Unit 1 Past and present 单元主题写作讲练讲义 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下学期

Unit 1 Past and present单元同步写作课讲义 一、单元主题和写作要求 本单元围绕“Past and present（过去与现在）”展开，通过介绍深圳从一个小渔村发展为高科技城市的历程、星光村等乡村的变化以及交通方式的演变，引导学生观察和描述家乡或身边环境的变化，思考发展背后的原因与意义。 通过本单元学习，学生需能够准确运用与变化相关的词汇（如 change, develop, improve, narrow, wide, modern等）、现在完成时态（have/has done, have/has been to, have/has lived等），以及对比类表达（used to, in the past, now, today, however, moreover等），来描述某个地方或事物的过去与现在，阐述发展带来的积极影响，并表达个人观点和感受。同时，学生需具备信息整合、时间顺序组织能力和简单的因果分析能力，为中考书面表达中“家乡变化”“社会进步”等话题奠定坚实基础。 二、出题方向和命题形式 方向1：描述一个地方（如家乡、城市、村庄）在过去和现在的变化。（信息介绍类说明文） （1）命题形式： · 命题作文（如 “Changes in My Hometown” “The Rise of My City”）； · 提示类作文（给出过去和现在的关键词，要求补充细节）； · 征文比赛（如校报“家乡巨变”主题征文）。 （2）考察重点： · 现在完成时态的准确运用（描述已发生的变化）； · 对比衔接词的运用（in the past, now, however, moreover等）； · 信息组织能力（按方面分类：居住条件、交通、就业机会等）。 方向2：对比过去和现在的生活方式（如交通、通讯、娱乐等），阐述变化带来的利弊。（观点对比类议论文） （1）命题形式： · 话题作文（如 “Life in the Past and Now” “Have These Changes Made Life Better?”）； · 材料作文（给出一组过去和现在的图片，要求对比并发表观点）。 （2）考察重点： · 对比类句型运用（used to, but now, compared with the past）； · 观点表达与论证能力（利弊分析，得出结论）； · 批判性思维（辩证看待发展，既看到进步也看到问题）。 方向3：记叙一次让你感受到家乡变化的经历，或讲述一个关于变化的个人故事。（叙事文） （1）命题形式： · 日记（如 “A Day When I Realized the Changes” “My Grandpa’s Story”）； · 命题作文（如 “An Unforgettable Change in My Life” “The Biggest Change I’ve Seen”）； · 口头故事分享（如班级“说说家乡变化”故事会）。 （2）考察重点： · 过去时态和现在完成时态的混合运用（叙述经历+强调变化结果）； · 细节描写与情感表达（通过人物对话、心理活动展现变化）； · 主题升华能力（从个人经历引出对发展意义的思考）。 三、典型范文分析 方向1：描述一个地方的变化 Changes in My Hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years. In the past, the streets were narrow and muddy. Most people lived in small, old houses. There were only a few buses, so people had to get around by bike or on foot. Moreover, many young people went to other cities to find jobs. Now, however, great changes have happened. The streets have become wide and clean. Many new buildings and modern flats have been built. People can take buses, taxis or even the underground to go anywhere easily. What’s more, more jobs have appeared, so many college students have returned to work here. Thanks to the government’s support, my hometown has become more beautiful and comfortable. I am proud of these changes and I love my hometown even more. 【范文分析】 （1）语篇类型 信息介绍类说明文：围绕“家乡变化”这一主题，分方面介绍过去与现在的对比，展示家乡发展成就并表达自豪之情。 （2）篇章结构 总-分-总： 开头（总起）：点明主题，用现在完成时引出“变化已经发生”。 正文（分述）：第一段写“In the past”，第二段写“Now, however”，形成清晰对比。分述三个方面：道路和住房 → 交通 → 就业与人才回归。 结尾（总结）：总结变化原因（政府支持）并表达个人情感（骄傲、热爱）。 （3）词汇句型运用 ①Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years.（经典开篇句，现在完成时） ②In the past, the streets were narrow and muddy.（used to可替换为were，简单明了） ③Now, however, great changes have happened.（however转折，对比清晰） ④What’s more, more jobs have appeared...（What’s more递进，丰富句式） ⑤Thanks to the government’s support...（thanks to引出原因） ⑥I am proud of these changes and I love my hometown even more.（情感收束，升华主题） （4）逻辑衔接 显性衔接：使用In the past, Now, however, Moreover, What’s more, Thanks to等词。 隐性逻辑：按“生活基础（道路住房）→ 交通出行 → 就业发展”的逻辑顺序，层层深入。 （5）时态运用 一般过去时描述过去状态（were, had to live, went）；现在完成时强调变化结果（have taken place, have become, have been built, have returned）；一般现在时表达现状和情感（is, love）。 方向2：对比过去和现在的生活方式 Life in the Past and Now Life has changed a lot over the years. Some changes are good, but some bring problems. In the past, people used to write letters to keep in touch with friends far away. It was slow but very meaningful. Today, we have mobile phones and the Internet. We can send messages and video call at any time. This is fast and convenient, but we write fewer letters now, and people sometimes feel less connected. Transport has also improved. In the past, people travelled by bike or bus. It took a long time. Now we have high-speed trains and planes. We can go to other cities in just a few hours. However, cars and planes produce pollution and make the air dirty. In my opinion, changes have made life easier and faster, but we should not forget the old ways that brought us closer to each other. We need to find a balance. 【范文分析】 （1）语篇类型 观点对比类议论文：通过对比过去和现在的生活方式（通讯、交通），分析利弊，表达辩证观点，引发思考。 （2）篇章结构 总-分-总： 开头（总起）：指出变化既有好处也有问题。 正文（分述）：第一段对比通讯方式（过去有意义但慢，现在快但情感疏离）；第二段对比交通（过去慢，现在快但有污染）。 结尾（总结）：表达观点——变化带来便利，但不应忘记过去方式中的情感价值，需要平衡。 （3）词汇句型运用 ①Life has changed a lot over the years. Some changes are good, but some bring problems.（开门见山，点明辩证立场） ②...used to write letters to keep in touch...（used to描述过去习惯） ③We can send messages and video call at any time.（具体描述现在的能力） ④...people sometimes feel less connected.（指出缺点，词汇精准） ⑤However, cars and planes produce pollution...（转折，引出问题） ⑥In my opinion... we should not forget... We need to find a balance.（观点句+建议，成熟理性） （4）逻辑衔接 显性衔接：使用In the past, Today, However, In my opinion等词；段落间用also过渡。 隐性逻辑：每段内部先过去后现在，再评价，结构对称。 （5）时态运用 一般现在时为主（陈述现状和观点）；一般过去时和used to描述过去；现在完成时开篇总述。 方向3：记叙一次让你感受到家乡变化的经历 A Visit to My Old Neighbourhood Last month, I went back to my old neighbourhood where I lived as a child. I could hardly believe my eyes! When I was little, the streets were narrow and full of holes. There was a small, dirty river nearby. My family lived in a crowded house with no bathroom. I used to play in a dusty playground. But now, everything has changed. The streets are wide and smooth. The river has become clean and clear, with trees and flowers along its banks. Our old house has been replaced by a beautiful new building. A modern park with a lake has been built near my home. I met my childhood friend Li Wei there. He said, “Our life is so much better now!” I nodded with tears in my eyes. The changes are amazing, but I also felt a little sad because I missed the old days. This visit taught me that development is good, but it also takes away some memories. 【范文分析】 （1）语篇类型 叙事文：通过一次亲身经历（重访旧社区）展现家乡变化，融入情感和回忆，通过故事引发共鸣。 （2）篇章结构 时间顺序叙事： 开场：交代时间、事件（last month, went back to...）。 回忆过去（When I was little... by contrast Now...）：详细对比环境、住房、娱乐场所。 人物对话：童年好友Li Wei的话语强化变化的事实。 感悟结尾：承认变化的美好，同时表达对逝去时光的怀念，体现理性与感性并存。 （3）词汇句型运用 ①I could hardly believe my eyes!（生动表达震惊） ②When I was little, the streets were narrow and full of holes.（过去细节描写） ③But now, everything has changed.（转折，引出下文变化） ④The river has become clean and clear...（现在完成时，强调结果） ⑤...I nodded with tears in my eyes.（细腻动作描写，情感真挚） ⑥This visit taught me that development is good, but it also takes away some memories.（主题升华，辩证总结） （4）逻辑衔接 按时间顺序推进：Last month → When I was little → But now → I met my childhood friend → This visit taught me...。使用对比词（but, now）和因果（so, because）。 （5）时态运用 一般过去时（叙述过去的事件和状态：went, was, lived, used to play）；现在完成时（强调现在的变化结果：has changed, has become, has been replaced, has been built）；一般现在时（表达感悟：is, takes away）。 四、素材积累和写作支架 1. 与本单元写作主题（Past and present）相关的词汇替换练习： 原句 替换词汇 替换后的句子 My hometown has changed a lot. developed / improved The streets were small in the past. narrow Now the streets are big. wide / broad There were not many buses. few Most people went to work by bike. got around Because of the government, life is better. Thanks to Also, more jobs have appeared. Moreover / What‘s more 2. 与本单元写作主题（Past and present）相关的句子扩写练习： （1）引出主题/表明意图 Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 Today, I’d like to talk about the changes in my city. 今天，我想谈谈我所在城市的变化。 Have you ever wondered what life was like in the past? Let me show you. 你有没有想过过去的生活是什么样的？让我来告诉你。 （2）描述过去（一般过去时/used to） In the past, people used to write letters to keep in touch. 在过去，人们过去常常写信来保持联系。 There were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. 只有几辆公交车，而且总是很拥挤。 My grandfather used to tell me that the river was clean enough to swim in. 我爷爷过去常告诉我，那条河曾经干净得可以游泳。 （3）描述现在/变化结果（现在完成时） The government has built many new schools and hospitals. 政府已经建造了许多新的学校和医院。 The air has become much cleaner thanks to the new laws. 多亏了新法律，空气变得干净多了。 People have already got used to the modern way of life. 人们已经习惯了现代生活方式。 （4）列举例子/引用数据 For example, our town now has an underground system, but 20 years ago there was none. 例如，我们镇现在有了地铁系统，但20年前还没有。 Take transport as an example. In the past, people travelled by bike. Now, most families have cars. 以交通为例。过去人们骑自行车出行。现在，大多数家庭都有汽车。 Shenzhen is a perfect example. It has developed from a small fishing village into a high-tech city. 深圳是一个完美的例子。它从一个小渔村发展成为一个高科技城市。 （5）发表观点/感受和感悟 In my opinion, these changes have made our lives more comfortable. 在我看来，这些变化使我们的生活更加舒适。 I believe that development brings both good and bad things. 我相信发展既带来好处也带来坏处。 It is wonderful to see how my hometown has improved, but I also miss the old days. 看到家乡变得如此美好真是太棒了，但我也怀念过去的日子。 （6）表达情感 I felt so proud when I saw the new park built in my community. 当我看到社区里建起的新公园时，我感到非常自豪。 I was amazed by the great changes when I returned after five years. 当我五年后回来时，我被巨大的变化震惊了。 Thanks to the hard work of our people, my hometown has become a better place. I am truly grateful. 多亏了人们的辛勤劳动，我的家乡变得更好。我由衷地感激。 （7）衔接句子 First... Second... Finally... 首先……其次……最后…… In the past... Now, however... 过去……然而现在…… Moreover... What‘s more... 而且……更重要的是…… As a result... Thanks to... 因此……多亏了…… 3. 与本单元写作主题（Past and present）相关的整篇仿写练习： 方向1：描述一个地方的变化 Changes in My Hometown Great changes ________ in my hometown over the past ________ years. In the past, the streets ________ narrow and ________. Most people ________ in small, old houses. There ________ only a few buses, so people had to ________ by bike or on foot. ________, many young people ________ to other cities to find jobs. Now, however, great changes ________. The streets ________ wide and clean. Many new buildings and modern flats ________. People can take buses, taxis or even the underground to go anywhere easily. ________, more jobs ________, so many college students ________ to work here. ________ the government’s support, my hometown has become more beautiful and comfortable. I am ________ of these changes and I love my hometown even more. 方向2：对比过去和现在的生活方式 Life in the Past and Now Life has ________ a lot over the years. Some changes are good, but some ________ problems. In the past, people ________ to ________ letters to keep in touch with friends far away. It was slow but very ________. Today, we have mobile phones and the Internet. We can send messages and ________ at any time. This is fast and ________, but we write ________ letters now, and people sometimes feel ________ connected. Transport has also ________. In the past, people travelled by bike or bus. It ________ a long time. Now we have high-speed trains and planes. We can go to other cities in just a few hours. ________, cars and planes ________ pollution and make the air dirty. In my opinion, changes have made life ________ and ________, but we should not ________ the old ways that brought us closer to each other. We need to ________ a balance. 方向3：记叙一次让你感受到家乡变化的经历 A Visit to My Old Neighbourhood Last ________, I went back to my old neighbourhood where I ________ as a child. I could hardly ________ my eyes! When I was little, the streets were ________ and full of holes. There was a small, ________ river nearby. My family ________ in a crowded house with no bathroom. I used to ________ in a dusty playground. But now, everything ________. The streets are wide and ________. The river ________ clean and clear, with trees and flowers along its banks. Our old house ________ by a beautiful new building. A modern park with a lake ________ near my home. I met my childhood friend Li Wei there. He said, “Our life is so much better now!” I nodded with ________ in my eyes. The changes are ________, but I also felt a little sad because I ________ the old days. This visit ________ me that development is good, but it also ________ away some memories. 五、能力达标练 1．假如本周五你们班将要举行一次演讲比赛，要求以“家乡的变化”为主题写一篇演讲稿。请你根据下面的表格内容和写作要求，以“The Changes of My Hometown”为题写一篇演讲稿，简要介绍下你的家乡。 过去 1. 生活贫困，房屋破旧；2. 交通不便，游客少；…… 现在 1. 住房宽敞、明亮，许多人有自己的车；2. 山更绿，水更清，天更蓝；3. 有很多旅游景点；…… 写作要求：1) 演讲稿须包括以上表格中的所有内容，可适当发挥； 2) 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和校名等； 3) 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数） 。 The Changes of My Hometown Good morning, my dear teachers and classmates. I am happy to stand here to give a speech. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m sure that my hometown will become better and better in the future. That’s all. Thank you. 2．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 David 想了解你的家乡常州。请根据以下问题提示，写一篇100词左右的英文回信。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Writing points: 1. Where is Changzhou? 2. How has Changzhou changed? 3. What can we do in Changzhou? 4. What do you think of Changzhou? 注意： 1. 语法正确，意思连贯，书写规范，要点齐全； 2. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名； 3. 词数100左右。 Dear David, I’m glad to tell you about my hometown Changzhou. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3．假设你是李华，你的外国笔友Milan想来中国旅游，想到你的家乡看看。请你给他写一封电子邮件，介绍家乡过去和现在的变化，并邀请他来访。 写作要点： 1．过去：房子老旧、道路狭窄、生活简单； 2．现在：高楼林立、道路宽阔、环境优美、交通便利、有很多名胜古迹； 3．邀请他来家乡游玩，你愿意做他的导游。 写作要求： 1．词数80-100左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2．语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰，可适当增加细节，以便行文连贯； 3．文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．社会快速发展让人民的生活不断变化。你的生活发生了哪些变化呢？假设你是李华，学校社团举办主题为“Changes in Our Lives”的英语征文活动。请你根据以下提示内容写一篇90词左右的英语文章投稿，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Shopping (购物) Changes in Our Lives The Way of Communication (交流方式) Transportation (交通) …… Changes in Our Lives With the development of society, amazing changes have taken place in our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present单元同步写作课讲义 一、单元主题和写作要求 本单元围绕“Past and present（过去与现在）”展开，通过介绍深圳从一个小渔村发展为高科技城市的历程、星光村等乡村的变化以及交通方式的演变，引导学生观察和描述家乡或身边环境的变化，思考发展背后的原因与意义。 通过本单元学习，学生需能够准确运用与变化相关的词汇（如 change, develop, improve, narrow, wide, modern等）、现在完成时态（have/has done, have/has been to, have/has lived等），以及对比类表达（used to, in the past, now, today, however, moreover等），来描述某个地方或事物的过去与现在，阐述发展带来的积极影响，并表达个人观点和感受。同时，学生需具备信息整合、时间顺序组织能力和简单的因果分析能力，为中考书面表达中“家乡变化”“社会进步”等话题奠定坚实基础。 二、出题方向和命题形式 方向1：描述一个地方（如家乡、城市、村庄）在过去和现在的变化。（信息介绍类说明文） （1）命题形式： · 命题作文（如 “Changes in My Hometown” “The Rise of My City”）； · 提示类作文（给出过去和现在的关键词，要求补充细节）； · 征文比赛（如校报“家乡巨变”主题征文）。 （2）考察重点： · 现在完成时态的准确运用（描述已发生的变化）； · 对比衔接词的运用（in the past, now, however, moreover等）； · 信息组织能力（按方面分类：居住条件、交通、就业机会等）。 方向2：对比过去和现在的生活方式（如交通、通讯、娱乐等），阐述变化带来的利弊。（观点对比类议论文） （1）命题形式： · 话题作文（如 “Life in the Past and Now” “Have These Changes Made Life Better?”）； · 材料作文（给出一组过去和现在的图片，要求对比并发表观点）。 （2）考察重点： · 对比类句型运用（used to, but now, compared with the past）； · 观点表达与论证能力（利弊分析，得出结论）； · 批判性思维（辩证看待发展，既看到进步也看到问题）。 方向3：记叙一次让你感受到家乡变化的经历，或讲述一个关于变化的个人故事。（叙事文） （1）命题形式： · 日记（如 “A Day When I Realized the Changes” “My Grandpa’s Story”）； · 命题作文（如 “An Unforgettable Change in My Life” “The Biggest Change I’ve Seen”）； · 口头故事分享（如班级“说说家乡变化”故事会）。 （2）考察重点： · 过去时态和现在完成时态的混合运用（叙述经历+强调变化结果）； · 细节描写与情感表达（通过人物对话、心理活动展现变化）； · 主题升华能力（从个人经历引出对发展意义的思考）。 三、典型范文分析 方向1：描述一个地方的变化 Changes in My Hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years. In the past, the streets were narrow and muddy. Most people lived in small, old houses. There were only a few buses, so people had to get around by bike or on foot. Moreover, many young people went to other cities to find jobs. Now, however, great changes have happened. The streets have become wide and clean. Many new buildings and modern flats have been built. People can take buses, taxis or even the underground to go anywhere easily. What’s more, more jobs have appeared, so many college students have returned to work here. Thanks to the government’s support, my hometown has become more beautiful and comfortable. I am proud of these changes and I love my hometown even more. 【范文分析】 （1）语篇类型 信息介绍类说明文：围绕“家乡变化”这一主题，分方面介绍过去与现在的对比，展示家乡发展成就并表达自豪之情。 （2）篇章结构 总-分-总： 开头（总起）：点明主题，用现在完成时引出“变化已经发生”。 正文（分述）：第一段写“In the past”，第二段写“Now, however”，形成清晰对比。分述三个方面：道路和住房 → 交通 → 就业与人才回归。 结尾（总结）：总结变化原因（政府支持）并表达个人情感（骄傲、热爱）。 （3）词汇句型运用 ①Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years.（经典开篇句，现在完成时） ②In the past, the streets were narrow and muddy.（used to可替换为were，简单明了） ③Now, however, great changes have happened.（however转折，对比清晰） ④What’s more, more jobs have appeared...（What’s more递进，丰富句式） ⑤Thanks to the government’s support...（thanks to引出原因） ⑥I am proud of these changes and I love my hometown even more.（情感收束，升华主题） （4）逻辑衔接 显性衔接：使用In the past, Now, however, Moreover, What’s more, Thanks to等词。 隐性逻辑：按“生活基础（道路住房）→ 交通出行 → 就业发展”的逻辑顺序，层层深入。 （5）时态运用 一般过去时描述过去状态（were, had to live, went）；现在完成时强调变化结果（have taken place, have become, have been built, have returned）；一般现在时表达现状和情感（is, love）。 方向2：对比过去和现在的生活方式 Life in the Past and Now Life has changed a lot over the years. Some changes are good, but some bring problems. In the past, people used to write letters to keep in touch with friends far away. It was slow but very meaningful. Today, we have mobile phones and the Internet. We can send messages and video call at any time. This is fast and convenient, but we write fewer letters now, and people sometimes feel less connected. Transport has also improved. In the past, people travelled by bike or bus. It took a long time. Now we have high-speed trains and planes. We can go to other cities in just a few hours. However, cars and planes produce pollution and make the air dirty. In my opinion, changes have made life easier and faster, but we should not forget the old ways that brought us closer to each other. We need to find a balance. 【范文分析】 （1）语篇类型 观点对比类议论文：通过对比过去和现在的生活方式（通讯、交通），分析利弊，表达辩证观点，引发思考。 （2）篇章结构 总-分-总： 开头（总起）：指出变化既有好处也有问题。 正文（分述）：第一段对比通讯方式（过去有意义但慢，现在快但情感疏离）；第二段对比交通（过去慢，现在快但有污染）。 结尾（总结）：表达观点——变化带来便利，但不应忘记过去方式中的情感价值，需要平衡。 （3）词汇句型运用 ①Life has changed a lot over the years. Some changes are good, but some bring problems.（开门见山，点明辩证立场） ②...used to write letters to keep in touch...（used to描述过去习惯） ③We can send messages and video call at any time.（具体描述现在的能力） ④...people sometimes feel less connected.（指出缺点，词汇精准） ⑤However, cars and planes produce pollution...（转折，引出问题） ⑥In my opinion... we should not forget... We need to find a balance.（观点句+建议，成熟理性） （4）逻辑衔接 显性衔接：使用In the past, Today, However, In my opinion等词；段落间用also过渡。 隐性逻辑：每段内部先过去后现在，再评价，结构对称。 （5）时态运用 一般现在时为主（陈述现状和观点）；一般过去时和used to描述过去；现在完成时开篇总述。 方向3：记叙一次让你感受到家乡变化的经历 A Visit to My Old Neighbourhood Last month, I went back to my old neighbourhood where I lived as a child. I could hardly believe my eyes! When I was little, the streets were narrow and full of holes. There was a small, dirty river nearby. My family lived in a crowded house with no bathroom. I used to play in a dusty playground. But now, everything has changed. The streets are wide and smooth. The river has become clean and clear, with trees and flowers along its banks. Our old house has been replaced by a beautiful new building. A modern park with a lake has been built near my home. I met my childhood friend Li Wei there. He said, “Our life is so much better now!” I nodded with tears in my eyes. The changes are amazing, but I also felt a little sad because I missed the old days. This visit taught me that development is good, but it also takes away some memories. 【范文分析】 （1）语篇类型 叙事文：通过一次亲身经历（重访旧社区）展现家乡变化，融入情感和回忆，通过故事引发共鸣。 （2）篇章结构 时间顺序叙事： 开场：交代时间、事件（last month, went back to...）。 回忆过去（When I was little... by contrast Now...）：详细对比环境、住房、娱乐场所。 人物对话：童年好友Li Wei的话语强化变化的事实。 感悟结尾：承认变化的美好，同时表达对逝去时光的怀念，体现理性与感性并存。 （3）词汇句型运用 ①I could hardly believe my eyes!（生动表达震惊） ②When I was little, the streets were narrow and full of holes.（过去细节描写） ③But now, everything has changed.（转折，引出下文变化） ④The river has become clean and clear...（现在完成时，强调结果） ⑤...I nodded with tears in my eyes.（细腻动作描写，情感真挚） ⑥This visit taught me that development is good, but it also takes away some memories.（主题升华，辩证总结） （4）逻辑衔接 按时间顺序推进：Last month → When I was little → But now → I met my childhood friend → This visit taught me...。使用对比词（but, now）和因果（so, because）。 （5）时态运用 一般过去时（叙述过去的事件和状态：went, was, lived, used to play）；现在完成时（强调现在的变化结果：has changed, has become, has been replaced, has been built）；一般现在时（表达感悟：is, takes away）。 四、素材积累和写作支架 1. 与本单元写作主题（Past and present）相关的词汇替换练习： 原句 替换词汇 替换后的句子 My hometown has changed a lot. developed / improved My hometown has developed a lot. The streets were small in the past. narrow The streets were narrow in the past. Now the streets are big. wide / broad Now the streets are wide. There were not many buses. few There were few buses. Most people went to work by bike. got around Most people got around by bike. Because of the government, life is better. Thanks to Thanks to the government, life is better. Also, more jobs have appeared. Moreover / What‘s more Moreover, more jobs have appeared. 2. 与本单元写作主题（Past and present）相关的句子扩写练习： （1）引出主题/表明意图 Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 Today, I’d like to talk about the changes in my city. 今天，我想谈谈我所在城市的变化。 Have you ever wondered what life was like in the past? Let me show you. 你有没有想过过去的生活是什么样的？让我来告诉你。 （2）描述过去（一般过去时/used to） In the past, people used to write letters to keep in touch. 在过去，人们过去常常写信来保持联系。 There were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. 只有几辆公交车，而且总是很拥挤。 My grandfather used to tell me that the river was clean enough to swim in. 我爷爷过去常告诉我，那条河曾经干净得可以游泳。 （3）描述现在/变化结果（现在完成时） The government has built many new schools and hospitals. 政府已经建造了许多新的学校和医院。 The air has become much cleaner thanks to the new laws. 多亏了新法律，空气变得干净多了。 People have already got used to the modern way of life. 人们已经习惯了现代生活方式。 （4）列举例子/引用数据 For example, our town now has an underground system, but 20 years ago there was none. 例如，我们镇现在有了地铁系统，但20年前还没有。 Take transport as an example. In the past, people travelled by bike. Now, most families have cars. 以交通为例。过去人们骑自行车出行。现在，大多数家庭都有汽车。 Shenzhen is a perfect example. It has developed from a small fishing village into a high-tech city. 深圳是一个完美的例子。它从一个小渔村发展成为一个高科技城市。 （5）发表观点/感受和感悟 In my opinion, these changes have made our lives more comfortable. 在我看来，这些变化使我们的生活更加舒适。 I believe that development brings both good and bad things. 我相信发展既带来好处也带来坏处。 It is wonderful to see how my hometown has improved, but I also miss the old days. 看到家乡变得如此美好真是太棒了，但我也怀念过去的日子。 （6）表达情感 I felt so proud when I saw the new park built in my community. 当我看到社区里建起的新公园时，我感到非常自豪。 I was amazed by the great changes when I returned after five years. 当我五年后回来时，我被巨大的变化震惊了。 Thanks to the hard work of our people, my hometown has become a better place. I am truly grateful. 多亏了人们的辛勤劳动，我的家乡变得更好。我由衷地感激。 （7）衔接句子 First... Second... Finally... 首先……其次……最后…… In the past... Now, however... 过去……然而现在…… Moreover... What‘s more... 而且……更重要的是…… As a result... Thanks to... 因此……多亏了…… 3. 与本单元写作主题（Past and present）相关的整篇仿写练习： 方向1：描述一个地方的变化 Changes in My Hometown Great changes ________ in my hometown over the past ________ years. In the past, the streets ________ narrow and ________. Most people ________ in small, old houses. There ________ only a few buses, so people had to ________ by bike or on foot. ________, many young people ________ to other cities to find jobs. Now, however, great changes ________. The streets ________ wide and clean. Many new buildings and modern flats ________. People can take buses, taxis or even the underground to go anywhere easily. ________, more jobs ________, so many college students ________ to work here. ________ the government’s support, my hometown has become more beautiful and comfortable. I am ________ of these changes and I love my hometown even more. 挖空提示词： have taken place / ten / were / muddy / lived / were / get around / Moreover / went / have happened / have become / have been built / What’s more / have appeared / have returned / Thanks to / proud 方向2：对比过去和现在的生活方式 Life in the Past and Now Life has ________ a lot over the years. Some changes are good, but some ________ problems. In the past, people ________ to ________ letters to keep in touch with friends far away. It was slow but very ________. Today, we have mobile phones and the Internet. We can send messages and ________ at any time. This is fast and ________, but we write ________ letters now, and people sometimes feel ________ connected. Transport has also ________. In the past, people travelled by bike or bus. It ________ a long time. Now we have high-speed trains and planes. We can go to other cities in just a few hours. ________, cars and planes ________ pollution and make the air dirty. In my opinion, changes have made life ________ and ________, but we should not ________ the old ways that brought us closer to each other. We need to ________ a balance. 挖空提示词： changed / bring / used / write / meaningful / video call / convenient / fewer / less / improved / took / However / produce / easier / faster / forget / find 方向3：记叙一次让你感受到家乡变化的经历 A Visit to My Old Neighbourhood Last ________, I went back to my old neighbourhood where I ________ as a child. I could hardly ________ my eyes! When I was little, the streets were ________ and full of holes. There was a small, ________ river nearby. My family ________ in a crowded house with no bathroom. I used to ________ in a dusty playground. But now, everything ________. The streets are wide and ________. The river ________ clean and clear, with trees and flowers along its banks. Our old house ________ by a beautiful new building. A modern park with a lake ________ near my home. I met my childhood friend Li Wei there. He said, “Our life is so much better now!” I nodded with ________ in my eyes. The changes are ________, but I also felt a little sad because I ________ the old days. This visit ________ me that development is good, but it also ________ away some memories. 挖空提示词： month / lived / believe / narrow / dirty / lived / play / has changed / smooth / has become / has been replaced / has been built / tears / amazing / missed / taught / takes 五、能力达标练 1．假如本周五你们班将要举行一次演讲比赛，要求以“家乡的变化”为主题写一篇演讲稿。请你根据下面的表格内容和写作要求，以“The Changes of My Hometown”为题写一篇演讲稿，简要介绍下你的家乡。 过去 1. 生活贫困，房屋破旧；2. 交通不便，游客少；…… 现在 1. 住房宽敞、明亮，许多人有自己的车；2. 山更绿，水更清，天更蓝；3. 有很多旅游景点；…… 写作要求：1) 演讲稿须包括以上表格中的所有内容，可适当发挥； 2) 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和校名等； 3) 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数） 。 The Changes of My Hometown Good morning, my dear teachers and classmates. I am happy to stand here to give a speech. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m sure that my hometown will become better and better in the future. That’s all. Thank you. 【答案】One possible version: The Changes of My Hometown Good morning, my dear teachers and classmates. I am happy to stand here to give a speech. In the past, my hometown was very poor. People lived in old and small houses. The traffic was bad, so few visitors came here. But now great changes have taken place. People live in big and bright houses, and many even have their own cars. The mountains are greener, the water is cleaner, and the sky is bluer. There are also many popular tourist spots, so more people come to visit now. I’m really proud of these changes. I’m sure that my hometown will become better and better in the future. That’s all. Thank you. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：演讲稿，以一般过去时和一般现在时为主，围绕家乡的变化展开叙述 明确要点：对比家乡过去与现在的生活、交通、环境和旅游情况，表达对家乡变化的自豪之情 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：语言流畅，书写规范，不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，词数 80 左右（开头结尾不计入） [第二步：构思布局] 四段式结构 开头段：已给出问候与演讲开场 主体段：先介绍家乡过去的贫困落后，再描述现在的巨大变化，形成对比 结尾两段：已给出对家乡未来的展望与致谢 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：家乡过去的状况 生活状况：my hometown was very poor/People lived in old and small houses./had no money to buy new things/led a hard life 交通状况：The traffic was bad/roads were narrow and dirty/few visitors came here/no buses to big cities 要点二：家乡现在的变化 生活变化：big and bright houses/many even have their own cars/live a comfortable life/buy new things easily 环境变化：The mountains are greener, the water is cleaner, and the sky is bluer/trees and flowers everywhere/air is fresh 旅游变化：many popular tourist spots/more people come to visit/build new parks and scenic spots 要点三：对家乡变化的感受与展望 核心感受：really proud of these changes/love my hometown more/happy to see the development 未来展望：become better and better/keep developing/we will work hard to make it more beautiful 2．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 David 想了解你的家乡常州。请根据以下问题提示，写一篇100词左右的英文回信。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Writing points: 1. Where is Changzhou? 2. How has Changzhou changed? 3. What can we do in Changzhou? 4. What do you think of Changzhou? 注意： 1. 语法正确，意思连贯，书写规范，要点齐全； 2. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名； 3. 词数100左右。 Dear David, I’m glad to tell you about my hometown Changzhou. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】参考范文 Dear David, I’m glad to tell you about my hometown Changzhou. Changzhou is a beautiful city in the south of Jiangsu Province. It has changed a lot in recent years. The streets are wider and cleaner, and there are more parks and modern buildings. There are many things to do here. You can visit the famous Tianmu Lake or take a walk in the ancient towns.  Every spring, thousands of visitors come here to enjoy the natural beauty and delicious food.The food here is also delicious, especially the local snacks. I love Changzhou very much. It’s a warm and lively city with friendly people. I hope you can come and visit it one day. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：介绍性记叙文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：家乡（位置，变化，可做的事，美食，人文），对家乡的情感 确定人称：第一人称(I/my) 注意事项：语言简洁明了，突出家乡特色，表达真挚情感 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，介绍家乡的位置及近年来的变化 主体段：分别介绍家乡的可游玩地点和特色美食，说明家乡的吸引力 结尾段：总结对家乡的热爱，发出邀请 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：家乡概况及变化 位置选择：Changzhou/in the south of Jiangsu Province 等 变化描述：streets are wider and cleaner/more parks and modern buildings/more convenient transportation/better living environment 等 要点二：家乡的可做之事（游玩） 地点选择：Tianmu Lake/ancient towns 等 活动内容：visit the famous Tianmu Lake/take a walk in the ancient towns/enjoy the natural beauty/visit historical sites/take a boat trip/enjoy the scenery 等 要点三：家乡的美食 美食选择：local snacks 等 特点描述：delicious/tasty/fresh/traditional food 等 要点四：对家乡的情感 情感表达：love...very much/warm and lively/friendly people 等 具体说明：hope you can come and visit it one day/be proud of/cherish/my beloved hometown 等 3．假设你是李华，你的外国笔友Milan想来中国旅游，想到你的家乡看看。请你给他写一封电子邮件，介绍家乡过去和现在的变化，并邀请他来访。 写作要点： 1．过去：房子老旧、道路狭窄、生活简单； 2．现在：高楼林立、道路宽阔、环境优美、交通便利、有很多名胜古迹； 3．邀请他来家乡游玩，你愿意做他的导游。 写作要求： 1．词数80-100左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2．语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰，可适当增加细节，以便行文连贯； 3．文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Milan, I’m glad to hear that you’d like to visit my hometown. Great changes have taken place here in the past few years. In the past, the houses were old and shabby, and the roads were narrow. People led a simple life. But now, there are many tall buildings standing everywhere. The roads are wide and clean, and the environment is beautiful. It’s very convenient to travel around. Besides, there are many places of interest here. I sincerely invite you to come and visit my hometown. I’ll be glad to be your guide. Best regards! Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤： [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：这是一篇书信体的邀请信，以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 明确要点：告知对方家乡过去和现在的变化 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：语言表达要真诚、友好，准确传达邀请的诚意；描述家乡变化时要清晰对比过去和现在；格式要符合书信的规范。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：表达收到对方想要参观家乡消息的喜悦之情，引出家乡发生了很大变化。 主体段：具体描述家乡过去和现在的不同，突出现在的良好状况，如房屋、道路、环境等方面，还提及有很多名胜古迹。 结尾段：再次发出邀请，并表示愿意做对方的导游，最后送上祝福。 [第三步：要点展示] 要点一：家乡过去和现在的变化 过去：old and shabby/narrow/a simple life/inconvenient等 现在：tall buildings/wide and clean/ beautiful/convenient/places of interest/tourists等 4．社会快速发展让人民的生活不断变化。你的生活发生了哪些变化呢？假设你是李华，学校社团举办主题为“Changes in Our Lives”的英语征文活动。请你根据以下提示内容写一篇90词左右的英语文章投稿，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Shopping (购物) Changes in Our Lives The Way of Communication (交流方式) Transportation (交通) …… Changes in Our Lives With the development of society, amazing changes have taken place in our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Changes in Our Lives With the development of society, amazing changes have taken place in our lives. First, shopping becomes much easier. We can buy almost everything online without going to physical stores, which saves a lot of time. Second, transportation is more convenient. In the past, people had to take slow buses or crowded trains for a long journey. But now, high-speed trains and shared bikes make our trips faster and more comfortable. What’s more, the way we communicate has changed a lot. We can keep in touch with friends far away through video calls anytime. These changes make our lives happier and more colorful. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明性短文/生活变化对比类，以一般现在时和现在完成时为主。 明确要点：购物方式的变化、交通方式的变化、交流方式的变化（可补充饮食等其他方面） 确定人称：第一人称（we/our）或第三人称（people’s lives）。 注意事项：词数90左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段（已给）：总起句，点明生活发生惊人变化。 主体段：分点列举具体变化（购物、交通、交流）。 结尾段：总结变化带来的好处，升华主题。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：购物方式的变化 过去vs现在：physical stores/buy online 好处：saves a lot of time 要点二：交通方式的变化 过去vs现在：slow buses or crowded trains/high-speed trains/shared bikes 要点三：交流方式的变化 好处：keep in touch with friends far away anytime 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $