命题大赛 云南昆明市2025-2026学年高二英语上学期阶段测试Unit1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking(人教版选择性必修第一册）

昆明市高二英语上学期阶段测试 人教版选择性必修一Unit1 People of Achievement Reading & Thinking Describe people of achievement (参考答案) I. Reading Comprehension（共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分） Text A 1. D 解析：细节理解题。文章第一段前两句明确指出，Doudna在夏威夷长大，对家周围的奇异动植物着迷，这种早期好奇心引导她学习生物化学。因此，最初吸引她走上科学之路的，是童年时对自然的热爱。 2. D 解析：写作目的题。2018年基因编辑婴儿事件出现在第二段。Doudna称其为“警钟”，并强调“不能不考虑后果就往前推进”“科学走得快，道德思考必须跟上”。该例子直接引出她呼吁建立国际准则、倾听公众声音。因此，提及此事是为了警示科学中设立道德边界的必要性。 3. B 解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句明确写道，一些批评者担心CRISPR会“扩大贫富差距”，让富人能够设计外貌或智力增强的“完美”婴儿。这直接对应“加剧社会不平等”这一担忧。 4. C 解析：主旨大意题。文章前一半介绍CRISPR技术的巨大潜力，后一半着重阐述Doudna关于必须负责任地使用、建立国际伦理准则、让全人类共同决定未来的立场。C项“基因编辑：伟大力量与共同责任”精准概括了“力量”与“责任”两大核心。 Text B 5. C 解析：细节理解题。第一段提到，同事们认为她的研究是死胡同，资助机构反复拒绝她的申请，甚至一度被降职。这表明她早期职业生涯一直在为获得资金支持而苦苦挣扎，生活也极其困苦。 6. B 解析：细节理解题。第三段阐明，她和韦斯曼找到了修饰mRNA的方法，使其不会引发有害的免疫反应，巧妙的化学调整解决了之前一直导致危险炎症的问题。这就是关键突破。 7. A 解析：推理判断题。她热爱科学，不断探寻真理，体现了“curious（好奇）”；获得诺贝尔奖后仍说自己只是出于好奇而工作，不为奖项，体现了“modest（谦逊）”。文章结尾也强调伟大成就源于安静的坚持而非喧闹的野心，故A项最贴切。 8. D 解析：主旨寓意题。Karikó整个故事的核心就是：虽长期被忽视、屡遭打击，但凭着坚定的信念与坚持，最终取得改变世界的成果。这完美呼应了“有志者，事竟成”的精神。文中她劝勉年轻科学家“Keep going... the results will come”也是印证。 II. Gap-filling（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） Text A（9～18） 9. feeding 解析：介词 to 后接动名词形式。dedicate one's life to doing sth. 意为“毕生致力于做某事”。 10. commitment 解析：形容词性物主代词 his lifelong 后需接名词形式。commit → commitment（承诺；奉献）。 11. simply 解析：修饰形容词 impossible 需用副词形式。simple → simply（完全地；简直）。 12. patience 解析：介词 of 后接名词形式。patient → patience（耐心）。 13. in 解析：固定搭配 succeed in doing sth.（成功做某事）。 14. remarkable 解析：修饰名词 achievement 需用形容词形式。remark → remarkable（非凡的）。 15. Though / Although 解析：引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管获得了无数奖项，袁隆平仍保持谦逊”。句首单词首字母大写。 16. merely 解析：修饰名词短语 a farmer 需用副词形式。mere → merely（仅仅；只不过）。 17. but / yet 解析：前后句为转折关系：袁隆平于2021年去世，但他的精神遗产继续存在。 18. what 解析：连接代词引导宾语从句，作 pursue 的宾语。what seems impossible 意为“看似不可能的事情”。 Text B（19～28） 19. whose 解析：关系代词引导定语从句，修饰 Tu Youyou，表示“她的研究”。 20. thousands 解析：hundreds of thousands of 意为“数十万”。注意原文空格后已有 of，故填 thousands。 21. committed 解析：形容词，意为“尽心尽责的”，课文原词，修饰 scientist。 22. graduating 解析：介词 After 后接动名词形式。After graduating from... 意为“从……毕业后”。 23. a 解析：不定冠词，表示“一种新的疟疾疗法”。 24. evaluated 解析：一般过去时，与 examined 并列作谓语。evaluate → evaluated（评估）。 25. using 解析：动词 suggested 后接动名词作宾语。suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）。 26. but/yet 解析：根据语境，前后两个分句为转折关系。 27. Using 解析：现在分词作方式状语，句首单词首字母大写。Using a lower temperature...（用较低温度……）。 28. hearing 解析：介词 Upon 后接动名词形式。Upon hearing... 意为“一听到……”。 III. Chunks（共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分） 29. Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine → 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 30. 一位尽心尽责的科学家 → a committed scientist 31. 一位有耐心的研究者 → a patient researcher 32. 毕业于北京大学 → graduate from Peking University 33. 设定一个明确的目标 → set a clear objective 34. 起关键作用 → play a crucial / vital role 35. 查阅古代医学文献 → review ancient medical texts 36. 植物疗法 → botanical treatments 37. 评估药用特性 → evaluate medical properties 38. 显示出希望 → show promise 39. 在与疟疾的斗争中 → in the fight against malaria 40. extract a substance from sweet wormwood → 从青蒿中提取物质 41. 承认失败 → acknowledge defeat 42. 偶然发现 → discover by chance 43. 坚持做某事 → insist on doing something 44. 分析数据 → analyse the data 45. 明显的效果 → distinct effects 46. 显然破坏了药性 → apparently destroyed the properties 47. 被授予诺贝尔奖 → be awarded the Nobel Prize 48. upon hearing the news → 一听到这个消息 49. 数百万人的生命 → millions of lives 50. 一种至关重要的新疗法 → a crucial / vital new treatment 51. 研究疟疾患者 → study malaria patients 52. 担任项目负责人 → become the head of the project 53. 测试干燥的青蒿叶 → test dried wormwood leaves 54. 煮沸新鲜的青蒿 → boil fresh wormwood 55. 从中获取的液体 → the liquid obtained from this 56. 项目陷入停滞 → the project got stuck 57. 用较低的温度提取 → use a lower temperature to draw out the extract 58. a team effort → 团队的努力 59. IV. Writing task（满分15分+5分） To the Nobel Committee, As a representative of CAS, we wish to emphasize Tu Youyou's discovery of artemisinin not only as a medical breakthrough against malaria, but also as a symbol of persistence, respect for traditional Chinese medicine, and openness to global cooperation. Her work shows that valuable scientific insight can come from ancient knowledge combined with modern research. It reminds us that true science serves all humanity beyond borders and prizes. This achievement bridges cultures and encourages future cooperation among scientists worldwide further. Sincerely, A Representative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Advice from Tu Youyou to young scientists: Stay humble, work patiently, and never give up on exploring traditional knowledge with modern science. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Sheet1 高二英语·双向细目表 题号 题型 分值 试题内容 难易程度 核心素养 1 阅读理解 2.5 理解Jennifer Doudna从事科学的最初原因 容易 思维品质 2 阅读理解 2.5 理解文中提及2018年基因编辑婴儿事件的目的 中等 思维品质 3 阅读理解 2.5 理解CRISPR技术引发的主要社会担忧 中等 思维品质 4 阅读理解 2.5 选择Text A的最佳标题 中等 思维品质 5 阅读理解 2.5 理解Katalin Karikó早期职业生涯的特点 容易 语言能力 6 阅读理解 2.5 理解Karikó研究突破的关键 容易 思维品质 7 阅读理解 2.5 概括Katalin Karikó的性格特点 中等 思维品质 8 阅读理解 2.5 理解Karikó故事传达的人生启示 中等 思维品质 9 语篇填空 1.5 非谓语动词：to feed 中等 语言能力 10 语篇填空 1.5 词性转换：commitment 中等 语言能力 11 语篇填空 1.5 词性转换：simply 容易 语言能力 12 语篇填空 1.5 词性转换：patience 中等 语言能力 13 语篇填空 1.5 介词：in (succeed in) 中等 语言能力 14 语篇填空 1.5 词性转换：remarkable 中等 语言能力 15 语篇填空 1.5 连词：Though / Although 较难 思维品质 16 语篇填空 1.5 词性转换：merely 中等 语言能力 17 语篇填空 1.5 连词：but / yet 中等 语言能力 18 语篇填空 1.5 宾语从句连接词：what 较难 思维品质 19 语篇填空 1.5 定语从句关系词：whose 中等 语言能力 20 语篇填空 1.5 数词：thousands 容易 语言能力 21 语篇填空 1.5 词性转换：committed 中等 语言能力 22 语篇填空 1.5 介词后动名词：graduating 容易 语言能力 23 语篇填空 1.5 冠词：a 容易 语言能力 24 语篇填空 1.5 时态：evaluated 中等 语言能力 25 语篇填空 1.5 动名词：using 中等 语言能力 26 语篇填空 1.5 连词：but 容易 语言能力 27 语篇填空 1.5 非谓语动词：Using 中等 语言能力 28 语篇填空 1.5 介词后动名词：hearing 中等 语言能力 29 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 30 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 31 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 32 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 33 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 34 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 35 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 36 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 37 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 38 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 39 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 40 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 41 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 42 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 43 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 44 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 44 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 46 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 47 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 48 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 49 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 50 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 51 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 52 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 53 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 54 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 55 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 56 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 57 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 58 短语翻译 1 课文重点语块 容易 语言能力 59 写作 15 给诺贝尔委员会写补充信，阐述屠呦呦发现对科学精神、文化遗产和全球合作的意义 较难 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 60 写作 5 添加一句屠呦呦对年轻科学家的建议 中等 语言能力、文化意识 $ 昆明市高二英语上学期阶段测试 人教版选择性必修一Unit1 People of Achievement Reading & Thinking Describe people of achievement I. Reading Comprehension （共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Text A Jennifer Doudna never set out to change the world. Growing up in Hawaii, she was simply fascinated by the strange plants and creatures around her home. That early curiosity led her to study biochemistry, and decades later, to co-invent CRISPR-Cas9, a gene-editing (基因编辑) tool so powerful it has reshaped modern biology. CRISPR allows scientists to cut and rewrite DNA with stunning precision. The potential is enormous: curing genetic diseases, creating tougher crops, even wiping out malaria-carrying mosquitoes. It works like tiny scissors that can cut out faulty genes and put in healthy ones. For the first time in history, rewriting the code of life has become almost routine. Yet Doudna is the first to warn that such power must be handled with care. In 2018, a Chinese researcher shocked the world by announcing he had edited the genes of twin babies to make them resistant to HIV. Doudna called it a wake-up call. “We cannot just push forward without thinking about consequences,” she said. “Science moves fast, but our moral thinking has to keep up.” Since winning the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, she has used her global platform to push for clear international guidelines on gene editing. She believes scientists must listen to the public, not just follow their own ambitions. “This technology belongs to everyone,” she insists. “Its future should be decided by everyone.” Some critics fear CRISPR will widen the gap between rich and poor, allowing wealthy parents to design “perfect” babies with enhanced looks or intelligence. Doudna acknowledges these fears but remains hopeful. “Every powerful tool in history — fire, electricity, the internet — brought risks and benefits,” she wrote. “The question is whether we are wise enough to manage it.” For her, the answer lies not in banning the tool, but in shaping a future where it serves all of humanity fairly. 1. What first drew Doudna to science? A. A desire to reshape modern biology. B. Her formal education in science. C. The ambition to cure human diseases. D. Her childhood affection for nature. 2. Why are the 2018 gene-edited babies mentioned? A. To celebrate a major scientific advance. B. To show the public’s misunderstanding of CRISPR. C. To prove the limitations of current gene-editing tools. D. To warn the necessity for moral boundaries in science. 3. What is a major concern regarding CRISPR? A. It could be just used in labs. B. It may worsen social inequalities. C. It will cause global health crises. D. It might fail to cure complex diseases. 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. Scientific Research: Driven by Public Support B. Modern Biology: Changed by New Discoveries C. Gene Editing: Great Power with Shared Responsibility D. Gene Editing: New Technology Changing Modern Science Text B For most of her career, Katalin Karikó was ignored. She worked in labs far from the spotlight, studying a molecule (分子) called messenger RNA, or mRNA. Many colleagues thought her research was a dead end. Grant agencies repeatedly rejected her applications for funding. At one point, she was even removed from her position at the University of Pennsylvania. But Karikó never stopped believing in the power of mRNA. She was certain that one day it could be used to instruct cells to produce their own medicines. Born in Hungary, Karikó grew up in a small town without running water or a refrigerator. She earned a PhD in biochemistry and moved to the United States in 1985 with her husband and young daughter. They carried only about $1,200, which she had carefully sewn inside a teddy bear to get past currency restrictions. The early years in America were extremely hard. She slept in her office at times and struggled to make ends meet. Yet she pressed on, rising before dawn each day to run experiments. She was convinced that mRNA could one day teach cells to fight disease from within. Her breakthrough came in the mid-2000s, when she and colleague Drew Weissman figured out how to modify mRNA so it would not trigger a harmful immune response. Earlier attempts had always caused dangerous inflammation (炎症). Their clever chemical adjustment solved that problem. That discovery laid the foundation for the COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, which have since saved millions of lives worldwide. In 2023, Karikó and Weissman received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their transformative work. Today, Karikó is celebrated around the globe, but she remains remarkably humble. “I never worked for prizes,” she says. “I worked because I was curious about how things work.” Her story is a powerful reminder that great achievements often grow from quiet persistence rather than loud ambition. As she often tells young scientists: “Keep going. If you love what you do, the results will come. It just might take longer than you think.” 5. How was Karikó’s early career? A. She won professional recognition. B. She was driven by global fame. C. She struggled to get financial support. D. She was supported by famous universities. 6. What was the key to the breakthrough in Karikó’s research?  A. Speeding up clinical trials. B. Preventing harmful body reactions. C. Lower cost of producing mRNA. D. The discovery of a new substance. 7. Which of the following best describes Katalin Karikó?  A. Curious and modest. B. Creative and wealthy. C. Courageous and generous D. Gifted and competitive. 8. What message is conveyed by Karikó’s story? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Two heads are better than one. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. II. Gap-filling （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Text A Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice,” dedicated his life to 9.__________ (feed) the world. Born in 1930, he witnessed hunger firsthand in his youth, an experience that shaped his lifelong 10.__________ (commit) to agricultural research. At that time, many experts believed hybrid rice was 11.__________ (simple) impossible. But Yuan refused to accept this view. After years of 12.__________ (patient) and countless experiments in the fields, he succeeded 13.__________ developing the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice in the 1970s. His 14.__________ (remark) achievement transformed rice production across Asia and Africa, helping to lift millions out of hunger. 15.__________ honored with numerous awards, Yuan remained a humble man who preferred muddy boots to polished shoes. He once said, “I am 16.__________ (mere) a farmer who happens to do science.” Yuan passed away in 2021, 17.__________ his legacy lives on. His team continues to improve rice varieties, and his spirit inspires young scientists to pursue 18.__________ seems impossible. As one colleague noted, “Yuan taught us that true greatness lies in serving others.” Text B This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 19.__________ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of 20.__________ (thousand) of lives and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a 21.__________ (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo in 1930. After 22.__________ (graduate) from Peking University Medical School, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 1969, she became the head of a project whose objective was to find 23.__________ new malaria treatment. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts and 24.__________ (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties. One text from the fourth century suggested 25.__________ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat fever, 26.__________ it did not work when they tried boiling fresh wormwood. Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the texts again and found a different way. 27.__________ (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she finally found a substance that worked. After more than 190 failures, the team succeeded in 1971. Upon 28.__________ (hear) she had won the Nobel Prize, Tu Youyou said the honour belonged to her team and her country. “This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine,” she said. III. Chunks （共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分） 根据所给提示，在横线上写出对应的英文或中文短语。 29. Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine → __________ 30. 一位尽心尽责的科学家 → a __________ scientist 31. 一位有耐心的研究者 → a __________ researcher 32. 毕业于北京大学 → __________ from Peking University 33. 设定一个明确的目标 → set a clear __________ 34. 起关键作用 → play a __________ role 35. 查阅古代医学文献 → review __________ medical texts 36. 植物疗法 → __________ treatments 37. 评估药用特性 → __________ medical __________ 38. 显示出希望 → show __________ 39. 在与疟疾的斗争中 → in the fight __________ malaria 40. extract a substance from sweet wormwood → __________ 41. 承认失败 → acknowledge __________ 42. 偶然发现 → discover by __________ 43. 坚持做某事 → __________ doing something 44. 分析数据 → __________ the data 45. 明显的效果 → __________ effects 46. 显然破坏了药性 → __________ destroyed the properties 47. 被授予诺贝尔奖 → __________ the Nobel Prize 48. upon hearing the news → __________ 49. 数百万人的生命 → millions of __________ 50. 一种至关重要的新疗法 → a __________ new treatment 51. 研究疟疾患者 → study malaria __________ 52. 担任项目负责人 → become the __________ of the project 53. 测试干燥的青蒿叶 → test __________ wormwood leaves 54. 煮沸新鲜的青蒿 → __________ fresh wormwood 55. 从中获取的液体 → the liquid __________ from this 56. 项目陷入停滞 → the project got __________ 57. 用较低的温度提取 → use a __________ temperature to draw out the extract 58. a team effort → __________ IV. Writing task 59. “A Letter to the Nobel Committee — Beyond the Prize” Context: Imagine you are a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015. You have been asked to write a short supplementary letter (80–100 words) to the Nobel Committee to accompany the official award notification. Your letter should highlight the deeper meaning of Tu Youyou’s discovery — not just the scientific achievement, but also what it represents for scientific spirit, cultural heritage, and global collaboration. （满分15分） To the Nobel Committee, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, A Representative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 60. If you could add one line of advice from Tu Youyou to young scientists in this letter, what would it be? Write it below. （满分5分） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $