专题02 语法背默及训练-2025-2026学年八年级下学期期末复习（外研版2024）

专题02 语法背默及训练 Unit 1 Career talks 一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态 基本结构 主语+be +done +（by+动作执行者）…被… 主被动转换 They The classroom clean is cleaned the classroom. （by them）. 被动语态的使用 ①不知道动作的执行者。 ③强调动作的承受着。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者。 具体构成 时态 被动语态 被动语态例句 一般现在时 is/am/are+done The room is cleaned by them. 一般过去时 was/were +done The room was cleaned by them. 一般将来时 will be done The room will be cleaned by them. be going to be done The room is going to be cleaned by them. 句型变化 1．肯定句 主语 + be + done (+ by + 动作执行者) 2.否定句 主语 + be not+ done (+ by + 动作执行者) 3.一般疑问句 Be +主语+ done (+ by + 动作执行者)? Yes, 主语+be; No, 主语+be +not 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be +主语+ done (+ by + 动作执行者)? 一．用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.You ____________ (give) some advice if you ask your teacher for some. 2.The next Winter Olympic Games ____________ (hold) in Milan in 2026. 3.As soon as the school leaders arrive, the guests ____________ (show) around the new buildings. 4.The book ____________ (translate) into over 30 foreign languages in the future. 5.Anyone interested in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. Fan ____________ (know) to many as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”. 6.Usually, paper cuttings ____________ (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. 7.All the dialogue in Baiju ____________ (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor. 8.New clothes and shoes ____________ (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year. 9.The list of winners will ____________ (put) up on the school website. 10.With the rapid progress in high technology, 5G ____________ (use) around most parts of China in the near future. 1．will be given2．will be held3．will be shown4．will be translated5．is known6．are put7．is spoken 8．are sent9．be put10．will be used 二．完成句子 1．May writes several articles for the school newspaper every week. (改为被动语态) Several articles _______ ________ by May for the school newspaper every week. 2．He will sing a song as a gift. (改为被动语态) A song ________ ________ ________ by him as a gift. 3．They will build a wooden bridge. (改为被动语态) A wooden bridge ________ ________ ________ by them. 4．我们学校运动会将在下月举行。 Our sports meeting will ________ ________ next month. 5．足球赛将在城市中心举行。 The soccer game ________ ________ ________ in the city center. 1．are written2．will be sung3．will be built4．be held5．will be held Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 一般过去时的被动语态 基本结构 主语+be +done +（by+动作执行者）…被… 主被动转换 They The classroom clean is cleaned the classroom. （by them）. 被动语态的使用 ①不知道动作的执行 ③强调动作的承受着。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者。 具体构成 时态 被动语态 主动语态例句 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 is/am/are+done The room is cleaned by them. 一般过去时 was/were +done The room was cleaned by them. 一般将来时 will be done The room will be cleaned by them. be going to be done The room is going to be cleaned by them. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The room is being cleaned by them. 过去进行时 was/were done The room was cleaned by them. 现在完成时 have/has been done The room has been cleaned by them. 情态动词 can be done The room can be cleaned by them. 注意事项 1.带双宾的谓语动词 有两种变换形式 She gave me a toy. I was given a toy. / A toy was given to me. 2.动词短语不可分割 We should take care of old people. Old people should be taken care of by us. 3.省 to 的不定式 see/hear/watch/feel/notice/let/make/have 变被动时，应加上 to My mother makes me stay at home. I am made to stay at home by my mother. 主动表被动 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut, burn,drive 等作不及物动词且主语为物时 This kind of shirt sells well. 2.look,sound,taste,smell 等系动词 School uniforms look ugly on us. 3.be worth doing This book is worth reading. 4.want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done My car needs repairing. My car needs to be repaired. 一．用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空 1.His new novel is very popular and it ____________ (sell) out last week. 2.The 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the CPC (中国共产党) was ____________ (hold) in Tian’anmen Square in Beijing on July 1st, 2021. 3.The house was ____________ (build) in the 19th century and is a typical style of that time. 4.Hundreds of factories ____________ (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 5.Development in some areas of natural beauty ____________ (control) in the next few years. 6.It’s known that glass ____________ (feel) much colder than wood in winter. 7.—What do you think of the poem? —It’s a little bit long, but anyway, it ____________ (read) well. 8.The robot needs ____________ (check) once a month. And we will check it for you for free. 9.With the development of our country, Chinese ____________ (learn) in many other countries. 10.To keep safe, everyone ____________ (tell) to wear a seat belt in the car now. 11.If all the rubbish ____________ (throw) into bins, our city can keep clean. 12.It is said that this museum ____________ (name) after Qu Qiubai many years ago. 13.Beijing opera ____________ (introduce) to more people around the world during the 2020 Mei Lanfang Art Festival. 14.The Internet ____________ (invent) by the US government in the 1960s for the army to use. 15.ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, was ____________ (develop) by OpenAI and met the public in November, 2022. 1．was sold2．held3．built4．were encouraged5．will be controlled6．feels7．reads8．checking/to be checked 9．is learned/is learnt10．is told11．is thrown12．was named13．was introduced14．was invented15．developed 二．完成句子 1．They saw a boy swimming in the river at this time yesterday. (改为被动语态) A boy swimming in the river at this time yesterday. 2．We raised 20, 000 yuan at the show. (改写成被动语态的句子) 20, 000 yuan at the party. 3．上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 4．I was allowed to play football. (改为否定句) I to play football. 5．The machine was invented many years ago. (对划线部分提问) the machine invented? 1.was seen2. was raised3. was invited4.wasn’t allowed5.When was Unit 3 What makes a great team? 情态动词（一） can ①能，会（现在的能力） Can you swim? Yes, I can. ②表请求或允许 Can I go now? Yes, you can. ③表推测，常用于否定和 疑问（表“不可能 ”） He can’t be a cook. could ①能，会（过去的能力） Could you swim when you were 7 years old? Yes, I could. ②表请求或允许（更委婉） Could I go now? Yes, you can. ③表推测 He could have gone home. be able to 表能力，有多种时态变化 We will be able to come back next week. may might ①表请求或允许(might 更委婉） May/Might I smoke in this room? Yes, you can./No, you mustn’t(can’t). ②表推测（表“可能 ”） Your mother may /might know the truth. may +动词原形（表“祝愿 ”） May you succeed! maybe “也许 ”，不能做谓语，用于句首 Maybe he is from America. may be “也许是 ”，充当谓语，用于句中 He may be from America. must ①表“必须 ”（主观看法） mustn’t 表示“禁止 ” 只有一般现在时 We must come in time. Must I finish the work today? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t(don’t have to) ②表推测，用于肯定句（表 “一定 ”） Your mother must be waiting for you now. have to 表“不得不 ”（客观需要） 有更多时态 The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. need +do 为情态动词 （用于疑问、否定） You needn’t come here so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes,you must(have to）./No,you needn’t. +to do 为实意动词 I don't need to see the doctor. Do you need to go at once? Yes, I do. Will 表询问、请求 Will you pass me the book? 表意愿 I will do anything for you. would 表询问、请求（更委婉） Would you please pass me the book? 表意愿（过去的） I would sit hours alone. shall 表询问、征求意见（用于一人称） Shall we meet at 3 pm? should 表义务、责任，“应该 ” We should obey the traffic rules. 完成句子 1.I can read these words with feeling. (改为一般疑问句) you these words with feeling? 2.She must be waiting for you at the gate.（改为否定句） She waiting for you at the gate. 3.You’d better practice the guitar at night. (改为否定句） You’d practice the guitar at night. 4.You must clean all the windows in the classroom. (改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答) we clean all the windows in the classroom? No, you . 5.She had to wear the strange clothes for the party.  (改为否定句) She to wear the strange clothes for the party . 6.She’d like to read electronic books in her spare time. (改为一般疑问句) she to read electronic books in her spare time? 7.The little girl could perform ballet at the age of seven. (改为—般疑问句) the little girl ballet at the age of seven? 1．Can; read 2．can’t be 3．better not 4．Must; needn’t 5．didn’t have 6．Would; like 7．Could; perform Unit 4 Helping out 情态动词表推测 概念 本单元语法：情态动词表推测；可能性语气由强到弱： must > can > could > may > might > can’t > may not > might not must & can’t must（肯定推测，语气最强）：意为“肯定” 1. The Teddy Bear must be hers.（泰迪熊肯定是她的。） can’t（否定推测，语气最强）：意为“不可能” 2. They can’t be at home. （他们肯定不在家。） can/could/may/might（肯定推测） can（用于疑问句，意为“会、可能…吗”，语气比must弱） 1. Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be? （有人在敲门。可能会是谁呢？） could（肯定推测，语气比can弱） 2. It could be your birthday gift from your uncle. I suppose.（它可能是来自你叔叔的生日礼物。我猜。） may/might（意为“可能”，might语气比may弱） 3. It may be rainy. I’m not sure.（可能下雨了，我不太确定。） 4. You might lose your chance if you don’t have the courage to face difficulties.（如果你没有勇气面对困难，你可能会失去机会。） may not/might not（否定推测）表示否定推测，语气比can’t弱 1. You may not enter the laboratory without permission.（未经允许，你不得进入实验室。） 2. She might not come to the party tonight because she isn’t feeling well.（她今晚可能不会来参加派对，因为她身体不舒服。） 易混辨析：may be & maybe may be（情态动词+be动词）：表推测，后接动词原形be，意为“可能…” 1. She may be in the library.（她可能在图书馆。） maybe（副词）：相当于perhaps，表不确定，可位于句首/句中 2. Maybe he is in the classroom.（也许他在教室。） 一．单项选择 1. —Some experts warns that AI __________ become a deadly (致命的) weapon of war in the future. —That’s worrying. A．can B．could C．might D．must 2.—Is Jerry coming by subway? —He ________ ride his bike. I’m not sure. A．can’t B．may C．must D．need 3. The young girl in a clean coat ________ work as a nurse. Look! She is walking to the hospital. ________ she is on the way to work. A．may be; Maybe B．maybe; May be C．may; Maybe D．maybe; May 4.—Have you decided where to go for your winter vacation? —Not yet, but we ________ go to Harbin. It’s a good place for vacation. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．should D．may 5.—Anna, can you go to the library with me tomorrow? —I’m not sure. I ________ visit my grandparents. A．need B．must C．can D．might 6.—Look, the sky is so dark. It ________ rain soon. —But the weather report said it is sunny the whole day. A．can’t B．must be C．can D．might 7.—Whose dictionary is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. Her name is on the cover. A．must B．can C．may D．might 8.—Whose book is it? —It ________ be Lucy’s. Her name is on its cover. A．can B．may C．can’t D．must 9.You ________ be tired after such a long trip. Why not take a rest? A．must B．can C．need D．would 10.—Selina, I want to learn something about the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing. —Frank ________ know it, because he cares best about it. A．has to B．must C．can’t D．might 1．C 【详解】句意：——一些专家警告说，人工智能将来可能会成为一种致命的战争武器。——这很令人担忧。表示较弱的可能性用might，故选C。 2．B 【详解】句意：——杰瑞是坐地铁来吗？——他可能骑自行车来，我不确定。表示不确定的推测用may，故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：那个穿着干净外套的年轻女孩可能是一名护士，看！她正走向医院，也许她是在去上班的路上。第一空用may表示推测；第二空用副词maybe，故选C。 4．D 【详解】句意：——你们决定寒假去哪里了吗？——还没有，但我们可能去哈尔滨，那是个度假的好地方。表示不确定的推测用may，故选D。 5．D 【详解】句意：——安娜，你明天能和我一起去图书馆吗？——我不确定，我可能去看望我的祖父母。表示不确定的推测用might，故选D。 6．D 【详解】句意：——看，天这么黑，可能很快就要下雨了。——但天气预报说一整天都是晴天。表示较弱的可能性用might，故选D。 7．A 【详解】句意：——这是谁的字典？——一定是露西的，她的名字在封面上。表示“肯定”用must，故选A。 8．D 【详解】句意：——这是谁的书？——一定是露西的，她的名字在封面上。表示“肯定”用must，故选D。 9．A 【详解】句意：经过这么长的旅行，你一定很累了，为什么不休息一下呢？表示“肯定”用must，故选A。 10．B 【详解】句意：——塞琳娜，我想了解一些关于北京冬奥会的事情。——弗兰克一定知道，因为他最关心这个。表示“肯定”用must，故选B。 Unit 5 Looking into nature 宾语从句（一） 宾语：位于动词或者介词后的成分 I know you 宾语从句：一个句子充当宾语的成分 I know that you like Music. 时 态 如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情 况而定。 I believe that she has left Changsha. I wonder if he came here last night. 如果主句为一般过去时，从句一般要用过去 某种时态。 She told me that she would join the club. 如果宾从是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 语 序 宾语从句总是用陈述句语序，即从句的引导 词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词 作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。 I wonder if he is a driver. Do you know what his name is? I don’t know who saved the girl. 引 导 词 当从句为陈述句时，用that 引导(口语中可省） I know (that) she is a boss. 当从句为一般疑问句时，用 whether/if 引导 I wonder if she is a boss. 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词 由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。 特殊疑问句 做宾语从句时，从句都用“引导词+陈述句语 序 ”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。 Could you please tell me where you are from? He wants to know what he is. 注 意 1. 当 宾 语 从 句 表 否 定 意 义 时 ， 如 果 主 句 主 语 为 第 一 人 称 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时，通常将否定转移至主句的谓语动词之前。如：I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。 2.含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转化为简单句。 如：I don’t know how I should do it next. I don’t know how to do it next. 一．用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.The little girl hopes her sister ________ (be) a good dancer when she grows up. 2.Jim hopes that he ________ (learn) how to ride a bike by himself as soon as possible. 3.The teacher ________ (say) math is very interesting. 4.Kate says that she ________ (finish) the work already. 5.Nancy is not sure whether she ________ (shut) all the windows just now. 6.—Did you tell them where he ________ (go)? —Yes. And I also told them he ________ (not come) back until the next week. 7.He asked what he ________ (do) at that moment. 8.The teacher told us that the sun ________ (rise) in the east. 9.The teacher told us that the gravity (引力) on the moon ________ (be) only about one sixth of that on the earth. 10.Can you tell me where those children ________ (play) hide-and-seek at this time yesterday? 1．will be2．will learn3．says4．has finished5．shut6. had gone wouldn’t come7．was doing8．rises 9．is10．were playing 二．完成句子 1．I believe. Tony will come on time. (合并为一个句子) I believe on time. 2．Light travels faster than sound. Did you know? (合并为一个句子) Did you know light faster than sound? 3．Our food festival will make a success. I’m sure.（合并成一个句子） I our food festival will make a success. 4．I study in Lantian Middle School. Jane says.(合并为一个句子) Jane says in Lantian Middle School. 5．“Do you like reading novels?” he asked me. (合并为一个句子) He asked me I reading novels. 1．that Tony will come 2．that; travels 3．am sure that 4．that I study 5．if/whether; liked Unit 6 Living with nature 宾语从句 （二） 词类 引导词 句中功能 例句 从属连词 that （无意义） 不作成分 可省略 They think (that) robots will be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years. （从句成分完整，that无实际意义可省略） whether （是否） 不作成分 不可省略 I wonder if/whether it will rain tomorrow next year. I wonder whether it will rain tomorrow or not. It depends on whether we have enough time. （介词+whether，句末有or not用whether） if（是否） 不作成分 不可省略 （同whether相关用法，注意介词后、or not前用whether） 连接代词 Who （谁，主/宾格） 从句不完整 充当成分 不可省略 We used a watch to see who was the fastest.（who作主语） whom （谁，宾格） 从句不完整,充当成分,不可省略 Do you know whom the boy standing at the door is?（whom作表语） whose（谁的） 从句不完整, 充当成分, 不可省略 Do you know whose book it is?（whose作定语） what（什么） 从句不完整,充当成分,不可省略 We don't know what will happen in the future!（what作主语） which （哪个） 从句不完整,充当成分, 不可省略 He hasn't decided which wallet he should buy for his father.（which作定语） 连接副词 when （何时） 从句完整 不可省略 Can you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?（when作时间状语） where （何地） 从句完整 不可省略 I wonder where we should go next. （where作地点状语） how （怎样） 从句完整 不可省略 Could you please tell me how I can get to the post office?（how作方式状语） why （为什么） 从句完整 不可省略 You'd better explain why you were late for class again.（why作原因状语） 1．—Excuse me, I am new here. Could you tell me ________? —Sure. It’s in front of the library. A．where the dining hall is B．where is the dining hall C．how I can get to the dining hall D．how can I get to the dining hall 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我是新来的。你能告诉我食堂在哪里吗？——当然。它在图书馆前面。 where the dining hall is食堂在哪里（陈述句语序）；where is the dining hall食堂在哪里（疑问句语序）；how I can get to the dining hall我怎样才能到食堂（陈述句语序）；how can I get to the dining hall我怎样才能到食堂（疑问句语序）。根据答句“in front of the library”可知，回答的是地点，问句询问“在哪里”，应用where引导宾语从句，且宾语从句需用陈述句语序，应填where the dining hall is。 2．If you want to go to Meilanfang Park by taxi, you can ask the driver ________ . A．where are you going B．how old you are C．how soon I can get there D．how much should I pay you 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想乘出租车去梅兰芳公园，你可以问司机我多久能到那里。 where are you going你要去哪里；how old you are你多大了；how soon I can get there我多久能到那里；how much should I pay you我该付你多少钱。根据“If you want to go to Meilanfang Park by taxi”可知，是要去梅兰芳公园，所以应是询问多久能到那里，C选项符合语境。 3．—Could you please tell me ________ the 2026 Suqian High School Entrance Exam will be held? —It’s reported that it will be held in mid-June as usual. A．when B．where C．how D．why 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我2026年宿迁中考将在什么时候举行吗？——据报道，它将和往常一样在6月中旬举行。 when什么时候；where在哪里；how如何；why为什么。答语给出的是时间，因此用when引导宾语从句，应选when。 4．I want to know ________ to the old man just now. A．what happens B．what happened C．what is happening D．what has happened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道刚才这位老人发生了什么事。 “just now”表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时，应填what happened。 5．—Could you tell me ________? I want to join too. —Sure. You can sign up on the school website before Friday. A．when did you join the cooking club B．when you joined the cooking club C．how you joined the cooking club D．how did you join the cooking club 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是怎么加入烹饪俱乐部的吗？我也想加入。——当然。你可以在周五之前在学校网站上报名。 when did you join the cooking club你什么时候加入烹饪俱乐部的 (疑问句语序，错误)；when you joined the cooking club你什么时候加入烹饪俱乐部的 (陈述语序)；how you joined the cooking club你是怎么加入烹饪俱乐部的 (陈述语序)；how did you join the cooking club你是怎么加入烹饪俱乐部的 (疑问句语序，错误)。空格处作为从句，需用陈述语序。根据答句“You can sign up on the school website before Friday.” (你可以在周五之前在学校网站上报名。) 可知，问句询问的是加入的方式，应填“how you joined the cooking club”。 6．Mrs Carson reminded Emma ________ she already had enough clothes. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：卡森夫人提醒艾玛，她已经有足够多的衣服了。 that引导宾语从句，无词义、不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；what在从句中要作主语或者宾语，本句句子完整，不需要； if/whether表 “是否”，句意不通。reminded后接that引导的宾语从句。 7．We need to figure out ________ we can help the new students adapt to school life quickly. A．that B．what C．how D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们需要弄清楚怎样帮助新生快速适应学校生活。 that引导宾语从句时无实际意义；what什么；how怎样；where哪里。句子表达“需要弄清楚帮助新生适应学校生活的方式”，需用表示方式的连接词how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语。应填how。 8．She wondered ________ the new student ________ from the south of China. A．if; came B．that; comes C．where; come D．why; came 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她想知道这个新学生是否来自中国南方。 if是否；that引导词（无实际含义）；where哪里（表地点）；why为什么（表原因）；came来（过去式）；comes 来（第三人称单数）；come来（原形）。主句“She wondered”为过去时，宾语从句需用过去的某种时态；结合语境，此处表达“是否”的含义，因此应选if和came。 9．We need to figure out ________  we can do to make the English corner more popular among students. A．that B．how C．what D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们需要弄清楚我们能做些什么来让英语角在学生中更受欢迎。 that在宾语从句中起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分；how是连接副词，在宾语从句中作方式状语；what是连接代词，在宾语从句中可以作宾语；where是连接副词，在宾语从句中作地点状语。本句中“We need to figure out”后面是宾语从句，从句中“do”是及物动词，what在从句中作do的宾语，指代“能做的事”。 10．The teacher asked us ________ we had finished our homework before class. A．that B．if C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师问我们是否在课前完成了作业。 that引导陈述句（无疑问含义）；if是否（引导一般疑问句的宾语从句）；what什么；where哪里。主句动词“asked”表示“询问”，后接宾语从句应表达疑问内容，即“是否完成作业”，故用“if”引导。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法背默及训练 Unit 1 Career talks 一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态 基本结构 主语+be +done +（by+动作执行者）…被… 主被动转换 They The classroom clean is cleaned the classroom. （by them）. 被动语态的使用 ①不知道动作的执行者。 ③强调动作的承受着。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者。 具体构成 时态 被动语态 被动语态例句 一般现在时 is/am/are+done The room is cleaned by them. 一般过去时 was/were +done The room was cleaned by them. 一般将来时 will be done The room will be cleaned by them. be going to be done The room is going to be cleaned by them. 句型变化 1．肯定句 主语 + be + done (+ by + 动作执行者) 2.否定句 主语 + be not+ done (+ by + 动作执行者) 3.一般疑问句 Be +主语+ done (+ by + 动作执行者)? Yes, 主语+be; No, 主语+be +not 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be +主语+ done (+ by + 动作执行者)? 一．用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.You ____________ (give) some advice if you ask your teacher for some. 2.The next Winter Olympic Games ____________ (hold) in Milan in 2026. 3.As soon as the school leaders arrive, the guests ____________ (show) around the new buildings. 4.The book ____________ (translate) into over 30 foreign languages in the future. 5.Anyone interested in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. Fan ____________ (know) to many as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”. 6.Usually, paper cuttings ____________ (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. 7.All the dialogue in Baiju ____________ (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor. 8.New clothes and shoes ____________ (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year. 9.The list of winners will ____________ (put) up on the school website. 10.With the rapid progress in high technology, 5G ____________ (use) around most parts of China in the near future. 二．完成句子 1．May writes several articles for the school newspaper every week. (改为被动语态) Several articles _______ ________ by May for the school newspaper every week. 2．He will sing a song as a gift. (改为被动语态) A song ________ ________ ________ by him as a gift. 3．They will build a wooden bridge. (改为被动语态) A wooden bridge ________ ________ ________ by them. 4．我们学校运动会将在下月举行。 Our sports meeting will ________ ________ next month. 5．足球赛将在城市中心举行。 The soccer game ________ ________ ________ in the city center. Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 一般过去时的被动语态 基本结构 主语+be +done +（by+动作执行者）…被… 主被动转换 They The classroom clean is cleaned the classroom. （by them）. 被动语态的使用 ①不知道动作的执行 ③强调动作的承受着。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者。 具体构成 时态 被动语态 主动语态例句 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 is/am/are+done The room is cleaned by them. 一般过去时 was/were +done The room was cleaned by them. 一般将来时 will be done The room will be cleaned by them. be going to be done The room is going to be cleaned by them. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The room is being cleaned by them. 过去进行时 was/were done The room was cleaned by them. 现在完成时 have/has been done The room has been cleaned by them. 情态动词 can be done The room can be cleaned by them. 注意事项 1.带双宾的谓语动词 有两种变换形式 She gave me a toy. I was given a toy. / A toy was given to me. 2.动词短语不可分割 We should take care of old people. Old people should be taken care of by us. 3.省 to 的不定式 see/hear/watch/feel/notice/let/make/have 变被动时，应加上 to My mother makes me stay at home. I am made to stay at home by my mother. 主动表被动 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut, burn,drive 等作不及物动词且主语为物时 This kind of shirt sells well. 2.look,sound,taste,smell 等系动词 School uniforms look ugly on us. 3.be worth doing This book is worth reading. 4.want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done My car needs repairing. My car needs to be repaired. 一．用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空 1.His new novel is very popular and it ____________ (sell) out last week. 2.The 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the CPC (中国共产党) was ____________ (hold) in Tian’anmen Square in Beijing on July 1st, 2021. 3.The house was ____________ (build) in the 19th century and is a typical style of that time. 4.Hundreds of factories ____________ (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 5.Development in some areas of natural beauty ____________ (control) in the next few years. 6.It’s known that glass ____________ (feel) much colder than wood in winter. 7.—What do you think of the poem? —It’s a little bit long, but anyway, it ____________ (read) well. 8.The robot needs ____________ (check) once a month. And we will check it for you for free. 9.With the development of our country, Chinese ____________ (learn) in many other countries. 10.To keep safe, everyone ____________ (tell) to wear a seat belt in the car now. 11.If all the rubbish ____________ (throw) into bins, our city can keep clean. 12.It is said that this museum ____________ (name) after Qu Qiubai many years ago. 13.Beijing opera ____________ (introduce) to more people around the world during the 2020 Mei Lanfang Art Festival. 14.The Internet ____________ (invent) by the US government in the 1960s for the army to use. 15.ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, was ____________ (develop) by OpenAI and met the public in November, 2022. 二．完成句子 1．They saw a boy swimming in the river at this time yesterday. (改为被动语态) A boy swimming in the river at this time yesterday. 2．We raised 20, 000 yuan at the show. (改写成被动语态的句子) 20, 000 yuan at the party. 3．上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 4．I was allowed to play football. (改为否定句) I to play football. 5．The machine was invented many years ago. (对划线部分提问) the machine invented? Unit 3 What makes a great team? 情态动词（一） can ①能，会（现在的能力） Can you swim? Yes, I can. ②表请求或允许 Can I go now? Yes, you can. ③表推测，常用于否定和 疑问（表“不可能 ”） He can’t be a cook. could ①能，会（过去的能力） Could you swim when you were 7 years old? Yes, I could. ②表请求或允许（更委婉） Could I go now? Yes, you can. ③表推测 He could have gone home. be able to 表能力，有多种时态变化 We will be able to come back next week. may might ①表请求或允许(might 更委婉） May/Might I smoke in this room? Yes, you can./No, you mustn’t(can’t). ②表推测（表“可能 ”） Your mother may /might know the truth. may +动词原形（表“祝愿 ”） May you succeed! maybe “也许 ”，不能做谓语，用于句首 Maybe he is from America. may be “也许是 ”，充当谓语，用于句中 He may be from America. must ①表“必须 ”（主观看法） mustn’t 表示“禁止 ” 只有一般现在时 We must come in time. Must I finish the work today? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t(don’t have to) ②表推测，用于肯定句（表 “一定 ”） Your mother must be waiting for you now. have to 表“不得不 ”（客观需要） 有更多时态 The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. need +do 为情态动词 （用于疑问、否定） You needn’t come here so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes,you must(have to）./No,you needn’t. +to do 为实意动词 I don't need to see the doctor. Do you need to go at once? Yes, I do. Will 表询问、请求 Will you pass me the book? 表意愿 I will do anything for you. would 表询问、请求（更委婉） Would you please pass me the book? 表意愿（过去的） I would sit hours alone. shall 表询问、征求意见（用于一人称） Shall we meet at 3 pm? should 表义务、责任，“应该 ” We should obey the traffic rules. 完成句子 1.I can read these words with feeling. (改为一般疑问句) you these words with feeling? 2.She must be waiting for you at the gate.（改为否定句） She waiting for you at the gate. 3.You’d better practice the guitar at night. (改为否定句） You’d practice the guitar at night. 4.You must clean all the windows in the classroom. (改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答) we clean all the windows in the classroom? No, you . 5.She had to wear the strange clothes for the party.  (改为否定句) She to wear the strange clothes for the party . 6.She’d like to read electronic books in her spare time. (改为一般疑问句) she to read electronic books in her spare time? 7.The little girl could perform ballet at the age of seven. (改为—般疑问句) the little girl ballet at the age of seven? Unit 4 Helping out 情态动词表推测 概念 本单元语法：情态动词表推测；可能性语气由强到弱： must > can > could > may > might > can’t > may not > might not must & can’t must（肯定推测，语气最强）：意为“肯定” 1. The Teddy Bear must be hers.（泰迪熊肯定是她的。） can’t（否定推测，语气最强）：意为“不可能” 2. They can’t be at home. （他们肯定不在家。） can/could/may/might（肯定推测） can（用于疑问句，意为“会、可能…吗”，语气比must弱） 1. Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be? （有人在敲门。可能会是谁呢？） could（肯定推测，语气比can弱） 2. It could be your birthday gift from your uncle. I suppose.（它可能是来自你叔叔的生日礼物。我猜。） may/might（意为“可能”，might语气比may弱） 3. It may be rainy. I’m not sure.（可能下雨了，我不太确定。） 4. You might lose your chance if you don’t have the courage to face difficulties.（如果你没有勇气面对困难，你可能会失去机会。） may not/might not（否定推测）表示否定推测，语气比can’t弱 1. You may not enter the laboratory without permission.（未经允许，你不得进入实验室。） 2. She might not come to the party tonight because she isn’t feeling well.（她今晚可能不会来参加派对，因为她身体不舒服。） 易混辨析：may be & maybe may be（情态动词+be动词）：表推测，后接动词原形be，意为“可能…” 1. She may be in the library.（她可能在图书馆。） maybe（副词）：相当于perhaps，表不确定，可位于句首/句中 2. Maybe he is in the classroom.（也许他在教室。） 一．单项选择 1. —Some experts warns that AI __________ become a deadly (致命的) weapon of war in the future. —That’s worrying. A．can B．could C．might D．must 2.—Is Jerry coming by subway? —He ________ ride his bike. I’m not sure. A．can’t B．may C．must D．need 3. The young girl in a clean coat ________ work as a nurse. Look! She is walking to the hospital. ________ she is on the way to work. A．may be; Maybe B．maybe; May be C．may; Maybe D．maybe; May 4.—Have you decided where to go for your winter vacation? —Not yet, but we ________ go to Harbin. It’s a good place for vacation. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．should D．may 5.—Anna, can you go to the library with me tomorrow? —I’m not sure. I ________ visit my grandparents. A．need B．must C．can D．might 6.—Look, the sky is so dark. It ________ rain soon. —But the weather report said it is sunny the whole day. A．can’t B．must be C．can D．might 7.—Whose dictionary is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. Her name is on the cover. A．must B．can C．may D．might 8.—Whose book is it? —It ________ be Lucy’s. Her name is on its cover. A．can B．may C．can’t D．must 9.You ________ be tired after such a long trip. Why not take a rest? A．must B．can C．need D．would 10.—Selina, I want to learn something about the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing. —Frank ________ know it, because he cares best about it. A．has to B．must C．can’t D．might Unit 5 Looking into nature 宾语从句（一） 宾语：位于动词或者介词后的成分 I know you 宾语从句：一个句子充当宾语的成分 I know that you like Music. 时 态 如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情 况而定。 I believe that she has left Changsha. I wonder if he came here last night. 如果主句为一般过去时，从句一般要用过去 某种时态。 She told me that she would join the club. 如果宾从是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 语 序 宾语从句总是用陈述句语序，即从句的引导 词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词 作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。 I wonder if he is a driver. Do you know what his name is? I don’t know who saved the girl. 引 导 词 当从句为陈述句时，用that 引导(口语中可省） I know (that) she is a boss. 当从句为一般疑问句时，用 whether/if 引导 I wonder if she is a boss. 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词 由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。 特殊疑问句 做宾语从句时，从句都用“引导词+陈述句语 序 ”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。 Could you please tell me where you are from? He wants to know what he is. 注 意 1. 当 宾 语 从 句 表 否 定 意 义 时 ， 如 果 主 句 主 语 为 第 一 人 称 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时，通常将否定转移至主句的谓语动词之前。如：I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。 2.含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转化为简单句。 如：I don’t know how I should do it next. I don’t know how to do it next. 一．用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.The little girl hopes her sister ________ (be) a good dancer when she grows up. 2.Jim hopes that he ________ (learn) how to ride a bike by himself as soon as possible. 3.The teacher ________ (say) math is very interesting. 4.Kate says that she ________ (finish) the work already. 5.Nancy is not sure whether she ________ (shut) all the windows just now. 6.—Did you tell them where he ________ (go)? —Yes. And I also told them he ________ (not come) back until the next week. 7.He asked what he ________ (do) at that moment. 8.The teacher told us that the sun ________ (rise) in the east. 9.The teacher told us that the gravity (引力) on the moon ________ (be) only about one sixth of that on the earth. 10.Can you tell me where those children ________ (play) hide-and-seek at this time yesterday? 1．will be2．will learn3．says4．has finished5．shut6. had gone wouldn’t come7．was doing8．rises 9．is10．were playing 二．完成句子 1．I believe. Tony will come on time. (合并为一个句子) I believe on time. 2．Light travels faster than sound. Did you know? (合并为一个句子) Did you know light faster than sound? 3．Our food festival will make a success. I’m sure.（合并成一个句子） I our food festival will make a success. 4．I study in Lantian Middle School. Jane says.(合并为一个句子) Jane says in Lantian Middle School. 5．“Do you like reading novels?” he asked me. (合并为一个句子) He asked me I reading novels. Unit 6 Living with nature 宾语从句 （二） 词类 引导词 句中功能 例句 从属连词 that （无意义） 不作成分 可省略 They think (that) robots will be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years. （从句成分完整，that无实际意义可省略） whether （是否） 不作成分 不可省略 I wonder if/whether it will rain tomorrow next year. I wonder whether it will rain tomorrow or not. It depends on whether we have enough time. （介词+whether，句末有or not用whether） if（是否） 不作成分 不可省略 （同whether相关用法，注意介词后、or not前用whether） 连接代词 Who （谁，主/宾格） 从句不完整 充当成分 不可省略 We used a watch to see who was the fastest.（who作主语） whom （谁，宾格） 从句不完整,充当成分,不可省略 Do you know whom the boy standing at the door is?（whom作表语） whose（谁的） 从句不完整, 充当成分, 不可省略 Do you know whose book it is?（whose作定语） what（什么） 从句不完整,充当成分,不可省略 We don't know what will happen in the future!（what作主语） which （哪个） 从句不完整,充当成分, 不可省略 He hasn't decided which wallet he should buy for his father.（which作定语） 连接副词 when （何时） 从句完整 不可省略 Can you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?（when作时间状语） where （何地） 从句完整 不可省略 I wonder where we should go next. （where作地点状语） how （怎样） 从句完整 不可省略 Could you please tell me how I can get to the post office?（how作方式状语） why （为什么） 从句完整 不可省略 You'd better explain why you were late for class again.（why作原因状语） 1．—Excuse me, I am new here. Could you tell me ________? —Sure. It’s in front of the library. A．where the dining hall is B．where is the dining hall C．how I can get to the dining hall D．how can I get to the dining hall 2．If you want to go to Meilanfang Park by taxi, you can ask the driver ________ . A．where are you going B．how old you are C．how soon I can get there D．how much should I pay you 3．—Could you please tell me ________ the 2026 Suqian High School Entrance Exam will be held? —It’s reported that it will be held in mid-June as usual. A．when B．where C．how D．why 4．I want to know ________ to the old man just now. A．what happens B．what happened C．what is happening D．what has happened 5．—Could you tell me ________? I want to join too. —Sure. You can sign up on the school website before Friday. A．when did you join the cooking club B．when you joined the cooking club C．how you joined the cooking club D．how did you join the cooking club 6．Mrs Carson reminded Emma ________ she already had enough clothes. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 7．We need to figure out ________ we can help the new students adapt to school life quickly. A．that B．what C．how D．where 8．She wondered ________ the new student ________ from the south of China. A．if; came B．that; comes C．where; come D．why; came 9．We need to figure out ________  we can do to make the English corner more popular among students. A．that B．how C．what D．where 10．The teacher asked us ________ we had finished our homework before class. A．that B．if C．what D．where 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $