内容正文:
编写说明:【2027版】山东省(春季高考)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是【2027版】山东省(春季高考)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时,对应基础模块1中Unit1、Unit5、Unit7的单元语法。
【2027版】山东省(春季高考)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题1 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时(Unit1、Unit5、Unit7)
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 一般现在时
即时训练
考点2 现在进行时
即时训练
考点3 现在完成时
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
【复习目标】
在知识层面,重点掌握一般现在时第三人称单数的变化规则及其在时间和条件状语从句中表将来的特殊用法,现在进行时中现在分词的变化规则及其表示计划性将来的用法,现在完成时中不规则动词的过去分词形式以及"已完成"与"未完成"两种核心语义。
在能力层面,学生应能在单项选择、完形填空及书面表达等不同题型中,依据语境和标志词快速、准确地判断和运用这三种时态,。
在应试层面,结合山东省春季高考英语的命题规律,学生应熟悉三种时态的常见设题角度与干扰项设置方式,总结 since 与现在完成时搭配、条件句中一般现在时表将来、短暂性动词在现在完成时中的转换等高频考点,为后续语法综合复习和高考冲刺夯实基础。
【考点1 一般现在时】
1、 一般现在时的结构
分类
具体类型
结构
例句
含有be动词(表示存在的状态)
肯定句
主语 + _______ + …
I _______ a student.(我是一名学生。)
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + _______ + …
She is _______ late for class.(她上课不迟到。)
一般疑问句
_______ + 主语 + … ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + _______ .
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + _______ .
——_______ you from Shandong?(你来自山东吗?)
——Yes, I am. / No, I am not.(是的,我是。/ 不,我不是。)
含有实义动词(表示经常发生的动作/习惯性动作)
肯定句
主语 + 动词(原形/三单形式) + …
He _______ to school every day.(他每天去上学。)
否定句
主语 + _______ + 动词原形 + …
We _______ watch TV on school nights.(我们上学日晚上不看电视。)
一般疑问句
_______ + 主语 + 动词原形 + … ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/does.
否定回答:No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t.
——_______ they have a meeting every week?(他们每周开一次会吗?)
——Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.(是的,他们开。/ 不,他们不开。)
2、 一般现在时的标志词
类别
标志词
例句
every系列
every _______(每天)、every _______(每周)、every month
We have an exam every _______.(我们每个月有一次考试。)
频度副词系列
_______、usually、often、_______、seldom、hardly、never(频率从高到低)
She often _______ English in the morning.(她经常在早上读英语。)
其他
as usual、once a _______
He goes to the gym once a _______.(他每周去一次健身房。)
3、 动词第三人称单数变化规则
规则
例句
一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s
play → plays
work → _______
live → _______
以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的动词,在后面加-es
watch → watches
teach → _______
wash → _______
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es
study → studies
carry → _______
try → _______
特殊变化单独记
have → _______
be → _______
四、主语视为第三人称单数的情况
情况
例句
人称代词he、she、it
She _______ in a factory.(她在一家工厂工作。)
It _______ cold today.(今天天气冷。)
单个人名、地名或称呼
Li Ming _______ English well.(李明英语说得很好。)
Qingdao _______ a beautiful city.(青岛是一座美丽的城市。)
可数名词单数
A book _______ on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
The pen _______ red.(这支钢笔是红色的。)
其他(不定代词、指示代词等)
Everyone _______ here.(每个人都在这里。)
That _______ a good idea.(那是一个好主意。)
五、一般现在时的用法
用法
例句
表示现状、性质、状态和经常发生的动作、习惯性动作
They _______ to school on foot every day.(他们每天步行去上学。)
He always _______ coffee after breakfast.(他早餐后总是喝咖啡。)
表示目前的特征、性格、个性和能力等
She _______ three languages.(她会说三种语言。)
He _______ swim very well.(他游泳游得很好。)
表示永恒的真理、定理、定律和客观事实
The earth _______ around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)
Water _______ at 100℃.(水在100摄氏度时沸腾。)
主将从现(时间/条件状语从句中)
I will call you when he _______.(他到的时候我会给你打电话。)
If it rains tomorrow, we _______ stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
【即时训练】
1.Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much.
A.visits B.was visiting C.will visit D.has visited
2.Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes.
A.had B.will have C.have D.would have
3.A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year.
A.travel B.traveled C.will travel D.have traveled
4.Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
5.—Tina wants to know if you ________ to the park with us tomorrow.
—I’d love to. But if it ________, I may go to the library instead.
A.go; will rain B.go; rains C.will go; rains D.will go; will rain
6.Xia Sen ________ a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A.lives B.lived C.was living D.will live
7.—If Kate _________ back, tell her to come to my office, please. —OK, I ________.
A.comes; will B.comes; do C.will come; will D.will come; do
【考点2 现在进行时】
一、现在进行时的结构
分类
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + _______/_______/_______ + 动词_______ + …
He _______ _______ English now.(他现在正在学英语。)
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + _______ + 动词-ing + …
She is _______ _______ TV.(她现在没在看电视。)
一般疑问句
_______/_______/_______ + 主语 + 动词-ing + … ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
——_______ you _______ your homework now?(你现在正在做作业吗?)
——Yes, I am. / No, I am not.(是的,我在做。/ 不,我没在做。)
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + _______/_______/_______ + 主语 + 动词-ing + … ?
What _______ they _______ now?(他们现在正在做什么?)
二、动词-ing的变化规则
规则
例句
一般情况下,动词后面直接加-ing
play → playing
work → _______
read → ______
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing
live → living
take → _______
write → _______
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母再加-ing
run → running
swim → _______
sit → _______
以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加-ing
die → dying
lie → _______
tie → _______
三、现在进行时的标志词
标志词
例句
now、at the _______(现在)、right now
They are playing basketball at the _______.(他们现在正在操场上打篮球。)
look、listen(句首,提示正在发生)
_______! She is singing.(看!她正在唱歌。)
Listen! Someone is _______.(听!有人正在敲门。)
四、现在进行时的用法
用法
例句
表示说话此时此刻正在进行的动作
He _______ TV now.(他现在正在看电视。)
Look! They _______ basketball on the playground.(看!他们正在操场上打篮球。)
表示现阶段正在进行但说话时不一定正在进行的动作
We _______ English grammar these days.(这些天我们正在学习英语语法。)
She _______ a painting course this term.(这学期她正在上绘画课。)
表示近期计划、安排好的将要发生的动作(表将来含义,常接将来时间状语)
My parents _______ to London tomorrow.(我父母明天要乘飞机去伦敦。)
They _______ a party this weekend.(他们这周末要举办一场派对。)
与always等频率副词连用,表达说话人的厌恶、赞赏、不满等感情色彩
He _______ always _______ his keys.(他总是忘带钥匙。表不满)
She _______ always _______ others.(她总是帮助别人。表赞赏)
【即时训练】
1.—Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. I ________ a football match.
—OK. I’ll ring you up later.
A.watch B.watched C.am watching D.was watching
2.—Look out of the window! It ________ now.
—Yes. It often ________ here in winter. But I like ________ days, because I like make snowmen with friends.
A.snows; is snowing; snowy B.snow; is snowing; snow’s
C.is snowing; snows; snow D.is snowing; snows; snowy
3.—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking.
—Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m.
A.will leave; will arrive B.leaves; was arriving
C.is leaving; was arriving D.is leaving; arrives
4.—The robots ________ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing
5.Susie often ________ computer games after dinner but now she ________ a book.
A.plays; is reading B.is playing; reads C.plays; read D.is playing; is reading
6.—Where is Helen?
—I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson.
A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have
7.— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me?
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A.make B.have made C.am making D.was making
【考点3 现在完成时】
一、现在完成时的结构
分类
具体类型
结构
例句
含实义动词
肯定句
主语 + ________/________ + 过去分词 + …
I ________ finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。)
He ________ lived here for 10 years.(他在这里住了10年。)
否定句
主语 + have/has + ________ + 过去分词 + …
We ________ not seen each other for a long time.(我们很久没见了。)
She ________ never been to Beijing.(她从没去过北京。)
一般疑问句
________/________ + 主语 + 过去分词 + …?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + ________/________.
否定回答:No, 主语 + have/has + ________.
——________ you read this book?(你读过这本书吗?)
——Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.(是的,我读过。/ 不,我没读过。)
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + ________/________ + 主语 + 过去分词 + …?
What ________ he ________ for breakfast?(他早餐吃了什么?)
二、现在完成时的标志词
类别
标志词
例句
完成类
already(肯定句)
yet(否定/疑问)
just
before
I have ________ eaten lunch.(我已经吃了午饭。)
Have you finished your work ________?(你做完工作了吗?)
频次/体验类
________(曾经)
________(从未)
once, twice, three times
I have ________ been to Shanghai.(我从没去过上海。)
Have you ________ ridden a horse?(你骑过马吗?)
持续/截止类
for+________
since+________/一般过去时从句
so far, up to now
He has studied English ________ 5 years.(他学英语5年了。)
We have lived here ________ 2018.(我们从2018年就住在这里了。)
时间段类
in the past few years, over the years, recently
They have made great progress ________ the past few years.(过去几年他们取得了很大进步。)
三、动词过去分词的变化规则
规则
例句
一般情况,直接加-ed
work → ________
play → ________
look → ________
以e结尾,直接加-d
live → ________
love → ________
dance → ________
辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-ed
study → ________
carry → ________
try → ________
重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音加-ed
stop → ________
plan → ________
shop → ________
不规则变化(单独熟记)
be→been
do→done
go→gone
(动词过去式与过去分词不规则变化表)
AAA变形
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
1
cost
________
________
花费
2
cut
________
________
割,切
3
hurt
________
________
受伤
4
hit
________
________
打,撞
5
let
________
________
让
6
put
________
________
放下
7
read
________
________
读
8
set
________
________
安排,安置
9
spread
________
________
展开,传播,涂
10
shut
________
________
关上,停止营业
AAB变形
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
11
beat
________
________
打败
ABA变形
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
12
become
________
________
变成,成为
13
come
________
________
来
14
run
________
________
跑
15
overcome
________
________
克服;战胜;征服
ABB变形
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
16
burn
________
________
燃烧
17
bless
________
________
保佑,祝福
18
deal
________
________
解决;处理;分配
19
keep
________
________
保持,保存
20
dream
________
________
梦想;做梦
21
hear
________
________
听见,听说
22
hang
________
________
绞死;悬挂
23
learn
________
________
学习
24
lie
________
________
说谎
25
mean
________
________
意思,意味
26
sleep
________
________
睡觉
27
show
________
________
展示
28
smell
________
________
闻, 嗅
29
spell
________
________
拼写
30
sweep
________
________
扫地
31
swing
________
________
摆动
32
wake
________
________
醒来;叫醒;激发
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
33
build
________
________
建造,修建
34
lend
________
________
借给
35
rebuild
________
________
改建, 重建
36
send
________
________
送
37
spend
________
________
花费
(3)原形→ought →ought
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
38
bring
________
________
带来
39
buy
________
________
买
40
fight
________
________
打架,战斗
41
think
________
________
思考,想
42
seek
________
________
寻找;追求;搜索
(4)原形→aught →aught
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
43
catch
________
________
捉,抓
44
teach
________
________
教,教授
(5)变其中一个元音字母
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
45
bleed
________
________
流血
46
dig
________
________
挖掘,钻研.
47
feed
________
________
喂养,饲养
48
find
________
________
发现,找到
49
hold
________
________
拥有,握住
50
lead
________
________
引导,领导
51
meet
________
________
遇见
52
sit
________
________
坐
53
shine
________
________
使照耀,使发光
54
shoot
________
________
射击
55
spit
________
________
吐痰
56
stick
________
________
刺入,粘住
57
slide
________
________
滑动
58
swing
________
________
摆动
59
win
________
________
赢,获胜
(6)原形→-lt/ pt/ ft→-lt/ pt/ ft
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
60
feel
________
________
感到
61
leave
________
________
离开
(7)其它
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
62
lay
________
________
下蛋, 放置
63
pay
________
________
付款
64
say
________
________
说,讲
65
stand
________
________
站
66
understand
________
________
明白
67
lose
________
________
失去
68
have
________
________
有,持有
69
make
________
________
制造,构成
70
sell
________
________
卖
71
tell
________
________
告诉
72
retell
________
________
重复,复述
73
wind
________
________
缠绕,迂回
ABC变形
(1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
74
blow
________
________
吹风,喘气,叫
75
drive
________
________
驾驶
76
draw
________
________
画,绘制,拖拽
77
eat
________
________
吃
78
fall
________
________
落下,跌倒
79
give
________
________
给,提供,授予
80
grow
________
________
生长,种植
81
forgive
________
________
原谅,饶恕
82
know
________
________
知道
83
mistake
________
________
弄错, 误解,
84
prove
________
________
证明,试验
85
take
________
________
拿,获得,承担
86
throw
________
________
抛,扔,掷
87
ride
________
________
骑,乘车
88
see
________
________
看见,领会
89
show
________
________
出示,说明
90
shake
________
________
摇动,震动
91
shrink
________
________
(使)缩小
92
write
________
________
写
93
rise
________
________
升起
(2)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
94
bite
________
________
咬;叮,蛰
95
break
________
________
打破,打碎
96
choose
________
________
选择
97
get
________
________
得到
98
hide
________
________
隐藏
99
forget
________
________
忘记
100
freeze
________
________
冷冻,结冰
101
speak
________
________
说话,谈话
102
saw
________
________
锯,凿开
103
steal
________
________
偷窃,窃取.
(3)重读音节中的元音字母[i→a →u]
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
104
begin
________
________
开始
105
drink
________
________
喝
106
sing
________
________
唱
107
sink
________
________
下沉,沉没
108
swim
________
________
游泳
109
ring
________
________
包围,环绕
(4)其它
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
110
be(am, is, are)
________
________
是
111
bear
________
________
负担, 忍受
112
do
________
________
做
113
fly
________
________
飞行
114
go
________
________
去
115
lie
________
________
躺,位于
116
wear
________
________
穿
117
tear
________
________
流泪;撕破;飞奔
四、现在完成时难点补充
难点1:延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
· 定义:非延续性动词(瞬间动词)表示动作瞬间完成,不能与for/since等表示持续的时间状语连用;需转换为对应的延续性动词/短语,才能搭配持续时间。
· 常见转换表
buy →________
borrow →________
lend →________
open →________
close →________
start/begin →________
finish/end →________
die →________
leave →________
come/arrive →________
join →________
marry →________
· 例句:He has bought the book for 2 years.(×)→ He has had the book for 2 years.(√)
难点2:含ever/never的现在完成时用法
· 均置于have/has与过去分词之间;
· ever用于一般疑问句,表“曾经”;never用于肯定句,表“从未”,相当于否定句;
· 例句:Have you ever swum in the sea?(你曾经在海里游过泳吗?)/ She has never been late for work.(她上班从未迟到。)
难点3:含since/for的现在完成时用法辨析
单词
后接内容
例句
for
时间段(表动作持续的时长)
for 3 days, for a month, for many years
since
①时间点;②一般过去时的从句
since 2020, since last week; since he came here
· 转换:for+时间段 = since+时间段+ago → for 5 years = since 5 years ago
· 考点:对for/since部分提问,用How long。
难点4:have been to / have been in / have gone to 用法区别
短语
核心含义
使用场景
例句
have been to
去过某地(现在已返回)
表过去的体验,可与ever/never/once等连用
I ________________ Paris twice.(我去过巴黎两次。)
have been in
待在某地(从过去持续到现在)
后接时间段,表持续的状态
He ________________ Beijing for 3 years.(他在北京待了3年。)
have gone to
去了某地(现在还未返回,人在途中/当地)
主语为第三人称,表当前的位置状态
My mother ________________ the supermarket.(我妈妈去超市了。)
五、现在完成时的用法
用法
例句
过去动作对现在造成的影响/结果(常配already/yet/just)
I ________ my key. I can’t open the door.(我丢了钥匙,打不开门了。)
She has ________ finished her homework.(她刚做完作业。)
过去开始的动作持续到现在(常配for/since,用延续性动词)
They ________ (live) in this city since 2015.(他们从2015年就住在这座城市。)
We ________ (know) each other for 8 years.(我们认识8年了。)
过去发生的动作到现在已多次发生(常配once/twice/次数)
He has ________ (visit) the museum three times.(他已经参观这个博物馆三次了。)
在条件/时间状语从句中,代替将来完成时,表将来某时已完成的动作
I will go out for a walk when I ________ (finish) my homework.(我做完作业就出去散步。)
【即时训练】
1.Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year.
A.are coming B.have come C.came D.will come
2.The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far.
A.have seen B.am going to see C.saw D.see
3.The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years.
A.has started B.has been in C.has stopped D.has been out of
4.Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there.
A.was back B.came back C.has come back D.has been back
5.Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library.
A.goes to B.has gone to C.will go to D.was going to
6.Neither Millie nor Shirley ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to
7.— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it?
— Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening.
A.already; just B.ever; yet C.just; already D.yet; ever
一、英语知识运用
1. (2024年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第4题)Once he ________ a job he won't stop until it's finished.
A. starts B. started C. is started D. will start
2. (2023年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第3题)—I ________ to the new museum last Sunday.
—Good. I ________ it three times.
A. will go; visit B. went; have visited C. went; was visiting D. has gone; will visit
3. (2022年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第5题)—Li Ming, could you come and help me in the garden, please?
—Sorry, mom. I ________ Lucy with her Chinese now.
A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped
二、短文填空
1.(2023年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第49题)I am ________ (learn) railway transportation.
2.
(2023年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第51题)…She continued, “China’s trains ________ (be) so fast and advanced, I hope I can learn more to teach my students, and then we can have better railways and train than before.”
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编写说明:【2027版】山东省(春季高考)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是【2027版】山东省(春季高考)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时,对应基础模块1中Unit1、Unit5、Unit7的单元语法。
【2027版】山东省(春季高考)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题1 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时(Unit1、Unit5、Unit7)
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 一般现在时
即时训练
考点2 现在进行时
即时训练
考点3 现在完成时
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
【复习目标】
在知识层面,重点掌握一般现在时第三人称单数的变化规则及其在时间和条件状语从句中表将来的特殊用法,现在进行时中现在分词的变化规则及其表示计划性将来的用法,现在完成时中不规则动词的过去分词形式以及"已完成"与"未完成"两种核心语义。
在能力层面,学生应能在单项选择、完形填空及书面表达等不同题型中,依据语境和标志词快速、准确地判断和运用这三种时态,。
在应试层面,结合山东省春季高考英语的命题规律,学生应熟悉三种时态的常见设题角度与干扰项设置方式,总结 since 与现在完成时搭配、条件句中一般现在时表将来、短暂性动词在现在完成时中的转换等高频考点,为后续语法综合复习和高考冲刺夯实基础。
【考点1 一般现在时】
1、 一般现在时的结构
分类
具体类型
结构
例句
含有be动词(表示存在的状态)
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + …
I am a student.(我是一名学生。)
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + …
She is not late for class.(她上课不迟到。)
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + … ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are .
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not .
——Are you from Shandong?(你来自山东吗?)
——Yes, I am. / No, I am not.(是的,我是。/ 不,我不是。)
含有实义动词(表示经常发生的动作/习惯性动作)
肯定句
主语 + 动词(原形/三单形式) + …
He goes to school every day.(他每天去上学。)
否定句
主语 +don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + …
We don’t watch TV on school nights.(我们上学日晚上不看电视。)
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + … ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/does.
否定回答:No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t.
——Do they have a meeting every week?(他们每周开一次会吗?)
——Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.(是的,他们开。/ 不,他们不开。)
2、 一般现在时的标志词
类别
标志词
例句
every系列
every day(每天)、everyweek(每周)、every month
We have an exam every month.(我们每个月有一次考试。)
频度副词系列
always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never(频率从高到低)
She often reads English in the morning.(她经常在早上读英语。)
其他
as usual、once a week
He goes to the gym once a week.(他每周去一次健身房。)
3、 动词第三人称单数变化规则
规则
例句
一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s
play → plays
work → works
live → lives
以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的动词,在后面加-es
watch → watches
teach → teaches
wash → washes
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es
study → studies
carry → carries
try → tries
特殊变化单独记
have →has
be → is
四、主语视为第三人称单数的情况
情况
例句
人称代词he、she、it
She works in a factory.(她在一家工厂工作。)
It is cold today.(今天天气冷。)
单个人名、地名或称呼
Li Ming speaks English well.(李明英语说得很好。)
Qingdao is a beautiful city.(青岛是一座美丽的城市。)
可数名词单数
A book is on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
The pen is red.(这支钢笔是红色的。)
其他(不定代词、指示代词等)
Everyone is here.(每个人都在这里。)
That is a good idea.(那是一个好主意。)
五、一般现在时的用法
用法
例句
表示现状、性质、状态和经常发生的动作、习惯性动作
They go to school on foot every day.(他们每天步行去上学。)
He always drinks coffee after breakfast.(他早餐后总是喝咖啡。)
表示目前的特征、性格、个性和能力等
She speaks three languages.(她会说三种语言。)
He can swim very well.(他游泳游得很好。)
表示永恒的真理、定理、定律和客观事实
The earth goes around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)
Water boils at 100℃.(水在100摄氏度时沸腾。)
主将从现(时间/条件状语从句中)
I will call you when he arrives.(他到的时候我会给你打电话。)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
【即时训练】
1.Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much.
A.visits B.was visiting C.will visit D.has visited
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般现在时。句意:查理每个周末都去看望他的祖父母,他非常爱他们。时间状语every weekend表示经常性、习惯性的动作,主语Charlie是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
2.Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes.
A.had B.will have C.have D.would have
【答案】C
【详解】考查一般现在时。句意:现在中小学生课间有15分钟的休息时间。句中now表示现阶段的常态情况,主语the students是复数,谓语动词用原形。故选C。
3.A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year.
A.travel B.traveled C.will travel D.have traveled
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般现在时。句意:中国每年有很多人乘坐高铁出行。时间状语every year表示经常性动作,主语a lot of people是复数,谓语动词用原形。故选A。
4.Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【答案】A
【详解】考查there be句型主谓一致。句意:看!桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。there be句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的a notebook是单数,且句子为一般现在时,be动词用is。故选A。
5.—Tina wants to know if you ________ to the park with us tomorrow.
—I’d love to. But if it ________, I may go to the library instead.
A.go; will rain B.go; rains C.will go; rains D.will go; will rain
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态辨析。句意:——蒂娜想知道你明天是否和我们一起去公园。——我想去,但是如果下雨,我可能就去图书馆了。第一空if引导宾语从句,tomorrow表将来,用will go;第二空if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,主语it是第三人称单数,动词用rains。故选C。
6.Xia Sen ________ a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A.lives B.lived C.was living D.will live
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般现在时。句意:夏森过着简朴的生活,攒钱用于捐赠。and连接并列谓语,saves是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,主语Xia Sen为第三人称单数,谓语动词用lives。故选A。
7.—If Kate _________ back, tell her to come to my office, please. —OK, I ________.
A.comes; will B.comes; do C.will come; will D.will come; do
【答案】A
【详解】考查条件状语从句时态。句意:——如果凯特回来,请让她来我办公室。——好的,我会的。if引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时表将来,Kate是第三人称单数,动词用comes;答句表示将要执行动作,用will。故选A。
【考点2 现在进行时】
一、现在进行时的结构
分类
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + …
He is learning English now.(他现在正在学英语。)
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + …
She is not watching TV.(她现在没在看电视。)
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + … ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
——Are you doing your homework now?(你现在正在做作业吗?)
——Yes, I am. / No, I am not.(是的,我在做。/ 不,我没在做。)
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词-ing + … ?
What are they doing now?(他们现在正在做什么?)
二、动词-ing的变化规则
规则
例句
一般情况下,动词后面直接加-ing
play → playing
work → working
read → reading
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing
live → living
take → taking
write → writing
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母再加-ing
run → running
swim → swimming
sit → sitting
以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加-ing
die → dying
lie → lying
tie → tying
三、现在进行时的标志词
标志词
例句
now、at the moment(现在)、right now
They are playing basketball at the moment.(他们现在正在操场上打篮球。)
look、listen(句首,提示正在发生)
Look! She is singing.(看!她正在唱歌。)
Listen! Someone is knocking.(听!有人正在敲门。)
四、现在进行时的用法
用法
例句
表示说话此时此刻正在进行的动作
He is watching TV now.(他现在正在看电视。)
Look! They are playing basketball on the playground.(看!他们正在操场上打篮球。)
表示现阶段正在进行但说话时不一定正在进行的动作
We are learning English grammar these days.(这些天我们正在学习英语语法。)
She is taking a painting course this term.(这学期她正在上绘画课。)
表示近期计划、安排好的将要发生的动作(表将来含义,常接将来时间状语)
My parents are flying to London tomorrow.(我父母明天要乘飞机去伦敦。)
They are having a party this weekend.(他们这周末要举办一场派对。)
与always等频率副词连用,表达说话人的厌恶、赞赏、不满等感情色彩
He is always forgetting his keys.(他总是忘带钥匙。表不满)
She is always helping others.(她总是帮助别人。表赞赏)
【即时训练】
1.—Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. I ________ a football match.
—OK. I’ll ring you up later.
A.watch B.watched C.am watching D.was watching
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:——抱歉,我听不清你说话,我正在看足球比赛。——好的,我稍后再打给你。根据语境表示此刻正在进行的动作,用现在进行时am watching。故选C。
2.—Look out of the window! It ________ now.
—Yes. It often ________ here in winter. But I like ________ days, because I like make snowmen with friends.
A.snows; is snowing; snowy B.snow; is snowing; snow’s
C.is snowing; snows; snow D.is snowing; snows; snowy
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态与形容词用法。句意:——看窗外!现在在下雪。——是的,这里冬天经常下雪。我喜欢下雪天,因为我喜欢和朋友堆雪人。第一空now表正在进行,用is snowing;第二空often表经常性动作,用snows;第三空修饰名词days用形容词snowy。故选D。
3.—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking.
—Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m.
A.will leave; will arrive B.leaves; was arriving
C.is leaving; was arriving D.is leaving; arrives
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态用法。句意:——你好,是吉姆吗?我是彼得。——抱歉,吉姆正要去车站接他父亲,他的火车下午两点半到。第一空用现在进行时表将来;第二空火车时刻表用一般现在时。故选D。
4.—The robots ________ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing
【答案】D
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:——机器人们正互相竞赛冲向终点线。——太精彩了!我们的机器人要赢了。根据语境表示正在进行的动作,用现在进行时are racing。故选D。
5.Susie often ________ computer games after dinner but now she ________ a book.
A.plays; is reading B.is playing; reads C.plays; read D.is playing; is reading
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态辨析。句意:苏西经常晚饭后玩电脑游戏,但现在她正在看书。often表经常性动作,用一般现在时plays;now表正在进行的动作,用is reading。故选A。
6.—Where is Helen?
—I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson.
A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:——海伦在哪里?——我不确定,或许她正在上棒球课。根据语境表示此刻正在进行的动作,用现在进行时is having。故选C。
7.— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me?
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A.make B.have made C.am making D.was making
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:——吉姆,我的车出问题了,你能帮我吗?——抱歉,现在不行,我正在拍短视频。根据not right now可知表示正在进行的动作,用am making。故选C。
【考点3 现在完成时】
一、现在完成时的结构
分类
具体类型
结构
例句
含实义动词
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + …
I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。)
He has lived here for 10 years.(他在这里住了 10 年。)
否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + …
We have not seen each other for a long time.(我们很久没见了。)
She has never been to Beijing.(她从没去过北京。)
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + …?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语 + have/has + not.
——Have you read this book?(你读过这本书吗?)
——Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.(是的,我读过。/ 不,我没读过。)
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + …?
What has he had for breakfast?(他早餐吃了什么?)
二、现在完成时的标志词
类别
标志词
例句
完成类
already(肯定句)
yet(否定 / 疑问)
just
before
I have already eaten lunch.(我已经吃了午饭。)
Have you finished your work yet?(你做完工作了吗?)
频次 / 体验类
ever(曾经)
never(从未)
once, twice, three times
I have never been to Shanghai.(我从没去过上海。)
Have you ever ridden a horse?(你骑过马吗?)
持续 / 截止类
for+时间段
since+时间点/ 一般过去时从句
so far, up to now
He has studied English for 5 years.(他学英语 5 年了。)
We have lived here since 2018.(我们从 2018 年就住在这里。)
时间段类
in the past few years, over the years, recently
They have made great progress in the past few years.(过去几年他们取得了很大进步。)
三、动词过去分词的变化规则
规则
例句
一般情况,直接加 - ed
work → worked
play → played
look → looked
以 e 结尾,直接加 - d
live → lived
love → loved
dance → danced
辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - ed
study → studied
carry → carried
try → tried
重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音加 - ed
stop → stopped
plan → planned
shop → shopped
不规则变化(单独熟记)
be→been
do→done
go→gone
(动词过去式与过去分词不规则变化表)
AAA变形
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
1
cost
cost
cost
花费
2
cut
cut
cut
割,切
3
hurt
hurt
hurt
受伤
4
hit
hit
hit
打,撞
5
let
let
let
让
6
put
put
put
放下
7
read
read
read
读
8
set
set
set
安排,安置
9
spread
spread
spread
展开,传播,涂
10
shut
shut
shut
关上,停止营业
AAB变形
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
11
beat
beat
beaten
打败
ABA变形
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
12
become
became
become
变成,成为
13
come
came
come
来
14
run
ran
run
跑
15
overcome
overcame
overcome
克服;战胜;征服
ABB变形
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
16
burn
burnt/burned
burnt/burned
燃烧
17
bless
blessed
blessed
保佑,祝福
18
deal
dealt
dealt
解决;处理;分配
19
keep
kept
kept
保持,保存
20
dream
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
梦想;做梦
21
hear
heard
heard
听见,听说
22
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
绞死;悬挂
23
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
学习
24
lie
lied
lied
说谎
25
mean
meant
meant
意思,意味
26
sleep
slept
slept
睡觉
27
show
showed
shown/showed
展示
28
smell
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
闻,嗅
29
spell
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
拼写
30
sweep
swept
swept
扫地
31
swing
swung
swung
摆动
32
wake
woke/waked
woken/waked
醒来;叫醒;激发
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
33
build
built
built
建造,修建
34
lend
lent
lent
借给
35
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
改建,重建
36
send
sent
sent
送
37
spend
spent
spent
花费
(3)原形→ought →ought
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
38
bring
brought
brought
带来
39
buy
bought
bought
买
40
fight
fought
fought
打架,战斗
41
think
thought
thought
思考,想
42
seek
sought
sought
寻找;追求;搜索
(4)原形→aught →aught
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
43
catch
caught
caught
捉,抓
44
teach
taught
taught
教,教授
(5)变其中一个元音字母
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
45
bleed
bled
bled
流血
46
dig
dug
dug
挖掘,钻研.
47
feed
fed
fed
喂养,饲养
48
find
found
found
发现,找到
49
hold
held
held
拥有,握住
50
lead
led
led
引导,领导
51
meet
met
met
遇见
52
sit
sat
sat
坐
53
shine
shone/shined
shone/shined
使照耀,使发光
54
shoot
shot
shot
射击
55
spit
spit/spat
spit/spat
吐痰
56
stick
stuck
stuck
刺入,粘住
57
slide
slid
slid
滑动
58
swing
swung
swung
摆动
59
win
won
won
赢,获胜
(6)原形→-lt/ pt/ ft→-lt/ pt/ ft
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
60
feel
felt
felt
感到
61
leave
left
left
离开
(7)其它
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
62
lay
laid
laid
下蛋,放置
63
pay
paid
paid
付款
64
say
said
said
说,讲
65
stand
stood
stood
站
66
understand
understood
understood
明白
67
lose
lost
lost
失去
68
have
had
had
有,持有
69
make
made
made
制造,构成
70
sell
sold
sold
卖
71
tell
told
told
告诉
72
retell
retold
retold
重复,复述
73
wind
wound
wound
缠绕,迂回
ABC变形
(1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
74
blow
blew
blown
吹风,喘气,叫
75
drive
drove
driven
驾驶
76
draw
drew
drawn
画,绘制,拖拽
77
eat
ate
eaten
吃
78
fall
fell
fallen
落下,跌倒
79
give
gave
given
给,提供,授予
80
grow
grew
grown
生长,种植
81
forgive
forgave
forgiven
原谅,饶恕
82
know
knew
known
知道
83
mistake
mistook
mistaken
弄错, 误解,
84
prove
proved
proven/proved
证明,试验
85
take
took
taken
拿,获得,承担
86
throw
threw
thrown
抛,扔,掷
87
ride
rode
ridden
骑,乘车
88
see
saw
seen
看见,领会
89
show
showed
shown/showed
出示,说明
90
shake
shook
shaken
摇动,震动
91
shrink
shrank
shrunk
(使) 缩小
92
write
wrote
written
写
93
rise
rose
risen
升起
(2)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
94
bite
bit
bitten
咬;叮,蛰
95
break
broke
broken
打破,打碎
96
choose
chose
chosen
选择
97
get
got
got/gotten
得到
98
hide
hid
hidden
隐藏
99
forget
forgot
forgotten
忘记
100
freeze
froze
frozen
冷冻,结冰
101
speak
spoke
spoken
说话,谈话
102
saw
sawed
sawn
锯,凿开
103
steal
stole
stolen
偷窃,窃取.
(3)重读音节中的元音字母[i→a →u]
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
104
begin
began
begun
开始
105
drink
drank
drunk
喝
106
sing
sang
sung
唱
107
sink
sank
sunk
下沉,沉没
108
swim
swam
swum
游泳
109
ring
rang
rung
包围,环绕
(4)其它
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
110
be(am, is, are)
was/were
been
是
111
bear
bore
born/borne
负担,忍受
112
do
did
done
做
113
fly
flew
flown
飞行
114
go
went
gone
去
115
lie
lay
lain
躺,位于
116
wear
wore
worn
穿
117
tear
tore
torn
流泪;撕破;飞奔
四、现在完成时难点补充
难点1:延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
· 定义:非延续性动词(瞬间动词)表示动作瞬间完成,不能与for/since等表示持续的时间状语连用;需转换为对应的延续性动词/短语,才能搭配持续时间。
· 常见转换表
buy →have
borrow →keep
lend →keep
open →be open
close →be closed
start/begin →be on
finish/end →be over
die →be dead
leave →be away
come/arrive →be in/at
join →be in/be a member of
marry →be married
· 例句:He has bought the book for 2 years.(×)→ He has had the book for 2 years.(√)
难点2:含ever/never的现在完成时用法
· 均置于have/has与过去分词之间;
· ever用于一般疑问句,表“曾经”;never用于肯定句,表“从未”,相当于否定句;
· 例句:Have you ever swum in the sea?(你曾经在海里游过泳吗?)/ She has never been late for work.(她上班从未迟到。)
难点3:含since/for的现在完成时用法辨析
单词
后接内容
例句
for
时间段(表动作持续的时长)
for 3 days, for a month, for many years
since
①时间点;②一般过去时的从句
since 2020, since last week; since he came here
· 转换:for+时间段 = since+时间段+ago → for 5 years = since 5 years ago
· 考点:对for/since部分提问,用How long。
难点4:have been to / have been in / have gone to 用法区别
短语
核心含义
使用场景
例句
have been to
去过某地(现在已返回)
表过去的体验,可与 ever/never/once 等连用
I have been to Paris twice.(我去过巴黎两次。)
have been in
待在某地(从过去持续到现在)
后接时间段,表持续的状态
He has been in Beijing for 3 years.(他在北京待了 3 年。)
have gone to
去了某地(现在还未返回,人在途中 / 当地)
主语为第三人称,表当前的位置状态
My mother has gone to the supermarket.(我妈妈去超市了。)
五、现在完成时的用法
用法
例句
过去动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果(常配 already/yet/just)
I have lost my key. I can’t open the door.(我丢了钥匙,打不开门了。)
She has just finished her homework.(她刚做完作业。)
过去开始的动作持续到现在(常配 for/since,用延续性动词)
They have lived in this city since 2015.(他们从 2015 年就住在这座城市。)
We have known each other for 8 years.(我们认识 8 年了。)
过去发生的动作到现在已多次发生(常配 once/twice/ 次数)
He has visited the museum three times.(他已经参观这个博物馆三次了。)
在条件 / 时间状语从句中,代替将来完成时,表将来某时已完成的动作
I will go out for a walk when I have finished my homework.(我做完作业就出去散步。)
【即时训练】
1.Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year.
A.are coming B.have come C.came D.will come
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:自从去年以来,许多留学生前来参观我们学校。since last year是现在完成时的标志,要用have come。故选B。
2.The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far.
A.have seen B.am going to see C.saw D.see
【答案】A
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:《哪吒2》很值得一看。到目前为止我已经看了三遍了。so far为现在完成时标志词,表示从过去到现在的经历,用have seen。故选A。
3.The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years.
A.has started B.has been in C.has stopped D.has been out of
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时延续性用法。句意:这家理疗中心在商业街,已经营业十多年了。for over 10 years接时间段,需用延续性短语be in service,现在完成时用has been in。故选B。
4.Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there.
A.was back B.came back C.has come back D.has been back
【答案】D
【详解】考查现在完成时延续性用法。句意:熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了,在那里被照顾得很好。for over one year是时间段,需用延续性状态be back,现在完成时用has been back。故选D。
5.Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library.
A.goes to B.has gone to C.will go to D.was going to
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时短语辨析。句意:我们的英语老师现在不在办公室,她去图书馆了。has gone to表示“去了某地还未回来”,符合人不在现场的语境。故选B。
6.Neither Millie nor Shirley ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时主谓一致及短语辨析。句意:米莉和雪莉以前都没去过澳大利亚,但她们非常了解这个国家。neither…nor…遵循就近原则,谓语跟靠近的Shirley保持单数;before是现在完成时标志,has been to表示“去过某地”。故选B。
7.— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it?
— Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening.
A.already; just B.ever; yet C.just; already D.yet; ever
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时副词搭配。句意:——《哪吒2》真的太精彩了,你曾经看过吗?——还没有。但我打算这周六晚上去电影院看。ever用于疑问句表“曾经”;not yet是固定搭配,表“还没有”。故选B。
一、英语知识运用
1. (2024年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第4题)Once he ________ a job he won't stop until it's finished.
A. starts B. started C. is started D. will start
【答案】A
【详解】考查主将从现。句意:他一旦开始一项工作,不完成就不会停下来。once引导时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主语he为第三人称单数,谓语动词用starts。故选A。
2. (2023年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第3题)—I ________ to the new museum last Sunday.
—Good. I ________ it three times.
A. will go; visit B. went; have visited C. went; was visiting D. has gone; will visit
【答案】B
【详解】考查一般过去时和现在完成时。句意:——我上周日去了新博物馆。——很好。我已经去过三次了。第一空last Sunday为过去时间,用一般过去时went;第二空three times表示至今的经历,用现在完成时have visited。故选B。
3. (2022年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第5题)—Li Ming, could you come and help me in the garden, please?
—Sorry, mom. I ________ Lucy with her Chinese now.
A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:——李明,你能来花园帮我个忙吗?——抱歉,妈妈。我现在正在帮露西补习语文。now是现在进行时的标志,强调此刻正在进行的动作,用am helping。故选C。
二、短文填空
1.(2023年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第49题)I am ________ (learn) railway transportation.
【答案】learning
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:我正在学习铁路运输专业。句中已有be动词am,后接动词现在分词构成现在进行时,learn的现在分词形式为learning。
2.
(2023年山东省普通高校招生考试(春季)第51题)…She continued, “China’s trains ________ (be) so fast and advanced, I hope I can learn more to teach my students, and then we can have better railways and train than before.”
【答案】are
【详解】考查一般现在时。句意:中国的列车速度很快而且技术先进。此处陈述客观事实,要用一般现在时;主语trains是复数名词,be动词用are。
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