精品解析：2026届天津市耀华中学高三一模英语考试

天津市耀华中学2026届高三第一次校模拟考 英语试卷 本试卷总分共130分，考试时间100分钟。第I卷为1至9页，第II卷为9-10页。 第I卷（共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — I’m terribly sorry for spilling coffee on your vocabulary notes! — ______! I was planning to rewrite them anyway. A. Not at all B. Don’t mention it C. Go ahead D. Never mind 2. We ______ enormous problems recently with ants in the kitchen. We just can’t get rid of them. A. were having B. had C. have had D. had had 3. — The school library has introduced a new virtual reality device for history classes. — Great! We can use ______ for our project instead of renting ______. A. one; it B. it; one C. that; one D. one; that 4. — The writing competition results are out. Li Ming won the first prize! — He ______ a lot of effort into his essay. He even consulted several foreign teachers. A. might put B. could put C. should have put D. must have put 5. ______ close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area. A. To be hunted B. Having been hunted C. Being hunted D. Having hunted 6. He added a distinct ______ to his dry presentation, sharing vivid personal travel stories that drew everyone in. A. mood B. offer C. flavour D. style 7. Please make sure to back up your experiment data to the school’s cloud drive right now ______ a sudden system crash wipes out all your hard work. A. as B. where C. before D. unless 8. The community project that local volunteers designed last month ______ by residents for its great benefits. A. are being praised B. has been praised C. has praised D. have been praised 9. He accepts ______ criticism is offered, using it for his personal growth and improvement. A. whatever B. what C. whomever D. that 10. Despite the tight schedule, the project manager must ______ the potential risks before finalizing the plan. A. catch sight of B. have access to C. take account of D. give way to 11. She spent a peaceful afternoon reading in the room, with the golden sunlight ______ warm patterns on the floor. A. to cast B. cast C. having cast D. casting 12. Admittedly, young people are generally more energetic than the elders; ______, it is more likely for them to come up with new ideas. A. anyway B. hence C. nevertheless D. otherwise 13. I think the company should adopt a more ______ strategy on account of the changing market conditions we now face. A. flexible B. random C. stable D. defensive 14. He introduced me to his wife, ________ incredible support this book would not have become a reality. A. without whose B. through which C. whom D. whose 15. — I haven’t been a good brother lately. — Family is about forgiveness. ______ A. You took a leaf out of his book. B. You deserve a second chance. C. Be a rainbow in his cloud. D. It is often the case. 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I often ____16____ writing for weeks or even months, waiting for that perfect moment when my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony, letting thoughts ____17____. But that moment rarely arrived and I ____18____ putting together a hasty piece only when deadlines got really close. Then I met Sachin, a fellow PhD student equally ____19____ under the weight of a fellowship application. We made a pact: after dinner, we’d sit together with laptops open, phones ____20____. When I was tempted to scroll my phone, seeing Sachin ____21____ writing made me put it down in embarrassment and turn to my work. Our informal ____22____ soon became a habit: we ____23____ weekly 90-minute sessions and began each by naming a small, achievable goal. ____24____ stressing over an entire proposal, we only had to finish a tiny piece of it. Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress. Those small ____25____ built momentum (动力) and confidence; a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals. Writing never got as easy as I’d hoped, but it became less lonely and far more ____26____. Sachin and I noticed our peers facing similar struggles and wanted to ____27____ this experience. Two years after our first ____28____, we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students preparing their thesis proposals. Each week, a group ____29____ in a quiet seminar room: first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing, and ____30____ a reflection period. The room felt tense at first, but as people ____31____ during reflection, a sense of relief spread. Some students told us the sessions took away the ____32____ of the blank page and they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks, knowing peer support would keep them ____33____. Over 2 years, two overwhelmed students staring at blank screens has grown into a small ____34____ that makes writing less lonely. Our experience shows us that accountability, camaraderie (情谊), and a shared sense of purpose can ____35____ the barriers that make writing so frightening. 16. A. engaged in B. took up C. carried on D. put off 17. A. flow B. stay C. work D. progress 18. A. started out B. insisted on C. ended up D. went for 19. A. hidden B. melted C. exposed D. buried 20. A. away B. on C. out D. in 21. A. tired of B. concerned with C. focused on D. distracted from 22. A. agreement B. suggestion C. compromise D. mission 23. A. disciplined B. scheduled C. targeted D. issued 24. A. Apart from B. Regardless of C. Prior to D. Instead of 25. A. losses B. wins C. recipes D. tasks 26. A. faithful B. productive C. reliable D. urgent 27. A. interpret B. avoid C. share D. explore 28. A. meetup B. breakthrough C. takeoff D. checkout 29. A. ranged B. bounded C. celebrated D. gathered 30. A. immediately B. normally C. finally D. temporarily 31. A. calmed down B. opened up C. got around D. watched out 32. A. surprise B. doubt C. excitement D. fear 33. A. humble B. responsible C. influential D. cautious 34. A. society B. section C. community D. class 35. A. identify B. lower C. present D. distinguish 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When you have social anxiety, walking into a room full of people can make you feel like every eyeball in the place is boring directly into your soul, and that nothing you say will possibly be smart or funny or coherent (清楚易懂的) enough. That can trigger a series of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, such as a racing heart, blank mind or freezing. Here is a list of strategies experts share to help relieve their unease at social occasions. 1. Practice in low-stakes settings Before showing up at a networking event or your 10-year high school reunion, try making conversation with waiters, neighbors, or co-workers. These short interactions can be a low-pressure way to build self-esteem (自尊心). “Smaller, manageable social interactions don’t carry as much emotional weight,” says Kirsten Hall-Baldwin, a licensed clinical professional counselor in Chicago. “So just try to practice without feeling overwhelming pressure.” Over time, you’ll gain a sense of comfort and confidence as you venture into larger social settings. 2. Script some go-to phrases Prepare and rehearse two or three simple conversation starters you can employ when your brain starts sputtering (语无伦次地说). That way, “you’ll have something in your back pocket to continue the conversation,” says Caroline Fenkel, chief clinical officer with the virtual mental-health platform Charlie Health. “You can keep it going without having to freeze and leave to go to the bathroom.” If you love traveling, ask people if they’ve gone on any recent vacations. 3. Use the echo technique One of the best habits for someone with social anxiety is paraphrasing what the other person said and then encouraging them to elaborate. For example, if they mention they’re struggling at work, repeat back their words with a question in your voice: “Struggling?” They’ll most likely launch into an explanation of what’s giving them a hard time. “People want to feel heard,” Hall-Baldwin says. “A lot of the time, just showing attentiveness can encourage the other person to keep sharing — and that takes some of the pressure of you to feel like you have to come up with original responses.” 4. Have an exit strategy ready The good news about social events is that they all eventually end — and your departure can arrive as soon as you’d like. You might feel better if you let your friends know from the start that you will stay only until a certain time. “It’s also a good idea to brainstorm a few ways to politely wrap up conversations,” For example: “It was really nice talking to you — I’m going to check in with Jane.” Doing so can help reduce anxiety about feeling trapped in a conversation, Hall-Baldwin says. 36. Why is it advised to practise smaller and manageable social interactions? A. Because they help remove physical symptoms of social anxiety. B. Because they allow low-risk engagement in individual comfort zone. C. To avoid low-pressure so as to do more weighty and serious topics. D. To quickly master complex dialogue skills in controlled environments. 37. Why do experts suggest preparing “go-to phrases” for social anxiety? A. To impress others with clever remarks during unexpected silence. B. To replace natural interaction with prepared dialogues entirely. C. To prevent conversational pauses caused by mental blocks. D. To shift focus from anxiety to others’ travel experiences. 38. Which strategy below involves restating another’s words and inviting further explanation? A. Practicing with strangers in high-stress environments. B. Rehearsing pre-planned openers for unexpected silences. C. Setting a time limit for events to ease departure pressure. D. Retelling others’ statements and asking them to expand. 39. Which of the following statement is supported by the text based on Strategy 4? A. You could always leave a social event once you can to avoid embarrassment. B. The best way to leave a conversation is to shift a topic and get others involved. C. Preparing some ways to politely end a conversation can make leaving easier. D. Telling your friends you have to leave early is rude and should be avoided. 40. What is the primary aim of the author in writing the article? A. To criticize misunderstandings about social anxiety. B. To share expert strategies for easing social communication. C. To analyze the psychological roots of group-related anxiety. D. To advertise a mental health platform for anxiety management. B Nick Woodman’s first start-up, launched in 1999, was a spectacular failure. He raised nearly $4 million from investors for Funbug, a gaming platform where users could win cash prizes. Unfortunately, the company collapsed within two years. “Nobody likes to fail,” Woodman later reflected. “But the worst thing was that I lost my investors’ money — people who believed in a young guy passionate about his idea. When you fail, you start to question: Are my ideas really any good?” The shame and self-doubt that accompany failure can be paralyzing (让人手足无措的) — and not without reason. In the States, roughly one in five new businesses fails within its first year. Fewer than half survive for five years. Only a third make it to a decade. Failure is a real possibility, but it doesn’t have to be the end of the story. Woodman remained committed to building his own company. A surfing enthusiast since his school days, he decided — burned out and broke after the failed start-up — to travel to Indonesia and Australia, hoping to surf and find inspiration. While watching surfers, he noticed how difficult it was for them to take photos while riding waves. That observation sparked a simple idea: a strap (带子) that would tie a camera to a surfer’s wrist. He sewed the prototypes (原型) himself, outsourced the camera modifications (改装), and eventually created the product now known around the world as GoPro. Not long after its debut at the 2004 Action Sports Retailer Convention, it caught on as an essential sports camera. What began as a humbling (令人受挫的) defeat became the foundation for a business that now generates over a billion dollars in annual revenue (营收) and is traded publicly on the NASDAQ (纳斯达克). For Woodman, the failure shaped him. “I was so afraid GoPro would go away like Funbug that I worked myself to the bone,” the American businessman said in an interview. “That’s what the first boom and bust did for me. I was so scared of failing again that I became totally committed to success.” Sometimes it takes a loss to reveal who we really are. When we are knocked out of our comfort zone, we find ourselves fighting just to survive — and in that struggle, we grow. Woodman’s story is inspiring, but in business as in life, nothing is guaranteed. Circumstances can change in an instant. When they do, the only choice is courage. Even in defeat, there is always another chance. The same sun that sets will rise again. 41. After the failure of his first start-up, Funbug, Nick Woodman ________. A. blamed his investors for not supporting him enough B. was ashamed and doubted the quality of his own ideas C. felt relieved and immediately moved on to a new idea D. stopped running his own business and focused on surfing 42. What inspired Woodman to create the product that would become GoPro? A. He saw tourists dropping their cameras in the ocean. B. He realized there was a market for waterproof cameras. C. He noticed people struggling to take pictures while surfing. D. He observed that professional surfers needed better equipment. 43. How did the failure of Funbug affect Woodman’s attitude toward work? A. It encouraged him to prioritize leisure and travel over work. B. It convinced him to seek more investors before starting a business. C. It motivated him to work with great energy to avoid another failure. D. It led him to escape investment of much time and energy in a new project. 44. Which factor probably leads to the eventual success of GoPro compared to Funbug? A. Woodman’s willingness to personally finance the new project entirely. B. His shift from digital gaming concepts to visible hardware solutions. C. His commitment and ability to turn his idea into a marketable solution. D. The strategic decision to target his new product at professional surfers. 45. What is the central message conveyed by the author through Woodman’s story? A. Success is guaranteed for those who work hard enough. B. Technological innovation is a generally accepted path to wealth. C. Business success is primarily determined by luck and timing. D. Failure serves as a test for growth and a preparation for rebirth. C Concerns about microplastics are not new. The term was coined in 2004 by marine ecologist Richard Thompson after he discovered tiny bits of plastic littering British beaches. Since then, they’ve been growing for over two decades. The world produces 400 million tons of plastic annually, and much of that material breaks down into tiny pieces that now pollute our planet. Scientists have found microplastics — fragments less than 5 millimeters wide — nearly everywhere: in the deep sea, in Arctic ice, in the air. Even inside us. A 2019 study in Environmental Science &Technology estimated humans ingest (摄入) up to 100, 000 bits of plastic each day. It’s not just the physical presence of plastic inside the body that poses a potential problem; plastic’s chemical additives might affect different species’ tissues and organs, according to a 2021 study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. However, there is disagreement in the literature as to how much microplastics harm species, including humans. Some say larger particles (微粒) may pass right through our bodies while the nanoscale pieces could enter our cells. More research is needed. Researches are working on this vast issue. In 2020, Duke University scientists created a public database to track plastic innovations. For example, the Hoola One, a rugged-terrain vacuum (全地形吸尘器), is being tested on Hawaiian beaches, which internally separates microplastics from organic materials. Hong Kong Polytechnic University researchers presented a unique idea in 2022 at the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference: a bacteria biofilm that could attract and trap microplastics at a wastewater treatment plant, before they flow into rivers and oceans. This wide range of measures could help in specific pollution hot spots, says Zoie Diana, a Duke doctoral candidate, who worked on the inventory (清单) and added 40 new inventions this year. But “if you have a technology that would capture microplastics at the industrial wastewater scale, before they enter our waterways, that would be ideal,” Diana says. That’s where Alain Marty, chief scientist at the biochemistry start-up Carbios, comes into the picture. In a 2020 Nature article, Marty and colleagues describe how they engineered an enzyme (酶) to break down plastic quickly and efficiently. Industries could employ the enzyme as part of their manufacturing processes, so that nearly all of their material could be reused to create products. “If waste has a value, then it becomes a product,” he says. “And once it’s a product, it will be collected and no longer pollute our oceans and our environment.” Marty’s discovery is a breakthrough in the right direction, though preventing microplastics by reducing our plastic use is just as important, says Diana. “We really want to turn off the tap.” 46. Which best explains the potential threat of microplastics mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. They immediately cause fatal organ failure upon ingestion. B. They are too small to be detected by current medical equipment. C. Their chemical components may interfere with biological tissues. D. They physically block the digestive systems of various marine species. 47. What can be inferred about an existing scientific insight into microplastics? A. Larger particles are considered more dangerous than tiniest ones. B. There is a unified agreement that they pose little risk to human health. C. The extent of harm depends largely on the size of the particles involved. D. Researchers have successfully developed a cure for microplastic poisoning. 48. How does the author develop the ideas in Paragraph 3? A. By making comparison. B. By presenting cases. C. By giving criticism. D. By listing facts. 49. According to the passage, what is Alain Marty’s ultimate goal regarding plastic waste? A. To increase the economic value of waste to ensure its collection and reuse. B. To design more efficient vacuum cleaners for beach cleaning. C. To relocate plastic waste to remote areas like the Arctic. D. To ban all forms of plastic production globally. 50. Which best describes the tone of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Humorous and irony, laughing at the efforts of the engineers. B. Technical and unconcerned, describing a mechanical process. C. Pessimistic and hopeless, suggesting the problem is unsolvable. D. Metaphorical and urgent, stressing the priority of source reduction. D Earlier in 2025, I had dinner in D.C. with Jensen Huang (黄仁勋), the CEO of Nvidia. At one point, he said something that struck me: “Why is everyone here so negative?” He wasn’t referring to the economy or politics, but the dominant sentiment — fear of AI. This fear often stems from exaggerated concerns that it may become sentient (能感知的), escape human oversight, and pose physical or economic threats. The AI debate is dominated by two extremes: Doomers believe AI will destroy humanity; zealots believe it will save us. Both assume AI will surpass human intelligence and slip beyond human control — views rooted more in science fiction than in science, neglecting how innovation truly works. AI realism presents a third path: technology succeeds by improving lives. Innovations like the internet, cars, and antibiotics were widely adopted because they solved real problems. AI is likely to follow the same pattern. Much of today’s debate, however, risks impulsive regulation and exploits public anxiety about a technology we are only just beginning to understand. The debate’s core conflict — between doomers and zealots — relies on a false assumption: intelligence is a single, measurable scale that machines could one day dominate. In reality, human intelligence cannot be precisely defined or measured. Metrics (衡量指标) like IQ scores or diplomas are only rough approximations; qualities like empathy, judgment, and creativity cannot be captured in a test. Intelligence is more like a continually evolving spectrum (光谱), not a final destination. As human knowledge expands, so does our understanding of intelligence. What appears advanced today may be surpassed tomorrow, a pattern we see with each new generation of AI models. AI realism is built on humility. Human life is profoundly complex and still largely beyond our full comprehension. What defines humanity is immanence (内在性) — a qualitative, lived experience that cannot be captured by the quantitative metrics AI operates on. We are not defined by data, but by our ability to create, stumble (犯错), love, and learn. AI can replicate the Pietà in flawless marble (大理石) detail, but not the meaning and purpose Michelangelo embedded (嵌入) into the sculpture. AI debates often feel shallow because they are dominated by people with unrealistic expectations. Yes, AI brings risks, like jobs shift, but history shows such shifts lead to greater prosperity. AI isn’t here to replace us; it’s here to empower us. Like the steam engine or smartphones, it extends human reach. It will never replicate the chaos and creativity of human life because it wasn’t designed to. The question is whether we will meet it with paranoia (偏执) or perspective. 51. Which of the following correctly characterizes the two mainstream extreme views on AI? A. Both agree that AI’s evolution strictly follows the laws of scientific innovation. B. Optimists trust human control over AI while pessimists fear losing human oversight. C. Both ignore the real technological evolution and believe AI will surpass humans. D. Concerns arise more from politics and economy than from AI gaining consciousness. 52. What does AI realism emphasize as the basis for technological success? A. The ability to surpass human intelligence in all domains. B. The role of solving practical problems to improve daily life. C. The need to agree with extreme predictions about future tech. D. The priority of gaining political support over public adoption. 53. Which of the following best illustrates the author’s view on the future development of AI? A. The definition of intelligence will continue to evolve with AI. B. Intelligence tests will reliably show AI’s permanent superiority. C. Human-specific qualities will prevent AI surpassing humans. D. The measurement of intelligence will slow AI’s advancement. 54. Why does the author mention Michelangelo’s Pietà in Paragraph 5? A. To highlight AI’s technical limitations in copying artistic details. B. To stress human creativity holds great significance beyond its surface. C. To argue historical art should guide modern AI development priorities. D. To suggest AI will understand the purpose behind human masterpieces. 55. What attitude of the author is implied toward humanity’s response to AI? A. Believing paranoia will prevent AI reaching its potential. B. Urging immediate integration of AI into all life aspects. C. Advocating for reasonable engagement over fear or boast. D. Viewing AI as a neutral force unaffected by human perspective. 第II卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I had wanted to be an astronomer ever since I watched Carl Sagan talk about the heavens. When I was about to finish my junior year studying astrophysics, with plans to apply for a Ph.D. in the field, I arrived at the mountaintop observatory, a tiny cabin that would be my home for the next few days. I was excited to feel like an astronomer. Unfortunately, the excitement didn’t last. As I sat alone, staring at a computer screen instead of the night sky, I had to admit: astrophysics wasn’t my calling. Panicked on returning to college, I still wanted to pursue a Ph.D. to learn more about the natural world and conduct independent research one day. But where was my future, if not in astronomy? I leaned toward interdisciplinary (跨学科的), collaborative work, recalling a quantum (量子) physics class that had fascinated me. My advisor was skeptical. I had just two weeks left to design a new thesis project, throwing away tons of astronomical data to start fresh. Yet I drafted a proposal I believed in, and to my relief, he approved it. I began to try out my communication skills, working with high school physics students and tutoring in the college physics room. I got a real charge from these experiences. Even though they meant I had to work later in the lab, I felt I had finally found my niche. I realized I wanted to be both a scientist and a communicator. After completing my quantum physics Ph.D., I found a job on quantum engineering. Now in addition to conducting research, I lecture at universities, run a summer school and work with educators. It’s not the teen dream of stargazing from a mountaintop. But as I’ve learned more about science and myself, I’ve realized that remaining open to new possibilities can be far more rewarding than sticking to a years-old dream. 56. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________ 57. Why did the author feel panicked when he returned to school? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________ 58. What made the advisor skeptical about the author’s decision on his thesis project? (no more than 15 words) _____________________________________________________________ 59. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 4? (no more than 2 words) _____________________________________________________________ 60. Do you think it is necessary to stick to your childhood dreams? Please give your reason. (no more than 20 words) _____________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学学生李津。你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“My Vision for the Age of Majority”的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点提示，撰写一篇参赛演讲稿： （1）简述成年（18岁）对你的意义（如权利、责任等）； （2）你对成年后的初步规划（如学业、生活等）； （3）你现阶段为将来要做的准备…… 注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数； （3）可以适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 My Vision For The Age of Majority Good morning, everyone! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市耀华中学2026届高三第一次校模拟考 英语试卷 本试卷总分共130分，考试时间100分钟。第I卷为1至9页，第II卷为9-10页。 第I卷（共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — I’m terribly sorry for spilling coffee on your vocabulary notes! — ______! I was planning to rewrite them anyway. A. Not at all B. Don’t mention it C. Go ahead D. Never mind 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——非常抱歉把咖啡洒在你的词汇笔记上了！——没关系！反正我正打算重写它们。Not at all(没关系，别客气)；Don’t mention it(别客气)；Go ahead(去吧)；Never mind(没关系)。第一句中“I’m terribly sorry...”表示道歉，答语应表示原谅或不介意。 2. We ______ enormous problems recently with ants in the kitchen. We just can’t get rid of them. A. were having B. had C. have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：最近我们厨房里遇到了严重的蚂蚁问题。我们就是无法摆脱它们。句中带有时间状语recently（最近），且后半句“We just can’t get rid of them.”使用的是一般现在时，说明厨房里有蚂蚁这个问题从过去发生并一直持续到现在，对现在依然有影响，因此空格处应使用现在完成时。 3. — The school library has introduced a new virtual reality device for history classes. — Great! We can use ______ for our project instead of renting ______. A. one; it B. it; one C. that; one D. one; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——学校图书馆为历史课引进了一台新的虚拟现实设备。——太棒了！我们可以用它来做我们的项目，而不是去租一个。第一空特指上文提到的“a new virtual reality device”，表示同名同物，应用代词it；第二空泛指同类事物中的“一个”，表示同名异物，应用代词one。 4. — The writing competition results are out. Li Ming won the first prize! — He ______ a lot of effort into his essay. He even consulted several foreign teachers. A. might put B. could put C. should have put D. must have put 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——写作比赛结果出来了。李明得了一等奖！——他一定在文章上投入了很多精力。他甚至请教了几位外教。根据前文李明获得一等奖以及后文他请教了几位外教可知，此处是对过去事情的肯定推测，表示他当时一定在文章上投入了很多精力，应用must have done。 5. ______ close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area. A. To be hunted B. Having been hunted C. Being hunted D. Having hunted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管曾经被猎杀到濒临灭绝，犀牛在这个地区又一次变得常见了。设空处在句中作状语，逻辑主语the rhino与动词hunt“猎杀”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且“被猎杀”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词is之前，用现在分词的完成被动式Having been done。 6. He added a distinct ______ to his dry presentation, sharing vivid personal travel stories that drew everyone in. A. mood B. offer C. flavour D. style 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：他在枯燥的演讲中加入了一种独特的趣味，分享了生动的个人旅行故事，吸引了所有人。A. mood情绪；B. offer提议；C. flavour风味；D. style风格。句子前半部分“He added a distinct ______ to his dry presentation”和后半部分“sharing vivid personal travel stories that drew everyone in ”，说明句子要表达的是“给原本枯燥的演讲增添了趣味性和吸引力”，flavour最能体现这种“为平淡事物注入独特魅力”的含义。 7. Please make sure to back up your experiment data to the school’s cloud drive right now ______ a sudden system crash wipes out all your hard work. A. as B. where C. before D. unless 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：请务必现在就把你的实验数据备份到学校的云盘，以免突然的系统崩溃抹去你所有的辛勤工作。A. as因为，当……时；B. where在……地方；C. before在……之前，以免；D. unless除非。空格处需要填入一个连词引导状语从句，before引导时间状语从句时，除了表示“在……之前”，常引申为“以免，趁……还来得及”，符合此处“马上备份以免系统崩溃”的逻辑关系。 8. The community project that local volunteers designed last month ______ by residents for its great benefits. A. are being praised B. has been praised C. has praised D. have been praised 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当地志愿者上个月设计的社区项目因其巨大的益处而受到了居民们的赞扬。空格处是主句的谓语动词，句子的主语是The community project，为单数第三人称，谓语动词需用单数形式；主语The community project与动词praise之间是被动关系，而“被赞扬”的动作是从过去持续到现在，且对现在有影响，因此用现在完成时的被动语态“has been praised”。 9. He accepts ______ criticism is offered, using it for his personal growth and improvement. A. whatever B. what C. whomever D. that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：他接受提出的任何批评，利用它来促进个人的成长和进步。动词accepts后接宾语从句。在宾语从句中，引导词需要修饰名词criticism作定语，且根据语境表示“任何……”的含义。可以用whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作定语修饰criticism，意为“无论什么……，任何……”。 10. Despite the tight schedule, the project manager must ______ the potential risks before finalizing the plan. A. catch sight of B. have access to C. take account of D. give way to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管日程安排很紧，项目经理在最终确定计划之前必须考虑潜在的风险。A. catch sight of看见；B. have access to有接近……的机会；C. take account of考虑；D. give way to给……让路。结合“the potential risks before finalizing the plan”可知，空格处应表达“考虑”，用take account of。 11. She spent a peaceful afternoon reading in the room, with the golden sunlight ______ warm patterns on the floor. A. to cast B. cast C. having cast D. casting 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：她在房间里度过了一个宁静的下午看书，金色的阳光在地上投下温暖的图案。本题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构。句中宾语the golden sunlight与动词cast间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。 12. Admittedly, young people are generally more energetic than the elders; ______, it is more likely for them to come up with new ideas. A. anyway B. hence C. nevertheless D. otherwise 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：诚然，年轻人通常比老年人更有活力；因此，他们更有可能想出新主意。A. anyway无论如何；B. hence因此；C. nevertheless然而；D. otherwise否则。根据题意，前半句指出年轻人更有活力，后半句表示他们更有可能想出新主意，前后两句构成因果逻辑关系，选项B符合题意。 13. I think the company should adopt a more ______ strategy on account of the changing market conditions we now face. A. flexible B. random C. stable D. defensive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：鉴于我们目前面临的不断变化的市场状况，我认为公司应该采取更灵活的策略。A. flexible灵活的；B. random随机的；C. stable稳定的；D. defensive防御性的。根据下文“the changing market conditions”可知，面对变化的市场，应采取更灵活的策略，A选项符合句意。 14. He introduced me to his wife, ________ incredible support this book would not have become a reality. A. without whose B. through which C. whom D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：他把我介绍给他的妻子，如果没有她令人难以置信的支持，这本书就不可能问世。 空处是关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是his wife，表示人，关系词在从句中作incredible support的定语，表示“她的支持”，需用whose；结合句意“没有她的支持”，且从句中this book would not have become a reality使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，可知，需要加介词without。 15. — I haven’t been a good brother lately. — Family is about forgiveness. ______ A. You took a leaf out of his book. B. You deserve a second chance. C. Be a rainbow in his cloud. D. It is often the case. 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我最近一直不是一个好哥哥。——家庭就是关于宽恕的。你值得拥有第二次机会。You took a leaf out of his book.(你效仿了他)； You deserve a second chance.(你值得拥有第二次机会)； Be a rainbow in his cloud.(在别人困难时给予希望)； It is often the case.(情况通常如此)。根据题意，答语中提到“forgiveness(宽恕)”，意在安慰对方并表示愿意原谅，给予对方改过的机会。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I often ____16____ writing for weeks or even months, waiting for that perfect moment when my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony, letting thoughts ____17____. But that moment rarely arrived and I ____18____ putting together a hasty piece only when deadlines got really close. Then I met Sachin, a fellow PhD student equally ____19____ under the weight of a fellowship application. We made a pact: after dinner, we’d sit together with laptops open, phones ____20____. When I was tempted to scroll my phone, seeing Sachin ____21____ writing made me put it down in embarrassment and turn to my work. Our informal ____22____ soon became a habit: we ____23____ weekly 90-minute sessions and began each by naming a small, achievable goal. ____24____ stressing over an entire proposal, we only had to finish a tiny piece of it. Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress. Those small ____25____ built momentum (动力) and confidence; a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals. Writing never got as easy as I’d hoped, but it became less lonely and far more ____26____. Sachin and I noticed our peers facing similar struggles and wanted to ____27____ this experience. Two years after our first ____28____, we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students preparing their thesis proposals. Each week, a group ____29____ in a quiet seminar room: first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing, and ____30____ a reflection period. The room felt tense at first, but as people ____31____ during reflection, a sense of relief spread. Some students told us the sessions took away the ____32____ of the blank page and they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks, knowing peer support would keep them ____33____. Over 2 years, two overwhelmed students staring at blank screens has grown into a small ____34____ that makes writing less lonely. Our experience shows us that accountability, camaraderie (情谊), and a shared sense of purpose can ____35____ the barriers that make writing so frightening. 16. A. engaged in B. took up C. carried on D. put off 17. A. flow B. stay C. work D. progress 18. A. started out B. insisted on C. ended up D. went for 19. A. hidden B. melted C. exposed D. buried 20. A. away B. on C. out D. in 21. A. tired of B. concerned with C. focused on D. distracted from 22. A. agreement B. suggestion C. compromise D. mission 23. A. disciplined B. scheduled C. targeted D. issued 24. A. Apart from B. Regardless of C. Prior to D. Instead of 25. A. losses B. wins C. recipes D. tasks 26. A. faithful B. productive C. reliable D. urgent 27. A. interpret B. avoid C. share D. explore 28. A. meetup B. breakthrough C. takeoff D. checkout 29. A. ranged B. bounded C. celebrated D. gathered 30. A. immediately B. normally C. finally D. temporarily 31. A. calmed down B. opened up C. got around D. watched out 32. A. surprise B. doubt C. excitement D. fear 33. A. humble B. responsible C. influential D. cautious 34. A. society B. section C. community D. class 35. A. identify B. lower C. present D. distinguish 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从拖延写作到与同学Sachin建立互助写作小组，最终将这一模式推广为博士生同伴协作写作社区，帮助更多人克服写作恐惧的故事。 【16题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我经常推迟写作数周甚至数月，等待那个完美的时刻——我的思想、身体和环境和谐统一，让思绪自然流淌。A. engaged in从事；B. took up开始从事；C. carried on继续；D. put off推迟。根据下文“But that moment rarely arrived”可知，作者因等待完美时刻而未能开始写作，即推迟写作。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：我经常推迟写作数周甚至数月，等待那个完美的时刻——我的思想、身体和环境和谐统一，让思绪自然流淌。A. flow流动；B. stay停留；C. work工作；D. progress进步。根据上文“When my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony”可知，和谐状态下思绪自然流动。 【18题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：但那个时刻很少到来，我最终只在截止日期临近时才匆忙拼凑出一篇。A. started out起步；B. insisted on坚持；C. ended up最终；D. went for争取。根据上文“But that moment rarely arrived”可知，理想状态未出现，作者最终只能匆忙完成。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：后来我遇到了Sachin，一位同样被奖学金申请压得喘不过气的博士生。A. hidden隐藏；B. melted融化；C. exposed暴露；D. buried埋葬。根据下文“under the weight of a fellowship application”可知，Sachin与作者一样被压力所压，be buried under表示被……压得喘不过气。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们约定：晚饭后，我们一起坐着，打开电脑，手机放到一边。A. away离开；B. on开着；C. out出去；D. in在里面。根据下文“When I was tempted to scroll my phone”可知，手机是诱惑源，需放到一边以排除干扰。 【21题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：当我忍不住想刷手机时，看到Sachin专注于写作，我尴尬地放下手机，转向我的工作。A. tired of厌倦；B. concerned with关心；C. focused on专注于；D. distracted from分心。根据上文“we’d sit together with laptops open, phones away”可知，Sachin在专注写作，这种专注对作者形成监督。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. agreement约定；B. suggestion建议；C. compromise妥协；D. mission使命。根据上文“We made a pact”可知，pact与agreement 为同义替换。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. disciplined训练；B. scheduled安排；C. targeted瞄准；D. issued发布。根据下文“weekly 90-minute sessions”可知，他们将写作时间固定安排下来。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. Apart from除了；B. Regardless of不管；C. Prior to在……之前；D. Instead of而不是。根据下文“we only had to finish a tiny piece of it”可知，小目标取代了大焦虑，为替代关系。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些小小的胜利积累了动力和信心；几句话变成了段落，然后变成了完整的提案。A. losses损失；B. wins胜利；C. recipes食谱；D. tasks任务。根据上文“Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress”可知，微小进步即胜利。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：写作从未变得像我希望的那样轻松，但它变得不再那么孤独，而且高效得多。A. faithful忠诚的；B. productive高效的；C. reliable可靠的；D. urgent紧急的。根据上文“a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals”可知，写作产出增加，即高效。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：Sachin和我注意到我们的同龄人面临着类似的困境，想要分享这种经验。A. interpret解释；B. avoid避免；C. share分享；D. explore探索。根据下文“we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students”可知，他们将经验分享给更多人。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：在我们第一次会面两年后，我们为准备论文提案的二年级博士生发起了同伴协作写作时段。A. meet up会面；B. breakthrough突破；C. takeoff起飞；D. checkout结账。根据上文“Then I met Sachin”可知，此处指代两人的初次会面。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：每周，一群人聚集在安静的研讨室里：首先，每个人设定一个小目标，然后是75分钟的专注写作，最后是一个反思时段。A. ranged排列；B. bounded跳跃；C. celebrated庆祝；D. gathered聚集。根据下文“in a quiet seminar room”可知，多人聚集在同一空间。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：每周，一群人聚集在安静的研讨室里：首先，每个人设定一个小目标，然后是75分钟的专注写作，最后是一个反思时段。A. immediately立刻；B. normally正常地；C. finally最后；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文“first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing”可知，反思时段最后进行。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：房间起初感觉很紧张，但当人们在反思中敞开心扉时，一种解脱感蔓延开来。A. calmed down平静下来；B. opened up敞开心扉；C. got around四处走动；D. watched out小心。根据下文“a sense of relief spread”可知，人们在反思中敞开心扉后压力释放。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些学生告诉我们，这些时段消除了他们对空白页的恐惧，他们利用这段时间去处理最困难的任务，知道同伴的支持会让他们保持责任感。A. surprise惊讶；B. doubt怀疑；C. excitement兴奋；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks”可知，原本回避的困难任务现在敢于面对，说明恐惧已消除。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一些学生告诉我们，这些时段消除了他们对空白页的恐惧，他们利用这段时间去处理最困难的任务，知道同伴的支持会让他们保持责任感。A. humble谦逊的；B. responsible有责任的；C. influential有影响力的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“accountability, camaraderie, and a shared sense of purpose”可知，accountability与responsible为同义呼应。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：两年多来，两个盯着空白屏幕不知所措的学生已经发展成为一个让写作不再孤独的小社区。A. society社会；B. section部分；C. community社区；D. class班级。根据上文“we launched peer co-working sessions”以及“makes writing less lonely”可知，定期集体活动形成了社区。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们的经验告诉我们，责任感、情谊和共同的目标感可以降低使写作如此可怕的障碍。A. identify识别；B. lower降低；C. present呈现；D. distinguish区分。根据上文“makes writing less lonely”可知，这些因素削弱了障碍，即降低了障碍。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When you have social anxiety, walking into a room full of people can make you feel like every eyeball in the place is boring directly into your soul, and that nothing you say will possibly be smart or funny or coherent (清楚易懂的) enough. That can trigger a series of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, such as a racing heart, blank mind or freezing. Here is a list of strategies experts share to help relieve their unease at social occasions. 1. Practice in low-stakes settings Before showing up at a networking event or your 10-year high school reunion, try making conversation with waiters, neighbors, or co-workers. These short interactions can be a low-pressure way to build self-esteem (自尊心). “Smaller, manageable social interactions don’t carry as much emotional weight,” says Kirsten Hall-Baldwin, a licensed clinical professional counselor in Chicago. “So just try to practice without feeling overwhelming pressure.” Over time, you’ll gain a sense of comfort and confidence as you venture into larger social settings. 2. Script some go-to phrases Prepare and rehearse two or three simple conversation starters you can employ when your brain starts sputtering (语无伦次地说). That way, “you’ll have something in your back pocket to continue the conversation,” says Caroline Fenkel, chief clinical officer with the virtual mental-health platform Charlie Health. “You can keep it going without having to freeze and leave to go to the bathroom.” If you love traveling, ask people if they’ve gone on any recent vacations. 3. Use the echo technique One of the best habits for someone with social anxiety is paraphrasing what the other person said and then encouraging them to elaborate. For example, if they mention they’re struggling at work, repeat back their words with a question in your voice: “Struggling?” They’ll most likely launch into an explanation of what’s giving them a hard time. “People want to feel heard,” Hall-Baldwin says. “A lot of the time, just showing attentiveness can encourage the other person to keep sharing — and that takes some of the pressure of you to feel like you have to come up with original responses.” 4. Have an exit strategy ready The good news about social events is that they all eventually end — and your departure can arrive as soon as you’d like. You might feel better if you let your friends know from the start that you will stay only until a certain time. “It’s also a good idea to brainstorm a few ways to politely wrap up conversations,” For example: “It was really nice talking to you — I’m going to check in with Jane.” Doing so can help reduce anxiety about feeling trapped in a conversation, Hall-Baldwin says. 36. Why is it advised to practise smaller and manageable social interactions? A. Because they help remove physical symptoms of social anxiety. B. Because they allow low-risk engagement in individual comfort zone. C. To avoid low-pressure so as to do more weighty and serious topics. D. To quickly master complex dialogue skills in controlled environments. 37. Why do experts suggest preparing “go-to phrases” for social anxiety? A. To impress others with clever remarks during unexpected silence. B. To replace natural interaction with prepared dialogues entirely. C. To prevent conversational pauses caused by mental blocks. D. To shift focus from anxiety to others’ travel experiences. 38. Which strategy below involves restating another’s words and inviting further explanation? A. Practicing with strangers in high-stress environments. B. Rehearsing pre-planned openers for unexpected silences. C. Setting a time limit for events to ease departure pressure. D. Retelling others’ statements and asking them to expand. 39. Which of the following statement is supported by the text based on Strategy 4? A. You could always leave a social event once you can to avoid embarrassment. B. The best way to leave a conversation is to shift a topic and get others involved. C. Preparing some ways to politely end a conversation can make leaving easier. D. Telling your friends you have to leave early is rude and should be avoided. 40. What is the primary aim of the author in writing the article? A. To criticize misunderstandings about social anxiety. B. To share expert strategies for easing social communication. C. To analyze the psychological roots of group-related anxiety. D. To advertise a mental health platform for anxiety management. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了专家分享的缓解社交焦虑的四种策略。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据1. Practice in low-stakes settings部分中“These short interactions can be a low-pressure way to build self-esteem (自尊心). “Smaller, manageable social interactions don’t carry as much emotional weight,” says Kirsten Hall-Baldwin... “So just try to practice without feeling overwhelming pressure.” (这些简短的互动可以成为建立自尊的低压力方式。Kirsten Hall-Baldwin说：“规模较小、可控的社交互动没有那么多情感负担……所以只需在感觉不到巨大压力的情况下练习。”)”可知，建议练习较小且可控的社交互动是因为它们允许在个人舒适区内进行低风险参与。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据2. Script some go-to phrases部分中“Prepare and rehearse two or three simple conversation starters you can employ when your brain starts sputtering (语无伦次地说). That way, “you’ll have something in your back pocket to continue the conversation,” says Caroline Fenkel, chief clinical officer with the virtual mental-health platform Charlie Health. “You can keep it going without having to freeze and leave to go to the bathroom.” (准备并排练两到三个简单的对话开场白，以便在你大脑开始语无伦次时使用。这样一来，“你就有备无患，可以继续对话，”虚拟心理健康平台Charlie Health的首席临床官Caroline Fenkel说。“你可以让对话继续下去，而不必僵在那里，然后躲进洗手间。”)”可知，专家建议准备“常用短语”是为了防止因思维卡顿而造成的对话暂停。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据3. Use the echo technique部分中“One of the best habits for someone with social anxiety is paraphrasing what the other person said and then encouraging them to elaborate. (对于有社交焦虑的人来说，最好的习惯之一就是复述对方所说的话，然后鼓励他们详细阐述)”可知，涉及复述对方的话并邀请对方进一步解释的策略是“回声技巧”，即“复述别人的陈述，并要求他们展开”。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据4. Have an exit strategy ready部分中“It’s also a good idea to brainstorm a few ways to politely wrap up conversations (想出几种礼貌结束对话的方法也是个好主意)”可知，“准备一些礼貌结束对话的方式可以让离开变得更容易”是基于策略4的陈述。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“When you have social anxiety, walking into a room full of people can make you feel like every eyeball in the place is boring directly into your soul, and that nothing you say will possibly be smart or funny or coherent (清楚易懂的) enough. That can trigger a series of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, such as a racing heart, blank mind or freezing. Here is a list of strategies experts share to help relieve their unease at social occasions. (当你有社交焦虑时，走进一个挤满人的房间，会让你感觉房间里每只眼睛都直勾勾地盯着你的灵魂，而你说的任何话都可能不够聪明、不够风趣，或者不够清晰易懂。这会引发一系列身体、认知和情绪上的症状，比如心跳加速、大脑一片空白或当场僵住。以下是专家分享的一些策略，帮助缓解在社交场合的不安)”和随后四个小节介绍的具体策略可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是分享缓解社交交流的专家策略。 B Nick Woodman’s first start-up, launched in 1999, was a spectacular failure. He raised nearly $4 million from investors for Funbug, a gaming platform where users could win cash prizes. Unfortunately, the company collapsed within two years. “Nobody likes to fail,” Woodman later reflected. “But the worst thing was that I lost my investors’ money — people who believed in a young guy passionate about his idea. When you fail, you start to question: Are my ideas really any good?” The shame and self-doubt that accompany failure can be paralyzing (让人手足无措的) — and not without reason. In the States, roughly one in five new businesses fails within its first year. Fewer than half survive for five years. Only a third make it to a decade. Failure is a real possibility, but it doesn’t have to be the end of the story. Woodman remained committed to building his own company. A surfing enthusiast since his school days, he decided — burned out and broke after the failed start-up — to travel to Indonesia and Australia, hoping to surf and find inspiration. While watching surfers, he noticed how difficult it was for them to take photos while riding waves. That observation sparked a simple idea: a strap (带子) that would tie a camera to a surfer’s wrist. He sewed the prototypes (原型) himself, outsourced the camera modifications (改装), and eventually created the product now known around the world as GoPro. Not long after its debut at the 2004 Action Sports Retailer Convention, it caught on as an essential sports camera. What began as a humbling (令人受挫的) defeat became the foundation for a business that now generates over a billion dollars in annual revenue (营收) and is traded publicly on the NASDAQ (纳斯达克). For Woodman, the failure shaped him. “I was so afraid GoPro would go away like Funbug that I worked myself to the bone,” the American businessman said in an interview. “That’s what the first boom and bust did for me. I was so scared of failing again that I became totally committed to success.” Sometimes it takes a loss to reveal who we really are. When we are knocked out of our comfort zone, we find ourselves fighting just to survive — and in that struggle, we grow. Woodman’s story is inspiring, but in business as in life, nothing is guaranteed. Circumstances can change in an instant. When they do, the only choice is courage. Even in defeat, there is always another chance. The same sun that sets will rise again. 41. After the failure of his first start-up, Funbug, Nick Woodman ________. A. blamed his investors for not supporting him enough B. was ashamed and doubted the quality of his own ideas C. felt relieved and immediately moved on to a new idea D. stopped running his own business and focused on surfing 42. What inspired Woodman to create the product that would become GoPro? A. He saw tourists dropping their cameras in the ocean. B. He realized there was a market for waterproof cameras. C. He noticed people struggling to take pictures while surfing. D. He observed that professional surfers needed better equipment. 43. How did the failure of Funbug affect Woodman’s attitude toward work? A. It encouraged him to prioritize leisure and travel over work. B. It convinced him to seek more investors before starting a business. C. It motivated him to work with great energy to avoid another failure. D. It led him to escape investment of much time and energy in a new project. 44. Which factor probably leads to the eventual success of GoPro compared to Funbug? A. Woodman’s willingness to personally finance the new project entirely. B. His shift from digital gaming concepts to visible hardware solutions. C. His commitment and ability to turn his idea into a marketable solution. D. The strategic decision to target his new product at professional surfers. 45. What is the central message conveyed by the author through Woodman’s story? A. Success is guaranteed for those who work hard enough. B. Technological innovation is a generally accepted path to wealth. C. Business success is primarily determined by luck and timing. D. Failure serves as a test for growth and a preparation for rebirth. 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. C 44. C 45. D 【解析】 【导语】讲述了尼克初次创业惨败，内心羞愧又自我怀疑。失意旅行中他发现冲浪拍照难题，研发出GoPro相机。过往失败鞭策他奋力拼搏，也印证失败能磨砺自我，助力东山再起。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When you fail, you start to question: Are my ideas really any good?” The shame and self-doubt that accompany failure can be paralyzing (让人手足无措的) — and not without reason.(“当你遭遇失败时，你就会开始质疑：我的想法到底好不好呢？”失败所带来的羞愧和自我怀疑可能会让人不知所措——这并非毫无缘由)”可知，在自己的第一家公司“Funbug”倒闭后，尼克·伍德曼感到羞愧，并开始怀疑自己想法是否靠谱。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“That observation sparked a simple idea: a strap (带子) that would tie a camera to a surfer’s wrist. He sewed the prototypes (原型) himself, outsourced the camera modifications (改装), and eventually created the product now known around the world as GoPro.(这一观察引发了这样一个简单的想法：设计一种带子，将摄像机固定在冲浪者的手腕上。他亲自缝制了原型产品，将相机的改装工作外包出去，最终制造出了如今享誉全球的“GoPro”产品)”可知，注意到人们在冲浪时很难拍摄到好照片促使伍德曼发明了后来成为“GoPro”品牌的这款产品。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段““I was so afraid GoPro would go away like Funbug that I worked myself to the bone,” the American businessman said in an interview. “That’s what the first boom and bust did for me. I was so scared of failing again that I became totally committed to success.”(这位美国商人在接受采访时表示：“我当时非常担心GoPro会像Funbug那样消失，所以我拼命工作。这就是那第一次的繁荣与萧条给我带来的影响。我非常害怕再次失败，因此我完全致力于追求成功。”)”可知，“Funbug”的失败促使伍德曼以极大的热情投入工作，以避免再次失败。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“That observation sparked a simple idea: a strap (带子) that would tie a camera to a surfer’s wrist. He sewed the prototypes (原型) himself, outsourced the camera modifications (改装), and eventually created the product now known around the world as GoPro.(这一观察引发了这样一个简单的想法：设计一种带子，将摄像机固定在冲浪者的手腕上。他亲自缝制了原型产品，将相机的改装工作外包出去，最终制造出了如今享誉全球的“GoPro”产品)”以及第六段““I was so afraid GoPro would go away like Funbug that I worked myself to the bone,” the American businessman said in an interview. “That’s what the first boom and bust did for me. I was so scared of failing again that I became totally committed to success.”(这位美国商人在接受采访时表示：“我当时非常担心 GoPro 会像 Funbug 那样消失，所以我拼命工作。这就是那第一次的繁荣与萧条给我带来的影响。我非常害怕再次失败，因此我完全致力于追求成功。”)”可知，与Funbug相比，促使GoPro最终取得成功的因素可能是他所展现出的坚定决心以及将自己的想法转化为具有市场价值的解决方案的能力。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sometimes it takes a loss to reveal who we really are. When we are knocked out of our comfort zone, we find ourselves fighting just to survive — and in that struggle, we grow.(有时，只有经历失败，才能让我们看清自己的真实面目。当我们被迫走出舒适区时，我们会发现自己在奋力求生——而在这一过程中，我们得以成长)”可知，作者通过伍德曼的故事所传达的核心信息是失败是成长的考验，也是重生的准备。 C Concerns about microplastics are not new. The term was coined in 2004 by marine ecologist Richard Thompson after he discovered tiny bits of plastic littering British beaches. Since then, they’ve been growing for over two decades. The world produces 400 million tons of plastic annually, and much of that material breaks down into tiny pieces that now pollute our planet. Scientists have found microplastics — fragments less than 5 millimeters wide — nearly everywhere: in the deep sea, in Arctic ice, in the air. Even inside us. A 2019 study in Environmental Science &Technology estimated humans ingest (摄入) up to 100, 000 bits of plastic each day. It’s not just the physical presence of plastic inside the body that poses a potential problem; plastic’s chemical additives might affect different species’ tissues and organs, according to a 2021 study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. However, there is disagreement in the literature as to how much microplastics harm species, including humans. Some say larger particles (微粒) may pass right through our bodies while the nanoscale pieces could enter our cells. More research is needed. Researches are working on this vast issue. In 2020, Duke University scientists created a public database to track plastic innovations. For example, the Hoola One, a rugged-terrain vacuum (全地形吸尘器), is being tested on Hawaiian beaches, which internally separates microplastics from organic materials. Hong Kong Polytechnic University researchers presented a unique idea in 2022 at the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference: a bacteria biofilm that could attract and trap microplastics at a wastewater treatment plant, before they flow into rivers and oceans. This wide range of measures could help in specific pollution hot spots, says Zoie Diana, a Duke doctoral candidate, who worked on the inventory (清单) and added 40 new inventions this year. But “if you have a technology that would capture microplastics at the industrial wastewater scale, before they enter our waterways, that would be ideal,” Diana says. That’s where Alain Marty, chief scientist at the biochemistry start-up Carbios, comes into the picture. In a 2020 Nature article, Marty and colleagues describe how they engineered an enzyme (酶) to break down plastic quickly and efficiently. Industries could employ the enzyme as part of their manufacturing processes, so that nearly all of their material could be reused to create products. “If waste has a value, then it becomes a product,” he says. “And once it’s a product, it will be collected and no longer pollute our oceans and our environment.” Marty’s discovery is a breakthrough in the right direction, though preventing microplastics by reducing our plastic use is just as important, says Diana. “We really want to turn off the tap.” 46. Which best explains the potential threat of microplastics mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. They immediately cause fatal organ failure upon ingestion. B. They are too small to be detected by current medical equipment. C. Their chemical components may interfere with biological tissues. D. They physically block the digestive systems of various marine species. 47. What can be inferred about an existing scientific insight into microplastics? A. Larger particles are considered more dangerous than tiniest ones. B. There is a unified agreement that they pose little risk to human health. C. The extent of harm depends largely on the size of the particles involved. D. Researchers have successfully developed a cure for microplastic poisoning. 48. How does the author develop the ideas in Paragraph 3? A. By making comparison. B. By presenting cases. C. By giving criticism. D. By listing facts. 49. According to the passage, what is Alain Marty’s ultimate goal regarding plastic waste? A. To increase the economic value of waste to ensure its collection and reuse. B. To design more efficient vacuum cleaners for beach cleaning. C. To relocate plastic waste to remote areas like the Arctic. D. To ban all forms of plastic production globally. 50. Which best describes the tone of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Humorous and irony, laughing at the efforts of the engineers. B. Technical and unconcerned, describing a mechanical process. C. Pessimistic and hopeless, suggesting the problem is unsolvable. D. Metaphorical and urgent, stressing the priority of source reduction. 【答案】46. C 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了微塑料污染的普遍存在、潜在危害，以及各国科研机构针对微塑料污染所开展的治理研究与相关技术探索。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s not just the physical presence of plastic inside the body that poses a potential problem; plastic’s chemical additives might affect different species’ tissues and organs, according to a 2021 study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. (根据2021年《环境毒理学与化学》的一项研究，不仅仅是塑料在体内的物理存在会造成潜在问题；塑料的化学添加剂可能会影响不同物种的组织和器官。)”可知，微塑料的潜在威胁在于其化学成分可能干扰生物组织。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Some say larger particles may pass right through our bodies while the nanoscale pieces could enter our cells. (一些人认为较大的微粒可能直接穿过我们的身体，而纳米级的微粒则可能进入我们的细胞。)”可知，微塑料对生物的危害程度很大程度上取决于微粒的大小。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, the Hoola One, a rugged-terrain vacuum, is being tested on Hawaiian beaches, which internally separates microplastics from organic materials. Hong Kong Polytechnic University researchers presented a unique idea in 2022 at the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference: a bacteria biofilm that could attract and trap microplastics at a wastewater treatment plant, before they flow into rivers and oceans. (例如，一款名为Hoola One的全地形吸尘器正在夏威夷海滩进行测试，它能在内部将微塑料与有机物质分离。香港理工大学的研究人员于2022年在微生物学会年会上提出了一个独特的想法：一种细菌生物膜，可以在微塑料流入河流和海洋之前，在污水处理厂吸引并捕获微塑料。)”可知，作者通过列举具体案例展开段落内容。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“If waste has a value, then it becomes a product. And once it’s a product, it will be collected and no longer pollute our oceans and our environment. (如果废弃物有价值，那么它就会变成一种产品。一旦它成为产品，就会被回收，不再污染我们的海洋和环境。)”可知，Alain Marty的终极目标是提升塑料废弃物的经济价值，以确保其被回收与再利用。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Marty’s discovery is a breakthrough in the right direction, though preventing microplastics by reducing our plastic use is just as important, says Diana. “We really want to turn off the tap.” (戴安娜说，马蒂的发现是朝着正确方向迈出的突破性一步，不过通过减少塑料使用来预防微塑料污染同样重要。“我们真正想要的是关掉水龙头”)”可知，turn off the tap用比喻手法指代从源头减少塑料使用与排放，语气形象且急切，强调源头减排的优先性与紧迫性。 D Earlier in 2025, I had dinner in D.C. with Jensen Huang (黄仁勋), the CEO of Nvidia. At one point, he said something that struck me: “Why is everyone here so negative?” He wasn’t referring to the economy or politics, but the dominant sentiment — fear of AI. This fear often stems from exaggerated concerns that it may become sentient (能感知的), escape human oversight, and pose physical or economic threats. The AI debate is dominated by two extremes: Doomers believe AI will destroy humanity; zealots believe it will save us. Both assume AI will surpass human intelligence and slip beyond human control — views rooted more in science fiction than in science, neglecting how innovation truly works. AI realism presents a third path: technology succeeds by improving lives. Innovations like the internet, cars, and antibiotics were widely adopted because they solved real problems. AI is likely to follow the same pattern. Much of today’s debate, however, risks impulsive regulation and exploits public anxiety about a technology we are only just beginning to understand. The debate’s core conflict — between doomers and zealots — relies on a false assumption: intelligence is a single, measurable scale that machines could one day dominate. In reality, human intelligence cannot be precisely defined or measured. Metrics (衡量指标) like IQ scores or diplomas are only rough approximations; qualities like empathy, judgment, and creativity cannot be captured in a test. Intelligence is more like a continually evolving spectrum (光谱), not a final destination. As human knowledge expands, so does our understanding of intelligence. What appears advanced today may be surpassed tomorrow, a pattern we see with each new generation of AI models. AI realism is built on humility. Human life is profoundly complex and still largely beyond our full comprehension. What defines humanity is immanence (内在性) — a qualitative, lived experience that cannot be captured by the quantitative metrics AI operates on. We are not defined by data, but by our ability to create, stumble (犯错), love, and learn. AI can replicate the Pietà in flawless marble (大理石) detail, but not the meaning and purpose Michelangelo embedded (嵌入) into the sculpture. AI debates often feel shallow because they are dominated by people with unrealistic expectations. Yes, AI brings risks, like jobs shift, but history shows such shifts lead to greater prosperity. AI isn’t here to replace us; it’s here to empower us. Like the steam engine or smartphones, it extends human reach. It will never replicate the chaos and creativity of human life because it wasn’t designed to. The question is whether we will meet it with paranoia (偏执) or perspective. 51. Which of the following correctly characterizes the two mainstream extreme views on AI? A. Both agree that AI’s evolution strictly follows the laws of scientific innovation. B. Optimists trust human control over AI while pessimists fear losing human oversight. C. Both ignore the real technological evolution and believe AI will surpass humans. D. Concerns arise more from politics and economy than from AI gaining consciousness. 52. What does AI realism emphasize as the basis for technological success? A. The ability to surpass human intelligence in all domains. B. The role of solving practical problems to improve daily life. C. The need to agree with extreme predictions about future tech. D. The priority of gaining political support over public adoption. 53. Which of the following best illustrates the author’s view on the future development of AI? A. The definition of intelligence will continue to evolve with AI. B. Intelligence tests will reliably show AI’s permanent superiority. C. Human-specific qualities will prevent AI surpassing humans. D. The measurement of intelligence will slow AI’s advancement. 54. Why does the author mention Michelangelo’s Pietà in Paragraph 5? A. To highlight AI’s technical limitations in copying artistic details. B. To stress human creativity holds great significance beyond its surface. C. To argue historical art should guide modern AI development priorities. D. To suggest AI will understand the purpose behind human masterpieces. 55. What attitude of the author is implied toward humanity’s response to AI? A. Believing paranoia will prevent AI reaching its potential. B. Urging immediate integration of AI into all life aspects. C. Advocating for reasonable engagement over fear or boast. D. Viewing AI as a neutral force unaffected by human perspective. 【答案】51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了当下人们对AI存在悲观与乐观两种极端看法，作者提倡理性看待。智慧定义不断演变AI难复刻人类情感与内涵，它旨在助力人类，人们应摒弃偏执理智应对。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Both assume AI will surpass human intelligence and slip beyond human control — views rooted more in science fiction than in science, neglecting how innovation truly works.(这两种观点都认为人工智能将超越人类智能，并脱离人类的控制——这种看法更多地是基于科幻作品而非科学事实，忽略了创新的真正运作方式)”可知，两种主流极端观点都忽略了实际的技术发展，并且都认为人工智能将会超越人类。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Innovations like the internet, cars, and antibiotics were widely adopted because they solved real problems. AI is likely to follow the same pattern.(像互联网、汽车和抗生素这类创新之所以被广泛采用，是因为它们解决了实际问题。而人工智能也很可能会遵循同样的模式)”可知，人工智能现实主义强调，技术取得成功的根本因素是解决实际问题以改善日常生活的作用。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Intelligence is more like a continually evolving spectrum (光谱), not a final destination. As human knowledge expands, so does our understanding of intelligence. What appears advanced today may be surpassed tomorrow, a pattern we see with each new generation of AI models.(智力更像是一个不断演变的光谱，而非一个最终的终点。随着人类知识的不断扩展，我们对智力的理解也在加深。今天看似先进的东西可能明天就会被超越，这种模式在每一代人工智能模型的发展中都有所体现)”可知，智能的定义将会随着人工智能的发展而不断演变最能体现作者对于人工智能未来发展的观点。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“AI realism is built on humility. Human life is profoundly complex and still largely beyond our full comprehension.(人工智能的现实主义建立在谦逊的基础之上。人类的生活极其复杂，而且在很大程度上仍超出我们的全面理解范畴)”可知，作者在第五段中提及米开朗基罗的《圣母怜子像》是为了强调人类的创造力具有超越其表面意义的重要意义。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The question is whether we will meet it with paranoia (偏执) or perspective.(问题在于，我们是会以偏执的态度去应对它，还是会以理性的视角去看待它)”可知，作者认为人类对人工智能应该倡导理性对待，而非恐惧或自夸。 第II卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I had wanted to be an astronomer ever since I watched Carl Sagan talk about the heavens. When I was about to finish my junior year studying astrophysics, with plans to apply for a Ph.D. in the field, I arrived at the mountaintop observatory, a tiny cabin that would be my home for the next few days. I was excited to feel like an astronomer. Unfortunately, the excitement didn’t last. As I sat alone, staring at a computer screen instead of the night sky, I had to admit: astrophysics wasn’t my calling. Panicked on returning to college, I still wanted to pursue a Ph.D. to learn more about the natural world and conduct independent research one day. But where was my future, if not in astronomy? I leaned toward interdisciplinary (跨学科的), collaborative work, recalling a quantum (量子) physics class that had fascinated me. My advisor was skeptical. I had just two weeks left to design a new thesis project, throwing away tons of astronomical data to start fresh. Yet I drafted a proposal I believed in, and to my relief, he approved it. I began to try out my communication skills, working with high school physics students and tutoring in the college physics room. I got a real charge from these experiences. Even though they meant I had to work later in the lab, I felt I had finally found my niche. I realized I wanted to be both a scientist and a communicator. After completing my quantum physics Ph.D., I found a job on quantum engineering. Now in addition to conducting research, I lecture at universities, run a summer school and work with educators. It’s not the teen dream of stargazing from a mountaintop. But as I’ve learned more about science and myself, I’ve realized that remaining open to new possibilities can be far more rewarding than sticking to a years-old dream. 56. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________ 57. Why did the author feel panicked when he returned to school? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________________ 58. What made the advisor skeptical about the author’s decision on his thesis project? (no more than 15 words) _____________________________________________________________ 59. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 4? (no more than 2 words) _____________________________________________________________ 60. Do you think it is necessary to stick to your childhood dreams? Please give your reason. (no more than 20 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. The author realized/found/figured out astrophysics was not his calling. / The author’s experience in the observatory affected his plan/expectation for future. / The author found the gap/difference between his dream/expectation and reality. / The author’s expectation conflicted with the reality. 57. He was not sure/not clear/ uncertain about his future /career. / He didn’t know what to pursue for his Ph.D. 58. (That) the author wasted his research data and had little time to begin a new project. / The waste of research data and lack of time to start a new project. 59. Suitable job/work; Ideal/ perfect job/position; Personalized fit. 60. No. Remaining open to new experiences and self-discovery is key. / Yes. Sticking to a long-term dream builds perseverance and leads to profound expertise. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述作者年少立志成为天文学家，实地体验后发现天体物理并非本心，迷茫后及时调整方向，转战量子物理领域，最终兼顾科研与科普，悟出不必固守旧梦，勇于变通、接纳新选择更能成就自我的人生道理。 【56题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第一段“I had to admit: astrophysics wasn’t my calling.(我不得不承认：天体物理学并非我的毕生志趣。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了作者认清天文并非自己理想职业。 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But where was my future, if not in astronomy?( 可要是不学天文，我以后该何去何从？)”可知，作者回到学校时，因看不清未来发展方向而慌乱。 【58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“My advisor was skeptical. I had just two weeks left to design a new thesis project, throwing away tons of astronomical data to start fresh.(我的导师对此持怀疑态度。我只剩两周时间拟定新的毕业论文课题，舍弃大量天文数据从头再来。)”可知，舍弃研究数据且筹备新课题时间紧迫让导师对作者更换毕业论文课题的决定心存疑虑。 【59题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据下文“I realized I wanted to be both a scientist and a communicator. After completing my quantum physics Ph.D., I found a job on quantum engineering.( 我意识到自己既想做科研人员，也想做知识传播者。拿到量子物理学博士学位后，我找到了一份量子工程相关的工作。)”可知，作者找到了契合自身兴趣与能力的发展方向。结合后文人生规划可知， niche意为“合适的工作；理想的工作/职位；契合自身的归宿；专属适配方向”。 【60题详解】 考查开放性试题。可以参考的答案是：不必。勇于尝试新事物、认清自我才最重要。/有必要。坚守长久梦想能磨练毅力，练就扎实学识。（答案不唯一，言之有理即可。） 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学学生李津。你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“My Vision for the Age of Majority”的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点提示，撰写一篇参赛演讲稿： （1）简述成年（18岁）对你的意义（如权利、责任等）； （2）你对成年后的初步规划（如学业、生活等）； （3）你现阶段为将来要做的准备…… 注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数； （3）可以适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 My Vision For The Age of Majority Good morning, everyone! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【答案】A possible version: My Vision For The Age of Majority Good morning, everyone! Reaching the age of majority at 18 is a significant milestone. For me, it means a new balance between expanded rights and deepened responsibilities. I will gain the legal freedom to make more independent choices, yet this also means I must be more responsible for their consequences, not only to myself but to my family and community. Looking ahead, I plan to pursue further studies in a field I am passionate about, laying a solid foundation for my future career. Beyond academics, I aim to cultivate essential life skills, such as financial management and maintaining a healthy work-life balance, to live my adult life with confidence. To prepare for this transition, I am focusing on the present. I am striving to excel in my current studies to keep future options open. Meanwhile, I am actively taking on more duties at home and volunteering in my community. These steps are my way of building the responsibility, adaptability, and practical wisdom needed for the journey ahead. As I see it, adulthood is not a distant shore but a path I am already beginning to walk. I will make this long walk fulfilling no matter what happens. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生写一篇演讲稿，参加学校英语俱乐部将举办的主题为“My Vision for the Age of Majority”的英语演讲比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 获得：gain→obtain 集中精力于：focus on→concentrate on 方式：way→approach 发生：happen→take place 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Beyond academics, I aim to cultivate essential life skills, such as financial management and maintaining a healthy work-life balance, to live my adult life with confidence. 拓展句：Beyond academics, I aim to cultivate essential life skills, which include financial management and maintaining a healthy work-life balance, to live my adult life with confidence. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Looking ahead, I plan to pursue further studies in a field I am passionate about, laying a solid foundation for my future career.（运用了省略了that的定语从句，现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2]To prepare for this transition, I am focusing on the present.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $