专题02 语法背默及训练-2025-2026学年七年级下学期期末复习（外研版2024）

专题02 语法背默及训练 Unit 1 高频考点 一般过去时 　　一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如“时间段+ago”、last year、yesterday等。 一般过去时习惯上分为两种:系动词be构成的一般过去时和行为动词构成的一般过去时。 一． 系动词be构成的一般过去时 (1)系动词be的过去式 I was strict about my study.我对我的学习要求严格。 The town wasn't so big when I lived here. 我在这个镇住的时候这里没有这么大。 They were born in the same year.他们是同一年出生的。 (2)含有系动词be的一般过去时的句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+其他. I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。 否定句 主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他. I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。 一般疑 问句及 其答语 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。 二． 行为动词构成的一般过去时 　　我们在谈论过去的动作或状态时,常要用到行为动词。行为动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 (1)行为动词的过去式的规则变化 构成规则 例词 一般动词结尾加-ed ask — asked call — called happen — happened 以“不发音的e”结尾的动词后直接加-d like — liked move — moved close — closed 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop — stopped hug — hugged plan — planned 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed study — studied cry — cried try — tried (2)不规则动词的过去式的常见变化规则 规则 例词 过去式和原形同形 cut — cut　　hit — hit 中间元音变化 i变为a give — gave swim — swam i变为o ride — rode drive — drove o/a变为e know — knew hold — held e变为o get — got forget — forgot an变为oo stand — stood understand — understood ell变为old sell — sold　 tell — told eak变为oke break — broke　 speak — spoke ake变为ook take — took　 shake — shook 结尾的d变为t build — built　 spend — spent send — sent 元音字母及其后边的部分变为ought/aught bring — brought　 buy — bought teach — taught　 catch — caught think — thought 注意① 有些动词的过去式有两种形式:dream — dreamt/dreamed,learn — learnt/learned,smell —smelt/smelled等。 ②有些动词的过去式不符合以上变化规律:am/is — was,are — were,do — did,have — had,eat — ate,find — found,fly — flew,go — went,hide — hid,leave — left,lose — lost,make — made,may — might,run — ran,see — saw,wear — wore等。 (3)行为动词的一般过去时的句式变化 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其他. She helped me with my maths last week.她上周帮我学数学了。 否定句 主语+didn't+动词原形+其他. She didn't help me with my maths last week.她上周没有帮我学数学。 一般疑 问句及 其答语 Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didn't. —Did she help you with your maths last week?她上周帮你学数学了吗? —Yes,she did./No, she didn't.是的,她帮了。/不,她没帮。 三． 一般过去时的特殊疑问句 (1)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的句式结构 特殊疑问词在 句中的成分 谓语动词是系动词be 谓语动词是实义动词 特殊疑问词作主语 特殊疑问词+was/were+其他? 特殊疑问词+实义动词的过去式+其他? 特殊疑问词作其他成分 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他? 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词原形+其他? Who was with your grandma this morning?今天早上谁和你奶奶在一起? When were you in the house last?你最后一次在这房子里是什么时候? Who bought you the bike?谁给你买的这辆自行车? How did you learn English?你(之前)是如何学英语的? (2)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的答语 　　特殊疑问句的答语和一般疑问句的答语不同,回答特殊疑问句不用yes或no。回答时,可用一个完整的句子,也可用省略形式。问句是一般过去时,答语也应用表示一般过去时的句子或短语。 —What did you do last night?昨天晚上你们做什么了?—We went to the movies.我们去看电影了。 —When did you go to Beijing?你什么时候去北京了?—Last week.上星期。 1. I ________ (live) in Tianjin now, but I ________ (be) in Shandong three years ago. 2. Yesterday my mother ________ (pick) some strawberries and ________ (take) them home. 3. When she was five years old, she ________ (can) ride a bike. But she can now. 4. Where did you ________ (go) just now? 5. My father ________ (buy) a new car last month. 6. We ________ (have) a great time at the park yesterday. 7. She ________ (not finish) her homework last night. 8. ________ you ________ (see) the movie last Friday? 9. The museum ________ (open) to the public in 2010. 10. They ________ (not play) football because it rained. 1. live; was 2. picked; took 3. couldn't 4. go 5. bought 6. had 7. didn't finish 8. Did; see 9. opened 10. didn't play Unit 2 高频考点 不定代词 表示不特定的人或物和不定数量的代词称为不定代词。英语中不定代词很多,用法也比较灵活,这里只介绍常见的几个。 (1)neither和none 单词 用法 例句 neither“两者 都不,两者中无一” 表示对两者的否定,后接单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“neither of+复数名词/复数代词”作主语时,谓语动词多用单数。 Neither of the boys learns Latin. 这两个男孩都没学拉丁语。 none“全无,没有一点” 表示对三者及以上的否定,与可数名词连用作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 None of the teachers agree(s) with the plan.没有一个老师同意这项计划。 与不可数名词连用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 None of the work was done. 那些工作全都没做。 (2)both和all 单词 用法 例句 both“两者都” 表示“两者都”,表示肯定,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 Both of the backpacks are empty.这两个背包都是空的。 all“全体, 一切” 指三者及以上,常与of连用,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词与of后的名词在数上保持一致。 All of the teachers are having a meeting.所有的老师都在开会。 All of the information was helpful. 所有信息都很有帮助。 both和all均可用于主语之后。 We both/all like reading.我们俩/大家都喜欢阅读。 (3)each和either 单词 用法 例句 each“每个” each可作主语的同位语 用于两者或两者以上,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book to read.每个学生都有一本要读的书。 either“(两者中的)任何一个” 用于两者之间,表示二选一,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 Either of the roads leads to the park.这两条路都通向公园。 (4)some和any (1)两者都可表示“一些”,但some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。 Some of the students are talking about the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. 一些学生正在谈论北斗卫星导航系统。 They didn't tell any of us.他们没有告诉我们中的任何一个。 (2)当期望得到肯定回答,或表示请求、建议、邀请语气时,疑问句中也可用some。 The fish is fresh and delicious. Would you like some? 鱼肉新鲜美味。你要来点儿吗? (3)any用于肯定句中时,表示“任一,任何一些”。 —Which colour do you want? 你要哪种颜色?—Any of them will do. 随便哪种都行。 1. —Would you like some tea or coffee? —____________. I'd like some water. 2. I invited Joe and Taylor to my party, but ________ of them came. 3. She has two sons, but ________ of them is active enough. 4. There are ________ of people in the zoo. No one is there. 5. __________ of the students passed the exam. They all failed. 6. I have two sisters. ________ of them are doctors. 7. —Is your friend coming today or tomorrow? —__________ is OK. I'm free both days. 8. __________ knows the answer. Ask someone else. 9. These books are interesting. I'd like to take __________ home. 10. __________ Mary nor Lucy likes vegetables. They prefer fruit. 1. Neither 2. neither 3. neither 4. none 5. None 6. Both 7. Either 8. No one / Nobody 9. some / both 10. Neither Unit 3 高频考点 系动词 　　英语动词中,有的动词后面要接名词或代词等作宾语,有的可以单独作谓语,而有的则要接形容词或名词等作主语的补充成分。我们把后面接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。最常用的系动词是be。 除be以外,系动词还包括以下常见系动词: 一． 常见的感官动词 单词 含义 例句 look 看起来 The girl looks worried. 那个女孩看起来很焦虑。 sound 听起来 It sounded too good to be true.这听上去太好了,简直不像是真的。 smell 闻起来 The dish doesn't smell very nice. 这菜闻起来不是很好。 taste 尝起来 The apples taste sweet. 这些苹果尝起来甜甜的。 feel 摸起来 The silk dress feels soft. 这件丝绸连衣裙摸起来很柔软。 此类系动词后面通常接形容词作表语,构成系表结构;其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助助动词do。 上面五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词可分别与我们的眼、耳、鼻、口和手相关联。 二． 其他常见的系动词 (1)go、get、become、grow、turn、fall等用于描述人或事物的状态发生某种变化。 The milk goes bad. 牛奶变质了。 The spring comes and the weather gets warmer and warmer. 春天来了,天气越来越暖和了。 More and more people become interested in Chinese culture. 越来越多的人开始对中国文化感兴趣。 (2)remain、keep、stay等作系动词,表示人或事物的状态保持一致,没有发生变化。 Though he is in danger, he remains calm. 尽管处于危险中,他依然很镇静。 1. The dish ________ delicious, but it ________ a little salty. 2. This kind of peach ________ really nice, but it ________ very sour. 3. Your voice ________ strange on the phone. What happened? 4. I like this T-shirt. It ________ good and ________ comfortable. 5. The music ________ so beautiful that I want to dance. 6. Don't eat that apple. It ________ bad. 7. —What do you think of this perfume? —It ________ very sweet. 8. The weather ________ colder and colder in winter. 9. She ________ very tired after the long journey. 10. The silk ________ smooth and soft to the touch. 1. tastes; tastes 2. looks; tastes 3. sounds 4. looks; feels 5. sounds 6. smells 7. smells 8. gets 9. felt 10. feels Unit 4 高频考点 祈使句 一． 概念 　　祈使句一般用于表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。在祈使句中,常省略第二人称主语you“你(们)”,句末用感叹号或句号。 二． 祈使句的常见句式 (1)Do型 肯定句:动词原形(+其他). 否定句:Don’t+动词原形(+其他). Read the rules carefully!认真阅读规则! Don't watch TV before finishing your homework.在完成你的家庭作业之前不要看电视。 (2)Be型 肯定句:Be+表语(+其他). 否定句:Don’t+be+表语(+其他). Be quiet! 安静! Don't be late. 不要迟到了。 (3)Let型 肯定句:Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他). 否定句:Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形(+其他).　　　 或Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他). Let me help you.让我来帮助你吧。 Don't let him go.别让他走。 Let's not sit here! 我们别坐在这儿! (4)No型 “No+名词/动词-ing形式”通常用于公共场合,意为“禁止做某事”。 NO PHOTOS禁止拍照 NO TALKING禁止说话 1. __________ talk with your classmates in class. It's not good. 2. __________ park here when you see the sign. 3. —Tom, ________ here to carry the box for me, will you? —All right. 4. __________ dressed now! We have to go right away. 5. __________ be late for the meeting. The boss will be angry. 6. __________ open the window. It's too cold outside. 7. __________ smoke in the museum. It's not allowed. 8. __________ careful when you cross the street. 9. __________ go shopping with us this afternoon. It'll be fun! 10. __________ forget to turn off the lights before you leave. 1. Don't 2. Don't 3. come 4. Get 5. Don't 6. Don't 7. Don't / No 8. Be 9. Let's 10. Don't Unit 5 高频考点 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 一． 形容词、副词的比较级 　　英语中,对两者进行比较时,形容词或副词要用比较级的形式,比较级之后通常由than引出比较的对象,表示“比……更……”。 The red box is heavier than the black one.那个红色的箱子比那个黑色的更重。 Who lives farther from school, Anna or Daisy?谁住得离学校更远,Anna还是Daisy? (1)形容词和副词的比较级的构成 　　形容词的比较级和副词的比较级的变化形式大致相同,大体上分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 ①单音节词和少数双音节词的规则变化如下: 构成方法 例词 原级 比较级 一般在词尾加-er tall, long, hard, fast taller, longer,harder, faster 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词直接加-r nice, fine, late nicer, finer, later 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er big, hot bigger, hotter 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,先变y为i,再加-er busy, easy, early busier, easier, earlier ②多音节词和部分双音节词的比较级要在词前加more,如beautiful(原级)→more beautiful(比较级),carefully(原级)→more carefully(比较级)。 —What do you think of maths, Liu Jing?你觉得数学怎么样,刘靖?—For me, maths is more difficult than English. 对我来说,数学比英语更难。 Her smile makes her more beautiful. 她的微笑使她更美丽了。 She drives more carefully than her husband. 她开车比她丈夫更小心。 ③less作副词时,可置于形容词或另一副词前,表示劣等比较,意为“不如……,没那么……”。 This model is less expensive than that one. 这款模型没有那款贵。 Which of the two tests is less difficult? 两次测验哪次更容易些? Her husband drives less carefully than her. 她丈夫开车没她小心。 ④常见形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化: 原级 比较级 good/well better bad/ill;badly worse many/much more little less (2)比较级的常用结构 ①“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”表示“A比B更……”。若比较的对象已经明确,可省略“than+B”。 Liu Qing and Liu Xiao are twins, but Liu Qing is taller.刘晴和刘晓是双胞胎,但是刘晴更高。 We're training harder, because we want to win.我们训练得更刻苦,因为我们想要获胜。 ②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越……”,两者后面不可接than。 It is colder and colder.天气越来越冷。 ③“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。 The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你越锻炼,就越健康。 ④“A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B”表示“A是B的多少倍……”。 This TV is twice bigger than that one. 这台电视是那台的两倍大/这台电视比那台大一倍。 (3)可修饰比较级的单词或短语 　　可修饰比较级的单词或短语主要有:much、a little、even、far、still、a lot、no、a bit、a great deal等,如a little lower、much higher、much more quickly。 The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点。 注意　①so、too、very只能修饰形容词或副词原级,不能修饰比较级。 ②在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,一般用any修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而不用some。 He can't jump any higher.他不能跳得更高了。 二． 形容词和副词的最高级 　　当我们要将三个或三个以上的事物进行比较时,可以用形容词或副词的最高级形式来表达。 (1)形容词和副词的最高级的构成 ①规则变化 构成方法 例词 单音节词 和少数双 音节词 一般在词尾加-est small→smallest high→highest 以字母e结尾的词直接加-st large→largest nice→nicest 以重读闭音节结尾的词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写该辅音字母,再加-est big→biggest thin→thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-est ugly→ugliest busy→busiest 大部分双 音节词和 多音节词 在单词前加most important→most important quickly→most quickly ②常见形容词、副词最高级的不规则变化 原级 最高级 good/well best bad/ill; badly worst much/many most little least (2)形容词和副词的最高级的用法 ①最高级表达的是三个及三个以上事物的比较状况,所以后面通常用in/of/among…来表示比较的范围。 Mary is the tallest of the four girls in the family. Mary在家里四个姑娘中是最高的一个。 ②形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词the; 副词的最高级前可加the,也可不加the。 Tom is the youngest boy in the class, but he reads books most carefully.Tom是班里年纪最小的男生,但是他读书最认真。 ③表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构;表示“第几个最……的(……)”时,用“the+序数词+形容词最高级(+可数名词单数)”结构。 He is one of the most popular writers in China. 他是中国最受欢迎的作家之一。 Chen Li is the second tallest boy in his class.陈立是他班里个子第二高的男生。 1. Of all the rivers in China, the Changjiang River is ________ (long). 2. Jogging is ________ (cheap) than many sports. 3. This is ________ (good) movie I've ever seen. 4. Jim jumps ________ (high) in our class. 5. She studies ________ (hard) than before to improve her English. 6. Today is even ________ (cold) than yesterday. 7. Which is ________ (big), the elephant or the tiger? 8. He is one of ________ (popular) singers in China. 9. The more you practice, the ________ (good) you'll become. 10. It's getting ________ and ________ (dark). Let's go home. 1. the longest 2. cheaper 3. the best 4. the highest 5. harder 6. colder 7. bigger 8. the most popular 9. better 10. darker; darker Unit 6 高频考点 同级比较 一． 同级比较的句式表达 同级比较最明显的标志是as…as…,表示“和……一样……”,它的否定形式为not as/so…as…, 表示“不像……那样……”。表示两个人或事物同一性质的比较。两个as之间通常为表示数量、程度、性质的形容词,如many、much、little、few、good、tall等。前一个as为副词,后面跟形容词或副词的原级;后一个as为连接词,后跟相比较的另一个人或物,也可以跟从句。 The tree is as tall as the building.这棵树和那幢楼一样高。 My mother teaches Grade 7 this year. She is as busy as before. 我妈妈今年教七年级。她和以前一样忙。 He is as interested as you are in the matter. 对此事他与你一样关心。 This kind of language appeared as early as the Stone Age. 这种语言最早出现在石器时代。 I can do it quicker than you and do it as well as you. 我能做得比你快且做得和你一样好。 My handwriting is not as/so beautiful as yours. 我的书写不如你的漂亮。 Objects are not as/so heavy in water as they are in air. 物体在水中没有在空气中重。 It's not as/so hard as I thought. 这没有我想象的那么困难。 It doesn't rain as/so frequently here as it does in my country. 这儿下雨不如我们国家下雨频繁。 注意(1) 在“as…as…”结构中,当连词as后跟人称代词时,常用宾格形式。 She doesn't work as hard as me (=as hard as I do). 她没有我工作努力。 (2)当as…as…与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格等计量名词连用时,往往并不表示比较,而是构成一个形容词词组,意为“重达……;多达……;高达……;远至……”等。 She gets as many as eight thousand letters a month. 她一个月里收到的信件多达8 000封。 The river is as deep as 10 metres. 这条河深达10米。 拓展 (1)“not as/so…as…”也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving.=Cycling is less dangerous than diving.=Diving is more dangerous than cycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。 Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister.=Jim runs more slowly than my sister.=My sister runs faster than Jim.Jim没有我妹妹跑得快。 (2)在“as…as…”结构中,可以用almost、just、nearly、quite等副词修饰。 He is just as brave as you are. 他简直和你一样勇敢。 The book is quite as interesting as you expect. 这本书就像你期望的一样有趣。 1. I think life in the countryside is ________ (comfortable) than that in the city. 2. Look! Jack is swimming ________ a fish in the swimming pool. 3. You'd better memorize English words ________ (many) as possible. 4. She is ________ (busy) as a bee today. 5. This problem is not ________ (simple) as it seems. 6. Our classroom is ________ (large) as theirs. 7. He speaks English ________ (fluent) as his brother. 8. This hotel is ________ (expensive) as that one. They have the same price. 9. You must drive ________ (careful) as possible on the highway. 10. My house is ________ (big) as yours. 1. more comfortable 2. as well as 3. as many 4. as busy 5. so simple 6. as large 7. as fluently 8. as expensive 9. as carefully 10. as big 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法背默及训练 Unit 1 高频考点 一般过去时 　　一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如“时间段+ago”、last year、yesterday等。 一般过去时习惯上分为两种:系动词be构成的一般过去时和行为动词构成的一般过去时。 一． 系动词be构成的一般过去时 (1)系动词be的过去式 I was strict about my study.我对我的学习要求严格。 The town wasn't so big when I lived here. 我在这个镇住的时候这里没有这么大。 They were born in the same year.他们是同一年出生的。 (2)含有系动词be的一般过去时的句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+其他. I late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。 否定句 主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他. I late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。 一般疑 问句及 其答语 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. — you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。 二． 行为动词构成的一般过去时 　　我们在谈论过去的动作或状态时,常要用到行为动词。行为动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 (1)行为动词的过去式的规则变化 构成规则 例词 一般动词结尾加 ask — asked call — called happen — happened 以“不发音的e”结尾的动词后直接加 like — liked move — moved close — closed 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词,先 stop — stopped hug — hugged plan — planned 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, study — studied cry — cried try — tried (2)不规则动词的过去式的常见变化规则 规则 例词 过去式和原形同形 cut — cut　　hit — hit 中间元音变化 i变为a give — gave swim — swam i变为o ride — rode drive — drove o/a变为e know — knew hold — held e变为o get — got forget — forgot an变为oo stand — stood understand — understood ell变为old sell — sold　 tell — told eak变为oke break — broke　 speak — spoke ake变为ook take — took　 shake — shook 结尾的d变为t build — built　 spend — spent send — sent 元音字母及其后边的部分变为ought/aught bring — brought　 buy — bought teach — taught　 catch — caught think — thought 注意① 有些动词的过去式有两种形式:dream — dreamt/dreamed,learn — learnt/learned,smell —smelt/smelled等。 ②有些动词的过去式不符合以上变化规律:am/is — was,are — were,do — did,have — had,eat — ate,find — found,fly — flew,go — went,hide — hid,leave — left,lose — lost,make — made,may — might,run — ran,see — saw,wear — wore等。 (3)行为动词的一般过去时的句式变化 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其他. She me with my maths last week.她上周帮我学数学了。 否定句 主语+didn't+动词原形+其他. She help me with my maths last week.她上周没有帮我学数学。 一般疑 问句及 其答语 Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didn't. — she help you with your maths last week?她上周帮你学数学了吗? —Yes,she ./No, she .是的,她帮了。/不,她没帮。 三． 一般过去时的特殊疑问句 (1)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的句式结构 特殊疑问词在 句中的成分 谓语动词是系动词be 谓语动词是实义动词 特殊疑问词作主语 特殊疑问词+was/were+其他? 特殊疑问词+实义动词的过去式+其他? 特殊疑问词作其他成分 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他? 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词原形+其他? Who with your grandma this morning?今天早上谁和你奶奶在一起? When you in the house last?你最后一次在这房子里是什么时候? Who you the bike?谁给你买的这辆自行车? How you learn English?你(之前)是如何学英语的? (2)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的答语 　　特殊疑问句的答语和一般疑问句的答语不同,回答特殊疑问句不用yes或no。回答时,可用一个完整的句子,也可用省略形式。问句是一般过去时,答语也应用表示一般过去时的句子或短语。 —What you do last night?昨天晚上你们做什么了?—We to the movies.我们去看电影了。 —When you go to Beijing?你什么时候去北京了?—Last week.上星期。 1. I ________ (live) in Tianjin now, but I ________ (be) in Shandong three years ago. 2. Yesterday my mother ________ (pick) some strawberries and ________ (take) them home. 3. When she was five years old, she ________ (can) ride a bike. But she can now. 4. Where did you ________ (go) just now? 5. My father ________ (buy) a new car last month. 6. We ________ (have) a great time at the park yesterday. 7. She ________ (not finish) her homework last night. 8. ________ you ________ (see) the movie last Friday? 9. The museum ________ (open) to the public in 2010. 10. They ________ (not play) football because it rained. Unit 2 高频考点 不定代词 表示不特定的人或物和不定数量的代词称为不定代词。英语中不定代词很多,用法也比较灵活,这里只介绍常见的几个。 (1)neither和none 单词 用法 例句 neither“两者 都不,两者中无一” 表示对两者的否定,后接单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“neither of+复数名词/复数代词”作主语时,谓语动词多用单数。 of the boys learns Latin. 这两个男孩都没学拉丁语。 none“全无,没有一点” 表示对三者及以上的否定,与可数名词连用作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 of the teachers agree(s) with the plan.没有一个老师同意这项计划。 与不可数名词连用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 of the work was done. 那些工作全都没做。 (2)both和all 单词 用法 例句 both“两者都” 表示“两者都”,表示肯定,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 of the backpacks are empty.这两个背包都是空的。 all“全体, 一切” 指三者及以上,常与of连用,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词与of后的名词在数上保持一致。 of the teachers are having a meeting.所有的老师都在开会。 of the information was helpful. 所有信息都很有帮助。 both和all均可用于主语之后。 We both/all like reading.我们俩/大家都喜欢阅读。 (3)each和either 单词 用法 例句 each“每个” each可作主语的同位语 用于两者或两者以上,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 of the students has a book to read.每个学生都有一本要读的书。 either“(两者中的)任何一个” 用于两者之间,表示二选一,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 of the roads leads to the park.这两条路都通向公园。 (4)some和any (1)两者都可表示“一些”,但some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。 Some of the students are talking about the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. 一些学生正在谈论北斗卫星导航系统。 They didn't tell any of us.他们没有告诉我们中的任何一个。 (2)当期望得到肯定回答,或表示请求、建议、邀请语气时,疑问句中也可用some。 The fish is fresh and delicious. Would you like some? 鱼肉新鲜美味。你要来点儿吗? (3)any用于肯定句中时,表示“任一,任何一些”。 —Which colour do you want? 你要哪种颜色?—Any of them will do. 随便哪种都行。 1. —Would you like some tea or coffee? —____________. I'd like some water. 2. I invited Joe and Taylor to my party, but ________ of them came. 3. She has two sons, but ________ of them is active enough. 4. There are ________ of people in the zoo. No one is there. 5. __________ of the students passed the exam. They all failed. 6. I have two sisters. ________ of them are doctors. 7. —Is your friend coming today or tomorrow? —__________ is OK. I'm free both days. 8. __________ knows the answer. Ask someone else. 9. These books are interesting. I'd like to take __________ home. 10. __________ Mary nor Lucy likes vegetables. They prefer fruit. Unit 3 高频考点 系动词 　　英语动词中,有的动词后面要接名词或代词等作宾语,有的可以单独作谓语,而有的则要接形容词或名词等作主语的补充成分。我们把后面接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。最常用的系动词是be。 除be以外,系动词还包括以下常见系动词: 一． 常见的感官动词 单词 含义 例句 look 看起来 The girl worried. 那个女孩看起来很焦虑。 sound 听起来 It too good to be true.这听上去太好了,简直不像是真的。 smell 闻起来 The dish doesn't very nice. 这菜闻起来不是很好。 taste 尝起来 The apples sweet. 这些苹果尝起来甜甜的。 feel 摸起来 The silk dress soft. 这件丝绸连衣裙摸起来很柔软。 此类系动词后面通常接形容词作表语,构成系表结构;其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助助动词do。 上面五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词可分别与我们的眼、耳、鼻、口和手相关联。 二． 其他常见的系动词 (1)go、get、become、grow、turn、fall等用于描述人或事物的状态发生某种变化。 The milk goes bad. 牛奶变质了。 The spring comes and the weather gets warmer and warmer. 春天来了,天气越来越暖和了。 More and more people become interested in Chinese culture. 越来越多的人开始对中国文化感兴趣。 (2)remain、keep、stay等作系动词,表示人或事物的状态保持一致,没有发生变化。 Though he is in danger, he remains calm. 尽管处于危险中,他依然很镇静。 1. The dish ________ delicious, but it ________ a little salty. 2. This kind of peach ________ really nice, but it ________ very sour. 3. Your voice ________ strange on the phone. What happened? 4. I like this T-shirt. It ________ good and ________ comfortable. 5. The music ________ so beautiful that I want to dance. 6. Don't eat that apple. It ________ bad. 7. —What do you think of this perfume? —It ________ very sweet. 8. The weather ________ colder and colder in winter. 9. She ________ very tired after the long journey. 10. The silk ________ smooth and soft to the touch. Unit 4 高频考点 祈使句 一． 概念 　　祈使句一般用于表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。在祈使句中,常省略第二人称主语you“你(们)”,句末用感叹号或句号。 二． 祈使句的常见句式 (1)Do型 肯定句:动词原形(+其他). 否定句:Don’t+动词原形(+其他). Read the rules carefully!认真阅读规则! Don't watch TV before finishing your homework.在完成你的家庭作业之前不要看电视。 (2)Be型 肯定句:Be+表语(+其他). 否定句:Don’t+be+表语(+其他). Be quiet! 安静! Don't be late. 不要迟到了。 (3)Let型 肯定句:Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他). 否定句:Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形(+其他).　　　 或Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他). Let me help you.让我来帮助你吧。 Don't let him go.别让他走。 Let's not sit here! 我们别坐在这儿! (4)No型 “No+名词/动词-ing形式”通常用于公共场合,意为“禁止做某事”。 NO PHOTOS禁止拍照 NO TALKING禁止说话 1. __________ talk with your classmates in class. It's not good. 2. __________ park here when you see the sign. 3. —Tom, ________ here to carry the box for me, will you? —All right. 4. __________ dressed now! We have to go right away. 5. __________ be late for the meeting. The boss will be angry. 6. __________ open the window. It's too cold outside. 7. __________ smoke in the museum. It's not allowed. 8. __________ careful when you cross the street. 9. __________ go shopping with us this afternoon. It'll be fun! 10. __________ forget to turn off the lights before you leave. Unit 5 高频考点 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 一． 形容词、副词的比较级 　　英语中,对两者进行比较时,形容词或副词要用比较级的形式,比较级之后通常由than引出比较的对象,表示“比……更……”。 The red box is heavier than the black one.那个红色的箱子比那个黑色的更重。 Who lives farther from school, Anna or Daisy?谁住得离学校更远,Anna还是Daisy? (1)形容词和副词的比较级的构成 　　形容词的比较级和副词的比较级的变化形式大致相同,大体上分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 ①单音节词和少数双音节词的规则变化如下: 构成方法 例词 原级 比较级 一般在词尾加 tall, long, hard, fast taller, longer,harder, faster 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词 nice, fine, late nicer, finer, later 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时, 先 big, hot bigger, hotter 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词, busy, easy, early busier, easier, earlier ②多音节词和部分双音节词的比较级要在词前加more,如beautiful(原级)→more beautiful(比较级),carefully(原级)→more carefully(比较级)。 —What do you think of maths, Liu Jing?你觉得数学怎么样,刘靖?—For me, maths is than English. 对我来说,数学比英语更难。 Her smile makes her . 她的微笑使她更美丽了。 She drives than her husband. 她开车比她丈夫更小心。 ③less作副词时,可置于形容词或另一副词前,表示劣等比较,意为“不如……,没那么……”。 This model is than that one. 这款模型没有那款贵。 Which of the two tests is ? 两次测验哪次更容易些? Her husband drives than her. 她丈夫开车没她小心。 ④常见形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化: 原级 比较级 good/well bad/ill;badly many/much little (2)比较级的常用结构 ①“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”表示“A比B更……”。若比较的对象已经明确,可省略“than+B”。 Liu Qing and Liu Xiao are twins, but Liu Qing is .刘晴和刘晓是双胞胎,但是刘晴更高。 We're training , because we want to win.我们训练得更刻苦,因为我们想要获胜。 ②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越……”,两者后面不可接than。 It is and .天气越来越冷。 ③“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。 The you exercise, the you will be.你越锻炼,就越健康。 ④“A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B”表示“A是B的多少倍……”。 This TV is twice than that one. 这台电视是那台的两倍大/这台电视比那台大一倍。 (3)可修饰比较级的单词或短语 　　可修饰比较级的单词或短语主要有:much、a little、even、far、still、a lot、no、a bit、a great deal等,如a little lower、much higher、much more quickly。 The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点。 注意　①so、too、very只能修饰形容词或副词原级,不能修饰比较级。 ②在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,一般用any修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而不用some。 He can't jump any higher.他不能跳得更高了。 二． 形容词和副词的最高级 　　当我们要将三个或三个以上的事物进行比较时,可以用形容词或副词的最高级形式来表达。 (1)形容词和副词的最高级的构成 ①规则变化 构成方法 例词 单音节词 和少数双 音节词 一般在词尾 small→smallest high→highest 以字母e结尾的词 large→largest nice→nicest 以重读闭音节结尾的词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母, big→biggest thin→thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, ugly→ugliest busy→busiest 大部分双 音节词和 多音节词 在单词前加 important→most important quickly→most quickly ②常见形容词、副词最高级的不规则变化 原级 最高级 good/well bad/ill; badly much/many little (2)形容词和副词的最高级的用法 ①最高级表达的是三个及三个以上事物的比较状况,所以后面通常用in/of/among…来表示比较的范围。 Mary is the tallest of the four girls in the family. Mary在家里四个姑娘中是最高的一个。 ②形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词the; 副词的最高级前可加the,也可不加the。 Tom is the youngest boy in the class, but he reads books most carefully.Tom是班里年纪最小的男生,但是他读书最认真。 ③表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构;表示“第几个最……的(……)”时,用“the+序数词+形容词最高级(+可数名词单数)”结构。 He is one of the most popular writers in China. 他是中国最受欢迎的作家之一。 Chen Li is the second tallest boy in his class.陈立是他班里个子第二高的男生。 1. Of all the rivers in China, the Changjiang River is ________ (long). 2. Jogging is ________ (cheap) than many sports. 3. This is ________ (good) movie I've ever seen. 4. Jim jumps ________ (high) in our class. 5. She studies ________ (hard) than before to improve her English. 6. Today is even ________ (cold) than yesterday. 7. Which is ________ (big), the elephant or the tiger? 8. He is one of ________ (popular) singers in China. 9. The more you practice, the ________ (good) you'll become. 10. It's getting ________ and ________ (dark). Let's go home. Unit 6 高频考点 同级比较 一． 同级比较的句式表达 同级比较最明显的标志是as…as…,表示“和……一样……”,它的否定形式为not as/so…as…, 表示“不像……那样……”。表示两个人或事物同一性质的比较。两个as之间通常为表示数量、程度、性质的形容词,如many、much、little、few、good、tall等。前一个as为副词,后面跟形容词或副词的原级;后一个as为连接词,后跟相比较的另一个人或物,也可以跟从句。 The tree is the building.这棵树和那幢楼一样高。 My mother teaches Grade 7 this year. She is before. 我妈妈今年教七年级。她和以前一样忙。 He is you are in the matter. 对此事他与你一样关心。 This kind of language appeared the Stone Age. 这种语言最早出现在石器时代。 I can do it quicker than you and do it you. 我能做得比你快且做得和你一样好。 My handwriting is yours. 我的书写不如你的漂亮。 Objects are not they are in air. 物体在水中没有在空气中重。 It's not I thought. 这没有我想象的那么困难。 It doesn't rain it does in my country. 这儿下雨不如我们国家下雨频繁。 注意(1) 在“as…as…”结构中,当连词as后跟人称代词时,常用宾格形式。 She doesn't work me (=as hard as I do). 她没有我工作努力。 (2)当as…as…与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格等计量名词连用时,往往并不表示比较,而是构成一个形容词词组,意为“重达……;多达……;高达……;远至……”等。 She gets eight thousand letters a month. 她一个月里收到的信件多达8 000封。 The river is 10 metres. 这条河深达10米。 拓展 (1)“not as/so…as…”也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving.=Cycling is less dangerous than diving.=Diving is more dangerous than cycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。 Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister.=Jim runs more slowly than my sister.=My sister runs faster than Jim.Jim没有我妹妹跑得快。 (2)在“as…as…”结构中,可以用almost、just、nearly、quite等副词修饰。 He is just as brave as you are. 他简直和你一样勇敢。 The book is quite as interesting as you expect. 这本书就像你期望的一样有趣。 1. I think life in the countryside is ________ (comfortable) than that in the city. 2. Look! Jack is swimming ________ a fish in the swimming pool. 3. You'd better memorize English words ________ (many) as possible. 4. She is ________ (busy) as a bee today. 5. This problem is not ________ (simple) as it seems. 6. Our classroom is ________ (large) as theirs. 7. He speaks English ________ (fluent) as his brother. 8. This hotel is ________ (expensive) as that one. They have the same price. 9. You must drive ________ (careful) as possible on the highway. 10. My house is ________ (big) as yours. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $