专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇-2026年中考英语热点话题题型专练（江苏专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦江苏中考说明文阅读，精选15篇热点话题文本，以题载能，系统培养信息获取与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科技类|5篇（机器人表演/VR应用/AI模型等）|细节理解（占比40%）、词义猜测（如“humanoid”）|以科技发展为线索，构建“现象描述-技术原理-应用价值”的说明逻辑链| |环保类|4篇（蓝碳/水净化技术/微塑料等）|推理判断（占比35%）、主旨归纳|围绕“问题-措施-影响”展开，渗透生态保护与可持续发展理念| |自然社会类|6篇（江豚/口袋公园/城市浣熊等）|结构分析（如篇章结构题）、观点推断|融合自然科学与社会现象，形成“特征-变化-意义”的认知路径|

专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇（江苏专用） （精选中考模拟热点话题） The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala presented an amazing program named Wu BOT. In the special show, humanoid robots—robots that look and move like humans—performed traditional Chinese kung fu together with young martial artists. It soon turned out to be one of the most popular and unforgettable shows of the year. These smart robots were developed and produced by Unitree Technology. They are able to perform difficult and wonderful kung fu movements, including drunken boxing and nunchucks (双节棍). They performed perfectly on stage with students from Tagou Martial Arts School. Thanks to high-precision (高精度的) control, the robots can move smoothly and correctly just like real performers. The robots have improved greatly in just one year. At the 2025 gala, they could only take part in simple group dances. However, in the 2026 gala, they are able to perform difficult kung fu moves without difficulty. This fact clearly shows that China’s robot technology is developing at high speed. Wu BOT is more than just an interesting performance. It successfully brings together traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. ________. In the future, robots like these will be used widely in many parts of our daily life. 1．Why could the robots move very well on stage? A．Because they practice every day. B．Because they are very light. C．Because they have high-precision control. D．Because they can dance well. 2．What does the underlined word “humanoid” probably mean? A．Small and light. B．Very expensive. C．Fast and strong. D．Having a human-like shape and appearance. 3．What progress did the robots make in a year? A．They could talk with people. B．They could work at home. C．They could do difficult kung fu. D．They could teach kung fu. 4．Which can be put in “________”? A．Kung fu is a kind of Chinese culture. B．Many young people want to learn kung fu. C．The gala has many interesting shows. D．It also shows the latest development of China’s robots. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Kung Fu B．A popular robot kung fu show C．How to make humanoid robots D．The history of the Spring Festival Gala It was a February afternoon. We were in a classroom. Taylor Angler watched some ducks swimming on a farm. But it was all in her head. A virtual reality (VR) headset (虚拟现实头戴式显示设备) took her there. “I was surprised to find that the ducks were right in front of me! It was an exciting experience (经历).” Taylor said after taking off the purple headset and finding herself still in the classroom. Many students around the world are taking VR “trips” like Taylor. But what change does it cause in learning? Taking children to visit different places is a good way to teach them about the world. But what can children do if they forget it after the trip? VR lets children go back at any time. It’s difficult to talk about something if you didn’t see it with your own eyes in the past. If you didn’t see the ocean, with VR, now you can have a look at it for yourself. VR can also help students in science classes at school. “Too often at school, when you do experiments (实验), you put different kinds of chemicals (化学品) together and then get the result. And if you aren’t successful, you need to do it again,” a high school teacher said. “But we don’t have enough chemicals. With VR, I just need to do it again on the computer. I don’t have to use chemicals.” VR is useful, but that’s not to say we don’t need real-world experiences. The real world is what we really need to learn about. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By following the time order. B．By showing a study result. C．By giving some numbers. D．By writing a girl’s experience. 2．What can we know about Taylor Angler from the passage? A．She visited a farm herself. B．She wore a red headset. C．She was in a classroom. D．She took a trip with her classmates. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．With VR, students can repeat experiments without using real chemicals. B．With VR, students don’t need to do experiments any more. C．With VR, students can only do experiments on the computer. D．With VR, students can get the same chemicals from the computer. 4．What is a good way to teach children about the world according to the passage? A．Reading books. B．Telling stories. C．Watching TV. D．Taking them to visit different places. 5．Which is the best structure (结构) of this passage? (① = Paragraph 1 ② = Paragraph 2 ③ = Paragraph 3 ④ = Paragraph 4 ⑤ = Paragraph 5) A． B． C． D． The 2026 Beijing E-Town Half Marathon and Humanoid Robot Half Marathon was officially held on April 19. As the second holding of the world’s first famous humanoid robot half marathon, which first started in 2025, the event has become an important global place for testing and improving humanoid robot technologies. After hard competition, Shandian (Lightning), made by Team Monkey King under Honor, won the championship with a great time of 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This result is a big progress compared with the 2025 winning time of nearly two hours and 41 minutes, and is better than the current men’s world record for the human half marathon. It fully shows the fast progress of robots in running speed, dynamic balance and energy. The 21.0975-kilometer race began at Kechuang 17th Street and ended at Nanhaizi Park, passing several famous places in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, including Robot World, Pawlonia Boulevard and BOE’s headquarters. Having more than ten kinds of landforms such as flat roads, slopes, bends and narrow parts, the race provided a difficult real-world test for the competing robots. The players were divided into fully automatic robots and remotely controlled robots. To encourage the development of independent intelligent technologies, the real finishing time of remotely controlled robots was multiplied by 1.2. At the same time, nearly 40 percent of the teams used fully automatic robots this year, a big increase from last year. The event is more than a sports competition. It shows the idea of promoting research, industrialization and use through competitions, providing a useful real-scenario test for embodied intelligence (具身智能). It also shows China’s steady progress in the research and development of humanoid robots, supporting the new development of the global high-end equipment industry. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph about the humanoid robot half marathon? A．It was not well-known when it was first held in 2025. B．It is held once a year in Beijing E-Town. C．It is the only humanoid robot marathon in the world. D．It has become an important place for related technology. 2．What can we infer about fully automatic robots from Paragraph 4? A．They are more difficult to make than remotely controlled robots. B．They are becoming more popular among participating teams. C．They all finished the race faster than remotely controlled robots. D．They were not used in the 2025 marathon. 3．Which of the following is true according to the text? A．All robots in the race must be controlled from far away. B．The race route only includes simple and flat city roads. C．Some robots’ results use a special calculation way. D．Most teams chose fully automatic robots this year. 4．What does the author want to tell us through the last paragraph? A．The event is only a common sports competition. B．China is leading the world in robot technology. C．The event helps the development of robot industry. D．Embodied intelligence is not important for robots. Have you ever heard of “blue carbon”? Blue carbon is the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes. Although these ecosystems cover only a small part of the ocean, they can store huge amounts of carbon — much more than forests on land. China has been making great efforts to protect blue carbon ecosystems. In Fujian Province, the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a good example. The reserve covers about 2,360 hectares and is home to many kinds of birds, fish, and other wildlife. The mangroves there not only provide habitats for animals but also help protect the coastline from storms and rising sea levels. Scientists say that protecting and restoring blue carbon ecosystems is one of the most effective ways to fight climate change. When these ecosystems are damaged, the carbon stored in them is released into the atmosphere, making global warming worse. That's why many countries, including China, are working to protect and expand their blue carbon areas. In 2023, China launched a national plan to protect and restore mangroves. The goal is to increase the country's mangrove area and improve the health of existing mangrove forests. Local communities are also involved in the protection work. Some fishermen have become “mangrove guardians,” helping to plant new mangroves and prevent illegal cutting. “Blue carbon is a gift from nature,” said a scientist working at the Zhangjiang Estuary Reserve. “If we take good care of it, it will take care of us.” 1．What is “blue carbon”? A．Carbon stored in forests on land. B．Carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems. C．Carbon produced by factories. D．Carbon found in blue-colored plants. 2．How large is the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve? A．About 2,360 square meters. B．About 2,360 hectares. C．About 23,600 hectares. D．About 236 hectares. 3．What happens when blue carbon ecosystems are damaged? A．More carbon is stored. B．The ocean becomes cleaner. C．Stored carbon is released into the atmosphere. D．The climate becomes cooler. 4．What did China do in 2023 to protect mangroves? A．Built more factories near the coast. B．Launched a national protection and restoration plan. C．Stopped all fishing activities. D．Moved people away from coastal areas. 5．What can we infer from the scientist's words in the last paragraph? A．Blue carbon is not important for the environment. B．Protecting blue carbon benefits both nature and humans. C．Scientists don't care about climate change. D．Blue carbon will disappear soon. On April 24, 2026, something exciting happened in the world of AI. DeepSeek, a top AI company based in Hangzhou, showed the preview version of its brand-new V4 large language model. The news spread fast, catching the eyes of tech fans all over the globe, and marking a big milestone for China’s homegrown AI innovation. The new V4 family has two cool versions: V4-Pro and V4-Flash. Both of them are like “supercharged” models, with big upgrades in their core abilities. They are especially smarter at logical thinking, solving real-world problems for businesses, and writing code quickly. What’s more, they can handle super long texts way more smoothly, so they can easily meet the needs of both industrial digital change and academic research. Just like before, DeepSeek-V4 is still fully open-source. That means developers and companies can use it freely, and help AI grow in all kinds of industries. One of its biggest superpowers is that it works perfectly with most Chinese-made AI chips, including new advanced products from Huawei and Cambricon (寒武纪). At a time when the world is facing semiconductor (半导体) supply problems, this breakthrough is a game-changer. It helps China’s AI industry rely less on foreign hardware, and makes our whole AI ecosystem stronger and more self-reliant. Of course, DeepSeek-V4 still has some room to grow when compared with the world’s most advanced AI models. But its steady improvements, great performance in real-life tests, and full support for domestic hardware all show one clear thing: China’s AI industry is on the rise! With lower costs, faster speed, and an open, friendly tech community, DeepSeek-V4 is all set to power cross-border tech teamwork and push smart industrial development forward around the world. 1．What is a highlight (亮点) of DeepSeek-V4 according to Paragraph 2? A．It gives up its old open-tech plan. B．It gets better at logical thinking and writing code. C．It is only made for pure academic research. D．It stops working with industrial digital change. 2．Why is DeepSeek-V4’s ability to work with Chinese AI chips so important? A．It helps our industry depend less on foreign core hardware. B．It makes the world’s semiconductor supply totally useless. C．It beats the world’s top AI models at once. D．It helps sell Chinese smart devices all over the world. 3．Why does the writer say “this breakthrough is a game-changer”? A．It makes China’s AI industry independent of foreign support completely. B．It helps solve the global semiconductor supply crisis completely. C．It changes the situation of China’s AI industry relying on foreign hardware. D．It makes Huawei and Cambricon become the top chip companies. 4．What can we learn about DeepSeek-V4 from the text? A．It has already become the world’s best AI tech. B．It shows China’s AI industry is growing faster than any other country. C．It will soon surpass (超越) all the world’s most advanced AI models. D．It will play an important role in global smart industrial development. 5．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce DeepSeek-V4 and show its value to China’s AI development. B．To explain how to use DeepSeek-V4 to solve industrial problems. C．To compare DeepSeek-V4 with other AI models in the world. D．To encourage more companies to make Chinese-made AI chips. Scientists have found facts that raccoons in the US are changing their appearance as they spend more time near humans. The researchers think it’s the start of “domestication (驯化)”, which is a type of evolution (进化). Evolution is how living things change over time to fit into their environment and improve their chances of staying alive, and domestication means changing to fit in with human environments. In cities or towns where there are a lot of people, there is often much leftover food in rubbish bins and not many enemies. So wild animals can gradually change to fit into the life here and domesticate themselves. Fully domesticated animals, like dogs and cats, often have smaller teeth, curly tails, short noses and soft ears compared with their wild relatives such as wolves and lions. A team of students led by Raffaela Lesch analyzed almost 20,000 pictures of raccoons across the US. Their study found that raccoons living in cities had shorter noses than their relatives living in the countryside. This change may be connected with their behavior. Animals that develop gentler behaviors have shorter noses. Lesch says, “Leftover food is really the starter of it all”. Raccoons are mainly active at night and are known for looking for food from rubbish bins. Getting to bins, which are often near humans, requires raccoons to be quite tame — or be friendly and not scared of humans. As Lesch explains, “All they have to do is stay around us and not be aggressive (有攻击性的), and then they can enjoy a good meal on anything we throw away”. Some experts think that the signs of domestication, like short noses, help to make animals seem less dangerous or more lovely to humans. However, not all scientists agree with Lesch’s study. Although raccoons could ever become truly domesticated, they are still wild animals. 1．What do we know about raccoons in cities from the text? A．They often get their meals from rubbish bins. B．They have longer noses than country raccoons. C．They often search for food during the daytime. D．They grow more scared of humans than before. 2．What does the underlined word “tame” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Wild. B．Beautiful. C．Dangerous. D．Gentle. 3．What can we infer about raccoons from Lesch’s study? A．They will soon become fully domesticated like dogs. B．They are slowly developing to live better near humans. C．They have more enemies in cities than in the countryside. D．They need to be aggressive to get food from rubbish bins. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．How people live with wild animals. B．How raccoons look for food in cities. C．What changes happen to city raccoons. D．Why wild animals have special looks. In 2025, a team of scientists from China developed a new environmental tech called “Solar-Powered Algae (藻类) Mats” (SPA Mats), which has become a great achievement in cleaning polluted water. Unlike traditional water treatment (处理) methods that cost much and use lots of energy, SPA Mats use solar power to grow special algae that eat harmful things in rivers, lakes and even oceans. This technology has been tested in three Chinese cities since early 2026 and shown amazing results. Each SPA Mat is a thin, flexible sheet that can be spread on water surfaces easily. It is covered with tiny solar panels that provide energy for the algae to grow fast. Every 1 m² of SPA Mats can clean 120 liters of polluted water per day, and it can work for up to 18 months without being replaced. The team first tested 50 SPA Mats in a small polluted river in Hangzhou. After two months, the water quality improved greatly. Encouraged by this, they added 150 more mats in the same area. In total, these mats reduced harmful chemicals in the river by 65% and made the water clear enough for small fish to return. Local people also noticed that the bad smell from the river was gone, and more birds began to stay nearby. However, the technology still has room for improvement. The SPA Mats work best in areas with plenty of sunlight, but they don’t work as well on cloudy days or in dark water. Also, making the mats requires special materials that are not cheap yet. Scientists are now working to optimize the technology, hoping to make the mats affordable and suitable for different weather conditions. The team behind SPA Mats hopes to bring this technology to more countries by 2027, for it shows environmental protection and scientific development can go hand in hand. Such green tech can surely grow fast in the future, solve more water pollution problems around the world and let more people see the great power of science and nature working together. 1．Why does the writer talk about the test in Hangzhou in Paragraph 2? A．To explain how to use the SPA Mats in rivers. B．To show where the SPA Mats were first made. C．To tell how well the SPA Mats work in real life. D．To compare the SPA Mats with other water cleaners. 2．Why don’t the SPA Mats work as well in some environments? A．They need plenty of sunlight to work well. B．They need to be replaced after a short time. C．They need much water to keep the algae alive. D．They can only be used in small rivers in China. 3．What does the underlined word “optimize” mean in paragraph 3? A．To look for something. B．To stop using something. C．To make something better. D．To change something totally. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Scientists will soon work out all the problems of SPA Mats. B．Traditional water treatment methods are no longer popular now. C．SPA Mats have been widely used in many countries around the world. D．Green tech will play a more important part in environmental protection. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce a new water-cleaning technology and its effects. B．To call on people to protect rivers and lakes from pollution. C．To compare different methods of water treatment in China. D．To explain why scientific development is important for the future. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most powerful technologies in the modern world. It is developing rapidly and deeply influencing society, industry and personal life. AI is designed to copy human intelligence. It can collect data, learn from experience, and finish smart tasks without continuous human control. As a rising high-tech field, it has drawn huge attention across the whole country. AI has widely entered ordinary people’s daily life and public services. At home, smart household products can control temperature, lights and safety systems automatically (自动地). Online learning platforms use AI to record students’ weak points and offer personalized learning plans. In public services, intelligent robots work in libraries and museums to guide visitors. Smart translation tools also break language barriers and help people communicate with the world easily. Besides daily life, AI plays a key role in industry, science and public safety. In medical treatment, advanced AI systems examine large numbers of medical samples to help doctors discover hidden diseases in early stages. In smart transportation, AI analyzes real-time road data to reduce traffic pressure and prevent accidents. In scientific research, it helps researchers deal with complex calculations (计算) and speed up the development of new energy and medical medicine. Every new technology has hidden challenges, and AI is no exception. Some workers may face unemployment (失业) as intelligent machines replace simple repeated work. Over-reliance (过度依赖) on AI may weaken people’s independent thinking and practical ability. What’s more, the risk of information leakage (泄露) and wrong AI decisions also worries social experts. In short, AI brings great chances as well as hidden troubles. It is neither a perfect gift nor a dangerous threat. The best way is to make clear rules for its development and use AI properly. Only when humans keep the leading role, can high-tech serve society in a healthy and long-lasting way. 1．According to this article, put the following events in the correct order. ①AI helps in industry, science and public safety    ②People face challenges brought by AI ③AI influences our daily life and public services    ④AI is developing rapidly A．④③①② B．④①③② C．③④①② D．③①②④ 2．What is the structure of this passage? A．①—②③④—⑤ B．①—②—③④—⑤ C．①—②③—④⑤ D．①—②③④⑤ 3．Which advantage of AI is mentioned in the passage? A．It can stop all traffic accidents. B．It completely avoids information risks. C．It solves all social problems. D．It provides personalized study plans. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of AI Development B．Disadvantages of Modern Technology C．AI: Development, Uses and Challenges D．How to Create Advanced AI Robots Every winter, a beautiful sight appears on Chongshan Island in Suzhou: hundreds of black-headed gulls (鸥) dance over the grey-blue waters of Taihu Lake. These medium-sized seabirds are popular because of their bright red beaks and feet, snow-white bodies, grey wings and loud, laughing calls. Black-headed gulls are omnivorous, feeding mainly on small fish, water insects and even some plants. Even though they are called “black-headed” gulls, their heads are not really black. During the time they have babies, their heads turn dark brown. But in winter, their heads become white, with only a small dark mark behind each eye. For a long time, Taihu Lake was only a place where these birds stopped to rest for a short while. The big change happened around 2020. The government decided to stop all fishing in Taihu for ten years. This gave the fish time to grow. Reports show that the number of fish in the lake went up by 300 percent. Since then, more and more gulls have come back to spend the winter. Chongshan Island becomes their main winter home. Every late October, they arrive in groups after flying 6,000 kilometers from Lake Baikal. The quiet fishing ports around the island and the tall red-and-white lighthouse give them good places to rest. They stay until early March. The fishing ban (禁令) was not made for the gulls, but now the gulls show us that it is a good decision. Every gull that flies back to this island is not just a visitor — it is coming home. And we may understand that living together peacefully doesn’t always mean doing big things. Sometimes, it just means leaving space for others—and the space we leave is exactly where beauty comes to stay. 1．What do black-headed gulls look like in winter? A．They are grey all over. B．They have all-black heads. C．They have dark marks near their eyes D．They have red beaks and black wings. 2．What does the underlined word “omnivorous” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Eating only plants. B．Eating only meat. C．Eating food people give them. D．Eating both plants and animals. 3．What can be inferred from the ten-year fishing ban on Taihu Lake? A．It helped create good conditions for the visiting birds. B．It was carried out specially to attract black-headed gulls. C．It greatly reduced the number of tourists visiting the lake. D．It made the gulls stay on Chongshan Island all year round. 4．What does the writer mean by the last sentence “and the space we leave is exactly where beauty comes to stay”? A．Beauty comes when humans do big things to protect the environment. B．The best way to protect the gulls is to build more homes for them. C．Protecting nature sometimes means leaving space for others. D．The more we take from nature, the more beauty we create. ①Have you heard of“the giant panda of the water”? The Yangtze River is its home. It is a very good swimmer. Flipping, nodding and jumping are easy for it in the water. It is the Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚), which lives only in the Yangtze River. ②The Yangtze River is the cradle of Chinese civilization (中华文明的摇篮). It starts from the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is over 6,300 kilometers long. It flows through eleven provincial-level regions and finally runs into the East China Sea. It is China’s longest river and the third longest river in the world. ③The Yangtze River is also called “China’ s mother river”. It is very important to the environment. With ecosystems like forests and wetlands, the river is home to many plants and animals, such as giant pandas, Yangtze finless porpoises and ginkgo trees. Wetlands help protect water resources and improve water quality. ④However, in recent years, the plants and animals in the Yangtze River have faced problems because of environmental pollution. To solve this, the government made a plan in 2016 to protect the great river. In the years since then, many good changes have taken place. ⑤Thousands of factories have been closed, improved or moved away to stop polluted water from running into the river. At the same time, new green businesses have appeared. For example, in a park, a company makes paper products in a way that is 100 percent biodegradable (可分解的). Technology also helps a lot. Since 2021, Chongqing has built an AI system to watch fishing and pollution. So far, it has connected over 1,200 cameras and dozens of drones to find illegal (非法的) fishing and pollution risks. ⑥Flood control and prevention are also important for people living along the river. Now scientists use a digital twin of the Yangtze to help with floods. The digital twin uses big data, AI and the Internet of things to collect information and send it to a control center. A 3D model on the computer shows the real conditions of the river. With this system, flood warnings can be sent earlier, so people can move to safe places in time. ⑦ ▲ The main part of the Yangtze River has kept Class II water quality, which is the second best level, for six straight years. Now, we all need to start with ourselves—not littering, not pouring untreated water. If everyone did this, it would make a big difference. 1．According to the following map, what is the general flow direction of the Yangtze River? A．From east to west. B．From west to east. C．From north to south. D．From south to north. 2．How does the writer introduce the Yangtze River in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing opinions. D．By asking questions. 3．What do Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? A．3D models of Yangtze River. B．The location of the Yangtze River. C．The importance of the Yangtze River. D．Ways of protecting the Yangtze River. 4．Which sentence should be put at the beginning of Paragraph 7? A．Protection does not stop. B．All the efforts have paid off. C．The situation remains serious. D．The river is facing new challenges. Pocket parks, also known as “micro parks”, are becoming more and more popular in many cities across China, including Suqian. These small parks are usually built in unused corners of the city, such as the open space between buildings, the roadside idle land and the old community corners. They are usually less than 10,000 square meters, but they bring great changes to people’s daily life. Unlike large city parks, which are usually far away from many communities, pocket parks are just a few minutes’ walk from people’s homes. They are designed to meet the daily needs of nearby residents. In these small parks, you can see green trees, colorful flowers, comfortable benches, fitness equipment and even children’s playgrounds. For many people, especially the elderly and children, pocket parks have become their first choice for outdoor activities. In Suqian, more than 50 pocket parks have been built in the past two years. “I used to have to walk 20 minutes to the nearest big park,” says Aunt Li, a 65-year-old resident of Suqian. “Now there is a pocket park right outside my building. Every morning, I do exercise with my friends here, and in the afternoon, I take my grandson to play here. It’s really convenient!” Besides providing a place for relaxation, pocket parks also play an important role in improving the city’s environment. They can reduce the heat island effect by adding more green plants, clean the air and provide a home for small animals and birds. What’s more, turning idle land into green parks also helps to make the city more tidy and beautiful. “Pocket parks are not just about greening the city,” says an expert. “They are about building a warm and livable city for everyone. Every small corner of the city can be a beautiful place for people to enjoy life.” 1．What is a pocket park according to the passage? A．A large park with a lot of facilities. B．A small park built in the unused city corners. C．A park built for children to play. D．A park located in the countryside. 2．What is the main advantage of pocket parks compared with large city parks? A．They are much bigger. B．They have more kinds of plants. C．They are closer to people’s homes. D．They are more beautiful. 3．What does the example of Aunt Li in Paragraph 3 show? A．Pocket parks bring convenience to local residents. B．Old people like to do exercise in the park. C．Suqian has built many pocket parks. D．There are no big parks in Suqian. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of pocket parks in China. B．The ways to build pocket parks. C．The advantages and importance of pocket parks. D．The difference between pocket parks and large parks. If you’ve ever picked up plastic while cleaning a beach, you may have held more than waste in your hands. A new study shows microplastics—small plastic pieces under 5 mm—are quickly covered by harmful bacteria (细菌). This turns small plastic pieces, wrappers and bottles on the beach into vehicles (载体) for carrying diseases. Microplastics now cover every part of the earth. They are in plastic products and in the air we breathe. More than 125 trillion (万亿) pieces float in the ocean, and more are found in rivers, soils, animals, and even the human body. But scientists say that the danger is not just the plastic itself: it’s the Plastisphere (塑料表层菌群)—the thin layer of bacteria that grow on each small piece. ________ A team led by Dr. Emily Stevenson from Plymouth Marine Laboratory & University of Exeter published a new study. They found microplastics in real natural environments—from hospital wastewater to coastal waters—carry bacteria during their whole journey. To prove their idea, they carried out an experiment and tested five materials: bio-beads, nurdles, polystyrene, wood, and glass. They put them along a river running from highly polluted areas to the sea. After two months, tests showed: All plastics, in all places, had pathogens (病原体) and drug-resistant (耐药的) bacteria. Each microplastic can work as a small, moving dish for growing germs (细菌). It carried super-bacteria from hospital wastewater to beaches, swimming areas and shellfish-growing sites. “This study shows the risk of disease and drug-resistant germs from microplastics in our oceans and coasts,” said Dr. Stevenson. “We strongly advise volunteers to wear gloves during beach cleanups and wash hands later.” As microplastics continue to increase around the world, researchers warn that the Plastisphere could make the spread of super-bacteria worse. The study calls for better waste management, less plastic waste and unified plans across wastewater, healthcare, and ocean protection. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By offering advice. B．By presenting study results. C．By expressing opinions. D．By giving background information. 2．Which sentence can be put in the blank ________ in Paragraph 3? A．How can we deal with plastic waste? B．Why are bacteria difficult to study? C．What makes microplastics more dangerous? D．When do we do beach cleanups? 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Plastics easily carry harmful and drug-resistant bacteria. B．Wood and glass are safer than other materials in water. C．Hospitals are the main cause of plastic pollution in rivers. D．More experiments should be done in natural environments. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Sea pollution: Serious problem B．Microplastics: Hidden disease carriers C．Beach cleanup: Safe and helpful work D．New Study: Stop Wastewater Pollution Whether it’s about politics, health or society, the online world is full of misinformation (错误信息), and it can have a serious influence on how people see the world. The problem has become worse with new AI tools easily creating lifelike images, videos and text that can be used to share fake (假的) information. And there are plenty of smart people who fall for fake news — so what exactly is going on? One of the reasons is “confirmation bias (确认偏见)”, which refers to how we usually believe things that confirm a belief we already have. Similar to this is a “familiarity bias (熟悉偏见)”, which is how we are also more likely to believe something if we see or hear it a lot. There is also “availability bias (可得性偏见)” — we tend to believe things that are easy to remember. A lot of misinformation is sensational (耸人听闻的) and shocking, so our brains remember it more easily. The way social media works has made it perfect for spreading misinformation too. Research has found that posts (帖子) that cause a lot of strong negative (负面的) feelings, like fear or anger, get much more attention than neutral (中立的) or positive posts. Algorithms (算法) reward people’s likes, comments and shares. So getting a lot of likes, comments and shares will often mean a post gets shown to more people — whether or not it has true information. This can mean misinformation gets spread and repeated very quickly. This also means that even if you comment on a post to challenge or fact-check it, you may end up helping bring the misinformation to more people. So what can you do to protect yourself and your community from misinformation? Take time to check if the information is true before you share it, especially if it seems really shocking. Ask yourself if the person or organization that posted it has any biases or if they are really an expert on the topic. Then look for the same facts on other trusted websites. And if you still have doubts—don’t like, comment or share! 1．What does the underlined part “fall for” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Understand. B．Forget. C．Discover. D．Believe. 2．How does the writer show what kind of posts get more attention in Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 3．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Shocking news is always worth sharing. B．Algorithms help spread true information. C．We should check a post before sharing it. D．We should comment to correct fake news. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．AI and Social Media Problems B．Why People Believe Fake News C．How to Check Information Online D．How AI Creates Fake News Online A new study shows that humans may not be fit for life in busy cities. Scientists say the study tells us how important nature is for people’s health and happiness. Our bodies are still used to the life of our early ancestors (祖先). In ancient times, early humans lived in natural settings, like forests, coasts, and mountains. To make a living, they had to take physical activities every day, such as hunting animals and collecting plants for food. They also walked a long way to find resources. The bodies and brains of early humans developed well for this kind of life. And this helped them stay safe from danger. For example, when they met a dangerous animal like a lion,their brains would send a warning quickly. Then their bodies could run fast to get away. The situation changed greatly in the late 1700s. The Industrial Revolution (革命) started,and machines began to do much work that people did before. Later, cars, trains and factories appeared. Many natural areas were destroyed (毁坏 ) to build houses and shops.Green space became less and less. The study says that human society developed much faster than our bodies. This made a mismatch between us and the modern environment. In the 21st century, we sit for long hours every day. Our stress usually comes from work, study or heavy traffic, not from wild animals. But our bodies and brains still send warnings all the time, just“like facing lions again and again”, said Daniel Longman, one of the study’s writers. This is bad for our immune (免疫) system and general health. To solve the problem, the scientists advise cities to have more green space. They also say people should spend more time in nature. This can help us keep healthy and strong in modern life. 1．What did early humans do to make a living in ancient times? A．They built houses and villages to live in. B．They invented and used tools to work. C．They hunted animals and gathered plants. D．They ran fast to send warnings to others. 2．When did the situation of human life change greatly according to the passage? A．In ancient times. B．In the late 1700s. C．In modern times. D．In the 21st century. 3．Why was there a mismatch between humans and the environment in modern times? A．Because there were fewer wild animals in the forests. B．Because society developed faster than human bodies. C．Because people were under pressure from their families. D．Because people did a lot of physical activities every day. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Are There Ways to Reduce Stress? B．What Is the Industrial Revolution? C．Why Aren’t Humans Fit for City Life? D．How Can We Keep Healthy and Strong? Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort (分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point. Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles (角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system. The idea of the smart bin was born 3 years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution. “All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.” The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online. “Our bin is now in its third generation (代). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city,” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.” 1．The main purpose of the smart rubbish bin invented by the students is ________. A．to reduce the cost of waste collection B．to help people sort waste correctly using AI C．to collect more waste from the public D．to replace all human workers in waste management 2．The students train the AI system for the bin by ________. A．writing a computer program B．reading books about waste sorting C．asking villagers for advice D．taking hundreds of pictures 3．Why were the students inspired to invent the smart bin? A．Because of the problem of too much rubbish. B．Because of their school project requirement. C．Because of a competition they wanted to win. D．Because of their teacher’s suggestion. 4．From the passage, we know that ________. A．the bin is now in its fourth generation B．the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at home C．people will recycle and protect the environment more easily D．the bin can’t be widely used in the city 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇（江苏专用） （精选中考模拟热点话题） The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala presented an amazing program named Wu BOT. In the special show, humanoid robots—robots that look and move like humans—performed traditional Chinese kung fu together with young martial artists. It soon turned out to be one of the most popular and unforgettable shows of the year. These smart robots were developed and produced by Unitree Technology. They are able to perform difficult and wonderful kung fu movements, including drunken boxing and nunchucks (双节棍). They performed perfectly on stage with students from Tagou Martial Arts School. Thanks to high-precision (高精度的) control, the robots can move smoothly and correctly just like real performers. The robots have improved greatly in just one year. At the 2025 gala, they could only take part in simple group dances. However, in the 2026 gala, they are able to perform difficult kung fu moves without difficulty. This fact clearly shows that China’s robot technology is developing at high speed. Wu BOT is more than just an interesting performance. It successfully brings together traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. ________. In the future, robots like these will be used widely in many parts of our daily life. 1．Why could the robots move very well on stage? A．Because they practice every day. B．Because they are very light. C．Because they have high-precision control. D．Because they can dance well. 2．What does the underlined word “humanoid” probably mean? A．Small and light. B．Very expensive. C．Fast and strong. D．Having a human-like shape and appearance. 3．What progress did the robots make in a year? A．They could talk with people. B．They could work at home. C．They could do difficult kung fu. D．They could teach kung fu. 4．Which can be put in “________”? A．Kung fu is a kind of Chinese culture. B．Many young people want to learn kung fu. C．The gala has many interesting shows. D．It also shows the latest development of China’s robots. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Kung Fu B．A popular robot kung fu show C．How to make humanoid robots D．The history of the Spring Festival Gala 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了2026年央视春晚节目《武Bot》，讲述了人形机器人与武术演员同台表演功夫的细节、技术突破，并展现了中国机器人技术的发展速度与文化融合意义。 1．第二段明确提到：“Thanks to high-precision control, the robots can move smoothly and correctly just like real performers.”，这直接说明机器人能在舞台上流畅动作的原因是高精度控制。 2．第一段给出解释：“humanoid robots—robots that look and move like humans”，破折号后的内容直接定义了“humanoid”，即外形和动作都像人类。 3．第三段对比说明：“At the 2025 gala, they could only take part in simple group dances. However, in the 2026 gala, they are able to perform difficult kung fu moves without difficulty.”，这表明机器人一年间的进步是从简单群舞升级到能表演高难度功夫。 4．第四段前文提到节目“brings together traditional Chinese culture and modern technology”，后文展望机器人的未来应用，中间需要衔接“机器人技术发展”的内容，选项D“It also shows the latest development of China’s robots.”既承接了前文的技术话题，又引出了后文的未来展望，逻辑连贯。 5．全文围绕春晚机器人功夫表演展开，介绍了节目内容、技术细节与意义，因此最佳标题是“A popular robot kung fu show”。 It was a February afternoon. We were in a classroom. Taylor Angler watched some ducks swimming on a farm. But it was all in her head. A virtual reality (VR) headset (虚拟现实头戴式显示设备) took her there. “I was surprised to find that the ducks were right in front of me! It was an exciting experience (经历).” Taylor said after taking off the purple headset and finding herself still in the classroom. Many students around the world are taking VR “trips” like Taylor. But what change does it cause in learning? Taking children to visit different places is a good way to teach them about the world. But what can children do if they forget it after the trip? VR lets children go back at any time. It’s difficult to talk about something if you didn’t see it with your own eyes in the past. If you didn’t see the ocean, with VR, now you can have a look at it for yourself. VR can also help students in science classes at school. “Too often at school, when you do experiments (实验), you put different kinds of chemicals (化学品) together and then get the result. And if you aren’t successful, you need to do it again,” a high school teacher said. “But we don’t have enough chemicals. With VR, I just need to do it again on the computer. I don’t have to use chemicals.” VR is useful, but that’s not to say we don’t need real-world experiences. The real world is what we really need to learn about. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By following the time order. B．By showing a study result. C．By giving some numbers. D．By writing a girl’s experience. 2．What can we know about Taylor Angler from the passage? A．She visited a farm herself. B．She wore a red headset. C．She was in a classroom. D．She took a trip with her classmates. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．With VR, students can repeat experiments without using real chemicals. B．With VR, students don’t need to do experiments any more. C．With VR, students can only do experiments on the computer. D．With VR, students can get the same chemicals from the computer. 4．What is a good way to teach children about the world according to the passage? A．Reading books. B．Telling stories. C．Watching TV. D．Taking them to visit different places. 5．Which is the best structure (结构) of this passage? (① = Paragraph 1 ② = Paragraph 2 ③ = Paragraph 3 ④ = Paragraph 4 ⑤ = Paragraph 5) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文围绕虚拟现实（VR）技术在教育领域的应用展开。 1．文章开头讲述了Taylor Angler戴着虚拟现实头戴式显示设备，仿佛置身于农场看鸭子游泳，之后摘下头戴式显示设备发现自己还在教室里的经历。这是通过描述一个女孩的经历来开启文章的。 2．第一段明确提到“It was a February afternoon. We were in a classroom.”，说明Taylor实际上是在教室里，通过虚拟现实设备体验农场场景。她并没有亲自去农场。 3．文中第四段提到“Too often at school, when you do experiments (实验), you put different kinds of chemicals (化学品) together and then get the result. And if you aren’t successful, you need to do it again,” a high school teacher said. “But we don’t have enough chemicals. With VR, I just need to do it again on the computer. I don’t have to use chemicals.”。老师表示在学校做实验时，如果实验不成功需要重复做，但化学品不够，而有了虚拟现实技术，就可以在电脑上重复实验，不需要使用真实的化学品。所以这句话的意思是有了虚拟现实技术，学生可以不用真实化学品重复实验。 4．第二段明确指出“Taking children to visit different places is a good way to teach them about the world.”，即带孩子去参观不同的地方是教他们了解世界的好方法。 5．第一段通过Taylor Angler的经历引出虚拟现实技术在学习中的应用这一话题；第二、三、四段分别阐述了虚拟现实技术在学习中的不同作用，如可以让学生随时回顾参观经历、能让学生亲眼看到以前难以看到的事物、能帮助学生在科学课上重复实验等；第五段则指出虚拟现实技术虽然有用，但我们仍然需要现实世界的体验，对前文进行了总结，选项D符合本文的结构。 The 2026 Beijing E-Town Half Marathon and Humanoid Robot Half Marathon was officially held on April 19. As the second holding of the world’s first famous humanoid robot half marathon, which first started in 2025, the event has become an important global place for testing and improving humanoid robot technologies. After hard competition, Shandian (Lightning), made by Team Monkey King under Honor, won the championship with a great time of 50 minutes and 26 seconds. This result is a big progress compared with the 2025 winning time of nearly two hours and 41 minutes, and is better than the current men’s world record for the human half marathon. It fully shows the fast progress of robots in running speed, dynamic balance and energy. The 21.0975-kilometer race began at Kechuang 17th Street and ended at Nanhaizi Park, passing several famous places in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, including Robot World, Pawlonia Boulevard and BOE’s headquarters. Having more than ten kinds of landforms such as flat roads, slopes, bends and narrow parts, the race provided a difficult real-world test for the competing robots. The players were divided into fully automatic robots and remotely controlled robots. To encourage the development of independent intelligent technologies, the real finishing time of remotely controlled robots was multiplied by 1.2. At the same time, nearly 40 percent of the teams used fully automatic robots this year, a big increase from last year. The event is more than a sports competition. It shows the idea of promoting research, industrialization and use through competitions, providing a useful real-scenario test for embodied intelligence (具身智能). It also shows China’s steady progress in the research and development of humanoid robots, supporting the new development of the global high-end equipment industry. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph about the humanoid robot half marathon? A．It was not well-known when it was first held in 2025. B．It is held once a year in Beijing E-Town. C．It is the only humanoid robot marathon in the world. D．It has become an important place for related technology. 2．What can we infer about fully automatic robots from Paragraph 4? A．They are more difficult to make than remotely controlled robots. B．They are becoming more popular among participating teams. C．They all finished the race faster than remotely controlled robots. D．They were not used in the 2025 marathon. 3．Which of the following is true according to the text? A．All robots in the race must be controlled from far away. B．The race route only includes simple and flat city roads. C．Some robots’ results use a special calculation way. D．Most teams chose fully automatic robots this year. 4．What does the author want to tell us through the last paragraph? A．The event is only a common sports competition. B．China is leading the world in robot technology. C．The event helps the development of robot industry. D．Embodied intelligence is not important for robots. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了2026北京亦庄半程马拉松及人形机器人半程马拉松赛事的相关情况，包括赛事地位、比赛结果、赛道设置、参赛机器人分类以及赛事意义等。 1．第一段提到“the event has become an important global place for testing and improving humanoid robot technologies”，这直接说明人形机器人半程马拉松已成为相关技术的重要测试和提升场所。 2．第四段提到“At the same time, nearly 40 percent of the teams used fully automatic robots this year, a big increase from last year”，由此可以推断出全自动机器人在参赛队伍中越来越受欢迎。 3．第四段提到“To encourage the development of independent intelligent technologies, the real finishing time of remotely controlled robots was multiplied by 1.2”，说明一些机器人（遥控机器人）的成绩使用了特殊的计算方式。 4．最后一段提到“It shows the idea of promoting research, industrialization and use through competitions, providing a useful real-scenario test for embodied intelligence (具身智能). It also shows China’s steady progress in the research and development of humanoid robots, supporting the new development of the global high-end equipment industry”，说明该赛事有助于机器人产业的发展。 Have you ever heard of “blue carbon”? Blue carbon is the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes. Although these ecosystems cover only a small part of the ocean, they can store huge amounts of carbon — much more than forests on land. China has been making great efforts to protect blue carbon ecosystems. In Fujian Province, the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a good example. The reserve covers about 2,360 hectares and is home to many kinds of birds, fish, and other wildlife. The mangroves there not only provide habitats for animals but also help protect the coastline from storms and rising sea levels. Scientists say that protecting and restoring blue carbon ecosystems is one of the most effective ways to fight climate change. When these ecosystems are damaged, the carbon stored in them is released into the atmosphere, making global warming worse. That's why many countries, including China, are working to protect and expand their blue carbon areas. In 2023, China launched a national plan to protect and restore mangroves. The goal is to increase the country's mangrove area and improve the health of existing mangrove forests. Local communities are also involved in the protection work. Some fishermen have become “mangrove guardians,” helping to plant new mangroves and prevent illegal cutting. “Blue carbon is a gift from nature,” said a scientist working at the Zhangjiang Estuary Reserve. “If we take good care of it, it will take care of us.” 1．What is “blue carbon”? A．Carbon stored in forests on land. B．Carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems. C．Carbon produced by factories. D．Carbon found in blue-colored plants. 2．How large is the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve? A．About 2,360 square meters. B．About 2,360 hectares. C．About 23,600 hectares. D．About 236 hectares. 3．What happens when blue carbon ecosystems are damaged? A．More carbon is stored. B．The ocean becomes cleaner. C．Stored carbon is released into the atmosphere. D．The climate becomes cooler. 4．What did China do in 2023 to protect mangroves? A．Built more factories near the coast. B．Launched a national protection and restoration plan. C．Stopped all fishing activities. D．Moved people away from coastal areas. 5．What can we infer from the scientist's words in the last paragraph? A．Blue carbon is not important for the environment. B．Protecting blue carbon benefits both nature and humans. C．Scientists don't care about climate change. D．Blue carbon will disappear soon. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“蓝碳”的概念，即储存在沿海和海洋生态系统中的碳，阐述了中国在保护蓝碳生态系统方面所做的努力，包括建立保护区、推出保护和修复红树林的国家计划等，还说明了保护蓝碳生态系统对应对气候变化的重要性以及科学家对蓝碳的看法。 1．第一段提到“Blue carbon is the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes.”，这直接表明蓝碳是储存在沿海和海洋生态系统中的碳。 2．第二段指出“In Fujian Province, the Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a good example. The reserve covers about 2,360 hectares”，说明漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区面积约2360公顷。 3．第三段提到“When these ecosystems are damaged, the carbon stored in them is released into the atmosphere, making global warming worse.”，说明当蓝碳生态系统遭到破坏时，储存的碳会释放到大气中。 4．第四段提到“In 2023, China launched a national plan to protect and restore mangroves.”，说明2023年中国推出了一项保护和修复红树林的国家计划。 5．最后一段科学家说“Blue carbon is a gift from nature. If we take good care of it, it will take care of us.”，意思是蓝碳是大自然给予的礼物，我们好好保护它，它也会照顾我们，由此可推断出保护蓝碳对自然和人类都有益。 On April 24, 2026, something exciting happened in the world of AI. DeepSeek, a top AI company based in Hangzhou, showed the preview version of its brand-new V4 large language model. The news spread fast, catching the eyes of tech fans all over the globe, and marking a big milestone for China’s homegrown AI innovation. The new V4 family has two cool versions: V4-Pro and V4-Flash. Both of them are like “supercharged” models, with big upgrades in their core abilities. They are especially smarter at logical thinking, solving real-world problems for businesses, and writing code quickly. What’s more, they can handle super long texts way more smoothly, so they can easily meet the needs of both industrial digital change and academic research. Just like before, DeepSeek-V4 is still fully open-source. That means developers and companies can use it freely, and help AI grow in all kinds of industries. One of its biggest superpowers is that it works perfectly with most Chinese-made AI chips, including new advanced products from Huawei and Cambricon (寒武纪). At a time when the world is facing semiconductor (半导体) supply problems, this breakthrough is a game-changer. It helps China’s AI industry rely less on foreign hardware, and makes our whole AI ecosystem stronger and more self-reliant. Of course, DeepSeek-V4 still has some room to grow when compared with the world’s most advanced AI models. But its steady improvements, great performance in real-life tests, and full support for domestic hardware all show one clear thing: China’s AI industry is on the rise! With lower costs, faster speed, and an open, friendly tech community, DeepSeek-V4 is all set to power cross-border tech teamwork and push smart industrial development forward around the world. 1．What is a highlight (亮点) of DeepSeek-V4 according to Paragraph 2? A．It gives up its old open-tech plan. B．It gets better at logical thinking and writing code. C．It is only made for pure academic research. D．It stops working with industrial digital change. 2．Why is DeepSeek-V4’s ability to work with Chinese AI chips so important? A．It helps our industry depend less on foreign core hardware. B．It makes the world’s semiconductor supply totally useless. C．It beats the world’s top AI models at once. D．It helps sell Chinese smart devices all over the world. 3．Why does the writer say “this breakthrough is a game-changer”? A．It makes China’s AI industry independent of foreign support completely. B．It helps solve the global semiconductor supply crisis completely. C．It changes the situation of China’s AI industry relying on foreign hardware. D．It makes Huawei and Cambricon become the top chip companies. 4．What can we learn about DeepSeek-V4 from the text? A．It has already become the world’s best AI tech. B．It shows China’s AI industry is growing faster than any other country. C．It will soon surpass (超越) all the world’s most advanced AI models. D．It will play an important role in global smart industrial development. 5．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce DeepSeek-V4 and show its value to China’s AI development. B．To explain how to use DeepSeek-V4 to solve industrial problems. C．To compare DeepSeek-V4 with other AI models in the world. D．To encourage more companies to make Chinese-made AI chips. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2026年4月24日发布的DeepSeek-V4系列大语言模型的两个版本（V4-Pro和V4-Flash），重点说明了其在逻辑推理、代码编写、长文本处理等方面的升级，以及与国产AI芯片（如华为、寒武纪）的兼容性，强调其对提升中国AI产业自主可控能力的重要意义。 1．第二段提到：“Both of them are like ‘supercharged’ models...They are especially smarter at logical thinking... and writing code quickly.” 说明DeepSeek-V4在逻辑思维和代码编写方面更强。 2．第四段提到：“This breakthrough is a game-changer. It helps China’s AI industry rely less on foreign hardware.” 说明与国产芯片的兼容性减少了对国外硬件的依赖。 3．第四段提到：“At a time when the world is facing semiconductor supply problems...It helps China’s AI industry rely less on foreign hardware.”，因此“game-changer”指的是改变中国AI产业依赖国外硬件的局面。 4．最后一段提到：“DeepSeek-V4 is all set to power cross-border tech teamwork and push smart industrial development forward around the world.”，说明它将在全球智能产业发展中发挥重要作用。 5．全文从发布、技术亮点、国产芯片适配、产业意义等方面介绍DeepSeek-V4，并强调其对中国AI发展的价值，因此写作目的是介绍该模型并展示其价值。 Scientists have found facts that raccoons in the US are changing their appearance as they spend more time near humans. The researchers think it’s the start of “domestication (驯化)”, which is a type of evolution (进化). Evolution is how living things change over time to fit into their environment and improve their chances of staying alive, and domestication means changing to fit in with human environments. In cities or towns where there are a lot of people, there is often much leftover food in rubbish bins and not many enemies. So wild animals can gradually change to fit into the life here and domesticate themselves. Fully domesticated animals, like dogs and cats, often have smaller teeth, curly tails, short noses and soft ears compared with their wild relatives such as wolves and lions. A team of students led by Raffaela Lesch analyzed almost 20,000 pictures of raccoons across the US. Their study found that raccoons living in cities had shorter noses than their relatives living in the countryside. This change may be connected with their behavior. Animals that develop gentler behaviors have shorter noses. Lesch says, “Leftover food is really the starter of it all”. Raccoons are mainly active at night and are known for looking for food from rubbish bins. Getting to bins, which are often near humans, requires raccoons to be quite tame — or be friendly and not scared of humans. As Lesch explains, “All they have to do is stay around us and not be aggressive (有攻击性的), and then they can enjoy a good meal on anything we throw away”. Some experts think that the signs of domestication, like short noses, help to make animals seem less dangerous or more lovely to humans. However, not all scientists agree with Lesch’s study. Although raccoons could ever become truly domesticated, they are still wild animals. 1．What do we know about raccoons in cities from the text? A．They often get their meals from rubbish bins. B．They have longer noses than country raccoons. C．They often search for food during the daytime. D．They grow more scared of humans than before. 2．What does the underlined word “tame” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Wild. B．Beautiful. C．Dangerous. D．Gentle. 3．What can we infer about raccoons from Lesch’s study? A．They will soon become fully domesticated like dogs. B．They are slowly developing to live better near humans. C．They have more enemies in cities than in the countryside. D．They need to be aggressive to get food from rubbish bins. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．How people live with wild animals. B．How raccoons look for food in cities. C．What changes happen to city raccoons. D．Why wild animals have special looks. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了美国的浣熊因长期与人类共处，正出现外形与行为上的 “自我驯化” 特征，探讨了这种变化的原因、表现以及相关争议。 1．根据原文第4段 “Raccoons are mainly active at night and are known for looking for food from rubbish bins.” 可知，浣熊常从垃圾桶获取食物。 2．根据原文第4段 “requires raccoons to be quite tame — or be friendly and not scared of humans.” 可知，tame与后文 “friendly and not scared of humans” 是并列解释关系，意思是 “温顺的、不具攻击性的” 。 3．根据原文第3段 “raccoons living in cities had shorter noses... Animals that develop gentler behaviors have shorter noses.” 及第4段 “requires raccoons to be quite tame — or friendly and not scared of humans.” 可知，城市浣熊正在逐渐适应与人类共处的生活，发展出更温和的行为与外形特征。 4．根据全文内容可知，文章开篇提出浣熊正在发生 “驯化” 变化，接着介绍了城市浣熊的食物来源、行为与外形变化 (短鼻子、温和性格)，最后补充了相关争议，核心围绕 “城市浣熊的变化” 展开。 In 2025, a team of scientists from China developed a new environmental tech called “Solar-Powered Algae (藻类) Mats” (SPA Mats), which has become a great achievement in cleaning polluted water. Unlike traditional water treatment (处理) methods that cost much and use lots of energy, SPA Mats use solar power to grow special algae that eat harmful things in rivers, lakes and even oceans. This technology has been tested in three Chinese cities since early 2026 and shown amazing results. Each SPA Mat is a thin, flexible sheet that can be spread on water surfaces easily. It is covered with tiny solar panels that provide energy for the algae to grow fast. Every 1 m² of SPA Mats can clean 120 liters of polluted water per day, and it can work for up to 18 months without being replaced. The team first tested 50 SPA Mats in a small polluted river in Hangzhou. After two months, the water quality improved greatly. Encouraged by this, they added 150 more mats in the same area. In total, these mats reduced harmful chemicals in the river by 65% and made the water clear enough for small fish to return. Local people also noticed that the bad smell from the river was gone, and more birds began to stay nearby. However, the technology still has room for improvement. The SPA Mats work best in areas with plenty of sunlight, but they don’t work as well on cloudy days or in dark water. Also, making the mats requires special materials that are not cheap yet. Scientists are now working to optimize the technology, hoping to make the mats affordable and suitable for different weather conditions. The team behind SPA Mats hopes to bring this technology to more countries by 2027, for it shows environmental protection and scientific development can go hand in hand. Such green tech can surely grow fast in the future, solve more water pollution problems around the world and let more people see the great power of science and nature working together. 1．Why does the writer talk about the test in Hangzhou in Paragraph 2? A．To explain how to use the SPA Mats in rivers. B．To show where the SPA Mats were first made. C．To tell how well the SPA Mats work in real life. D．To compare the SPA Mats with other water cleaners. 2．Why don’t the SPA Mats work as well in some environments? A．They need plenty of sunlight to work well. B．They need to be replaced after a short time. C．They need much water to keep the algae alive. D．They can only be used in small rivers in China. 3．What does the underlined word “optimize” mean in paragraph 3? A．To look for something. B．To stop using something. C．To make something better. D．To change something totally. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Scientists will soon work out all the problems of SPA Mats. B．Traditional water treatment methods are no longer popular now. C．SPA Mats have been widely used in many countries around the world. D．Green tech will play a more important part in environmental protection. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce a new water-cleaning technology and its effects. B．To call on people to protect rivers and lakes from pollution. C．To compare different methods of water treatment in China. D．To explain why scientific development is important for the future. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国科学家研发的“太阳能藻类垫”（SPA Mats）这一环保技术，包括其工作原理、实际应用效果、存在的不足及改进方向，以及未来的推广前景。 1．根据第二段“The team first tested 50 SPA Mats in a small polluted river in Hangzhou. After two months, the water quality improved greatly. Encouraged by this, they added 150 more mats in the same area. In total, these mats reduced harmful chemicals in the river by 65% and made the water clear enough for small fish to return.”可知，投放SPA Mats后，河流有害化学物质减少65%、水质变清、臭味消失，证明这项技术实际使用效果很好。因此作者举杭州测试的例子是为了展示这项技术在现实中的效果。 2．根据第三段“The SPA Mats work best in areas with plenty of sunlight, but they don’t work as well on cloudy days or in dark water.”可知，这项技术依靠充足阳光才能发挥最佳效果，阴天或深水环境效果就会下降。 3．前文提到这项技术还有不足（受天气限制、材料贵），后文提到科学家的目标是让这种垫子变得平价、适应不同天气，因此这里“optimize”意为“优化、改进”，即“让事物变得更好”。 4．根据最后一段“Such green tech can surely grow fast in the future, solve more water pollution problems around the world and let more people see the great power of science and nature working together.”可知，绿色科技将在未来发挥更重要作用，解决更多水污染问题，并让人们看到科学与自然结合的巨大力量，即绿色科技将在环境保护中发挥更重要的作用。 5．全文围绕中国科学家研发的新型净水技术“太阳能藻类垫”展开，介绍了它的原理、实际效果、现存不足和未来前景，核心目的就是介绍这项新技术和它的作用。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most powerful technologies in the modern world. It is developing rapidly and deeply influencing society, industry and personal life. AI is designed to copy human intelligence. It can collect data, learn from experience, and finish smart tasks without continuous human control. As a rising high-tech field, it has drawn huge attention across the whole country. AI has widely entered ordinary people’s daily life and public services. At home, smart household products can control temperature, lights and safety systems automatically (自动地). Online learning platforms use AI to record students’ weak points and offer personalized learning plans. In public services, intelligent robots work in libraries and museums to guide visitors. Smart translation tools also break language barriers and help people communicate with the world easily. Besides daily life, AI plays a key role in industry, science and public safety. In medical treatment, advanced AI systems examine large numbers of medical samples to help doctors discover hidden diseases in early stages. In smart transportation, AI analyzes real-time road data to reduce traffic pressure and prevent accidents. In scientific research, it helps researchers deal with complex calculations (计算) and speed up the development of new energy and medical medicine. Every new technology has hidden challenges, and AI is no exception. Some workers may face unemployment (失业) as intelligent machines replace simple repeated work. Over-reliance (过度依赖) on AI may weaken people’s independent thinking and practical ability. What’s more, the risk of information leakage (泄露) and wrong AI decisions also worries social experts. In short, AI brings great chances as well as hidden troubles. It is neither a perfect gift nor a dangerous threat. The best way is to make clear rules for its development and use AI properly. Only when humans keep the leading role, can high-tech serve society in a healthy and long-lasting way. 1．According to this article, put the following events in the correct order. ①AI helps in industry, science and public safety    ②People face challenges brought by AI ③AI influences our daily life and public services    ④AI is developing rapidly A．④③①② B．④①③② C．③④①② D．③①②④ 2．What is the structure of this passage? A．①—②③④—⑤ B．①—②—③④—⑤ C．①—②③—④⑤ D．①—②③④⑤ 3．Which advantage of AI is mentioned in the passage? A．It can stop all traffic accidents. B．It completely avoids information risks. C．It solves all social problems. D．It provides personalized study plans. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of AI Development B．Disadvantages of Modern Technology C．AI: Development, Uses and Challenges D．How to Create Advanced AI Robots 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文概括了文章关于人工智能的发展、应用和挑战的内容。 1．文章第一段提到“It is developing rapidly and deeply influencing society, industry and personal life.”，说明人工智能正在快速发展，对应④。第二段开头“AI has widely entered ordinary people’s daily life and public services.”表明人工智能影响我们的日常生活和公共服务，对应③。第三段开头“Besides daily life, AI plays a key role in industry, science and public safety.”说明人工智能在工业、科学和公共安全方面发挥作用，对应①。第四段开头“Every new technology has hidden challenges, and AI is no exception.”指出人们面临人工智能带来的挑战，对应②。所以正确顺序是④③①②。 2．文章第一段总体介绍人工智能是现代世界最强大的技术之一，发展迅速且影响深远，是总述部分，对应①。第二、三、四段分别从日常生活和公共服务、工业科学和公共安全、面临的挑战这几个方面对人工智能进行分述，对应②③④。第五段总结人工智能既带来机遇也有隐患，要制定规则合理使用，是总结部分，对应⑤。所以文章结构是①—②③④—⑤。 3．文章第二段提到“Online learning platforms use AI to record students’ weak points and offer personalized learning plans.”，意思是在线学习平台利用人工智能记录学生的薄弱点并提供个性化学习计划，说明人工智能能提供个性化学习计划。 4．文章第一段介绍人工智能的发展情况；第二、三段讲述人工智能在日常生活、公共服务、工业科学和公共安全等方面的应用；第四段阐述人工智能面临的挑战；第五段总结要合理使用人工智能。而“AI: Development, Uses and Challenges”全面概括了文章关于人工智能的发展、应用和挑战的内容，所以是最好的标题。 Every winter, a beautiful sight appears on Chongshan Island in Suzhou: hundreds of black-headed gulls (鸥) dance over the grey-blue waters of Taihu Lake. These medium-sized seabirds are popular because of their bright red beaks and feet, snow-white bodies, grey wings and loud, laughing calls. Black-headed gulls are omnivorous, feeding mainly on small fish, water insects and even some plants. Even though they are called “black-headed” gulls, their heads are not really black. During the time they have babies, their heads turn dark brown. But in winter, their heads become white, with only a small dark mark behind each eye. For a long time, Taihu Lake was only a place where these birds stopped to rest for a short while. The big change happened around 2020. The government decided to stop all fishing in Taihu for ten years. This gave the fish time to grow. Reports show that the number of fish in the lake went up by 300 percent. Since then, more and more gulls have come back to spend the winter. Chongshan Island becomes their main winter home. Every late October, they arrive in groups after flying 6,000 kilometers from Lake Baikal. The quiet fishing ports around the island and the tall red-and-white lighthouse give them good places to rest. They stay until early March. The fishing ban (禁令) was not made for the gulls, but now the gulls show us that it is a good decision. Every gull that flies back to this island is not just a visitor — it is coming home. And we may understand that living together peacefully doesn’t always mean doing big things. Sometimes, it just means leaving space for others—and the space we leave is exactly where beauty comes to stay. 1．What do black-headed gulls look like in winter? A．They are grey all over. B．They have all-black heads. C．They have dark marks near their eyes D．They have red beaks and black wings. 2．What does the underlined word “omnivorous” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Eating only plants. B．Eating only meat. C．Eating food people give them. D．Eating both plants and animals. 3．What can be inferred from the ten-year fishing ban on Taihu Lake? A．It helped create good conditions for the visiting birds. B．It was carried out specially to attract black-headed gulls. C．It greatly reduced the number of tourists visiting the lake. D．It made the gulls stay on Chongshan Island all year round. 4．What does the writer mean by the last sentence “and the space we leave is exactly where beauty comes to stay”? A．Beauty comes when humans do big things to protect the environment. B．The best way to protect the gulls is to build more homes for them. C．Protecting nature sometimes means leaving space for others. D．The more we take from nature, the more beauty we create. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了苏州冲山岛太湖上的红嘴鸥，讲述了太湖十年禁渔政策如何改善生态，让红嘴鸥重新回归，传递了“给自然留空间，美就会留下”的环保理念。 1．根据原文第二段“But in winter, their heads become white, with only a small dark mark behind each eye.”可知，冬天红嘴鸥的头部是白色的，眼睛后方有小黑斑，对应选项C（They have dark marks near their eyes）。A（全身灰色）、B（全黑的头）、D（红喙黑翅膀）均不符合原文描述。 2．根据原文第二段“feeding mainly on small fish, water insects and even some plants”可知，红嘴鸥既吃鱼类、昆虫等动物，也吃植物，说明它们是杂食性动物，对应选项D（Eating both plants and animals）。A（只吃植物）、B（只吃肉）、C（只吃人类给的食物）均不符合原文。 3．根据原文第三段，太湖十年禁渔后，湖中鱼类数量增长300%，越来越多的红嘴鸥回归冲山岛过冬，说明禁渔为候鸟创造了良好的生存条件，对应选项A（It helped create good conditions for the visiting birds）。B（专为吸引黑头鸥实施）错误，原文说禁令并非为海鸥而设；C（大幅减少游客数量）无原文依据；D（让海鸥全年停留）错误，海鸥仅冬季停留，次年三月初离开。 4．根据全文主旨，作者通过太湖禁渔的例子，说明人类减少对自然的干预、给其他生命留出空间，就能实现人与自然的和谐共生，对应选项C（Protecting nature sometimes means leaving space for others）。A（靠做大事保护环境）与原文“doesn’t always mean doing big things”矛盾；B（建更多海鸥家园）无原文依据；D（从自然索取越多，创造的美越多）与文意相反。 ①Have you heard of“the giant panda of the water”? The Yangtze River is its home. It is a very good swimmer. Flipping, nodding and jumping are easy for it in the water. It is the Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚), which lives only in the Yangtze River. ②The Yangtze River is the cradle of Chinese civilization (中华文明的摇篮). It starts from the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is over 6,300 kilometers long. It flows through eleven provincial-level regions and finally runs into the East China Sea. It is China’s longest river and the third longest river in the world. ③The Yangtze River is also called “China’ s mother river”. It is very important to the environment. With ecosystems like forests and wetlands, the river is home to many plants and animals, such as giant pandas, Yangtze finless porpoises and ginkgo trees. Wetlands help protect water resources and improve water quality. ④However, in recent years, the plants and animals in the Yangtze River have faced problems because of environmental pollution. To solve this, the government made a plan in 2016 to protect the great river. In the years since then, many good changes have taken place. ⑤Thousands of factories have been closed, improved or moved away to stop polluted water from running into the river. At the same time, new green businesses have appeared. For example, in a park, a company makes paper products in a way that is 100 percent biodegradable (可分解的). Technology also helps a lot. Since 2021, Chongqing has built an AI system to watch fishing and pollution. So far, it has connected over 1,200 cameras and dozens of drones to find illegal (非法的) fishing and pollution risks. ⑥Flood control and prevention are also important for people living along the river. Now scientists use a digital twin of the Yangtze to help with floods. The digital twin uses big data, AI and the Internet of things to collect information and send it to a control center. A 3D model on the computer shows the real conditions of the river. With this system, flood warnings can be sent earlier, so people can move to safe places in time. ⑦ ▲ The main part of the Yangtze River has kept Class II water quality, which is the second best level, for six straight years. Now, we all need to start with ourselves—not littering, not pouring untreated water. If everyone did this, it would make a big difference. 1．According to the following map, what is the general flow direction of the Yangtze River? A．From east to west. B．From west to east. C．From north to south. D．From south to north. 2．How does the writer introduce the Yangtze River in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing opinions. D．By asking questions. 3．What do Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? A．3D models of Yangtze River. B．The location of the Yangtze River. C．The importance of the Yangtze River. D．Ways of protecting the Yangtze River. 4．Which sentence should be put at the beginning of Paragraph 7? A．Protection does not stop. B．All the efforts have paid off. C．The situation remains serious. D．The river is facing new challenges. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了长江的基本概况、生态价值、面临的环境问题及保护措施，展现了长江的重要性与保护成果。 1．文中第二段提到长江发源于青藏高原唐古拉山脉，最终流入东海，结合地图可知其流向为自西向东。 2．文中第二段使用了“over 6,300 kilometers long”“eleven provincial-level regions”等数据来介绍长江的长度与流经区域，因此作者是通过列数字的方式介绍长江的。 3．文中第五段介绍了关闭污染工厂、发展绿色产业、利用AI系统监管等保护措施；第六段介绍了数字孪生技术在防洪减灾中的应用，两段均围绕长江的保护措施展开。 4．文中第七段提到“The main part of the Yangtze River has kept Class II water quality...for six straight years”，说明保护措施取得了成效，因此段首应填入总结成果的句子。选项B“All the efforts have paid off.”（所有努力都有了回报）与上下文衔接自然。 Pocket parks, also known as “micro parks”, are becoming more and more popular in many cities across China, including Suqian. These small parks are usually built in unused corners of the city, such as the open space between buildings, the roadside idle land and the old community corners. They are usually less than 10,000 square meters, but they bring great changes to people’s daily life. Unlike large city parks, which are usually far away from many communities, pocket parks are just a few minutes’ walk from people’s homes. They are designed to meet the daily needs of nearby residents. In these small parks, you can see green trees, colorful flowers, comfortable benches, fitness equipment and even children’s playgrounds. For many people, especially the elderly and children, pocket parks have become their first choice for outdoor activities. In Suqian, more than 50 pocket parks have been built in the past two years. “I used to have to walk 20 minutes to the nearest big park,” says Aunt Li, a 65-year-old resident of Suqian. “Now there is a pocket park right outside my building. Every morning, I do exercise with my friends here, and in the afternoon, I take my grandson to play here. It’s really convenient!” Besides providing a place for relaxation, pocket parks also play an important role in improving the city’s environment. They can reduce the heat island effect by adding more green plants, clean the air and provide a home for small animals and birds. What’s more, turning idle land into green parks also helps to make the city more tidy and beautiful. “Pocket parks are not just about greening the city,” says an expert. “They are about building a warm and livable city for everyone. Every small corner of the city can be a beautiful place for people to enjoy life.” 1．What is a pocket park according to the passage? A．A large park with a lot of facilities. B．A small park built in the unused city corners. C．A park built for children to play. D．A park located in the countryside. 2．What is the main advantage of pocket parks compared with large city parks? A．They are much bigger. B．They have more kinds of plants. C．They are closer to people’s homes. D．They are more beautiful. 3．What does the example of Aunt Li in Paragraph 3 show? A．Pocket parks bring convenience to local residents. B．Old people like to do exercise in the park. C．Suqian has built many pocket parks. D．There are no big parks in Suqian. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of pocket parks in China. B．The ways to build pocket parks. C．The advantages and importance of pocket parks. D．The difference between pocket parks and large parks. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以宿迁口袋公园为例，介绍了口袋公园的概况、便民优势及生态价值，展现了其对城市宜居建设的重要作用。 1．第一段提到口袋公园的位置：“These small parks are usually built in unused corners of the city”，说明这类公园是建在城市闲置角落的小型公园。 2．第二段首句提到对比：“Unlike large city parks, which are usually far away from many communities, pocket parks are just a few minutes’ walk from people’s homes”，说明与远离社区的大型城市公园不同，口袋公园距离居民家仅需步行几分钟，这是其核心优势。 3．第三段提到李阿姨的例子，通过对比口袋公园建成前后的生活变化，结尾直接点明 “It’s really convenient!”，所以举例的核心是为了论证口袋公园给当地居民的生活带来了极大便利。 4．全文围绕口袋公园展开，先后介绍了其便民属性、居民生活价值、城市生态价值与宜居城市建设意义，核心是阐述口袋公园的多重优势与重要性。 If you’ve ever picked up plastic while cleaning a beach, you may have held more than waste in your hands. A new study shows microplastics—small plastic pieces under 5 mm—are quickly covered by harmful bacteria (细菌). This turns small plastic pieces, wrappers and bottles on the beach into vehicles (载体) for carrying diseases. Microplastics now cover every part of the earth. They are in plastic products and in the air we breathe. More than 125 trillion (万亿) pieces float in the ocean, and more are found in rivers, soils, animals, and even the human body. But scientists say that the danger is not just the plastic itself: it’s the Plastisphere (塑料表层菌群)—the thin layer of bacteria that grow on each small piece. ________ A team led by Dr. Emily Stevenson from Plymouth Marine Laboratory & University of Exeter published a new study. They found microplastics in real natural environments—from hospital wastewater to coastal waters—carry bacteria during their whole journey. To prove their idea, they carried out an experiment and tested five materials: bio-beads, nurdles, polystyrene, wood, and glass. They put them along a river running from highly polluted areas to the sea. After two months, tests showed: All plastics, in all places, had pathogens (病原体) and drug-resistant (耐药的) bacteria. Each microplastic can work as a small, moving dish for growing germs (细菌). It carried super-bacteria from hospital wastewater to beaches, swimming areas and shellfish-growing sites. “This study shows the risk of disease and drug-resistant germs from microplastics in our oceans and coasts,” said Dr. Stevenson. “We strongly advise volunteers to wear gloves during beach cleanups and wash hands later.” As microplastics continue to increase around the world, researchers warn that the Plastisphere could make the spread of super-bacteria worse. The study calls for better waste management, less plastic waste and unified plans across wastewater, healthcare, and ocean protection. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By offering advice. B．By presenting study results. C．By expressing opinions. D．By giving background information. 2．Which sentence can be put in the blank ________ in Paragraph 3? A．How can we deal with plastic waste? B．Why are bacteria difficult to study? C．What makes microplastics more dangerous? D．When do we do beach cleanups? 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Plastics easily carry harmful and drug-resistant bacteria. B．Wood and glass are safer than other materials in water. C．Hospitals are the main cause of plastic pollution in rivers. D．More experiments should be done in natural environments. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Sea pollution: Serious problem B．Microplastics: Hidden disease carriers C．Beach cleanup: Safe and helpful work D．New Study: Stop Wastewater Pollution 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍微塑料易附着有害细菌，成为疾病传播载体，带来健康风险并发出警示。 1．第一段指出研究发现：“A new study shows microplastics...are quickly covered by harmful bacteria.”，说明作者通过呈现研究结果引入话题。 2．第二段结尾点明，微塑料的危险不止来自塑料本身，还来自塑料表面的菌群，第三段后文引出新研究对该危险的验证。空处应承接上文危险来源并引出新研究，“What makes microplastics more dangerous”衔接最合理。 3．第四段核心介绍实验结论：所有位置的塑料都携带病原体和耐药细菌，微塑料还会运输超级细菌。因此主旨是“塑料容易携带有害和耐药细菌”。 4．全文围绕“微塑料会成为有害病菌、超级细菌的载体，传播疾病”这一核心展开，点明了微塑料隐藏的致病危害，“微塑料：隐藏的疾病载体”是最贴合的标题。 Whether it’s about politics, health or society, the online world is full of misinformation (错误信息), and it can have a serious influence on how people see the world. The problem has become worse with new AI tools easily creating lifelike images, videos and text that can be used to share fake (假的) information. And there are plenty of smart people who fall for fake news — so what exactly is going on? One of the reasons is “confirmation bias (确认偏见)”, which refers to how we usually believe things that confirm a belief we already have. Similar to this is a “familiarity bias (熟悉偏见)”, which is how we are also more likely to believe something if we see or hear it a lot. There is also “availability bias (可得性偏见)” — we tend to believe things that are easy to remember. A lot of misinformation is sensational (耸人听闻的) and shocking, so our brains remember it more easily. The way social media works has made it perfect for spreading misinformation too. Research has found that posts (帖子) that cause a lot of strong negative (负面的) feelings, like fear or anger, get much more attention than neutral (中立的) or positive posts. Algorithms (算法) reward people’s likes, comments and shares. So getting a lot of likes, comments and shares will often mean a post gets shown to more people — whether or not it has true information. This can mean misinformation gets spread and repeated very quickly. This also means that even if you comment on a post to challenge or fact-check it, you may end up helping bring the misinformation to more people. So what can you do to protect yourself and your community from misinformation? Take time to check if the information is true before you share it, especially if it seems really shocking. Ask yourself if the person or organization that posted it has any biases or if they are really an expert on the topic. Then look for the same facts on other trusted websites. And if you still have doubts—don’t like, comment or share! 1．What does the underlined part “fall for” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Understand. B．Forget. C．Discover. D．Believe. 2．How does the writer show what kind of posts get more attention in Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 3．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Shocking news is always worth sharing. B．Algorithms help spread true information. C．We should check a post before sharing it. D．We should comment to correct fake news. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．AI and Social Media Problems B．Why People Believe Fake News C．How to Check Information Online D．How AI Creates Fake News Online 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网络错误信息的传播现状、成因（包括认知偏见、社交媒体特性和算法影响），并给出了防范错误信息的具体建议。 1．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“there are plenty of smart people who fall for fake news”，结合上下文“fake news”（假新闻）的语境，“fall for”表示“轻信、相信（Believe）”。 2．第四段可得出结论，作者通过举例说明“posts that cause a lot of strong negative feelings, like fear or anger, get much more attention than neutral or positive posts”，即通过举例展示哪种帖子更易获得关注。 3．最后一段可得出结论，原文提到“Take time to check if the information is true before you share it”，说明作者认同在分享帖子前应先核查信息真实性。 4．全文围绕“人们为何会相信假新闻”展开，分析了认知偏见、社交媒体特性和算法等核心原因，最后给出防范建议，因此最佳标题为Why People Believe Fake News。 A new study shows that humans may not be fit for life in busy cities. Scientists say the study tells us how important nature is for people’s health and happiness. Our bodies are still used to the life of our early ancestors (祖先). In ancient times, early humans lived in natural settings, like forests, coasts, and mountains. To make a living, they had to take physical activities every day, such as hunting animals and collecting plants for food. They also walked a long way to find resources. The bodies and brains of early humans developed well for this kind of life. And this helped them stay safe from danger. For example, when they met a dangerous animal like a lion,their brains would send a warning quickly. Then their bodies could run fast to get away. The situation changed greatly in the late 1700s. The Industrial Revolution (革命) started,and machines began to do much work that people did before. Later, cars, trains and factories appeared. Many natural areas were destroyed (毁坏 ) to build houses and shops.Green space became less and less. The study says that human society developed much faster than our bodies. This made a mismatch between us and the modern environment. In the 21st century, we sit for long hours every day. Our stress usually comes from work, study or heavy traffic, not from wild animals. But our bodies and brains still send warnings all the time, just“like facing lions again and again”, said Daniel Longman, one of the study’s writers. This is bad for our immune (免疫) system and general health. To solve the problem, the scientists advise cities to have more green space. They also say people should spend more time in nature. This can help us keep healthy and strong in modern life. 1．What did early humans do to make a living in ancient times? A．They built houses and villages to live in. B．They invented and used tools to work. C．They hunted animals and gathered plants. D．They ran fast to send warnings to others. 2．When did the situation of human life change greatly according to the passage? A．In ancient times. B．In the late 1700s. C．In modern times. D．In the 21st century. 3．Why was there a mismatch between humans and the environment in modern times? A．Because there were fewer wild animals in the forests. B．Because society developed faster than human bodies. C．Because people were under pressure from their families. D．Because people did a lot of physical activities every day. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Are There Ways to Reduce Stress? B．What Is the Industrial Revolution? C．Why Aren’t Humans Fit for City Life? D．How Can We Keep Healthy and Strong? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类身体仍适应远古生活方式，而现代社会快速发展导致了身心与环境的不匹配，从而引发健康问题，并建议增加绿色空间、多接触自然。 1．第二段指出谋生方式：“To make a living, they had to take physical activities every day, such as hunting animals and collecting plants for food.”，说明远古人类通过狩猎动物和采集植物来谋生。 2．第三段指出发生变化时间：“The situation changed greatly in the late 1700s.”，说明这一变化发生在18世纪末期。 3．第四段指出不匹配的原因：“human society developed much faster than our bodies. This made a mismatch between us and the modern environment.”，说明社会发展的速度远快于人类身体进化的速度，导致了不匹配。 4．通读全文可知主旨：文章第一段提出“humans may not be fit for life in busy cities”，随后分析原因并给出建议，因此最佳标题是“为什么人类不适合城市生活？” Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort (分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point. Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles (角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system. The idea of the smart bin was born 3 years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution. “All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.” The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online. “Our bin is now in its third generation (代). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city,” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.” 1．The main purpose of the smart rubbish bin invented by the students is ________. A．to reduce the cost of waste collection B．to help people sort waste correctly using AI C．to collect more waste from the public D．to replace all human workers in waste management 2．The students train the AI system for the bin by ________. A．writing a computer program B．reading books about waste sorting C．asking villagers for advice D．taking hundreds of pictures 3．Why were the students inspired to invent the smart bin? A．Because of the problem of too much rubbish. B．Because of their school project requirement. C．Because of a competition they wanted to win. D．Because of their teacher’s suggestion. 4．From the passage, we know that ________. A．the bin is now in its fourth generation B．the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at home C．people will recycle and protect the environment more easily D．the bin can’t be widely used in the city 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了四名香港高中生为了解决垃圾分类难题，利用AI技术发明了一款名为“Waste Collection Point”的智能垃圾桶。文章讲述了该垃圾桶的工作原理、训练AI的方法、发明灵感来源于疫情期间村庄垃圾堆积的现状，以及学生们为研发该设备付出的努力和未来的愿景。 1．根据第一段中“To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort the waste.”可知，该垃圾桶的主要目的是帮助人们利用AI正确分类垃圾。 2．根据第二段中“To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles... the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one.”可知，学生们通过拍摄数百张照片来训练AI系统。 3．根据第三段和第四段内容，学生们看到因为疫情人们涌入村庄留下了大量垃圾，“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain”，这促使他们发明了智能垃圾桶。因此，灵感来自垃圾过多的问题。 4．根据最后一段中“Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.”可知，学生们希望这款垃圾桶能让人们更轻松地回收垃圾和保护环境。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $