专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（江苏专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·二模） We all experience moments when our thoughts drift away from what we’re doing. Scientists call this "mind wandering". Past research has mostly focused on how our minds wander to memories or future plans. This “cognitive” mind wandering is linked to both creativity and distress (悲伤). However, a new study suggests we also frequently engage in “body wandering” — when spontaneous (自发的) thoughts turn to bodily sensations like our heartbeat or breath. “The effects of this have been largely overlooked,” says neuroscientist Michael Allen. To investigate, Allen’s team had 536 people lie in an MRI scanner. Afterward, they reported what was on their minds. Besides typical daydreams, many reported paying attention to bodily sensations. The MRI scans supported this, showing that “body wandering” had a different form of brain function than cognitive mind wandering. The findings revealed a complex picture. In the moment, people who reported more body wandering during the scan also reported feeling more distress. Study coauthor Leah Banellis notes that the confined (狭窄的) MRI environment might have influenced this. Yet, the broader picture told a different story. Overall, participants who tended to engage in body wandering more often in daily life showed fewer symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both conditions are often associated with excessive traditional mind wandering and poor interoception — the ability to sense one's internal bodily state. “While focusing on the body might feel unpleasant in a stressful moment, a general tendency to tune into bodily signals could have a protective effect over time, ” Banellis explains. It might help ground individuals likely to fall into harmful cycles of negative thinking A key limitation, according to peer reviewer Aaron Kucyi, is that inner thoughts were measured only once. “Mind wandering is dynamic. A single measure might miss its slight differences,” he says. “Despite this, the study is influential for potentially bridging two separate fields of research: interoception and mind wandering.” 1．What aspect of body wandering does the research focus on? A．Its effects. B．Its symptoms. C．Its causes. D．Its variety. 2．What did the MRI scans show about body wandering? A．A distinct brain activity. B．A strong personal preference. C．Greatly enhanced attention. D．Limited technological observation. 3．What did Allen’s team find about body wandering? A．It is artificial and measurable. B．It is time — saving and worthwhile. C．It leads to dangerous thoughts but healthier body. D．It causes short-term negative emotions but long-term benefits. 4．What is Aaron Kucyi’s attitude to the study? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Reserved. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家对身体走神的研究，包括其影响、大脑活动以及长期益处等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The effects of this have been largely overlooked,” says neuroscientist Michael Allen.(神经科学家迈克尔·艾伦说：“这一点的影响在很大程度上被忽视了。”)”以及后文围绕身体走神的影响展开研究可知，这项研究关注的是身体走神的影响。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The MRI scans supported this, showing that “body wandering” had a different form of brain function than cognitive mind wandering.(核磁共振扫描证实了这一点，表明“身体走神”与认知走神的大脑功能形式不同)”可知，核磁共振扫描显示身体走神有独特的大脑活动。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the moment, people who reported more body wandering during the scan also reported feeling more distress.(在扫描过程中，报告身体走神较多的人也表示感到更痛苦)”以及第五段“Overall, participants who tended to engage in body wandering more often in daily life showed fewer symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).(总体而言，在日常生活中更倾向于身体走神的参与者表现出较少的抑郁和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状)”可知，艾伦的团队发现身体走神会引起短期的负面情绪，但有长期益处。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite this, the study is influential for potentially bridging two separate fields of research: interoception and mind wandering.(尽管如此，这项研究具有影响力，因为它有可能连接两个独立的研究领域：内感受和走神)”可知，亚伦·库奇认为这项研究虽然有局限，但具有影响力，说明他对这项研究持支持态度。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京·二模） Imagine wandering through a dark forest for hours, then traveling all the way home — in a straight line. Bull ants do this every night, and scientists have long wondered how. It turns out they use a previously unknown type of Moon compass (指南针) — never seen before in the animal kingdom. To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court— to test which direction they traveled home. After comparing their separate paths, the team concluded the behavior of ants that could see moonlight was consistent with what’s called a time-compensated (时间补偿的 ) lunar compass. Essentially, the insects observe how quickly the Moon moves to estimate the relative position of their home and update that prediction with time. The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it. The discovery makes bull ants the first known animals to navigate (导航) using this type of compass. Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon. Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.” 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The process. B．The purposes. C．The background. D．The findings. 2．What helps bull ants navigate correctly according to the text? A．Their familiarity with the path to home. B．Their tolerance for the Moon’s movement. C．Their independence from time compensation. D．Their adjustment to the Moon’s speed change. 3．What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph? A．Navigating with the Moon is reliable for the bull ants. B．Bull ants’ eyes are characterized by circular patterns. C．Light pollution affects bull ants’ sense of direction. D．Bull ants can see the Moon below the horizon. 4．What does Freas think of bull ants using Moon compass? A．It’s controversial. B．It’s challenging. C．It’s mysterious. D．It’s amazing. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家发现公牛蚁利用月亮指南针导航的原理及优势。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court — to test which direction they traveled home.(为了弄清楚这一点，行为生态学家科迪·弗雷斯和他的同事们在公牛蚁离开巢穴的那一刻就抓住了它们。他们通过将公牛蚁分别放在一个透明的瓶子里或一个黑盒子里，来允许或阻止它们观察月亮。然后，他们把它们带到一个200米外的不熟悉的环境——一个废弃的篮球场——来测试它们回家的方向。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it.(月亮运动的动态速度使这一策略复杂化。它上升缓慢，在天空最高点时加速，然后在下落时减速。如果蚂蚁不考虑这一点，它们可能会被严重误导，但研究人员发现，这些昆虫有一种天生的感觉，即月亮的速度会发生变化，它们会对此进行补偿。)”可知，公牛蚁会根据月亮速度的变化进行调整，从而帮助它们正确导航。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon.(利用月亮导航有几个优点。与其他昆虫用来导航的星星不同，月亮不会被光污染所阻挡，而且它的亮度足以穿透云层。公牛蚁还有特殊的眼睛，可以看到极化的月光在天空中扩散的圆形图案，所以即使月亮在地平线以下，它们也能感知到月亮的位置。)”可知，利用月亮导航对公牛蚁来说是可靠的。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.”(弗雷斯说，这项研究让他对月亮作为导航辅助工具有了新的认识。他说：“你在月亮下待的时间越长，它就越像是一个比你最初想象的更好的帮手。”)”可知，弗雷斯认为公牛蚁使用月亮指南针是令人惊叹的。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏南通·二模） Today, concrete production accounts for roughly 8 percent of global carbon emissions, which is about a quarter of all industry carbon emissions. Fortunately, the ancient Romans might have taught us a thing or two about manufacturing concrete that lasts for thousands of years. A new study has strictly analyzed the raw materials and energy demands of the ancient recipe of Roman concrete, revealing some useful ways to improve modern cement (水泥). Surprisingly, researchers found that producing Roman concrete requires more water and more greenhouse gas emissions than commonly used concrete today. But while the initial energy costs may be higher, it may not need to be replaced or repaired as often. It’s hard to compare the longevity of Roman concrete to modern concrete, because today, many concrete buildings and structures are reinforced with steel. As steel rusts (生锈), it expands, forcing any surrounding concrete to crack and degrade in as little as a decade. By comparison, ancient Roman concrete is capable of restoring itself. This means that when cracks appear in the cement, they are naturally glued back together when water leaks in. That’s part of the water reason ancient Roman seawalls have lasted for centuries, despite the constant erosion (侵蚀) of seawater. Daniela Martinez, lead author and engineer of the University of the North in Columbia acknowledges that longer-lasting cement structures “can only partially balance out increased demand for new material,” but Roman manufacturing methods may also hold other environmental benefits. Roman concrete produces far fewer dangerous air pollutants, possibly because the limestone, the main ingredient of Roman concrete, is burned using clean wood, not fossil (化石) fuels. According to recent models, using Roman cement techniques could reduce harmful gas emissions by up to 98 percent compared to modern methods. “There are a lot of lessons that we can draw from the Romans. If we can incorporate their strategies with our modern innovative ideas, we can create a more sustainable built environment.” says Martinez. 1．How does the author present the background of the study? A．By giving examples. B．By providing statistics. C．By defining a concept. D．By describing a scene. 2．What can be inferred about Roman concrete? A．It has a short service life. B．It needs regular maintenance. C．It proves sustainable over time. D．It requires low initial energy costs. 3．Which word can best describe the property of ancient Roman concrete? A．Ever-lasting. B．Self-healing. C．Easy-cutting. D．Safe-guarding. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Green Living, A New Path. B．Carbon Crisis, A Modern Issue. C．Magic Power, A Roman Mystery. D．Ancient Recipe, A Possible Solution. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文通过对比古罗马混凝土与现代混凝土，探讨了古罗马混凝土配方对现代水泥制造的启示及其环境效益。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Today, concrete production accounts for roughly 8 percent of global carbon emissions, which is about a quarter of all industry carbon emissions.(如今，混凝土生产约占全球碳排放量的8%，约占所有工业碳排放量的四分之一)”可知，作者通过提供统计数据来呈现研究的背景。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“By comparison, ancient Roman concrete is capable of restoring itself. This means that when cracks appear in the cement, they are naturally glued back together when water leaks in. That’s part of the water reason ancient Roman seawalls have lasted for centuries, despite the constant erosion (侵蚀) of seawater.(相比之下，古罗马的混凝土能够自我修复。这意味着当水泥出现裂缝时，当水渗入时，它们会自然地粘合在一起。这就是为什么古罗马的海堤能够经受住海水的不断侵蚀，屹立数百年不倒的部分原因)”可推知，古罗马的混凝土随着时间的推移被证明是可持续的。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By comparison, ancient Roman concrete is capable of restoring itself. (相比之下，古罗马的混凝土能够自我修复。)”可知，古罗马混凝土具有自我修复的特性。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Fortunately, the ancient Romans might have taught us a thing or two about manufacturing concrete that lasts for thousands of years.(幸运的是，古罗马人可能在制造能持续数千年的混凝土方面给了我们一些启示)”以及结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了古罗马混凝土配方对现代水泥制造的启示及其环境效益。D选项“Ancient Recipe, A Possible Solution.(古老的配方，一个可能的解决方案)”最符合文章标题。 Passage 4 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Beneath the ocean’s surface lies a secret world of light. While bioluminescence — the ability of living things to produce their own light — has long interested scientists, a lesser-known phenomenon called bio-fluorescence (生物荧光) is now stealing the spotlight. Bio-fluorescence occurs when sea animals absorb light at one wavelength and send it out at another, creating vivid lights in colors like green, red, or orange. Unlike bioluminescence, which produces light through chemical reactions, bio-fluorescence depends on absorbing light from outside to glow. This natural light show is not just for beauty; it serves critical survival functions. In the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) of the Pacific, researchers observed corals sending out green under blue light. “It’s a dance of partnership guided by light,” explains marine biologist Dr. Kenji Nakamura. Without this interaction, coral bleaching (白化) — a major threat to coral ecosystems — would speed up. Another wonder comes from the Hawaiian bobtail squid (短尾乌贼). When threatened by hunters, it releases a cloud of bio-fluorescent ink. The sudden burst of light confuses attackers, buying the squid precious seconds to escape. Dr. Emily Carter who led the study notes, “This is evolution’s version of a smoke screen — but far more shining.” The discovery of GFP — green fluorescent protein (绿色荧光蛋白) — in jellyfish in 1962 revolutionized science. Researchers realized GFP could be used to mark specific cells, making invisible processes visible. Today, it lights up nerve cells in brain studies, helping map out connections in diseases like Alzheimer’s. “GFP is a window into the brain’s hidden workings,” says brain scientist Dr. Maria Gonzalez. Scientists are now copying bio-fluorescence to develop sustainable technologies. For example, fluorescent proteins inspire energy-efficient LED lighting, and bio-fluorescent markers could improve medical imaging. “Nature’s designs are blueprints for human innovation,” says materials scientist Dr. Raj Patel. Yet mysteries remain. Over 200 species of bio-fluorescent fish were recently discovered, their purposes still unclear. As submarines dive deeper, each expedition reveals new players in this beautiful underwater light show, proving that the ocean’s depths still guard ancient secrets. 1．How is bio-fluorescence different from bioluminescence? A．It is drawing less attention. B．It produces brighter lights. C．It needs an outside light source. D．It makes better use of chemical reactions. 2．What can we learn about the examples in paragraphs 3 and 4? A．They both describe light-based hunting methods. B．They both explain the formation of a close partnership. C．They both highlight potential threats to the environment. D．They both show survival functions of bio-fluorescence. 3．What is the main use of GFP in science? A．To protect corals from bleaching. B．To create more efficient LED lights. C．To treat the disease of Alzheimer’s. D．To visualize cells for better observation. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Hidden Light Show B．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Display of Beauty C．Bioluminescence: Ocean’s Ancient Magic Power D．Bioluminescence: Colourful Window into Ocean Secret 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了海洋中的生物荧光现象及绿色荧光蛋白在科学领域的应用以及基于生物荧光的可持续技术发展，最后指出海洋中仍有许多关于生物荧光的未解之谜。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike bioluminescence, which produces light through chemical reactions, bio-fluorescence depends on absorbing light from outside to glow.(与通过化学反应产生光的生物发光不同，生物荧光依赖于吸收外界的光来发光。)”可知，生物荧光需要外部光源才能发光，这是它与生物发光的核心区别。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Without this interaction, coral bleaching (白化) — a major threat to coral ecosystems — would speed up.(如果没有这种相互作用，珊瑚白化 —— 珊瑚生态系统面临的一个重大威胁 —— 将会加速。)”可知，第三段以珊瑚礁为例，说明了珊瑚的生物荧光能减缓白化速度；根据第四段“When threatened by hunters, it releases a cloud of bio-fluorescent ink. The sudden burst of light confuses attackers, buying the squid precious seconds to escape.(当受到猎人的威胁时，它会释放出一团生物荧光墨汁。突然迸发的亮光会迷惑攻击者，为乌贼争取宝贵的几秒钟时间来逃跑。)”可知，第四段以短尾乌贼为例，介绍了它的生物荧光墨水能迷惑捕食者。结合第二段“This natural light show is not just for beauty; it serves critical survival functions.(这种自然的灯光秀不仅仅是为了美观；它还具有重要的生存功能。)”可知，这两个例子均是为了说明生物荧光的生存功能。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Researchers realized GFP could be used to mark specific cells, making invisible processes visible. Today, it lights up nerve cells in brain studies, helping map out connections in diseases like Alzheimer’s.(研究人员意识到绿色荧光蛋白可以用来标记特定细胞，使看不见的过程变得可见。如今，它在大脑研究中照亮神经细胞，帮助绘制阿尔茨海默病等疾病中的神经连接。)”可知，GFP在科学中的主要用途是标记细胞使其可视化，便于观察研究。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the ocean’s surface lies a secret world of light. (海洋表面之下隐藏着一个秘密的光世界)”和最后一段“each expedition reveals new players in this beautiful underwater light show”(每次探险都揭示了这场美丽的水下灯光秀中的新角色)”及文章内容可知，全文围绕“生物荧光”展开，介绍了其原理、生存功能、科学应用和未解之谜，故“生物荧光：大自然隐藏的灯光秀”最能概括全文内容。 Passage 5 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Aurora Nikula, 5, is having a normal day at her nursery. She is making a cake out of sand and mud, adding in make-believe carrots, potatoes and meat. Aki Sinkkonen, a scientist, is watching. He’s also very interested in Aurora’s cake, but for different reasons. “Perfect,” he says, admiring the way she is mixing soil, sand and leaves and then putting it on her face. “She’s really getting her hands in it.” To a hygiene-conscious (注重卫生的) kindergarten, this could be a problem, but at Humpula daycare centre in Helsinki, children are encouraged to increase their contact with the microscopic (显微的) biodiversity. This kindergarten was included in a two-year study looking at how biodiversity enhancements affect the microbial composition of children’s skin and saliva. The staff dug up and installed a giant live carpet of forest floor. The plants, dead wood and soil in the daycare centre were specially selected for their rich micro-biodiversity. Children grow carrots, potatoes and cucumbers, harvesting and cooking what they plant. When winter approaches, the crops fade — but the outdoor adventures do not. A year later, it found that children who were in contact with nature had a lower probability of catching an illness resulting from disorders in the immune system. The results support the “old friends” hypothesis (假设) that humans evolved alongside microbes in air, plants and soil. The body can exchange useful microbes with the natural world to stay healthy. Without contact with these organisms — through soil, plants, and air — immune function can become overactive, leading to disease. The kindergartens provide evidence of just how crucial healthy ecosystems are to human health. As biodiversity, habitats and wild species are lost around the planet, there is huge potential harm for human wellbeing. Increasing on site biodiversity can be a win-win for children’s health and the environment. Based on that, the University of Sheffield has done research on installing green barriers around school playgrounds to prevent air pollution from harming children’s health. Hunter’s Bar infant school in Sheffield created a 70-metre-long fence of plants that wraps around the playground. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in the playground were reduced by 13% six months after planting, and further decreases are expected as the fence matures. 1．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Guided hands-on practice. B．Kids’ exposure to dirt and mud. C．Delicious homemade food for kids. D．The diversity of species in nurseries. 2．What did the staff at Humpula daycare centre do? A．Rewild their kindergarten. B．Grow a forest in the backyard. C．Expand forest education among kids. D．Introduce kids to sustainable farming. 3．Why does nature contact reduce people’s chance of getting sick? A．It uplifts their mood. B．It enhances co-evolution. C．It removes harmful microbes. D．It balances their immune system. 4．Why does the author mention the Sheffield study? A．To advocate for green schools. B．To give direction for further research. C．To promote healthy growth in school children. D．To show an application of the research finding. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了赫尔辛基一所幼儿园让孩子接触泥土与自然生物多样性的实践，研究表明这能平衡免疫系统、保护健康，并延伸应用到校园绿色防护设施。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“She is making a cake out of sand and mud, adding in make-believe carrots, potatoes and meat.(她正在用沙子和泥做蛋糕，里面加上假装的胡萝卜、土豆和肉。)”和第二段“To a hygiene-conscious (注重卫生的) kindergarten, this could be a problem, but at Humpula daycare centre in Helsinki, children are encouraged to increase their contact with the microscopic (显微的) biodiversity.(在注重卫生的幼儿园里，这可能是个问题，但在赫尔辛基的洪普拉日托中心，却鼓励孩子们增加与微生物多样性的接触。)”可知，this指代孩子们接触泥土、泥沙的行为。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The staff dug up and installed a giant live carpet of forest floor. The plants, dead wood and soil in the daycare centre were specially selected for their rich micro-biodiversity.(工作人员铺设了一大片鲜活的森林地表层。日托中心里的植物、枯木和土壤都因丰富的微生物多样性而被精心挑选。)”可知，工作人员对幼儿园进行了自然野化改造。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Without contact with these organisms — through soil, plants, and air — immune function can become overactive, leading to disease.(如果不通过土壤、植物和空气接触这些微生物，免疫功能就会变得过于活跃，从而引发疾病。)”可知，接触自然可以平衡免疫系统，降低患病几率。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“The kindergartens provide evidence of just how crucial healthy ecosystems are to human health. As biodiversity, habitats and wild species are lost around the planet, there is huge potential harm for human wellbeing. Increasing on site biodiversity can be a win-win for children’s health and the environment.(这些幼儿园恰恰证明了健康的生态系统对人类健康至关重要。随着全球生物多样性、栖息地和野生物种不断消失，人类福祉面临巨大潜在威胁。提升校园内的生物多样性，对儿童健康和环境而言是双赢之举。)”和第六段“Based on that, the University of Sheffield has done research on installing green barriers around school playgrounds to prevent air pollution from harming children’s health.(基于这一研究结果，谢菲尔德大学开展了在学校操场周围安装绿色屏障以防止空气污染危害儿童健康的研究。)”可知，作者提及谢菲尔德的研究是为了展示前文研究成果的实际应用。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Fancy letting a machine mediate (调解) your argument? It could be the latest application for AI. Scientists at Google’s DeepMind project designed what they call the Habermas Machine, a large language AI named after German philosopher Jürgen Habermas. The system works by taking written views of individuals within a group and using them to generate a set of group statements designed to be acceptable to all. Group members can then rate these statements. The most popular statement is then returned to participants to assess. Next, the AI mediation system generates revised statements, which participants again rate. The system then selects the winning statement. The team used the system in a series of experiments involving a total of more than 5,000 participants who responded to various topics. The researchers found the initial group statement from the Habermas Machine was preferred by participants 56% of the time over a group statement produced by human mediators. Part of the model’s success, researchers say, lies in its determination to give special weight to dissenting opinion. It was not the case that participants always switched opinion to support the majority view. Rather than siding with the majority, it allowed minority voices to feel heard. The AI mediation system “offers a new approach to collective deliberation (审议) that avoids some of the limitations of in-person deliberation, including its cost, limited scale, the potential for mediator bias.” the researchers conclude. However, the AI mediation process may lack some of the benefits of in-person discussion, they write, such as “nonverbal clues and the opportunity to build interpersonal relationships with other discussants.” Machine seldom offers participants the chance to explain their feelings. In addition, the researchers note that the AI mediation system could generate an ill-informed output if asked to synthesize (合成) human opinions that are based on limited or biased information. Thus, the researchers conclude that if their system is used in the real world, it should be “embedded in a larger deliberative process, including careful selection of participants to ensure that a balanced and diverse community is represented in the debate.” 1．What is Habermas Machine aimed at? A．Simplifying rating system. B．Facilitating greater agreement. C．Managing interpersonal conflict. D．Honouring the German philosopher. 2．What does the underlined word “dissenting” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Informed. B．Novel. C．Differing. D．Decisive. 3．What may be the disadvantage of the AI-mediated discussions? A．They lack shared collective wisdom. B．They raise participants’ opportunity cost. C．They fail to tap into participants’ potential. D．They rarely promote empathy among participants. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Risks of AI mediation. B．Future AI developments. C．Tips on AI mediation use. D．Ethical concerns about AI. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了谷歌DeepMind项目科学家设计的哈贝马斯机器这一AI调解系统如何促进群体共识及其优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The system works by taking written views of individuals within a group and using them to generate a set of group statements designed to be acceptable to all.(该系统的工作原理是收集群体中个人的书面观点，并用它们生成一组旨在被所有人接受的群体陈述。)”可知，哈贝马斯机器的目的是促进达成更大的共识。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Part of the model’s success, researchers say, lies in its determination to give special weight to dissenting opinion. It was not the case that participants always switched opinion to support the majority view. Rather than siding with the majority, it allowed minority voices to feel heard.(研究人员表示，该模型之所以成功，部分原因在于它格外重视dissenting意见。参与者并不会总是改变立场去附和多数人的观点。该系统不会偏袒多数派，反而能让少数群体的声音得到倾听。)”可知，该模型的成功在于它重视不同的意见，因此dissenting意为“不同的”，与Differing意思一致。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, the AI mediation process may lack some of the benefits of in-person discussion, they write, such as “nonverbal clues and the opportunity to build interpersonal relationships with other discussants.” Machine seldom offers participants the chance to explain their feelings.(然而，他们写道，人工智能调解过程可能缺乏一些面对面讨论的好处，比如“非语言线索以及与其他讨论者建立人际关系的机会。”机器很少给参与者解释自己感受的机会。)”可知，人工智能调解的缺点是很少能促进参与者之间的共情。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“In addition, the researchers note that the AI mediation system could generate an ill-informed output if asked to synthesize (合成) human opinions that are based on limited or biased information. Thus, the researchers conclude that if their system is used in the real world, it should be “embedded in a larger deliberative process, including careful selection of participants to ensure that a balanced and diverse community is represented in the debate.”(此外，研究人员还提到，如果要求该系统整合基于片面或有偏见信息形成的公众观点，它可能会产出缺乏充分依据的结果。因此研究人员得出结论：若要将该系统投入现实应用，应当 “将其纳入更完善的审议流程，包括精心筛选参与者，确保辩论中能够体现均衡且多元的群体”。)”可知，本段主要讲人工智能调解在实际使用中的注意事项。故选C。 Passage 7 （2026·江苏徐州·二模） For people with abnormal blood glucose and potential diabetes susceptible groups, long-term daily blood glucose monitoring is essential, yet traditional invasive detection has long troubled them. Frequent finger pricking brings lasting stinging pain and minor skin infection risks, lowering long-term monitoring compliance, especially for the elderly and teens with weak tolerance. Breaking these pain points, a new plant-based noninvasive monitoring patch (无创监测贴) becomes a disruptive innovation in household medical supplies, abandoning needle blood collection entirely and bringing a new experience for daily blood glucose tracking. The patch’s core is a specially developed polysaccharide biomembrane (多糖生物膜), extracted from natural medicinal plant fibers and seaweed polysaccharides without skin-irritating chemical additives. With excellent skin affinity and biocompatibility, it causes no redness, itching, allergies or epidermal damage even for 24-hour continuous wearing. Attached tightly to wrist skin, it penetrates the superficial cuticle to capture subtle changes in interstitial fluid (组织间液) closely linked to blood glucose, turning weak biological signals into stable blood glucose parameters without harming body tissues. In the first quarter of 2026, the patch officially obtained national Class II medical device certification and passed strict clinical verification. Clinical data shows its detection accuracy reaches 95%, highly consistent with results of traditional venous blood test (静脉血检测), far exceeding ordinary household health care products. Medical researchers note this certification turns the patch from a simple care product into a professional home medical device, filling the gap of painless, high-precision home blood glucose monitoring for non-hospital groups. As a disposable product, the patch is hygienic and convenient, needing no repeated cleaning or professional calibration before use. Users only need to clean wrist skin and paste it evenly, then it stably collects real-time blood glucose data all day, adapting to office work, outdoor sports and rest. Unlike bulky, complex hospital detectors needing professional operation, this ultra-thin portable patch is easy to carry, realizing all-weather unattended health monitoring. This plant-based patch marks a breakthrough in home medical technology, representing the future trend of chronic disease prevention and home-based care. It lowers the threshold of professional health monitoring for ordinary families, turning complex medical detection into a simple daily operation and offering a reliable way for early warning of blood glucose-related risks. With optimized plant extraction technology, such mild medical devices will cover more chronic health management fields and benefit more people in need. 1．What is the core goal of developing the plant-based patch? A．Reducing the cost of blood tests. B．Speeding up blood glucose detection. C．Expanding the use of plant extracts. D．Easing the pain of glucose monitoring. 2．Why is polysaccharide biomembrane chosen as the core material? A．To ensure skin safety for long-term wear. B．To speed up signal conversion efficiency. C．To increase the patch’s service life. D．To reduce the production cost of patches. 3．What benefit does the patch bring to users compared with hospital detectors? A．It requires more professional operation. B．It offers higher detection accuracy overall. C．It can replace regular venous blood tests. D．It enables more convenient daily monitoring. 4．What will the author most likely talk about next? A．The history of invasive blood glucose tests. B．The side effects of long-term patch use. C．The application of the patch in more fields. D．The challenges of plant extraction technology. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型植物基无创血糖监测贴的研发背景、核心材料、优势、认证情况与使用体验，以及其在家庭医疗领域的重要意义与未来前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Frequent finger pricking brings lasting stinging pain and minor skin infection risks, lowering long-term monitoring compliance, especially for the elderly and teens with weak tolerance. Breaking these pain points, a new plant-based noninvasive monitoring patch (无创监测贴) becomes a disruptive innovation in household medical supplies, abandoning needle blood collection entirely and bringing a new experience for daily blood glucose tracking. (频繁的指尖采血会带来持续的刺痛感和轻微的皮肤感染风险，降低了长期监测的依从性，尤其是对耐受力较弱的老年人和青少年而言。为了攻克这些痛点，一种新型植物基无创监测贴成为家用医疗用品领域的颠覆性创新，它完全摒弃了针头采血，为日常血糖监测带来了全新体验。)”可知，该贴片的研发为了解决传统检测方式带来的疼痛问题，核心目标是缓解血糖监测的痛苦。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“With excellent skin affinity and biocompatibility, it causes no redness, itching, allergies or epidermal damage even for 24-hour continuous wearing. (它具有优异的皮肤亲和性和生物相容性，即使连续佩戴24小时也不会引起红肿、瘙痒、过敏或表皮损伤。)”可知，选择多糖生物膜作为核心材料是因为它对皮肤友好、无刺激，能够确保长期佩戴的安全性。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Unlike bulky, complex hospital detectors needing professional operation, this ultra-thin portable patch is easy to carry, realizing all-weather unattended health monitoring. (与需要专业操作、笨重且复杂的医院检测仪不同，这种超薄便携的贴片易于携带，实现了全天候无人值守的健康监测。)”可知，与医院检测仪相比，该贴片不需要专业操作、易于携带、可以全天候使用，因此为使用者带来的好处是更方便进行日常监测。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With optimized plant extraction technology, such mild medical devices will cover more chronic health management fields and benefit more people in need. (随着植物提取技术的优化，这类温和的医疗设备将覆盖更多慢性健康管理领域，惠及更多有需要的人。)”可知，作者在文章结尾明确指出该贴片未来将覆盖更多慢性健康管理领域，因此接下来最有可能讨论该贴片在更多领域的应用。故选C项。 Passage 1 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Picture yourself halfway up a winding trail, lungs burning, legs trembling, the summit still out of sight. You want to stop but you don’t. Something quiet and steady inside keeps you moving. That inner force, psychologists call grit (毅力) — the combination of persistence (坚持) and passion that keeps us going after goals. A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild. Over 1,200 university students took part in a 16–18-week course in either traditional physical education or outdoor education. Their grit levels were measured before and after the courses from two aspects: persistence of effort and consistency of interest. The answer, it turns out, lies somewhere between sweat and scenery. Both groups improved, but the difference was striking. Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence. Students who spent a term facing real-world challenges became mentally stronger. That sense of mastery — “I can handle this” — builds the same kind of grit linked to lower anxiety, better dealing with stress, and greater life satisfaction. In contrast, traditional PE improved students’ persistence but actually reduced their interest consistency — their ability to stay engaged with long-term goals. Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty. Newness doesn’t just keep us entertained; it keeps us engaged. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates). Together, they create a powerful recipe for inner motivation. This study shows that the environment we learn in shapes not just our bodies but our minds’ ability to persist.In a world of digital distraction (分心) and instant satisfaction, outdoor education reminds us that grit grows through hardship. For anyone seeking for long-term change, the message is simple: step outside. 1．Which one is most beneficial to the development of grit? A．Running on the same school track. B．Swimming in a sports center pool. C．Climbing mountains in a natural park. D．Playing basketball in an indoor stadium. 2．What does the underlined word “thrives” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Focuses. B．Grows. C．Depends. D．Survives. 3．Why is Self-Determination Theory mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain outdoor programs’ motivational effect. B．To analyze the physical benefits of newness in life. C．To introduce the popularity of outdoor education. D．To define the key driving factors of motivation. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Grit contributes to the long-term change. B．Outdoor challenges build a tougher mind. C．Natural scenery improves mental health. D．Routine workouts weaken inner motivation. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文通过一项研究对比传统体育课与户外教育对年轻人毅力培养的影响，指出户外未知挑战更能提升人的毅力与心理素质，并从自我决定理论角度解释户外教育激发内在动力的原因，呼吁人们走进自然、在历练中磨砺心智。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence.(户外教育在毅力的各项衡量指标上都带来了更大的提升，尤其是在坚持性方面。)”可知，户外教育更利于培养毅力。C在自然公园登山属于户外探索挑战，符合户外教育范畴。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty.(日复一日的常规、有限的自主权和可预测的环境可能会随着时间的推移削弱好奇心。然而，户外教育却在不确定性中thrives。)”可知，前文提到常规体育项目会消磨好奇心，而户外教育依托不确定性发展，可推断thrives此处意为“成长、发展”。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates).(从自我决定理论的角度来看，户外项目满足了激发动力的三个心理需求：自主性——你可以选择如何面对挑战、胜任感——你能看到自己的进步、关联性——你可以依靠队友。)”可知，引入自我决定理论，是为了解释户外项目为何能激发内在动力。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段“A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild.(中国地质大学的研究人员开展的一项新研究探讨了究竟是什么促使年轻人养成了这种品质——是在健身房进行规律锻炼，还是在野外经历不可预测的冒险？)”和第三段“Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence.(户外教育在毅力的各项衡量指标上都带来了更大的提升，尤其是在坚持性方面。)”可知，全文围绕户外挑战相比常规运动更能磨砺心智、培养毅力展开论述。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏苏州·二模） Few people outside the shipping industry know palletization, widely called “dǎbǎn” in Chinese air freight.It refers to loading goods onto standardized unit load devices, a key step that ensures the safety and efficiency of air transport. According to IATA’s 2024 report, over 90%of global air cargo depends on this method,with about 1.1 million active devices supporting cross-border delivery every day. Palletization follows strict and clear rules: heavy goods are placed at the bottom, fragile items are kept above,and all packages are neatly arranged and tightly fixed with nets or straps. This careful arrangement prevents goods from sliding or falling during flight. Wei Jianming, a loading supervisor at Ezhou Huahu Airport, leads a team of workers handling hundreds of tons of cargo daily. A 2025 study on aircraft loading shows that standard weight distribution cuts in-flight cargo movement by 87%, greatly reducing flight safety risks and protecting valuable goods from damage. This process also creates huge economic value for global trade. A 2023 IATA survey notes that 2% to 20% of improperly prepared load devices are rejected each year, causing flight delays and extra transport costs. During the pandemic,Guangzhou Customs’ efficient pallet system reduced medical supply handling time to within 13 hours. Special temperature-controlled pallets also protect vaccines and medicine by keeping them at 2–8℃for up to 120 hours, which is highly important for international medical support. Modern palletization has become more technical and environmentally friendly.Eco-friendly composite pallets cut carbon emissions by 38% compared with traditional metal types, and over 10,000 have been put into use since 2023. Efficient palletization shortens the factory-to-flight process to just 15 hours, supporting hundreds of billions of yuan in cross-border trade. As a vital part of air cargo, it keeps global logistics and emergency supply chains running smoothly and reliably,connecting businesses and families across the world. 1．Why does the author introduce palletization at the beginning of the text? A．To explain a professional term. B．To lead in the core topic. C．To show air cargo’s global growth. D．To compare different transport methods. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Improper palletization causes extra economic losses. B．All unit load devices are rejected every year. C．Medical supplies need no temperature control. D．Guangzhou Customs created the pallet system. 3．What does the underlined word “composite” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Natural. B．Traditional. C．Metal. D．Synthetic. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．How to expand air cargo scale in the future with palletization B．How to update palletization operation rules for the years ahead C．How to reduce flight delays via palletization in the coming years D．How to further improve palletization for future development 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍航空货运中的集装化技术，包括其定义、操作规范、经济价值、技术升级与环保优势，说明它对全球物流与供应链的重要作用。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Few people outside the shipping industry know palletization, widely called ‘dǎbǎn’ in Chinese air freight. It refers to loading goods onto standardized unit load devices…(航运业以外很少有人知晓集装化，中文航空货运中常称 “打板”，它指将货物装载到标准化集装设备上)”可推知，作者开篇先解释专业术语，便于读者理解后文内容。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“2% to 20% of improperly prepared load devices are rejected each year, causing flight delays and extra transport costs.(每年 2% 至 20% 准备不当的集装设备会被拒收，导致航班延误与额外运输成本)”，可推知不当集装化会造成额外经济损失。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Eco-friendly composite pallets cut carbon emissions by 38% compared with traditional metal types(环保composite托盘相比传统金属托盘碳排放降低 38%)”，composite与传统金属相对，意为“复合的、合成的”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Modern palletization has become more technical and environmentally friendly...it keeps global logistics and emergency supply chains running smoothly(现代集装化更具技术性与环保性，保障全球物流与应急供应链顺畅)”可知，文末指向未来优化方向，由此可推知，下文可能讨论如何进一步完善集装化以适配未来发展。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏苏州·二模） Red-themed cultural education plays a key role in fostering students’ patriotism and sense of responsibility. Let’s check out several excellent red-themed practice platforms that can bring revolutionary history and spirit to life for your child’s school learning experience. Revolutionary History Virtual Museums To make revolutionary history accessible and engaging, the National Museum of China has launched a series of virtual red-themed museums. These online exhibitions feature 3D interactive views of historic sites, interactive timelines of major revolutionary events, and audio stories of revolutionary martyrs. Students can “visit” iconic sites like the Nanhu Red Boat and the Zunyi Meeting Site from home, and learn about the struggles and sacrifices of the older generation. Red Culture Storytelling Competitions Organized by the Communist Youth League of China, this annual competition encourages students to explore local red history, collect stories of revolutionary heroes, and present them in creative forms like speeches, short plays, or short videos. Open to students from primary to high school, it also provides free training workshops on historical research and public speaking for all participants. Red-themed Social Practice Camps Run by local education authorities and red culture research institutions, these offline camps take students to real revolutionary memorial sites, old revolutionary base areas, and memorial halls. During the 3-5 day camps, students can take part in hands-on activities like experiencing wartime life, making military supplies, and interviewing veterans. The camps also include group discussions to help students truly understand the red spirit. Red Spirit Lecture Series This online lecture series invites historians, veterans, and descendants of revolutionary martyrs to share their insights and personal stories. Each lecture focuses on a specific red spirit, such as the Long March Spirit, the Yan’an Spirit, and the Two Bombs, One Satellite Spirit. The lectures are recorded and available on the official education platform, allowing students to watch at their own pace and join live Q&A sessions. 1．What is available in the virtual museums? A．Offline hands-on activities B．3D interactive site views C．Annual creative competitions D．Live veteran interviews 2．What do the camps and lectures share? A．They are fully online B．They require creative works C．They hold offline discussions D．They involve veterans 3．Where is the text probably from? A．An education magazine B．A history research journal C．A local government report D．A literary story collection 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四类红色主题教育实践平台及其内容。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Revolutionary History Virtual Museums部分中的“These online exhibitions feature 3D interactive views of historic sites, interactive timelines of major revolutionary events, and audio stories of revolutionary martyrs. (这些线上展览包含革命旧址的3D互动景观、重大革命事件的互动时间轴，以及革命先烈的有声故事。)”可知，虚拟博物馆里有历史遗址的3D互动景观。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章Red-themed Social Practice Camps部分中的“During the 3-5 day camps, students can take part in hands-on activities like experiencing wartime life, making military supplies, and interviewing veterans. (在为期3至5天的活动中，学生可参与体验战时生活、制作军用物资、采访老兵等实践活动。)”和文章Red Spirit Lecture Series部分中的“This online lecture series invites historians, veterans, and descendants of revolutionary martyrs to share their insights and personal stories. (这一线上讲座系列邀请历史学家、退伍老兵以及革命先烈后代分享见解与亲身经历。)”可知，实践营和讲座都涉及老兵。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Red-themed cultural education plays a key role in fostering students’ patriotism and sense of responsibility. Let’s check out several excellent red-themed practice platforms that can bring revolutionary history and spirit to life for your child’s school learning experience. (红色文化教育在培养学生的爱国情怀与责任感方面起着关键作用。下面为你介绍几个优质的红色主题实践平台，它们能让革命历史与革命精神鲜活起来，丰富孩子的校园学习体验。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍面向学生的红色教育实践平台，偏向教育推广类信息可知，本文最可能出自教育类杂志。故选A。 Passage 4 （2026·江苏苏州·二模） Global climate labs have heavily invested in trillion-parameter AI models, aiming to refine long-term climate projections and extreme weather warnings by analyzing massive historical data (temperature profiles, ocean currents, and atmospheric humidity gradients). Traditional wisdom assumes larger models guarantee higher accuracy, but recent research from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) challenges this assumption, focusing on how model scale impacts real-world prediction reliability. The study sampled 12 leading climate AI projects, comparing regional-scale models (e.g., European medium-range forecast systems) with global-scale giants (e.g., CMIP6 series models) across 10-year trend fitting and extreme event prediction. It measured how each system interprets the chaotic nature of Earth’s climate system, a critical variable often overlooked in oversized models trained on raw data rather than physical constraints. Findings reveal a stark trade-off: hyper-scaled models outperform smaller ones in short-term (1–3 months) warnings, with tropical cyclone path prediction errors reduced by 22%, but they struggle with long-term (6–12 months) projections. Overfitting becomes rampant, as large models mistake historical climate anomalies (e.g., extreme heatwaves, heavy droughts) for fixed trends, widening prediction biases by 34% compared to physics-constrained small models, which maintain 18% higher accuracy in regional anomaly detection at 1/5 the computational cost. Beyond precision issues, over-reliance on large AI models creates a skills gap in climate research. Young researchers trained on automated tools often lose the ability to manually adjust key parameters (e.g., boundary layer settings, cloud droplet concentrations), weakening their capacity to fine-tune models for regional needs. Policymakers, meanwhile, are misled by large models’ “global optimality” claims, ignoring local climate disparities and undermining the effectiveness of adaptation plans. The WCRP study concludes that climate AI progress hinges on balance, not scale. Future models should adopt a hybrid architecture: small models capture regional climate nuances, while large models handle global trends — both anchored to Earth’s physical constraints. True predictive power lies not in bigger data, but in smarter integration of global and regional realities. 1．What do traditional researchers assume of hyper-scaled AI vs small models? A．Cut costs with precise long-term forecasts. B．Outperform small models in all forecasts. C．Fail long-term trends via data overfitting. D．Stick to physical laws not raw data. 2．What does the 2026 WCRP study find about the two AI models? A．Lower long-term error margins by 34%. B．Mix random shifts with fixed climate trends. C．Boost short-term warning accuracy by 22%. D．Produce more false climate signals overall. 3．What harm comes from over-reliance on large AI models? A．Reduce global climate research funding greatly. B．Weaken researchers’manual parameter skills. C．Mislead policymakers on local climate gaps. D．Stop automated data analysis tool development. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Balance scale and bigger AI models fully B．Balance trends with small physics-based models C．Balance model scale and physical constraints D．Balance big data and climate AI applications 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界气候研究计划研究揭示气候AI模型规模与物理约束需平衡，以提升预测准确性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Traditional wisdom assumes larger models guarantee higher accuracy, but recent research from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) challenges this assumption, focusing on how model scale impacts real-world prediction reliability.(传统观点认为，规模较大的模型能保证更高的准确性，但世界气候研究计划（WCRP）近期的研究却对此观点提出了质疑，其重点在于模型规模如何影响对现实世界的预测可靠性)”可知，传统研究者认为超大型AI模型在所有预测中都优于小型模型。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“hyper-scaled models outperform smaller ones in short-term (1–3 months) warnings, with tropical cyclone path prediction errors reduced by 22%(超大型模型在短期（1-3个月）预警中表现优于小型模型，热带气旋路径预测误差降低了22%)”可知，2026年WCRP研究发现超大型模型将短期预警准确率提高了22%。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Policymakers, meanwhile, are misled by large models’ “global optimality” claims, ignoring local climate disparities and undermining the effectiveness of adaptation plans.(与此同时，政策制定者却被大型模型所宣称的“全局最优性”这一说法所误导，他们忽略了各地气候的差异，从而削弱了适应计划的实施效果)”可知，过度依赖大型AI模型会误导政策制定者忽视地方气候差异。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The WCRP study concludes that climate AI progress hinges on balance, not scale.(WCRP的研究得出结论，气候人工智能的进步取决于平衡，而不是规模)”可知，文章核心强调平衡模型规模与物理约束的重要性，选项C“平衡模型规模和物理约束”准确概括了这一主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 Passage 5 （2026·江苏徐州·二模） More than two decades ago,marine biologists discovered a surprising ecosystem in the Mariana Trench’s hadal (超深渊的) zone, where sunlight never reaches and water pressure tops 1,000 times that at sea level. They found chemosynthetic (化能合成的) microbes thriving not by converting sunlight, but by breaking down inorganic compounds from hydrothermal vents, creating a self-sustaining system that defied long-standing traditional ecological theories about life survival. What makes this discovery groundbreaking is that these unique microbes, many never cultured in labs and whose unique metabolic mechanisms remain largely unexplored, hold huge potential to reshape sustainable energy and bio-remediation. In a 2025 Chinese Academy of Sciences study,researchers launched the first comprehensive expedition to map deep-sea chemosynthetic microbial communities. Using advanced deep-sea ROVs equipped with high-resolution underwater genomic sequencers, they collected 5,000+samples and identified 123 new strains with distinct metabolic characteristics unseen in shallow-sea microbes. Most surprising was that some strains survived 2°C to 80°C, far more adaptable than any land microbe, thanks to specialized extreme-stable enzymes. A key application lies in carbon sequestration, a critical climate challenge. Unlike energy-heavy artificial methods, these microbes absorb CO₂from seawater and turn it into solid carbonates. A 2025 South China Sea trial found one cubic meter of microbial culture sequesters 2.3 kg of CO₂daily, 15 times faster than artificial techniques. The resulting minerals store permanently on the seabed, avoiding leakage risks plaguing underground storage. However, commercialization faces big hurdles.Most strains need extreme conditions — high pressure, low temperature, specific nutrients — that labs can’t easily replicate, driving up costs and lowering yield, and hindering large-scale lab research progress. Only 8%of identified strains have been cultured in simulated environments,with production costs over$500 per kg of biomass, making it uncompetitive with conventional energy. Despite this, researchers plan a semi-submerged platform in the Mariana Trench by 2027 to experiment in the microbes’natural habitat. With China’s deep-sea scientific exploration and marine tech research accelerating rapidly, these tiny organisms, once hidden in extreme ocean depths, may soon offer vital solutions for climate change and energy security, turning the deep sea’s secret microbial world into a future resource. 1．What is the core trait of the microbes? A．Absorb sunlight to grow. B．Live in shallow sea beds. C．Live on vent inorganic matters. D．Thrive in artificial labs. 2．What did the 2025 expedition discover? A．Map global microbe zones. B．Find all heat-resistant strains. C．Uncover 123 new microbe strains. D．Test extreme-stable enzymes. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly cover? A．Lab carbon sequestration steps. B．Microbes’ carbon sequestration value. C．Artificial vs natural storage. D．Underground leakage risks. 4．Why mention commercial hurdles? A．Explain current tech barriers. B．Warn of high research costs. C．Prove no commercial future. D．Criticize lab culture progress. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马里亚纳海沟超深渊带的特殊微生物群落、相关科考发现、潜在应用价值以及研究与应用中面临的现实挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They found chemosynthetic (化能合成的) microbes thriving not by converting sunlight,but by breaking down inorganic compounds from hydrothermal vents,creating a self-sustaining system that defied long-standing traditional ecological theories about life survival. (他们发现化能合成微生物不是通过转化阳光来繁衍生息，而是通过分解热液喷口的无机化合物来生存，创造了一个违背传统生态学理论的自我维持系统。)”可知，这些微生物的核心特征是通过分解热液喷口的无机化合物来生存。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using advanced deep-sea ROVs equipped with high-resolution underwater genomic sequencers,they collected 5,000+samples and identified 123 new strains with distinct metabolic characteristics unseen in shallow-sea microbes. (用配备高分辨率水下基因组测序仪的先进深海ROV，他们收集了5000多个样本，并鉴定出123种具有独特代谢特征的新菌株，这些特征在浅海微生物中从未见过。)”可知，2025年的考察发现了123种新的微生物菌株。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍了这些微生物在碳封存方面的应用价值。段落开头指出“A key application lies in carbon sequestration,a critical climate challenge. (一个关键应用在于碳封存，这是一个关键的气候挑战。)”随后详细说明了这些微生物如何吸收二氧化碳并转化为固体碳酸盐，以及相比人工方法的优势。因此，本段主要涵盖的是微生物的碳封存价值。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Most strains need extreme conditions — high pressure,low temperature, specific nutrients — that labs can’t easily replicate, driving up costs and lowering yield, and hindering large-scale lab research progress. (大多数菌株需要极端条件——高压、低温、特定营养物质——实验室难以轻易复制这些条件，导致成本上升、产量降低，阻碍了大规模实验室研究进展。)”可知，提及商业化障碍是为了解释当前面临的技术壁垒。故选A。 Passage 6 （2026·江苏南京·二模） For a long time, space exploration depended on large, heavy satellites that cost a huge amount of money and required powerful rockets to launch. These machines could weigh several tons and take years to design and build. But in recent years, tiny satellites have completely changed how humans explore and use outer space. Mini-satellites (微型卫星) are no bigger than a small box. Some are even just the size of a book. At first, many space experts doubted whether such small machines could work well in outer space. They worried the tiny tools would not be strong enough to stand the environment outside the Earth’s atmosphere. Early mini-satellites had clear limitations. They could carry only simple instruments and had short working lives. Most could not change their direction once in orbit, and their signals were easy to lose. Yet scientists refused to give up. They kept testing new materials and smaller, smarter electronic parts to solve these problems. Modern mini-satellites are far more powerful than their early forms. Special light metals and plastic protect them from extreme temperatures and space rubbish. They are equipped with small cameras, sensors and communication systems that can record data and send messages back to Earth. Some can even move gently in orbit by using special low-power engines. What makes these tiny satellites so useful is their ability to work in groups. Instead of launching one large satellite, scientists send up tens or even hundreds of mini-satellites at the same time. They spread out in orbit and cover larger areas than any single big satellite. This group work helps with weather recording, environmental monitoring and space mapping. Another important advantage is the cost. Mini-satellites cost far less to build and launch. Universities, small research groups and even private companies can now afford to design and send up their own satellites. This has opened space research to far more people around the world. Today, mini-satellites are helping humans study the weather, watch over forests and oceans, and even support communication in remote areas. They have proved that size does not decide value in space. As technology continues to improve, these small but strong satellites will play an even bigger role in the future of space exploration. 1．What protects mini-satellites from space risks? A．Thick, heavy metal covers. B．Light metals and special plastic. C．High power, strong engines. D．Small, clear camera lenses. 2．What does the underlined word “limitations” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Clear, useful advantages. B．Clear, obvious weaknesses. C．New, useful functions. D．Old, serious problems. 3．What was a shortcoming of early mini-satellites? A．Short, limited working lives. B．Strong, clear signal strength. C．Easy, quick direction changes. D．Heavy, complex material structure. 4．What is the best title for this text? A．Large, heavy old satellites B．Space rubbish and its bad effects C．Rocket launch costs and methods D．Small satellites, big space value 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微型卫星从被质疑到发展成熟的过程，阐述了其特点、优势以及在太空探索中的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Special light metals and plastic protect them from extreme temperatures and space rubbish. (特殊的轻金属和塑料保护它们免受极端温度和太空垃圾的伤害)”可知，保护微型卫星免受太空风险的是轻金属和特殊塑料。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Early mini-satellites had clear limitations. They could carry only simple instruments and had short working lives. Most could not change their direction once in orbit, and their signals were easy to lose. (早期的微型卫星有明确的limitations。它们只能携带简单的仪器，工作寿命短。大多数在进入轨道后无法改变方向，信号也容易丢失)”可知，此处列举的是早期微型卫星的缺点和不足，因此“limitations”指的是“明显的弱点”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They could carry only simple instruments and had short working lives. (它们只能携带简单的仪器，工作寿命短)”可知，早期微型卫星的一个缺点是工作寿命短暂有限。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“But in recent years, tiny satellites have completely changed how humans explore and use outer space. (但近年来，微型卫星彻底改变了人类探索和利用外层空间的方式)”以及最后一段中“They have proved that size does not decide value in space. (它们已经证明，在太空中，大小并不能决定价值)”可知，本文主要讲述了体积虽小但价值巨大的微型卫星。故D项“Small satellites, big space value (小卫星，大太空价值)”能概括文章内容，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2026·江苏南京·二模） Recently, language experts have noted surprising parallels between classical Chinese poetry and ancient Western verse, hidden links that had gone unnoticed for centuries. The unexpected similarities have excited literary researchers who study ancient writings across different cultures. These shared ideas are found in works written more than a thousand years apart, by poets who never could have known of each other’s existence. A research team focusing on classical literature recently published their study of these matching themes and feelings in ancient poems. In their report, the team explained they had been comparing ancient texts for a translation project when they discovered the shared expressions. Early reviews from other scholars showed the poems held completely normal styles until close comparison brought the links to light. For example, a poem from China’s Tang Dynasty about the fleeting nature of time uses imagery of falling petals and flowing rivers, while a Roman poet from the same historical era wrote of time as a river that carries away all things. Both poets used nature to express the universal fear of losing what is precious. Researchers are now collecting more examples to find the true reason for these similarities. They believe the parallels come from universal human experiences that poets from all cultures naturally express. Besides their shared ideas, the poems remain true to their own cultural styles and artistic values. Chinese poets often use subtle, indirect language to convey emotion, while Western poets of the same period tended to use more direct, dramatic language. The cross-cultural literature project was started in 2018 and now studies more than 800 ancient poems from both Chinese and European traditions. These works were created during different historical periods, when civilizations had little to no direct contact with one another. From the Tang Dynasty in China to ancient Greece and Rome, poets wrote of nature, time, love and loss in surprisingly similar ways. The true depth of these connections still requires more study. Readers have long felt warmth and wisdom from these ancient poems, and some have noticed shared emotional power. Modern researchers now warn that these hidden links may change how people understand the history of world literature. They suggest that future studies could explore how these shared themes reflect common philosophical ideas about life and the universe, even in societies that developed in complete isolation from one another. 1．When was the cross-cultural literature project launched? A．In the Tang Dynasty B．In ancient Greece and Rome C．In the year 2018 D．Over a thousand years ago 2．Which of the following can best illustrate the theory in Paragraph 2? A．A Chinese poet uses a moon to miss family,a British poet uses a star for the same feeling. B．A Japanese poet uses cherry blossoms,a Chinese poet uses willows in spring. C．A modern poet uses social media,an ancient poet uses scrolls. D．A French poet writes of love,a German poet writes of war. 3．What do researchers think causes the poetic parallels? A．Direct cultural communication B．Shared translation methods C．Universal human life experiences D．Similar historical development 4．What do the last two paragraphs mainly intend to do? A．To add more poetic examples for study B．To point out research value and direction C．To compare different cultural backgrounds D．To confirm all shared poetic themes 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍语言专家发现中国古典诗歌与古代西方诗歌之间存在惊人的相似之处，这些相似主题跨越千年且诗人彼此不知对方存在。文中讲述发现过程、相似原因及研究项目情况，还指出研究的价值和未来方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“The cross-cultural literature project was started in 2018 (跨文化文学项目始于2018年)”可知，跨文化文学项目在2018年启动，故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In their report, the team explained they had been comparing ancient texts for a translation project when they discovered the shared expressions. Early reviews from other scholars showed the poems held completely normal styles until close comparison brought the links to light. For example, a poem from China’s Tang Dynasty about the fleeting nature of time uses imagery of falling petals and flowing rivers, while a Roman poet from the same historical era wrote of time as a river that carries away all things. Both poets used nature to express the universal fear of losing what is precious.(研究小组在报告中表示，他们在一个翻译项目中对比古代文献时，发现了这些共通的表达。 其他学者的初步审阅显示，这些诗歌原本风格完全正常，直到仔细对比才揭示出其中的联系。 例如，中国唐代一首描写时光转瞬即逝的诗歌，运用了落花与流水的意象；而同一历史时期的一位罗马诗人，则将时间比作带走一切的河流。 两位诗人都借助自然，表达了对失去珍贵事物的普遍恐惧)”可知，第二段以中国唐代诗人用落花和流水表达时间的飞逝，罗马诗人将时间比作带走一切的河流为例，说明不同文化的诗人用自然表达对失去珍贵之物的普遍恐惧。A选项“一位中国诗人用月亮思念家人，一位英国诗人用星星表达同样的情感”，体现了不同文化的诗人用不同自然事物表达相同情感，与第二段理论相符，故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“They believe the parallels come from universal human experiences that poets from all cultures naturally express.(他们认为这些相似之处来自于所有文化的诗人自然表达的普遍人类经历)”可知，研究人员认为诗意相似的原因是普遍的人类生活经历，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The cross-cultural literature project was started in 2018 and now studies more than 800 ancient poems from both Chinese and European traditions.(这项跨文化文学项目始于2018年，目前正在研究来自中国和欧洲传统的800多首古代诗歌)”以及最后一段“Modern researchers now warn that these hidden links may change how people understand the history of world literature. They suggest that future studies could explore how these shared themes reflect common philosophical ideas about life and the universe, even in societies that developed in complete isolation from one another.(现代研究人员如今发出警告：这些隐藏的联系可能会改变人们对世界文学史的理解。 他们认为，未来的研究可以探索这些共通主题如何反映出关于生命与宇宙的共同哲学思想—— 即便这些社会是在彼此完全隔绝的状态下发展起来的)”可知，倒数第二段介绍跨文化文学项目研究情况，最后一段指出这些隐藏联系可能改变人们对世界文学历史的理解，建议未来研究探索这些共同主题如何反映关于生命和宇宙的共同哲学思想，所以最后两段主要是指出研究价值和方向，故选B项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·二模） We all experience moments when our thoughts drift away from what we’re doing. Scientists call this "mind wandering". Past research has mostly focused on how our minds wander to memories or future plans. This “cognitive” mind wandering is linked to both creativity and distress (悲伤). However, a new study suggests we also frequently engage in “body wandering” — when spontaneous (自发的) thoughts turn to bodily sensations like our heartbeat or breath. “The effects of this have been largely overlooked,” says neuroscientist Michael Allen. To investigate, Allen’s team had 536 people lie in an MRI scanner. Afterward, they reported what was on their minds. Besides typical daydreams, many reported paying attention to bodily sensations. The MRI scans supported this, showing that “body wandering” had a different form of brain function than cognitive mind wandering. The findings revealed a complex picture. In the moment, people who reported more body wandering during the scan also reported feeling more distress. Study coauthor Leah Banellis notes that the confined (狭窄的) MRI environment might have influenced this. Yet, the broader picture told a different story. Overall, participants who tended to engage in body wandering more often in daily life showed fewer symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both conditions are often associated with excessive traditional mind wandering and poor interoception — the ability to sense one's internal bodily state. “While focusing on the body might feel unpleasant in a stressful moment, a general tendency to tune into bodily signals could have a protective effect over time, ” Banellis explains. It might help ground individuals likely to fall into harmful cycles of negative thinking A key limitation, according to peer reviewer Aaron Kucyi, is that inner thoughts were measured only once. “Mind wandering is dynamic. A single measure might miss its slight differences,” he says. “Despite this, the study is influential for potentially bridging two separate fields of research: interoception and mind wandering.” 1．What aspect of body wandering does the research focus on? A．Its effects. B．Its symptoms. C．Its causes. D．Its variety. 2．What did the MRI scans show about body wandering? A．A distinct brain activity. B．A strong personal preference. C．Greatly enhanced attention. D．Limited technological observation. 3．What did Allen’s team find about body wandering? A．It is artificial and measurable. B．It is time — saving and worthwhile. C．It leads to dangerous thoughts but healthier body. D．It causes short-term negative emotions but long-term benefits. 4．What is Aaron Kucyi’s attitude to the study? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Reserved. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京·二模） Imagine wandering through a dark forest for hours, then traveling all the way home — in a straight line. Bull ants do this every night, and scientists have long wondered how. It turns out they use a previously unknown type of Moon compass (指南针) — never seen before in the animal kingdom. To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court— to test which direction they traveled home. After comparing their separate paths, the team concluded the behavior of ants that could see moonlight was consistent with what’s called a time-compensated (时间补偿的 ) lunar compass. Essentially, the insects observe how quickly the Moon moves to estimate the relative position of their home and update that prediction with time. The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it. The discovery makes bull ants the first known animals to navigate (导航) using this type of compass. Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon. Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.” 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The process. B．The purposes. C．The background. D．The findings. 2．What helps bull ants navigate correctly according to the text? A．Their familiarity with the path to home. B．Their tolerance for the Moon’s movement. C．Their independence from time compensation. D．Their adjustment to the Moon’s speed change. 3．What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph? A．Navigating with the Moon is reliable for the bull ants. B．Bull ants’ eyes are characterized by circular patterns. C．Light pollution affects bull ants’ sense of direction. D．Bull ants can see the Moon below the horizon. 4．What does Freas think of bull ants using Moon compass? A．It’s controversial. B．It’s challenging. C．It’s mysterious. D．It’s amazing. Passage 3 （2026·江苏南通·二模） Today, concrete production accounts for roughly 8 percent of global carbon emissions, which is about a quarter of all industry carbon emissions. Fortunately, the ancient Romans might have taught us a thing or two about manufacturing concrete that lasts for thousands of years. A new study has strictly analyzed the raw materials and energy demands of the ancient recipe of Roman concrete, revealing some useful ways to improve modern cement (水泥). Surprisingly, researchers found that producing Roman concrete requires more water and more greenhouse gas emissions than commonly used concrete today. But while the initial energy costs may be higher, it may not need to be replaced or repaired as often. It’s hard to compare the longevity of Roman concrete to modern concrete, because today, many concrete buildings and structures are reinforced with steel. As steel rusts (生锈), it expands, forcing any surrounding concrete to crack and degrade in as little as a decade. By comparison, ancient Roman concrete is capable of restoring itself. This means that when cracks appear in the cement, they are naturally glued back together when water leaks in. That’s part of the water reason ancient Roman seawalls have lasted for centuries, despite the constant erosion (侵蚀) of seawater. Daniela Martinez, lead author and engineer of the University of the North in Columbia acknowledges that longer-lasting cement structures “can only partially balance out increased demand for new material,” but Roman manufacturing methods may also hold other environmental benefits. Roman concrete produces far fewer dangerous air pollutants, possibly because the limestone, the main ingredient of Roman concrete, is burned using clean wood, not fossil (化石) fuels. According to recent models, using Roman cement techniques could reduce harmful gas emissions by up to 98 percent compared to modern methods. “There are a lot of lessons that we can draw from the Romans. If we can incorporate their strategies with our modern innovative ideas, we can create a more sustainable built environment.” says Martinez. 1．How does the author present the background of the study? A．By giving examples. B．By providing statistics. C．By defining a concept. D．By describing a scene. 2．What can be inferred about Roman concrete? A．It has a short service life. B．It needs regular maintenance. C．It proves sustainable over time. D．It requires low initial energy costs. 3．Which word can best describe the property of ancient Roman concrete? A．Ever-lasting. B．Self-healing. C．Easy-cutting. D．Safe-guarding. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Green Living, A New Path. B．Carbon Crisis, A Modern Issue. C．Magic Power, A Roman Mystery. D．Ancient Recipe, A Possible Solution. Passage 4 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Beneath the ocean’s surface lies a secret world of light. While bioluminescence — the ability of living things to produce their own light — has long interested scientists, a lesser-known phenomenon called bio-fluorescence (生物荧光) is now stealing the spotlight. Bio-fluorescence occurs when sea animals absorb light at one wavelength and send it out at another, creating vivid lights in colors like green, red, or orange. Unlike bioluminescence, which produces light through chemical reactions, bio-fluorescence depends on absorbing light from outside to glow. This natural light show is not just for beauty; it serves critical survival functions. In the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) of the Pacific, researchers observed corals sending out green under blue light. “It’s a dance of partnership guided by light,” explains marine biologist Dr. Kenji Nakamura. Without this interaction, coral bleaching (白化) — a major threat to coral ecosystems — would speed up. Another wonder comes from the Hawaiian bobtail squid (短尾乌贼). When threatened by hunters, it releases a cloud of bio-fluorescent ink. The sudden burst of light confuses attackers, buying the squid precious seconds to escape. Dr. Emily Carter who led the study notes, “This is evolution’s version of a smoke screen — but far more shining.” The discovery of GFP — green fluorescent protein (绿色荧光蛋白) — in jellyfish in 1962 revolutionized science. Researchers realized GFP could be used to mark specific cells, making invisible processes visible. Today, it lights up nerve cells in brain studies, helping map out connections in diseases like Alzheimer’s. “GFP is a window into the brain’s hidden workings,” says brain scientist Dr. Maria Gonzalez. Scientists are now copying bio-fluorescence to develop sustainable technologies. For example, fluorescent proteins inspire energy-efficient LED lighting, and bio-fluorescent markers could improve medical imaging. “Nature’s designs are blueprints for human innovation,” says materials scientist Dr. Raj Patel. Yet mysteries remain. Over 200 species of bio-fluorescent fish were recently discovered, their purposes still unclear. As submarines dive deeper, each expedition reveals new players in this beautiful underwater light show, proving that the ocean’s depths still guard ancient secrets. 1．How is bio-fluorescence different from bioluminescence? A．It is drawing less attention. B．It produces brighter lights. C．It needs an outside light source. D．It makes better use of chemical reactions. 2．What can we learn about the examples in paragraphs 3 and 4? A．They both describe light-based hunting methods. B．They both explain the formation of a close partnership. C．They both highlight potential threats to the environment. D．They both show survival functions of bio-fluorescence. 3．What is the main use of GFP in science? A．To protect corals from bleaching. B．To create more efficient LED lights. C．To treat the disease of Alzheimer’s. D．To visualize cells for better observation. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Hidden Light Show B．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Display of Beauty C．Bioluminescence: Ocean’s Ancient Magic Power D．Bioluminescence: Colourful Window into Ocean Secret Passage 5 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Aurora Nikula, 5, is having a normal day at her nursery. She is making a cake out of sand and mud, adding in make-believe carrots, potatoes and meat. Aki Sinkkonen, a scientist, is watching. He’s also very interested in Aurora’s cake, but for different reasons. “Perfect,” he says, admiring the way she is mixing soil, sand and leaves and then putting it on her face. “She’s really getting her hands in it.” To a hygiene-conscious (注重卫生的) kindergarten, this could be a problem, but at Humpula daycare centre in Helsinki, children are encouraged to increase their contact with the microscopic (显微的) biodiversity. This kindergarten was included in a two-year study looking at how biodiversity enhancements affect the microbial composition of children’s skin and saliva. The staff dug up and installed a giant live carpet of forest floor. The plants, dead wood and soil in the daycare centre were specially selected for their rich micro-biodiversity. Children grow carrots, potatoes and cucumbers, harvesting and cooking what they plant. When winter approaches, the crops fade — but the outdoor adventures do not. A year later, it found that children who were in contact with nature had a lower probability of catching an illness resulting from disorders in the immune system. The results support the “old friends” hypothesis (假设) that humans evolved alongside microbes in air, plants and soil. The body can exchange useful microbes with the natural world to stay healthy. Without contact with these organisms — through soil, plants, and air — immune function can become overactive, leading to disease. The kindergartens provide evidence of just how crucial healthy ecosystems are to human health. As biodiversity, habitats and wild species are lost around the planet, there is huge potential harm for human wellbeing. Increasing on site biodiversity can be a win-win for children’s health and the environment. Based on that, the University of Sheffield has done research on installing green barriers around school playgrounds to prevent air pollution from harming children’s health. Hunter’s Bar infant school in Sheffield created a 70-metre-long fence of plants that wraps around the playground. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in the playground were reduced by 13% six months after planting, and further decreases are expected as the fence matures. 1．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Guided hands-on practice. B．Kids’ exposure to dirt and mud. C．Delicious homemade food for kids. D．The diversity of species in nurseries. 2．What did the staff at Humpula daycare centre do? A．Rewild their kindergarten. B．Grow a forest in the backyard. C．Expand forest education among kids. D．Introduce kids to sustainable farming. 3．Why does nature contact reduce people’s chance of getting sick? A．It uplifts their mood. B．It enhances co-evolution. C．It removes harmful microbes. D．It balances their immune system. 4．Why does the author mention the Sheffield study? A．To advocate for green schools. B．To give direction for further research. C．To promote healthy growth in school children. D．To show an application of the research finding. Passage 6 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Fancy letting a machine mediate (调解) your argument? It could be the latest application for AI. Scientists at Google’s DeepMind project designed what they call the Habermas Machine, a large language AI named after German philosopher Jürgen Habermas. The system works by taking written views of individuals within a group and using them to generate a set of group statements designed to be acceptable to all. Group members can then rate these statements. The most popular statement is then returned to participants to assess. Next, the AI mediation system generates revised statements, which participants again rate. The system then selects the winning statement. The team used the system in a series of experiments involving a total of more than 5,000 participants who responded to various topics. The researchers found the initial group statement from the Habermas Machine was preferred by participants 56% of the time over a group statement produced by human mediators. Part of the model’s success, researchers say, lies in its determination to give special weight to dissenting opinion. It was not the case that participants always switched opinion to support the majority view. Rather than siding with the majority, it allowed minority voices to feel heard. The AI mediation system “offers a new approach to collective deliberation (审议) that avoids some of the limitations of in-person deliberation, including its cost, limited scale, the potential for mediator bias.” the researchers conclude. However, the AI mediation process may lack some of the benefits of in-person discussion, they write, such as “nonverbal clues and the opportunity to build interpersonal relationships with other discussants.” Machine seldom offers participants the chance to explain their feelings. In addition, the researchers note that the AI mediation system could generate an ill-informed output if asked to synthesize (合成) human opinions that are based on limited or biased information. Thus, the researchers conclude that if their system is used in the real world, it should be “embedded in a larger deliberative process, including careful selection of participants to ensure that a balanced and diverse community is represented in the debate.” 1．What is Habermas Machine aimed at? A．Simplifying rating system. B．Facilitating greater agreement. C．Managing interpersonal conflict. D．Honouring the German philosopher. 2．What does the underlined word “dissenting” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Informed. B．Novel. C．Differing. D．Decisive. 3．What may be the disadvantage of the AI-mediated discussions? A．They lack shared collective wisdom. B．They raise participants’ opportunity cost. C．They fail to tap into participants’ potential. D．They rarely promote empathy among participants. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Risks of AI mediation. B．Future AI developments. C．Tips on AI mediation use. D．Ethical concerns about AI. Passage 7 （2026·江苏徐州·二模） For people with abnormal blood glucose and potential diabetes susceptible groups, long-term daily blood glucose monitoring is essential, yet traditional invasive detection has long troubled them. Frequent finger pricking brings lasting stinging pain and minor skin infection risks, lowering long-term monitoring compliance, especially for the elderly and teens with weak tolerance. Breaking these pain points, a new plant-based noninvasive monitoring patch (无创监测贴) becomes a disruptive innovation in household medical supplies, abandoning needle blood collection entirely and bringing a new experience for daily blood glucose tracking. The patch’s core is a specially developed polysaccharide biomembrane (多糖生物膜), extracted from natural medicinal plant fibers and seaweed polysaccharides without skin-irritating chemical additives. With excellent skin affinity and biocompatibility, it causes no redness, itching, allergies or epidermal damage even for 24-hour continuous wearing. Attached tightly to wrist skin, it penetrates the superficial cuticle to capture subtle changes in interstitial fluid (组织间液) closely linked to blood glucose, turning weak biological signals into stable blood glucose parameters without harming body tissues. In the first quarter of 2026, the patch officially obtained national Class II medical device certification and passed strict clinical verification. Clinical data shows its detection accuracy reaches 95%, highly consistent with results of traditional venous blood test (静脉血检测), far exceeding ordinary household health care products. Medical researchers note this certification turns the patch from a simple care product into a professional home medical device, filling the gap of painless, high-precision home blood glucose monitoring for non-hospital groups. As a disposable product, the patch is hygienic and convenient, needing no repeated cleaning or professional calibration before use. Users only need to clean wrist skin and paste it evenly, then it stably collects real-time blood glucose data all day, adapting to office work, outdoor sports and rest. Unlike bulky, complex hospital detectors needing professional operation, this ultra-thin portable patch is easy to carry, realizing all-weather unattended health monitoring. This plant-based patch marks a breakthrough in home medical technology, representing the future trend of chronic disease prevention and home-based care. It lowers the threshold of professional health monitoring for ordinary families, turning complex medical detection into a simple daily operation and offering a reliable way for early warning of blood glucose-related risks. With optimized plant extraction technology, such mild medical devices will cover more chronic health management fields and benefit more people in need. 1．What is the core goal of developing the plant-based patch? A．Reducing the cost of blood tests. B．Speeding up blood glucose detection. C．Expanding the use of plant extracts. D．Easing the pain of glucose monitoring. 2．Why is polysaccharide biomembrane chosen as the core material? A．To ensure skin safety for long-term wear. B．To speed up signal conversion efficiency. C．To increase the patch’s service life. D．To reduce the production cost of patches. 3．What benefit does the patch bring to users compared with hospital detectors? A．It requires more professional operation. B．It offers higher detection accuracy overall. C．It can replace regular venous blood tests. D．It enables more convenient daily monitoring. 4．What will the author most likely talk about next? A．The history of invasive blood glucose tests. B．The side effects of long-term patch use. C．The application of the patch in more fields. D．The challenges of plant extraction technology. Passage 1 （2026·苏锡常镇·二模） Picture yourself halfway up a winding trail, lungs burning, legs trembling, the summit still out of sight. You want to stop but you don’t. Something quiet and steady inside keeps you moving. That inner force, psychologists call grit (毅力) — the combination of persistence (坚持) and passion that keeps us going after goals. A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild. Over 1,200 university students took part in a 16–18-week course in either traditional physical education or outdoor education. Their grit levels were measured before and after the courses from two aspects: persistence of effort and consistency of interest. The answer, it turns out, lies somewhere between sweat and scenery. Both groups improved, but the difference was striking. Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence. Students who spent a term facing real-world challenges became mentally stronger. That sense of mastery — “I can handle this” — builds the same kind of grit linked to lower anxiety, better dealing with stress, and greater life satisfaction. In contrast, traditional PE improved students’ persistence but actually reduced their interest consistency — their ability to stay engaged with long-term goals. Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty. Newness doesn’t just keep us entertained; it keeps us engaged. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates). Together, they create a powerful recipe for inner motivation. This study shows that the environment we learn in shapes not just our bodies but our minds’ ability to persist.In a world of digital distraction (分心) and instant satisfaction, outdoor education reminds us that grit grows through hardship. For anyone seeking for long-term change, the message is simple: step outside. 1．Which one is most beneficial to the development of grit? A．Running on the same school track. B．Swimming in a sports center pool. C．Climbing mountains in a natural park. D．Playing basketball in an indoor stadium. 2．What does the underlined word “thrives” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Focuses. B．Grows. C．Depends. D．Survives. 3．Why is Self-Determination Theory mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain outdoor programs’ motivational effect. B．To analyze the physical benefits of newness in life. C．To introduce the popularity of outdoor education. D．To define the key driving factors of motivation. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Grit contributes to the long-term change. B．Outdoor challenges build a tougher mind. C．Natural scenery improves mental health. D．Routine workouts weaken inner motivation. Passage 2 （2026·江苏苏州·二模） Few people outside the shipping industry know palletization, widely called “dǎbǎn” in Chinese air freight.It refers to loading goods onto standardized unit load devices, a key step that ensures the safety and efficiency of air transport. According to IATA’s 2024 report, over 90%of global air cargo depends on this method,with about 1.1 million active devices supporting cross-border delivery every day. Palletization follows strict and clear rules: heavy goods are placed at the bottom, fragile items are kept above,and all packages are neatly arranged and tightly fixed with nets or straps. This careful arrangement prevents goods from sliding or falling during flight. Wei Jianming, a loading supervisor at Ezhou Huahu Airport, leads a team of workers handling hundreds of tons of cargo daily. A 2025 study on aircraft loading shows that standard weight distribution cuts in-flight cargo movement by 87%, greatly reducing flight safety risks and protecting valuable goods from damage. This process also creates huge economic value for global trade. A 2023 IATA survey notes that 2% to 20% of improperly prepared load devices are rejected each year, causing flight delays and extra transport costs. During the pandemic,Guangzhou Customs’ efficient pallet system reduced medical supply handling time to within 13 hours. Special temperature-controlled pallets also protect vaccines and medicine by keeping them at 2–8℃for up to 120 hours, which is highly important for international medical support. Modern palletization has become more technical and environmentally friendly.Eco-friendly composite pallets cut carbon emissions by 38% compared with traditional metal types, and over 10,000 have been put into use since 2023. Efficient palletization shortens the factory-to-flight process to just 15 hours, supporting hundreds of billions of yuan in cross-border trade. As a vital part of air cargo, it keeps global logistics and emergency supply chains running smoothly and reliably,connecting businesses and families across the world. 1．Why does the author introduce palletization at the beginning of the text? A．To explain a professional term. B．To lead in the core topic. C．To show air cargo’s global growth. D．To compare different transport methods. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Improper palletization causes extra economic losses. B．All unit load devices are rejected every year. C．Medical supplies need no temperature control. D．Guangzhou Customs created the pallet system. 3．What does the underlined word “composite” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Natural. B．Traditional. C．Metal. D．Synthetic. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．How to expand air cargo scale in the future with palletization B．How to update palletization operation rules for the years ahead C．How to reduce flight delays via palletization in the coming years D．How to further improve palletization for future development Passage 3 （2026·江苏苏州·二模） Red-themed cultural education plays a key role in fostering students’ patriotism and sense of responsibility. Let’s check out several excellent red-themed practice platforms that can bring revolutionary history and spirit to life for your child’s school learning experience. Revolutionary History Virtual Museums To make revolutionary history accessible and engaging, the National Museum of China has launched a series of virtual red-themed museums. These online exhibitions feature 3D interactive views of historic sites, interactive timelines of major revolutionary events, and audio stories of revolutionary martyrs. Students can “visit” iconic sites like the Nanhu Red Boat and the Zunyi Meeting Site from home, and learn about the struggles and sacrifices of the older generation. Red Culture Storytelling Competitions Organized by the Communist Youth League of China, this annual competition encourages students to explore local red history, collect stories of revolutionary heroes, and present them in creative forms like speeches, short plays, or short videos. Open to students from primary to high school, it also provides free training workshops on historical research and public speaking for all participants. Red-themed Social Practice Camps Run by local education authorities and red culture research institutions, these offline camps take students to real revolutionary memorial sites, old revolutionary base areas, and memorial halls. During the 3-5 day camps, students can take part in hands-on activities like experiencing wartime life, making military supplies, and interviewing veterans. The camps also include group discussions to help students truly understand the red spirit. Red Spirit Lecture Series This online lecture series invites historians, veterans, and descendants of revolutionary martyrs to share their insights and personal stories. Each lecture focuses on a specific red spirit, such as the Long March Spirit, the Yan’an Spirit, and the Two Bombs, One Satellite Spirit. The lectures are recorded and available on the official education platform, allowing students to watch at their own pace and join live Q&A sessions. 1．What is available in the virtual museums? A．Offline hands-on activities B．3D interactive site views C．Annual creative competitions D．Live veteran interviews 2．What do the camps and lectures share? A．They are fully online B．They require creative works C．They hold offline discussions D．They involve veterans 3．Where is the text probably from? A．An education magazine B．A history research journal C．A local government report D．A literary story collection Passage 4 （2026·江苏苏州·二模） Global climate labs have heavily invested in trillion-parameter AI models, aiming to refine long-term climate projections and extreme weather warnings by analyzing massive historical data (temperature profiles, ocean currents, and atmospheric humidity gradients). Traditional wisdom assumes larger models guarantee higher accuracy, but recent research from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) challenges this assumption, focusing on how model scale impacts real-world prediction reliability. The study sampled 12 leading climate AI projects, comparing regional-scale models (e.g., European medium-range forecast systems) with global-scale giants (e.g., CMIP6 series models) across 10-year trend fitting and extreme event prediction. It measured how each system interprets the chaotic nature of Earth’s climate system, a critical variable often overlooked in oversized models trained on raw data rather than physical constraints. Findings reveal a stark trade-off: hyper-scaled models outperform smaller ones in short-term (1–3 months) warnings, with tropical cyclone path prediction errors reduced by 22%, but they struggle with long-term (6–12 months) projections. Overfitting becomes rampant, as large models mistake historical climate anomalies (e.g., extreme heatwaves, heavy droughts) for fixed trends, widening prediction biases by 34% compared to physics-constrained small models, which maintain 18% higher accuracy in regional anomaly detection at 1/5 the computational cost. Beyond precision issues, over-reliance on large AI models creates a skills gap in climate research. Young researchers trained on automated tools often lose the ability to manually adjust key parameters (e.g., boundary layer settings, cloud droplet concentrations), weakening their capacity to fine-tune models for regional needs. Policymakers, meanwhile, are misled by large models’ “global optimality” claims, ignoring local climate disparities and undermining the effectiveness of adaptation plans. The WCRP study concludes that climate AI progress hinges on balance, not scale. Future models should adopt a hybrid architecture: small models capture regional climate nuances, while large models handle global trends — both anchored to Earth’s physical constraints. True predictive power lies not in bigger data, but in smarter integration of global and regional realities. 1．What do traditional researchers assume of hyper-scaled AI vs small models? A．Cut costs with precise long-term forecasts. B．Outperform small models in all forecasts. C．Fail long-term trends via data overfitting. D．Stick to physical laws not raw data. 2．What does the 2026 WCRP study find about the two AI models? A．Lower long-term error margins by 34%. B．Mix random shifts with fixed climate trends. C．Boost short-term warning accuracy by 22%. D．Produce more false climate signals overall. 3．What harm comes from over-reliance on large AI models? A．Reduce global climate research funding greatly. B．Weaken researchers’manual parameter skills. C．Mislead policymakers on local climate gaps. D．Stop automated data analysis tool development. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Balance scale and bigger AI models fully B．Balance trends with small physics-based models C．Balance model scale and physical constraints D．Balance big data and climate AI applications Passage 5 （2026·江苏徐州·二模） More than two decades ago,marine biologists discovered a surprising ecosystem in the Mariana Trench’s hadal (超深渊的) zone, where sunlight never reaches and water pressure tops 1,000 times that at sea level. They found chemosynthetic (化能合成的) microbes thriving not by converting sunlight, but by breaking down inorganic compounds from hydrothermal vents, creating a self-sustaining system that defied long-standing traditional ecological theories about life survival. What makes this discovery groundbreaking is that these unique microbes, many never cultured in labs and whose unique metabolic mechanisms remain largely unexplored, hold huge potential to reshape sustainable energy and bio-remediation. In a 2025 Chinese Academy of Sciences study,researchers launched the first comprehensive expedition to map deep-sea chemosynthetic microbial communities. Using advanced deep-sea ROVs equipped with high-resolution underwater genomic sequencers, they collected 5,000+samples and identified 123 new strains with distinct metabolic characteristics unseen in shallow-sea microbes. Most surprising was that some strains survived 2°C to 80°C, far more adaptable than any land microbe, thanks to specialized extreme-stable enzymes. A key application lies in carbon sequestration, a critical climate challenge. Unlike energy-heavy artificial methods, these microbes absorb CO₂from seawater and turn it into solid carbonates. A 2025 South China Sea trial found one cubic meter of microbial culture sequesters 2.3 kg of CO₂daily, 15 times faster than artificial techniques. The resulting minerals store permanently on the seabed, avoiding leakage risks plaguing underground storage. However, commercialization faces big hurdles.Most strains need extreme conditions — high pressure, low temperature, specific nutrients — that labs can’t easily replicate, driving up costs and lowering yield, and hindering large-scale lab research progress. Only 8%of identified strains have been cultured in simulated environments,with production costs over$500 per kg of biomass, making it uncompetitive with conventional energy. Despite this, researchers plan a semi-submerged platform in the Mariana Trench by 2027 to experiment in the microbes’natural habitat. With China’s deep-sea scientific exploration and marine tech research accelerating rapidly, these tiny organisms, once hidden in extreme ocean depths, may soon offer vital solutions for climate change and energy security, turning the deep sea’s secret microbial world into a future resource. 1．What is the core trait of the microbes? A．Absorb sunlight to grow. B．Live in shallow sea beds. C．Live on vent inorganic matters. D．Thrive in artificial labs. 2．What did the 2025 expedition discover? A．Map global microbe zones. B．Find all heat-resistant strains. C．Uncover 123 new microbe strains. D．Test extreme-stable enzymes. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly cover? A．Lab carbon sequestration steps. B．Microbes’ carbon sequestration value. C．Artificial vs natural storage. D．Underground leakage risks. 4．Why mention commercial hurdles? A．Explain current tech barriers. B．Warn of high research costs. C．Prove no commercial future. D．Criticize lab culture progress. Passage 6 （2026·江苏南京·二模） For a long time, space exploration depended on large, heavy satellites that cost a huge amount of money and required powerful rockets to launch. These machines could weigh several tons and take years to design and build. But in recent years, tiny satellites have completely changed how humans explore and use outer space. Mini-satellites (微型卫星) are no bigger than a small box. Some are even just the size of a book. At first, many space experts doubted whether such small machines could work well in outer space. They worried the tiny tools would not be strong enough to stand the environment outside the Earth’s atmosphere. Early mini-satellites had clear limitations. They could carry only simple instruments and had short working lives. Most could not change their direction once in orbit, and their signals were easy to lose. Yet scientists refused to give up. They kept testing new materials and smaller, smarter electronic parts to solve these problems. Modern mini-satellites are far more powerful than their early forms. Special light metals and plastic protect them from extreme temperatures and space rubbish. They are equipped with small cameras, sensors and communication systems that can record data and send messages back to Earth. Some can even move gently in orbit by using special low-power engines. What makes these tiny satellites so useful is their ability to work in groups. Instead of launching one large satellite, scientists send up tens or even hundreds of mini-satellites at the same time. They spread out in orbit and cover larger areas than any single big satellite. This group work helps with weather recording, environmental monitoring and space mapping. Another important advantage is the cost. Mini-satellites cost far less to build and launch. Universities, small research groups and even private companies can now afford to design and send up their own satellites. This has opened space research to far more people around the world. Today, mini-satellites are helping humans study the weather, watch over forests and oceans, and even support communication in remote areas. They have proved that size does not decide value in space. As technology continues to improve, these small but strong satellites will play an even bigger role in the future of space exploration. 1．What protects mini-satellites from space risks? A．Thick, heavy metal covers. B．Light metals and special plastic. C．High power, strong engines. D．Small, clear camera lenses. 2．What does the underlined word “limitations” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Clear, useful advantages. B．Clear, obvious weaknesses. C．New, useful functions. D．Old, serious problems. 3．What was a shortcoming of early mini-satellites? A．Short, limited working lives. B．Strong, clear signal strength. C．Easy, quick direction changes. D．Heavy, complex material structure. 4．What is the best title for this text? A．Large, heavy old satellites B．Space rubbish and its bad effects C．Rocket launch costs and methods D．Small satellites, big space value Passage 7 （2026·江苏南京·二模） Recently, language experts have noted surprising parallels between classical Chinese poetry and ancient Western verse, hidden links that had gone unnoticed for centuries. The unexpected similarities have excited literary researchers who study ancient writings across different cultures. These shared ideas are found in works written more than a thousand years apart, by poets who never could have known of each other’s existence. A research team focusing on classical literature recently published their study of these matching themes and feelings in ancient poems. In their report, the team explained they had been comparing ancient texts for a translation project when they discovered the shared expressions. Early reviews from other scholars showed the poems held completely normal styles until close comparison brought the links to light. For example, a poem from China’s Tang Dynasty about the fleeting nature of time uses imagery of falling petals and flowing rivers, while a Roman poet from the same historical era wrote of time as a river that carries away all things. Both poets used nature to express the universal fear of losing what is precious. Researchers are now collecting more examples to find the true reason for these similarities. They believe the parallels come from universal human experiences that poets from all cultures naturally express. Besides their shared ideas, the poems remain true to their own cultural styles and artistic values. Chinese poets often use subtle, indirect language to convey emotion, while Western poets of the same period tended to use more direct, dramatic language. The cross-cultural literature project was started in 2018 and now studies more than 800 ancient poems from both Chinese and European traditions. These works were created during different historical periods, when civilizations had little to no direct contact with one another. From the Tang Dynasty in China to ancient Greece and Rome, poets wrote of nature, time, love and loss in surprisingly similar ways. The true depth of these connections still requires more study. Readers have long felt warmth and wisdom from these ancient poems, and some have noticed shared emotional power. Modern researchers now warn that these hidden links may change how people understand the history of world literature. They suggest that future studies could explore how these shared themes reflect common philosophical ideas about life and the universe, even in societies that developed in complete isolation from one another. 1．When was the cross-cultural literature project launched? A．In the Tang Dynasty B．In ancient Greece and Rome C．In the year 2018 D．Over a thousand years ago 2．Which of the following can best illustrate the theory in Paragraph 2? A．A Chinese poet uses a moon to miss family,a British poet uses a star for the same feeling. B．A Japanese poet uses cherry blossoms,a Chinese poet uses willows in spring. C．A modern poet uses social media,an ancient poet uses scrolls. D．A French poet writes of love,a German poet writes of war. 3．What do researchers think causes the poetic parallels? A．Direct cultural communication B．Shared translation methods C．Universal human life experiences D．Similar historical development 4．What do the last two paragraphs mainly intend to do? A．To add more poetic examples for study B．To point out research value and direction C．To compare different cultural backgrounds D．To confirm all shared poetic themes 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 Passage 1：1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A Passage 2：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.D Passage 3：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D Passage 4：1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A Passage 5：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D Passage 6：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C Passage 7：1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C Passage 1：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B Passage 2：1.A 2.A 3.D 4.D Passage 3：1.B 2.D 3.A Passage 4：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C Passage 5：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A Passage 6：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D Passage 7：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $