 10.Old Tom lives on the (twenty-nine) floor. It’s not easy for him to go up and down. 11.Today is my father’s (forty-one) birthday. 12.Peter’s birthday is on the (twelve) day of this month. 13.Teachers ’ Day is in September, the (nine) month of the year. 14，Today is her (thirty) birthday. You can see thirty candles (蜡烛) on the birthday cake. 15.Today we have eight lessons and history is the (three) one. 16.Students can find the library on the floor. (eight) 17.Quan Hongchan took part in the Asian Games (亚运会) in Hangzhou. (nineteen) 18.Today is my birthday. My classmates have a party for me. (thirteen) 19.We have (twenty) bottles of juice. 20.Old Tom lives on the (twenty-nine) floor. It’s not easy for him to go up and down. 1.forty-first 2.twelfth 3.ninth 4.thirtieth 5.third 6.eighth 7.nineteenth/19th 8.thirteenth/13th 9.twenty 10.twenty-ninth11.twenty-second 12.sixtieth 13.nineteenth 14.millions 15.thirty-first16.fourteenth 17.nine 18.second 19.seventieth 20.first Unit2 Neighbourhood 一般将来时 1.定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 2.构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 3.基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 4.一般将来时的用法 ① 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will＋动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。 如：They will leave for Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。 Mr. Wu will teach us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。 ②“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。 Look at the black clouds! It’s going to rain. 看看这乌云！快下雨了。 【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如： Where is he going? 他去那里？ // She’s coming right away. 她马上就来。 5.以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。 will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-’ll。 1 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 如：The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。 2 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。 如：Shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？ Will you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？ 3 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。 如：It will be stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。 ④ 表示意愿。如：We will help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。 6.will 与be going to的区别 1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。 如：I’ll be eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。 2） “be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。 如：There is going to be an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。 7.一般将来时的特殊表达形式 ① be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。如： There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. ② be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。 如：They are about to leave. ③ 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。 如：Chen Hui is coming tonight. They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 4 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。 如：We’ll start if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。 I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When it comes to my birthdays, I would like to invite my friends (watch) a movie. 2. Last week, I received a wedding (invite) letter from my best friend. She will hold the wedding party in Jinling Hotel on May 1st. I am looking forward to it. 3. Grandma’ s birthday is coming. My family are (plan) to have a grand party for her because she spends most of her time on the family. 4. Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future. 5. — Jim (be) in the next basketball match? — Of course he is. We can't win without him. 6. Tomorrow I' ll visit my grandparents. I (play) chess with my grandpa. 7. Nanjing (be) cloudy with the temperatures from 15℃ to 22℃ tomorrow. 8. —I (give) a speech in tomorrow's talk, but I feel so nervous. — You have prepared very well. Just calm down and be confident. 9. Jimmy (not go) to the cinema this evening because he has lots of homework to do. 10.— How terrible the disaster is! Many people are badly hurt and lose their homes. —I'm sure things (turn) out fine because many soldiers are trying to help them. 11. It's cloudy today. I think it (rain) soon. 12.— Who (speak) at tomorrow's meeting? —I think Mr. Green is. 13. Your parents (be) angry if they (know) all these. 1. to watch 2. invitation 3. planning4. will take 5. Is; going to be6. will/ am going to play 7. will be8. will give 9. is not going to go/ won't go10. will turn 11.. is going to rain12. is going to speak13. will be; know Unit 3 My hometown 冠词的用法 冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某个人或物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某个人或物。 1、不定冠词a/an a/an用在表示“一”的概念，但不强调数目概念。我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。“a/an + 单数名词”表示“一个…”或“某一…”。 (1) 表示“一个”，相当于one，指某人或某物 I have a new computer. 我有一台新电脑。 (2) 代表一类人或物 A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切东西的工具。 (3) 用于一些习惯用语中。如a lot of许多；a little 少量；a kind of 一类。 注意：以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a，以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用an元音音素不等同于元音字母。 I want a pear. I don’t want an apple. 我想要一个梨。我不想要一个苹果。 批注：uniform和university虽然以u开头，但是发的是辅音所以用a，而hour、 honest等单词虽然以辅音字母开头但是h不发音，是元音开头，用an。 2、定冠词the 定冠词the用在谈到之前提过的某人或某物前，或特指某(些)人或物，使其区别于同类的其他人或事物，相当于this，that，these，those，可以与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。 (1) 用于表示上文已提及的人或事物。 I have a new bike. The bike is a birthday present from my uncle. 我有一辆新自行车。这辆车是我叔叔送给我的生日礼物。 (2) 用于表示谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 He is waiting for me at the school gate. 他在学校门口等我。 (3) 用于序数词和最高级前。 This is the first time for me to visit Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京旅行。 Eddie wants to live next to the biggest restaurant in Beijing. 埃迪想住在北京最大的参观旁边。 (4) 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 The Earth moves around the Sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 (5) 用于方位名词前。 Jiangsu is in the east of China. 江苏位于中国东部。 (6) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 We are going to visit the Great Wall. 我们打算去游览长城。 (7) 用于乐器名词前。 He can’t play football, but he can play the violin. 他不会踢足球，但是他会拉小提琴。 (8) 与一些形容词连用，表示一类人，是复数概念。 In China, the old live a happy life. 在中国，老人们过着幸福的生活。 (9) 用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人，是复数概念。 The Greens are having afternoon tea at present. 此刻，格林一家正在喝下午茶。 (10) 用于一些习惯用语中，如： In the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上 In the middle of…在……的中间 3、零冠词 (1) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如： China , America, Smith 中国、美国、史密斯 (2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如： This dictionary is mine. 这个字典是我的 (3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如： March, May Day, National Day 三月、五一劳动节、国庆节 Did you have supper? 你吃午饭了吗？ Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 (4)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如： Do you study physics? 你学习物理吗？ He likes playing football/chess. 他喜欢踢足球/下象棋。 (5)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如： They are workers. 他们是工人。 (6)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如： They often go to school by bus. 他们经常坐公交车上学。 批注：in a car, on the bike, take a bus, on the train/ bus需注意。 (7)某些固定词组中不用冠词。 ①名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork ②介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot 批注：in hospital 住院（因病）、 in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等）； in front of在前面，指某物体之外、in the front of在前部，指某物之内 方位介词的用法 方位介词用来表示地点、方位和位移。 含义 用法 at, in 在…… at+小地点；in+大地点 between among 在……之间 在……之中 表示两者之间，而表示在三者或三者以上的之间，要用among. above, over, on below, under 在……上方 在……下方 above表示“高于某物”，反义词为below；over表示“在垂直的正上方，不接触表面”，反义词为under；on表示“在某一平面上，相互接触” beside, next to 在……旁边 两者可互换 inside outside 在……里面 在……外面 反义词为outside，“在……外面” in front of behind 在……的前面 在……的后面 表示“在某物外部的前面”，反义词为behind；in the front of 表示“在某物内容的前面”，反义短语为at the back of… 例如：Someone is waiting for you at the school gate. 有人在校门口等你。 I live with my family in Beijing. 我和家人一起住在北京。 There is a box on the chair. 椅子上有只盒子。 Sandy sits beside/next to Kitty. 桑迪坐在基蒂旁边。 He is watching TV inside the room. 他正在房间里看电视。 There are some trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有些树。 Neil’s garden is behind his kitchen. 尼尔家的花园在厨房后面。 一．用适当的介词填空 1. He is standing me, so I must turn back to see him. 2. There are some boats the bridge. 3. Millie is reading the warm room and her brother is playing on the playground. 4. The moon was the tall tree in the east. 5. Go the bridge and you' ll find a restaurant. 1. behind 2. under 3. inside/ in4. above 5. across 二．用适当的冠词填空 6. We don't go to school on Sunday. 7. Greens will come to see you tomorrow. 8. He works in shop. shop is near his home. 9. There is “m” and “u” in the word“famous”. 10.Jim is 11-year-old boy. He likes playing cards with his friends. 6./ 7. The 8. a; The 9. an;a 10. an;/ 三．用适当的方位介词填空（in/on/under/beside/between/in front of/behind/near） 1.The ball is the chair. I can’t see it. 2.There is a park my home. I often go there. 3.The picture is the wall. 4.The bank is the supermarket and the post office. 5.She stands me. I can’t see the blackboard. 6.The cat is the box. It’s sleeping. 7.The school is the hospital. You can walk there. 8.There is a tree the house. 1.under 2. near 3. on 4. between 5. in front of 6. in 7. beside/near 8. behind Unit 4 Chinese folk art 一、名词所有格 1.’s 所有格的用法 (1)表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，如：Tom's bag（汤姆的包）。 (2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的所有关系，如：today's newspaper（今天的报纸）。 2.of 所有格的用法 用于无生命的事物，如：the door of the room（房间的门），the cover of the book（书的封面）。 3.双重所有格 构成：“of + 名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，如：a friend of my father's（我父亲的一个朋友）。 4.共同所有格和分别所有格 (1)共同所有格：表示两者或多者共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加 's ，如：Tom and Mary's room（汤姆和玛丽共有的房间）。 (2)分别所有格：表示各自拥有，每个名词都加 's ，如：Tom's and Mary's rooms（汤姆的房间和玛丽的房间）。 一、用所给名词的所有格形式填空 1.This is (Tom) new bike. 2.The (students) books are on the desk. 3. (Children) Day is on June 1st. 4.This is (Lucy and Lily) mother. They are twins. 5.These are (Lucy and Lily) rooms. They are different. 1.Tom’s 2. students’ 3. Children’s 4. Lucy and Lily’s 5. Lucy’s and Lily’s 二、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 物主代词用来表示人或物的所有关系，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。两者在用法和意义上有所区别。 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 我的 my mine 我们的 our ours 第二人称 你的 your yours 你们的 your yours 第三人称 他的 his his 她的 her hers 它的 its its 他们的/她们的/它们的 their theirs 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词是两种不同的物主代词，它们在用法和意义上有所区别。 形容词性物主代词： 放在名词前面，起修饰作用。 不能单独使用，必须与名词一起构成完整的句子。 不能与冠词 (a, an, the) 连用。 名词性物主代词： 起名词的作用，用来指代前面出现过的事物。 通常不与名词一起使用。 指代范围必须是前面出现过的事物。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I spent one (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in“Tell China's Stories” competition. 2.—I'm planning to go to the Shanghai Disneyland with my parents on May Day. —— Sounds great! I wish you would enjoy (you) trip. 3. We believe that (we) hometown will be more and more beautiful. 4. On Teachers’ Day, students usually make cards to thank (they) teachers. 5. It's about one (hour) bus ride from my home to the airport. 6. — I heard you met an old friend of (you) in the Palace Museum this morning, right? — Yes. This made both of us feel very excited. 7.The supermarket is celebrating (it) 40th birthday, so there is a discount 8. Luckily, many (tradition) art forms like Mu-lian Drama are passed on and stay alive. 9.The girl in a white dress is a friend of (he). 10.Different countries celebrate (child) Day on different days. 11.There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use (you)? 12.The seasons in our country is quite different from (they). 13.It's thirty (minute) walk from here to my school. 14. The man in black is an old French friend of my (father). 1. night's 2. your 3. our 4. their5. hour’ s 6. yours 7. its 8. traditional9. his 10. Children's 11. yours 12 theirs 13. minutes’14. father’ s Unit 5 Animal friends 形容词 　　英语中用来描述人或事物的性质、状态或特征的词叫形容词。 一．形容词的基本用法 用法 例句 作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前。 This is a new bike.这是一辆新自行车。 作表语,放在系动词be、look、turn、get、become等之后。 His mother looks very young.他的妈妈看上去很年轻。 在句中作状语,常用来说明主语的情况,通常表示原因、条件或方式。 The children came back, hungry and tired.孩子们回来了,又饿又累。 在句中作宾语补足语。 Who left the door open? 是谁把门开着的? 二．形容词作定语的位置 (1)置于被修饰的名词之前 形容词一般位于被修饰的名词之前作定语。 That's a wonderful film. 那是一部精彩的影片。 (2)置于被修饰词之后 ①表语形容词(alone、asleep、alive等)作定语时,常放在被修饰词之后。 He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today. 他是当今在世的最著名的科学家。 ②形容词修饰something、anything、nobody、everybody等复合不定代词时应后置。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你们。 情态动词can/could/may的用法 　　情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或主观设想,表示命令、可能、请求、义务、能力、需要等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词 用法 例句 can 表示一个人现在所具备的能力,意为“能够,会”。 He can speak a little English now.他现在会说一点儿英语。 用来表示请求或许可,一般常用于口语中,但它不如may正式,也不如could语气委婉,意为“可以,能”。 —Can I use your bike? 我能用你的自行车吗? —Of course. 当然可以。 表示推测,意为“可能”时,往往用于否定句或疑问句中。用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性;用于否定句中时,cannot (can't)表示“不可能”。 My father can be at home now.我父亲现在可能在家里。 He can't be there. 他不可能在那里。 could 表示一个人过去所具备的能力,意为“能够,会”。 He could read and write at the age of four.他四岁时就会读书写字了。 用于一般疑问句中,表示请求或允许,语气委婉,此时若回答表示允许别人做某事应用can。 —Could I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗? —Yes,you can./Sorry, I'm afraid you can't.是的,你可以。/对不起,恐怕你不可以。 表示推测,意为“可能”时,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。 You could be right, but I don't think you are.你可能是对的,但我认为你是错的。 may 表示一种可能性,意为“可能,也许”,其过去式是might。 The story may not be true.这个故事也许不是真的。 用来征求同意或表示许可,意为“可以”,比较正式。对含may的一般疑问句作答时,肯定回答常用“Yes,主语+can.”或“Yes,please./Of course.”;否定回答常用“No,主语+can not.”或“I'm afraid not.”。 —May I use your mobile phone? 我可以用你的手机吗? —Of course.当然可以。 一．用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The cake smells (badly). You can't eat it. 2. — Is the dictionary (help) to your English learning? — Yes, of course. 3. You'd better talk with your classmates in a (friend) way, or you will make them angry. 4. Can you find someone to fix my (break) computer? I' ll have an online course in an hour. 5. You are (luck) enough to have so many warm-hearted friends. 1. bad 2. helpful 3. friendly4. broken 5. lucky 二．根据句意用 can, can't, could 或 may填空 1. There are many interesting books in the reading room, so we do some reading there. 2.— you drive a car? — Yes, I drive a car two years ago. 3.— you play the violin? — No. But I play the piano. 4.— you please turn off the TV? — Sorry, I . I want to watch the sports news. 5. — I take this book out of the reading room? — No, you . Please read it here. 1. can 2. Can; could 3. Can; can 4. Could/ Can; can't 5. May/ Can; can't Unit 6 Beautiful landscapes 一．语法 复合不定代词 　　复合不定代词是由some-, any-, every-, no-分别与one, body, thing组合而成的。这些复合不定代词具有名词的性质,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,但不能作定语。 一．复合不定代词的构成 -one -body -thing some- someone somebody something any- anyone anybody anything every- everyone everybody everything no- no one nobody nothing 二．复合不定代词的用法 　　一般情况下,由some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中;由any-构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中;由no-构成的复合不定代词表示否定意义。 The car hit a tree or something.汽车撞上了树或别的什么东西。 Is there anybody in the fitting room?有人在试衣间吗? I have nothing to say.我没有什么说的。 注意(1)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,或希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中,用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。 Would you like something to eat? 你想要点吃的东西吗? (2)当anything表示“任何事(物),任何东西”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。 Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。 (3)复合不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 There is something wrong with my eyes. 我的眼睛出了点毛病。 Anything is OK. 什么都行。 (4)形容词或动词不定式(短语)修饰复合不定代词时,应放在复合不定代词之后。 He found something strange but interesting. 他发现了一些奇怪却有趣的事情。 Do you have anything to eat? 你有吃的东西吗? 感叹句 一．What引导的感叹句 what引导的感叹句的中心词是名词。其句式结构为: What an interesting movie(it is)!(它是)一部多么有趣的电影呀! What beautiful butterflies(they are)! (它们是)多么美丽的蝴蝶呀! What delicious food!多么美味的食物呀! 二．How引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句的中心词是形容词或副词。其句式结构为: How interesting the movie is!这部电影多有趣呀! How important a skill it is!它是多么重要的一项技能啊! How time flies!时光飞逝! 二、语法练习 选用方框内适当的不定代词(词组)填空 someone; anyone; nobody; something; anything;nothing; no one 1. The question is too difficult. can answer it. 2. There is wrong with my watch. It doesn't work. 3. — Did he say about it? — No, he said . 4. called Jim yesterday, but he was out. 5. I can't see in the reading room. 1. Nobody/ No one 2. something 3. anything; nothing 4. Someone 5. anyone B用方框中所给的内容完成下面的感叹句 What; What a; What an; How 6. wonderful garden it is! 7. sunny weather it is! 8. interesting film it is! 9. carefully the students study! 10. happy they are! 6. What a 7. What 8. What an 9. How 10. How Unit 7 Outdoor fun&Unit 8 Wonderland 一．语法 一般过去时 一．一般过去时的用法 　　一般过去时可以表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作。常和一般过去时搭配的时间状语有last night、just now、yesterday、yesterday morning、two years ago、in 1900、in the past等。 The children played football on the playground just now.那些孩子刚才在操场上踢足球。 He read an interesting story this morning.今天早上他读了一个有趣的故事。 We visited the museum three days ago. 三天前我们参观了那个博物馆。 They often played games in this yard in the past. 过去他们经常在这个院子里玩游戏。 二． 动词过去式的构成规则 (1)动词过去式的规则变化 规则 举例 一般的谓语动词后面直接加-ed ask→asked talk→talked 以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加-d arrive→arrived love→loved　 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,去掉y,再加-ied study→studied carry→carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed shop→shopped plan→planned (2)动词过去式的不规则变化 不规则变化 举例 保持不变 set→set　cut→cut 元音有变化 come→came　draw→drew 辅音有变化 lend→lent　build→built 元音、辅音均有变化 bring→brought　buy→bought 其他 am/is→was　are→were eat→ate 三． 一般过去时的句式 (1)含有be动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词(was/were)+其他. I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。 否定句 主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他. I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。 句式 结构 例句 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+was/were+其他? Why were you late for school yesterday?你昨天为什么上学迟到了? Who was late for school yesterday?昨天谁上学迟到了? (2)含有实义动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+实义动词的过去式+其他. I went to school yesterday.我昨天去上学了。 否定句 主语+didn't+实义动词的原形+其他. I didn't go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. —Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天去上学了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。 句式 结构 例句 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+实义动词的过去式+其他? How did you go to school yesterday?你昨天怎么去上学的? Who went to school yesterday?昨天谁去上学了? 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. After a long day of hiking, I was tired and (fall) asleep under the stars, listening to the crickets. 2. At the beach, we (have) a chance to build a huge sandcastle before the tide came in. 3. Before our camping trip, we planned (go) shopping for tents, sleeping bags, and flashlights. 4. When we were camping, my little brother (be) afraid of the dark, so we told him stories by the campfire. 5. Around the campfire, Dad (tell) jokes that made everyone laugh. 6. We (fly) to Hawaii for our family vacation and went snorkeling in the clear blue ocean. 7. At the outdoor gear store, we (buy) new hiking boots for our upcoming trip last week. 8. On our nature walk, we (meet) a friendly park ranger who showed us different types of trees. 9. It took me an hour (write) a letter last night. 10. They (arrive) in Beijing at 8:00 yesterday morning. 11. My uncle in Nanjing last week, but now he at home.(be) 12. Picasso's new way of painting (surprise) the art world in the 20th century. 13 — How much the new TV (cost) you when you bought it? —5,000 yuan. 14. Jim often some bread for breakfast, but he two eggs yesterday morning.(have) 15.— you (have) any lessons yesterday morning? — Yes. We had four lessons. 16.Alice jumped down the hole, fell for a long time, and then (hit) the ground. 17. Tom (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 18. His father (fly) from Paris to Rome last night. 19. — Please tell us what really happened. — Oh, I (not pay) attention, and I hit a parked car. 20. Julie often (bring) some nice food to the old people when she came to the nursing home. 21 You’ d better sleep with the doors (lock) at night. 22The woman artist didn't study at school. She taught (she). 23. Lucy (find) a wallet on the street and some money was in it. 1. fell 2. had 3. to go 4. was5. told 6. flew 7. bought 8. met 9.wrote 10.arrived11. was; is 12. surprised 13. did; cost14. has; had 15. Did; have 16. hit17. began 18. flew 19. didn't pay20. brought21 locked 22. herself23. found 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Unit 1-8语法背默及训练 Unit1 Home 一、 数词的分类 1. 基数词 表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下： A．从1-—10 one，two，three,four，five,six，seven,eight，nine，ten． B．从 11-—19 eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen, seventeen，eighteen， nineteen 这里除 eleven， twelve, thirteen, fifteen， eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen，seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀—teen构成。 C．从 21-—99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty， forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成.表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 76 D．百位数 个数基数词形式加“hundred"，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and． 101 320 648 E．千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式. F．基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。 There are people in the hall． 大厅里有数以百计的人. G．表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示. He became a professor in his  ．他三十多岁时成为了教授。 It was ． 那是在二十世纪六十年代. 序数词 表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式:   A．从第一至第十九  其中，one— first， two- second， three— third, five- fifth，eight—eighth，nine-ninth，twelve— twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如： six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth B．从第二十至第九十九   整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。   twenty—- thirty—— 表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“－"和个位序数词形式一起表示。 第三十一 第五十六 第七十三 第九十九 C．第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示. one hundred and twenty—first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D．序数词的缩写形式 有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有. First —-lst Second ——2nd Third --3rd Fourth ——4th Sixth ——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。 E．序数词的句法功能 注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再-—”，“又——”。   We/’ll go over it a second time．   我们得再念第二遍。   We’ve tried it three times．Must we try it a fourth time？ 我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次(第四次）吗？ 另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。 the first lesson-—Lesson One   the fifth page——Page 5（five)   the twenty—first room——Room 21（twenty-one） 一、写出下列词的基数词或序数词 1.五 → 基数词 / 序数词 2.十二 → 基数词 / 序数词 3.二十 → 基数词 / 序数词 4.三十 → 基数词 / 序数词 5.一百二十三 → 基数词 6.第五 → 基数词 / 序数词 7.第十八 → 基数词 / 序数词 8.第二十一 → 基数词 / 序数词 二．正确形式填空 1.Today is my father’s (forty-one) birthday. 2.Peter’s birthday is on the (twelve) day of this month. 3.Teachers ’ Day is in September, the (nine) month of the year. 4.Today is her (thirty) birthday. You can see thirty candles (蜡烛) on the birthday cake. 5.Today we have eight lessons and history is the (three) one. 6.Students can find the library on the floor. (eight) 7.Quan Hongchan took part in the Asian Games (亚运会) in Hangzhou. (nineteen) 8.Today is my birthday. My classmates have a party for me. (thirteen) 9.We have (twenty) bottles of juice. 10.Old Tom lives on the (twenty-nine) floor. It’s not easy for him to go up and down. 11.Today is my father’s (forty-one) birthday. 12.Peter’s birthday is on the (twelve) day of this month. 13.Teachers ’ Day is in September, the (nine) month of the year. 14，Today is her (thirty) birthday. You can see thirty candles (蜡烛) on the birthday cake. 15.Today we have eight lessons and history is the (three) one. 16.Students can find the library on the floor. (eight) 17.Quan Hongchan took part in the Asian Games (亚运会) in Hangzhou. (nineteen) 18.Today is my birthday. My classmates have a party for me. (thirteen) 19.We have (twenty) bottles of juice. 20.Old Tom lives on the (twenty-nine) floor. It’s not easy for him to go up and down. Unit2 Neighbourhood 一般将来时 1.定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 2.构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 3.基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 4.一般将来时的用法 ① 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will＋动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。 如：They leave for Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。 Mr. Wu teach us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。 ②“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：I buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。 Look at the black clouds! It rain. 看看这乌云！快下雨了。 【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如： Where is he going? 他去那里？ // She’s coming right away. 她马上就来。 5.以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。 will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-’ll。 1 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 如：The sun rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。 2 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。 如： we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？ Will you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？ 3 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。 如：It be stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。 ④ 表示意愿。如：We will help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。 6.will 与be going to的区别 1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。 如：I’ll be eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。 2） “be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。 如：There is going to be an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。 7.一般将来时的特殊表达形式 ① be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。如： There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. ② be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。 如：They are about to leave. ③ 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。 如：Chen Hui is coming tonight. They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 4 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。 如：We’ll start if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。 I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When it comes to my birthdays, I would like to invite my friends (watch) a movie. 2. Last week, I received a wedding (invite) letter from my best friend. She will hold the wedding party in Jinling Hotel on May 1st. I am looking forward to it. 3. Grandma’ s birthday is coming. My family are (plan) to have a grand party for her because she spends most of her time on the family. 4. Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future. 5. — Jim (be) in the next basketball match? — Of course he is. We can't win without him. 6. Tomorrow I' ll visit my grandparents. I (play) chess with my grandpa. 7. Nanjing (be) cloudy with the temperatures from 15℃ to 22℃ tomorrow. 8. —I (give) a speech in tomorrow's talk, but I feel so nervous. — You have prepared very well. Just calm down and be confident. 9. Jimmy (not go) to the cinema this evening because he has lots of homework to do. 10.— How terrible the disaster is! Many people are badly hurt and lose their homes. —I'm sure things (turn) out fine because many soldiers are trying to help them. 11. It's cloudy today. I think it (rain) soon. 12.— Who (speak) at tomorrow's meeting? —I think Mr. Green is. 13. Your parents (be) angry if they (know) all these. Unit 3 My hometown 冠词的用法 冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某个人或物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某个人或物。 1、不定冠词a/an a/an用在表示“一”的概念，但不强调数目概念。我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。“a/an + 单数名词”表示“一个…”或“某一…”。 (1) 表示“一个”，相当于one，指某人或某物 I have new computer. 我有一台新电脑。 (2) 代表一类人或物 A knife is tool for cutting with. 刀是切东西的工具。 (3) 用于一些习惯用语中。如a lot of许多；a little 少量；a kind of 一类。 注意：以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a，以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用an元音音素不等同于元音字母。 I want a pear. I don’t want apple. 我想要一个梨。我不想要一个苹果。 批注：uniform和university虽然以u开头，但是发的是辅音所以用a，而hour、 honest等单词虽然以辅音字母开头但是h不发音，是元音开头，用an。 2、定冠词the 定冠词the用在谈到之前提过的某人或某物前，或特指某(些)人或物，使其区别于同类的其他人或事物，相当于this，that，these，those，可以与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。 (1) 用于表示上文已提及的人或事物。 I have a new bike. bike is a birthday present from my uncle. 我有一辆新自行车。这辆车是我叔叔送给我的生日礼物。 (2) 用于表示谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 He is waiting for me at school gate. 他在学校门口等我。 (3) 用于序数词和最高级前。 This is first time for me to visit Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京旅行。 Eddie wants to live next to biggest restaurant in Beijing. 埃迪想住在北京最大的参观旁边。 (4) 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 The Earth moves around the Sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 (5) 用于方位名词前。 Jiangsu is in east of China. 江苏位于中国东部。 (6) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 We are going to visit Great Wall. 我们打算去游览长城。 (7) 用于乐器名词前。 He can’t play football, but he can play violin. 他不会踢足球，但是他会拉小提琴。 (8) 与一些形容词连用，表示一类人，是复数概念。 In China, the old live happy life. 在中国，老人们过着幸福的生活。 (9) 用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人，是复数概念。 Greens are having afternoon tea at present. 此刻，格林一家正在喝下午茶。 (10) 用于一些习惯用语中，如： In the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上 In the middle of…在……的中间 3、零冠词 (1) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如： China , America, Smith 中国、美国、史密斯 (2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如： This dictionary is mine. 这个字典是我的 (3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如： March, May Day, National Day 三月、五一劳动节、国庆节 Did you have supper? 你吃午饭了吗？ Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 (4)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如： Do you study physics? 你学习物理吗？ He likes playing football/chess. 他喜欢踢足球/下象棋。 (5)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如： They are workers. 他们是工人。 (6)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如： They often go to school by bus. 他们经常坐公交车上学。 批注：in a car, on the bike, take a bus, on the train/ bus需注意。 (7)某些固定词组中不用冠词。 ①名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork ②介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot 批注：in hospital 住院（因病）、 in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等）； in front of在前面，指某物体之外、in the front of在前部，指某物之内 方位介词的用法 方位介词用来表示地点、方位和位移。 含义 用法 at, in at+小地点；in+大地点 between among 表示两者之间，而表示在三者或三者以上的之间，要用among. above, over, on below, under above表示“高于某物”，反义词为below；over表示“在垂直的正上方，不接触表面”，反义词为under；on表示“在某一平面上，相互接触” beside, next to 两者可互换 inside outside 反义词为outside，“在……外面” in front of behind 表示“在某物外部的前面”，反义词为behind；in the front of 表示“在某物内容的前面”，反义短语为at the back of… 例如：Someone is waiting for you at the school gate. 有人在校门口等你。 I live with my family in Beijing. 我和家人一起住在北京。 There is a box on the chair. 椅子上有只盒子。 Sandy sits beside/next to Kitty. 桑迪坐在基蒂旁边。 He is watching TV inside the room. 他正在房间里看电视。 There are some trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有些树。 Neil’s garden is behind his kitchen. 尼尔家的花园在厨房后面。 一．用适当的介词填空 1. He is standing me, so I must turn back to see him. 2. There are some boats the bridge. 3. Millie is reading the warm room and her brother is playing on the playground. 4. The moon was the tall tree in the east. 5. Go the bridge and you' ll find a restaurant. 二．用适当的冠词填空 6. We don't go to school on Sunday. 7. Greens will come to see you tomorrow. 8. He works in shop. shop is near his home. 9. There is “m” and “u” in the word“famous”. 10.Jim is 11-year-old boy. He likes playing cards with his friends. 三．用适当的方位介词填空（in/on/under/beside/between/in front of/behind/near） 1.The ball is the chair. I can’t see it. 2.There is a park my home. I often go there. 3.The picture is the wall. 4.The bank is the supermarket and the post office. 5.She stands me. I can’t see the blackboard. 6.The cat is the box. It’s sleeping. 7.The school is the hospital. You can walk there. 8.There is a tree the house. Unit 4 Chinese folk art 一、名词所有格 1.’s 所有格的用法 (1)表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，如：Tom's bag（汤姆的包）。 (2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的所有关系，如：today's newspaper（今天的报纸）。 2.of 所有格的用法 用于无生命的事物，如：the door of the room（房间的门），the cover of the book（书的封面）。 3.双重所有格 构成：“of + 名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，如：a friend of my father's（我父亲的一个朋友）。 4.共同所有格和分别所有格 (1)共同所有格：表示两者或多者共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加 's ，如：Tom and Mary's room（汤姆和玛丽共有的房间）。 (2)分别所有格：表示各自拥有，每个名词都加 's ，如：Tom's and Mary's rooms（汤姆的房间和玛丽的房间）。 一、用所给名词的所有格形式填空 1.This is (Tom) new bike. 2.The (students) books are on the desk. 3. (Children) Day is on June 1st. 4.This is (Lucy and Lily) mother. They are twins. 5.These are (Lucy and Lily) rooms. They are different. 二、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 物主代词用来表示人或物的所有关系，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。两者在用法和意义上有所区别。 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 我的 我们的 第二人称 你的 你们的 第三人称 他的 她的 它的 他们的/她们的/它们的 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词是两种不同的物主代词，它们在用法和意义上有所区别。 形容词性物主代词： 放在名词前面，起修饰作用。 不能单独使用，必须与名词一起构成完整的句子。 不能与冠词 (a, an, the) 连用。 名词性物主代词： 起名词的作用，用来指代前面出现过的事物。 通常不与名词一起使用。 指代范围必须是前面出现过的事物。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I spent one (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in“Tell China's Stories” competition. 2.—I'm planning to go to the Shanghai Disneyland with my parents on May Day. —— Sounds great! I wish you would enjoy (you) trip. 3. We believe that (we) hometown will be more and more beautiful. 4. On Teachers’ Day, students usually make cards to thank (they) teachers. 5. It's about one (hour) bus ride from my home to the airport. 6. — I heard you met an old friend of (you) in the Palace Museum this morning, right? — Yes. This made both of us feel very excited. 7.The supermarket is celebrating (it) 40th birthday, so there is a discount 8. Luckily, many (tradition) art forms like Mu-lian Drama are passed on and stay alive. 9.The girl in a white dress is a friend of (he). 10.Different countries celebrate (child) Day on different days. 11.There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use (you)? 12.The seasons in our country is quite different from (they). 13.It's thirty (minute) walk from here to my school. 14. The man in black is an old French friend of my (father). Unit 5 Animal friends 形容词 　　英语中用来描述人或事物的性质、状态或特征的词叫形容词。 一．形容词的基本用法 用法 例句 作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前。 This is a bike.这是一辆新自行车。 作表语,放在系动词be、look、turn、get、become等之后。 His mother looks very .他的妈妈看上去很年轻。 在句中作状语,常用来说明主语的情况,通常表示原因、条件或方式。 The children came back, and .孩子们回来了,又饿又累。 在句中作宾语补足语。 Who left the door ? 是谁把门开着的? 二．形容词作定语的位置 (1)置于被修饰的名词之前 形容词一般位于被修饰的名词之前作定语。 That's a wonderful film. 那是一部精彩的影片。 (2)置于被修饰词之后 ①表语形容词(alone、asleep、alive等)作定语时,常放在被修饰词之后。 He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today. 他是当今在世的最著名的科学家。 ②形容词修饰something、anything、nobody、everybody等复合不定代词时应后置。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你们。 情态动词can/could/may的用法 　　情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或主观设想,表示命令、可能、请求、义务、能力、需要等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词 用法 例句 can 表示一个人现在所具备的能力,意为“能够,会”。 He speak a little English now.他现在会说一点儿英语。 用来表示请求或许可,一般常用于口语中,但它不如may正式,也不如could语气委婉,意为“可以,能”。 — I use your bike? 我能用你的自行车吗? —Of course. 当然可以。 表示推测,意为“可能”时,往往用于否定句或疑问句中。用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性;用于否定句中时,cannot (can't)表示“不可能”。 My father be at home now.我父亲现在可能在家里。 He be there. 他不可能在那里。 could 表示一个人过去所具备的能力,意为“能够,会”。 He read and write at the age of four.他四岁时就会读书写字了。 用于一般疑问句中,表示请求或允许,语气委婉,此时若回答表示允许别人做某事应用can。 — I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗? —Yes,you can./Sorry, I'm afraid you can't.是的,你可以。/对不起,恐怕你不可以。 表示推测,意为“可能”时,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。 You be right, but I don't think you are.你可能是对的,但我认为你是错的。 may 表示一种可能性,意为“可能,也许”,其过去式是might。 The story not be true.这个故事也许不是真的。 用来征求同意或表示许可,意为“可以”,比较正式。对含may的一般疑问句作答时,肯定回答常用“Yes,主语+can.”或“Yes,please./Of course.”;否定回答常用“No,主语+can not.”或“I'm afraid not.”。 — I use your mobile phone? 我可以用你的手机吗? —Of course.当然可以。 一．用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The cake smells (badly). You can't eat it. 2. — Is the dictionary (help) to your English learning? — Yes, of course. 3. You'd better talk with your classmates in a (friend) way, or you will make them angry. 4. Can you find someone to fix my (break) computer? I' ll have an online course in an hour. 5. You are (luck) enough to have so many warm-hearted friends. 二．根据句意用 can, can't, could 或 may填空 1. There are many interesting books in the reading room, so we do some reading there. 2.— you drive a car? — Yes, I drive a car two years ago. 3.— you play the violin? — No. But I play the piano. 4.— you please turn off the TV? — Sorry, I . I want to watch the sports news. 5. — I take this book out of the reading room? — No, you . Please read it here. Unit 6 Beautiful landscapes 一．语法 复合不定代词 　　复合不定代词是由some-, any-, every-, no-分别与one, body, thing组合而成的。这些复合不定代词具有名词的性质,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,但不能作定语。 一．复合不定代词的构成 -one -body -thing some- someone somebody something any- anyone anybody anything every- everyone everybody everything no- no one nobody nothing 二．复合不定代词的用法 　　一般情况下,由some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中;由any-构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中;由no-构成的复合不定代词表示否定意义。 The car hit a tree or .汽车撞上了树或别的什么东西。 Is there in the fitting room?有人在试衣间吗? I have nothing to say.我没有什么说的。 注意(1)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,或希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中,用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。 Would you like to eat? 你想要点吃的东西吗? (2)当anything表示“任何事(物),任何东西”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。 knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。 (3)复合不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 There is wrong with my eyes. 我的眼睛出了点毛病。 is OK. 什么都行。 (4)形容词或动词不定式(短语)修饰复合不定代词时,应放在复合不定代词之后。 He found strange but interesting. 他发现了一些奇怪却有趣的事情。 Do you have to eat? 你有吃的东西吗? 感叹句 一．What引导的感叹句 what引导的感叹句的中心词是名词。其句式结构为: interesting movie(it is)!(它是)一部多么有趣的电影呀! beautiful butterflies(they are)! (它们是)多么美丽的蝴蝶呀! delicious food!多么美味的食物呀! 二．How引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句的中心词是形容词或副词。其句式结构为: interesting the movie is!这部电影多有趣呀! important a skill it is!它是多么重要的一项技能啊! time flies!时光飞逝! 二、语法练习 选用方框内适当的不定代词(词组)填空 someone; anyone; nobody; something; anything;nothing; no one 1. The question is too difficult. can answer it. 2. There is wrong with my watch. It doesn't work. 3. — Did he say about it? — No, he said . 4. called Jim yesterday, but he was out. 5. I can't see in the reading room. B用方框中所给的内容完成下面的感叹句 What; What a; What an; How 6. wonderful garden it is! 7. sunny weather it is! 8. interesting film it is! 9. carefully the students study! 10. happy they are! Unit 7 Outdoor fun&Unit 8 Wonderland 一．语法 一般过去时 一．一般过去时的用法 　　一般过去时可以表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作。常和一般过去时搭配的时间状语有last night、just now、yesterday、yesterday morning、two years ago、in 1900、in the past等。 The children played football on the playground just now.那些孩子刚才在操场上踢足球。 He read an interesting story this morning.今天早上他读了一个有趣的故事。 We visited the museum three days ago. 三天前我们参观了那个博物馆。 They often played games in this yard in the past. 过去他们经常在这个院子里玩游戏。 二． 动词过去式的构成规则 (1)动词过去式的规则变化 规则 举例 一般的谓语动词后面直接加 ask→asked talk→talked 以不发音的e结尾的动词, arrive→arrived love→loved　 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, study→studied carry→carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词, shop→shopped plan→planned (2)动词过去式的不规则变化 不规则变化 举例 保持不变 set→set　cut→cut 元音有变化 come→came　draw→drew 辅音有变化 lend→lent　build→built 元音、辅音均有变化 bring→brought　buy→bought 其他 am/is→was　are→were eat→ate 三． 一般过去时的句式 (1)含有be动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词(was/were)+其他. I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。 否定句 主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他. I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。 句式 结构 例句 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. — you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+was/were+其他? were you late for school yesterday?你昨天为什么上学迟到了? Who was late for school yesterday?昨天谁上学迟到了? (2)含有实义动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+实义动词的过去式+其他. I to school yesterday.我昨天去上学了。 否定句 主语+didn't+实义动词的原形+其他. I go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. — you go to school yesterday?你昨天去上学了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。 句式 结构 例句 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+实义动词的过去式+其他? did you go to school yesterday?你昨天怎么去上学的? went to school yesterday?昨天谁去上学了? 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. After a long day of hiking, I was tired and (fall) asleep under the stars, listening to the crickets. 2. At the beach, we (have) a chance to build a huge sandcastle before the tide came in. 3. Before our camping trip, we planned (go) shopping for tents, sleeping bags, and flashlights. 4. When we were camping, my little brother (be) afraid of the dark, so we told him stories by the campfire. 5. Around the campfire, Dad (tell) jokes that made everyone laugh. 6. We (fly) to Hawaii for our family vacation and went snorkeling in the clear blue ocean. 7. At the outdoor gear store, we (buy) new hiking boots for our upcoming trip last week. 8. On our nature walk, we (meet) a friendly park ranger who showed us different types of trees. 9. It took me an hour (write) a letter last night. 10. They (arrive) in Beijing at 8:00 yesterday morning. 11. My uncle in Nanjing last week, but now he at home.(be) 12. Picasso's new way of painting (surprise) the art world in the 20th century. 13 — How much the new TV (cost) you when you bought it? —5,000 yuan. 14. Jim often some bread for breakfast, but he two eggs yesterday morning.(have) 15.— you (have) any lessons yesterday morning? — Yes. We had four lessons. 16.Alice jumped down the hole, fell for a long time, and then (hit) the ground. 17. Tom (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 18. His father (fly) from Paris to Rome last night. 19. — Please tell us what really happened. — Oh, I (not pay) attention, and I hit a parked car. 20. Julie often (bring) some nice food to the old people when she came to the nursing home. 21 You’ d better sleep with the doors (lock) at night. 22The woman artist didn't study at school. She taught (she). 23. Lucy (find) a wallet on the street and some money was in it. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $