Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and expressions 课件 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

B7U1 Science Fiction words and expressions fiction n.小说[U]; 虚构的事[C] novel n.小说 adj.新颖的 1.他特别喜欢科幻小说。 He likes science fiction in particular. sci-fi (informal) SF (abbr.) 2.历史/言情/现实主义小说 historical/romantic/realistic fiction 1.The company demands the software should ________(test) out before being put on the market. 2.Some owners wish they could try out the car in a race track. 3.Why don't you try out for the basketball team? You have nothing to lose. 4.He helps his friend to give out the leaflets. The ship gave out radio signals for help. be tested test out 检验/测试 give out 分发; 散发(光/声/热/信号等物理现象） try out 测试/试验 try out for 参加选拔 5.When we watched the national flag raised in the Olympic Games on TV, we let out a cheer. Don't let out the secret or you'll be punished. 6.Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out. I have run out of patience with her. let out 发出(叫声);泄露； run out. 用光，用完 be more like A than B 社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具。 Social robots are more like companion than tools. 更像是A而不是B incantation(咒语) from Harry Potter ridiculously adv.荒唐地/荒谬地; 令人惊奇地 ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的; 荒谬的/荒唐的 ①It is ridiculous to do sth. 做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 ②It is ridiculous that 从句 ...是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 absurd adj. 荒谬/荒唐的 absurdly adv.荒唐地/荒谬地; 1.It is ridiculous __________(dispute 争论) about such things. to dispute 7 We must safeguard our state territorial integrity. 我们必须维护我们国家的领土完整。 --Wu Qian, spokesman for the Defence Ministry integrated adj.整合的 integrate v.(使)合并/成为一体；adj.整合的 integrity un. 诚实正直; 完整/完好 1.我一直把他当作一个正直诚实的人。 I have always regarded him as a man of integrity. 9 appoint v. ①约定 1.We appointed a day in June for celebration. ②委派/任命 2.The company appointed Sam as manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 3.A nurse was appointed to guard her. appoint sb to be/as... 任命某人为 appoint sb to do sth. 委派某人做某事 10 appoint v. appointment n. ①预约/约会 1.I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30. 2.She had failed to keep her appointment for third times. ②委派/任命 3.They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman of club. make/have/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 11 nail cn. 指甲/趾甲; 钉子 vt. (用钉子)钉牢; 固定 hammer cn. 锤子 v. 锤击 nail polish nail clipper I nailed the sign to a tree. 12 a saleswoman customers sale n.销售 saleswoman cn. 女售货员; 女推销员 salesman cn. 男售货员; 男推销员 innocent adj. 天真无邪的; 无辜的; 无恶意的 guilty adj. 内疚/惭愧的; 有罪的/有过失的 ①be/feel guilty for/at/about... 对...感到内疚/惭愧 guilt un.内疚; 犯罪; 罪行 out of guilt 出于内疚 ashamed 对他的罪行感到愧疚，他承认了所有的所作所为。（分词作状语） Feeling guilty about his guilt, he admitted all that he had done. suspension un.暂停/中止;延缓/推迟； suspend vt. ①悬/挂; 1.The fisherman suspends the fish from the wall. ②暂停/中止; 2.The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems. 3.The headmaster suspends him from school. ③延缓/推迟； 4.The introduction of the new system has been suspended until next year. A suspend B from C A把B悬挂在C上 suspend sb. from sth. 停止某人某事 A suspension bridge 悬索桥，吊桥 ladder cn. 梯子 climb up/fall off a ladder : 爬上/跌下梯子 a flight of stairs: 一段楼梯 climb the stairs: 爬楼梯 upstairs: adv./adj. 楼上 downstairs: adv./adj. 楼下 dismiss vt. ①让……离开；解散 1. The headmaster dismissed students with a wave of the hand. 2. dismiss the class ②解雇；开除 3. He was dismissed from his job for incompetence. ③消除（顾虑等） 4.She tried to dismiss fear from her mind dismiss sb. from...for... 因为...把某人从...解雇 dismiss fears/doubts from one’s mind 消除(某人)心里的恐惧/疑虑 下课 18 ④不理会/拒绝考虑 5. He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. 6.He dismissed the story as mere rumor（纯粹的谣言）. dismiss sb./sth as... 认为某人/某事...而不理会 dismiss vt. 19 declare vt.表明; 宣称; 公布 declaration cn.宣称；宣布；公告 ①declare sth./that 从句 宣称...→ 1.The government has declared a state of emergency. 2.It is declared that the prince and the princess will get married next monday. ② declare sb./sth as/to be ... 宣布A为B 3.Cai Yingwen declares Taiwan as an independent country, which was ridiculous. It is declared that从句 announce 20 ③declare war on/upon... 向……宣战 5. They have now declared war on/upon drug dealers in the area. ④declare for/against... 表明赞成/反对 6.I declare for his opinion. declare...open/closed 宣布...开始/结束 declare vt.表明; 宣称; 公布 21 start/spread a rumour 制造/散布谣言 rumour/rumor cn.& un.谣言/传闻 Well, rumor has it that he is planning to start his own company and take most of his previous clients with him. gossip v.闲聊；说三道四 n.流言蜚语 ①rumor has it that.... 谣言说... presume vt. & vi. 假设/假定; 认为 presumption cn.假设/定 presuming conj.假设 ①presume A to be B 假定A是B ②it is presumed that从句 人们认为 assume v. suppose v. 1.We must presume them to be innocent until we have proof of guilt. 2.Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young. 3.Presuming/Supposing/Assuming/Provided/Providing he is absent, what shall we do? fare cn.车费；船费；飞机票价 fee cn. 上学/求医/找律师等付的费用，还可指会费 expense cn.& un. 费用;代价 cost cn.费用；代价 price cn.价格；代价 on a ... basis 根据，以…的方式(基准) on a regular basis 例行地，有规律地，定期地 on the basis of 以...为基础 1.The students can only get scholarships on a competitive basis. 2.The workers get paid on a daily/weekly basis.（每天/每周） 3.你的观点应该要基于事实。 Your opinion should be on the basis of fact. basis n. (pl.bases) 底部；基础；主要成分；基本原则或原理 base vt. 以...为基础 n.根基；底部；基础；基地 basic adj.基础的；基本的 basically adv.基础地 base...on/upon 把...置于...基础之上 be based on/upon 以...为基础/根据 1.You can't always calculate on my help. 2.Northbridge is a cool, __________(calculate), and clever criminal who could strike again. calculating adj.精于计算的 calculate vt.计算；核算；预测 calculation cn. & un.计算；算计 calculator cn. 计算器；计算者 calculating ①It is calculated that从句 据估算... ②calculate on 指望着；期待 gramme/ɡram n. 克(重量单位) kilogram/kilo n. 千克; 公斤 ton n. 吨 pound n. 磅 ①by the gram/kilogram/ton 以克/千克/吨为单位 1.A football weighs about 400 ______(gram). 2.Sorry, but we sell the roast Beijing duck _____ the gram. grams by Hello, Earth！Here I come. alien cn. 外星人(生物); 外国人 adj. 外星的; 外国的;陌生的; foreign adj. 外国的; 外来的; 陌生的 foreigner cn. 外国人 1.异域文化 an alien culture pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 advantages and disadvantages 利与弊; 优点和缺点 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 1.我们必须权衡利弊，没有一种选择是完美的。 We have to weighed up the pros and cons. Neither option is perfect. blurred adj. 模糊不清的; 难以区分的 blur v. （使）看不清楚，记不清 cn. 模糊不清的事物 1.视力模糊 blurred vision 2.模糊的记忆 blurred memories 3.泪水模糊了她的视线。 Tears blurred her eyes. blur--blurred--blurred; blurring superior adj. 更好的; 占优势的; (在级别/重要性上)更高的 inferior adj.下级/等的；差的； ①be superior/inferior to (in sth. ) (在某事上)比...更好/级别更高； 更差/级别更低 ② be senior/junior to ... 比...年长/职位高；年幼/级别底 older/elder than ; younger than 1.新一代智能机在功能上大大优于旧一代。 The new generation of smartphones is greatly superior to the older version in function. 2.他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。（分词作状语） He is arrogant, always thinking he is superior to others. 1)She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job. 2)Try not to let negative thoughts take over. 3)Machines will change the way we work, but they won't fully take over from humans. 1)They took up arms and fought for their faith and liberty. 2)I'm sorry I've already taken up so much of your valuable time. 3)He took up writing after graduation. take up 拿起；占据；开始从事 take over 接管/手（及物&不及物）; 占上风（不及物）; 取代（不及物）take over from sb./sth. 1)The campus has taken on a new look. 2)The supermarket is taking on a few temporary assistants for the Christmas season. 3)Every citizen should take on the responsibility to keep public clean. 1)He took off my wet boots and made me sit by the fire 2)Three planes were standing on the runway, waiting to take off. 3)When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction. 4)Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.. take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开；突然成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担； Exercises ①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city _______a new look. ②Briggs will _____________from Mitchell as general manager when he retires. ③To keep healthy, Professor Johnson ____________ cycling after he retired from school. takes on took up take over inactive adj.不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的 inaction un. 无行动; 不采取措施 action n. 行动[U]; 活为[C] take action(s) to do sth. 采取行动做某事 They have a conflict. conflict v. 冲突，抵触 cn.&un.争执，争论，分歧 1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。 Their dreams conflict with their harsh reality. 2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。 I am in conflict with my parents on/about/over which major to choose. A与B(在某事上)冲突；矛盾/不一致 ①A conflict with B ②A be in conflict with B ③A come into conflict with B (on/about/over sth.) International Workers’Day Labor Day a leather jacket feather cn. 羽毛 leather n. 皮革[U]; leathers 皮衣/皮外套 the hand-brake lever 手动刹车操纵杆 Give me a place to stand on, and I can move the Earth. Lever Principle panel cn. 控制板; 仪表盘;专家咨询组 1.a judging panel 评审团 2.a panel of experts/judges 专家/法官小组 inch n. 英寸 (=2.54厘米) (复数inches) 1.Give him an inch, he will take a mile. 2.She crawled forward inch by inch. 慢慢地，一点一点地 3.The policemen searched the murder site inch by inch. foot n. 英尺 (=12 inches )(复数feet) mile n.英里 backwards/backward adv. 向后; 倒着; 往回 forwards/forward adv. 向前 upwards/upward adv. 向上 downwards/downward adv. 向下 eastwards/eastward adv. 向东 westwards/westward adv.向西 1.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语） Losing my balance, I fell backwards. handkerchief cn. 手帕 (复数:chiefs/-chieves) chief cn. 首领; 上司;长官 (复数: chiefs) He took out a handkerchief and ______(blow) his nose. blew lamp cn. 灯; 台灯 switch/turn on 开灯 switch/turn off a lamp 关灯 The room was softly ______(light) by a lamp. lit 1)The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 2)It turned out that he failed the examination. No wonder he looked sorrowful. 3)Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed. 4)The boss decided to turn Jack out of his job. 5)Thousands of people turned out to welcome the world champion. 2.What he said turned me on to politics. turn out 原来/证明/结果是; 关掉/熄灭; 赶/撵走; 出席/在场; turn off 关掉;截断（电流、煤气、水等）;使厌烦 turn on 打开;接通（电流、煤气、水等）;使感兴趣 1)If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep. 2)I would have to turn the evidence over to the police. turn up 调大；出现/露面 turn down 调小；拒绝 turn into 变成 turn over 翻转/翻身；移交 pace n[单]. 速度; 步伐/节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度/调整节奏; 1.They set off at a steady/slow/rapid/leisurely pace. 2.Those who are unwilling to challenge themselves fail to keep pace with times. 3.The company is no longer setting the pace in the home computer market. 4.I paced back and forth across the room. =at a speed of... 踱步/走来走去 = at a pace of... =at a pace of steadiness/slowness/rapidness/leisure at a ... pace 以...的速度 keep pace with 保持同步;并驾齐驱;跟上; set the pace 定步调；树立榜样/起带头作用 1.If you take this medicine, all your pains and aches will fall away. 2.Ron fell over, still struggle with monsters. 3.I rushed for the door and fell over my own feet in the hallway. 4.Babies often fall down when they learn to walk. 5.The house looked as if it was about to fall down. 6.Look out! You would fall off the ladder. fall away (逐渐)减少; 消失 disappear v.消失 fade away 逐渐消失 fall over 摔倒；被...绊倒 fall down 摔倒；倒塌 fall off 从...摔下 division n. 分开; 分隔; 差异; 除(法) divide v.分开; 分割; 除以 divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的 ①divide A into B, C and D 把A分成B, C and D ③divide A by B 用B来分A/把A除以B Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste, non- recyclable waste and recyclable waste. If you divide thirty by five, you can get six. separate B, C and D from A 把B,C and D从A中分离 Strawberry Cream Puffs Puffs of white smoke came from the chimney. 烟囱冒出了袅袅白烟。 puff n. (烟、气等的)一缕/少量[C]; 泡芙[C];喘息[U]； 1.一缕烟; 一股风; 一阵微风 a puff of smoke/wind/breeze 2.山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。 The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff. urge n. 强烈的欲望; 冲动 vt. 催促; 力劝; 大力推荐 urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的 urgently adv.迫切地；紧急地；急切地 urgency n.紧急/催促；紧急的事 urge cn. 强烈的欲望; 冲动 vt. 催促; 力劝; 大力推荐 1.If you get the chance to visit this place, I strongly urge you _________(have) a try personally. 2.The report urged that all children ________________(teach)to swim. 3._____ is strongly urged that new technology should be transferred from the rich to the poor. 4.I had a sudden urge to hit him. (should) be taught to have It ①urge sb. to do... 敦促/催促/力劝某人做什么 ②urge that sb. (should) do sth. 强烈要求 ③It is urged that sb. (should) do sth. ...是强烈要求 ④have/feel an urge to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望 random adj. 随机的; 不可思议的 randomly adv. 随机; 随意; 未加计划地 1.It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random. at random 随意; 随机; 胡乱 maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量; 最大限度 minimum adj. 最小的; 最低的; 最低限度的 n. 最低限度; 最小值; 1.最快速度；最高气温； the maximum speed/temperature 2.最低收费 a minimum charge explode vi. & vt. 爆炸/爆破;情感的迸发 explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增 explosive adj.爆炸的；爆发性的 cn.&un.炸药；爆炸物 1.The bomb exploded/went off. 2.Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her? back flips flip v. (使)快速翻转; (用手指)轻抛;快速按动开关 cn.快速翻转; (用手指)轻抛; flip on/off the switch 2.飞机猛地翻转，撞毁了，导致200人死亡。(分词作状语) The plane flipped and crashed，killing 200 people. (flipped-flipped; flipping) stun vt. 使震惊; 使昏迷/把...打晕 (stunned-stunned; stunning ) stunned adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的 stunning adj. 令人震惊的/惊愕的；极好的 mud un. 泥; 泥浆 1.汽车轮子陷到泥里去了。 The car wheels got stuck in the mud. mudslide cn.泥石流 muddy adj.泥泞的；模糊的；混乱的 overstatement n. 夸大; 夸张 understatement n.轻描淡写 overstate v.夸大 state v. 陈述; 说明; 声明 statement cn.说法; 声明; 陈述 It is no overstatement to say that learning to cooperate with others is the key factor in one's career. $