Unit 5 Nature’s Temper Section A 4a-4d 课件 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Section A What happens during a natural disaster? Section A 4a-4d 语法课 单元主题: 人与自我 人与自然 单元子主题: 珍爱生命的意识 敬畏自然; 自然灾害与防范措施, 人身安全与自我保护 学习目标 能够结合例句识别when和while引导的时间状语从句,理解其表意功能;能够区分when和while的意义。 能够理解过去进行时的表意功能,分析句子结构特征,并通过与一般过去时的对比,加深对过去进行时的理解。 能够正确使用过去进行时及从属连词when和while连句、造句、补全语篇,并基于语法板块语篇的内容,准确描述过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。 能够了解龙卷风的相关知识以及应对措施,同时体会语篇中蕴含的“灾难无情人有情”的内涵。 What is happening now? It is raining heavily. A truck is driving on the street. Some people are walking in the water. A reporter is taking photos for the people. If this situation happened at 6:30 yesterday morning. Can you describe what was happening when the typhoon hit? It was raining heavily. A truck was driving on the street. Some people were walking in the water. A reporter was taking photos for the people. What’s the difference between these sentences? It is raining heavily. It was raining heavily. A truck is driving on the street. A truck was driving on the street. Some people are walking in the water. Some people were walking in the water. A reporter is taking photos for the people. A reporter was taking photos for the people. is/are+v-ing is used for actions happening now was/were+v-ing is for actions that were happening in the past present continuous tense past continuous tense What were you doing while it was snowing heavily? I was travelling on the train then. What were your family doing when the typhoon hit? My children and I were reading together. When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. We were driving home when the strong winds started. While we were driving home, the strong winds started. It was raining hard while we were driving back. Read the sentences. Underline the verbs which show an ongoing action in the past. 4a 过去进行时多用在叙事类文本中,起到提供背景和渲染氛围的作用,制造身临其境的效果。 过去进行时的定义 核心定义 表示过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。 通俗理解 就像在拍视频,定格了过去某一刻正在发生的画面,不是完成的动作,是“正在做”的状态。 Tips 常和表示某一时刻或过去某一段时间的词连用:at that time(在那时)、at 9:00 last night(昨晚九点)、when...(当……时候)、while...(当……时候)... 过去进行时 1. 过去进行时的构成:was/were+动词-ing 2. 动词-ing形式的变化规则 一般情况直接加-ing look looking、work working 以不发音的字母 e 结尾:去 e 加 -ing take taking、write writing 以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing shop shopping、sit sitting、 plan planning 以 ie 结尾的动词:变 ie 为 y 加-ing lie lying、tie tying、die dying 过去进行时的结构 基本结构: 否定形式: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答: 特殊疑问句: 主语+was/were + doing +其他. 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing+其他. Was/Were+主语+doing+其他? Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+doing+其他? 4. 短暂性动词,如decide、stop等。 有些动词通常不用于进行时,主要有: 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love、hate、like、know等。 2. 部分连系动词,如seem、appear等。 3. 感官动词,如see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste 等。 at 7:00 last night, at that time, while… 过去进行时 相同点 动词过去式(did) was/were + 现在分词 (doing) 动词形式 都表示过去发生的动作或状态 过去某一时刻/时段正在进行的动作,强调动作的过程/状态 时间提示词 yesterday, last week, in 2020, just now, ago… 一般过去时 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 核心含义 过去发生的动作,已经完成,强调动作的结果/事实 经典例句 I cleaned my room yesterday.(昨天我打扫了房间——强调过去发生了这个动作,已做完) I was cleaning my room at 5:00 yesterday.(昨天5点我正在打扫房间——强调当时正在做) I _ (do) my homework _ the power went out. Kate _ (write) a letter _ her brother called. My parents _ (pack) supplies _ it rained cats and dogs. We _ (drive) home _ the strong winds started. The children _ (read) together _ the typhoon hit. was doing 语法填空 when was writing when were packing when were driving when were reading when What were you doing while it was snowing heavily? What were your family doing when the typhoon hit? When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. We were driving home when the strong winds started. While we were driving home, the strong winds started. It was raining hard while we were driving back. when和while引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 以when和while引导的时间状语从句 延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间,而不是瞬间结束。如:work、study、drink、eat等。 非延续性动词指动作极为短暂,瞬间结束。 如:start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。 什么是延续性动词? 什么是非延续性动词? when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词。 when引导的时间状语从句 What were your family doing when the typhoon hit? When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. We were driving home when the strong winds started. when 引导的时间状语从句 表示主句动作发生的特定时间,既可指时间点,也可指时间段。 I was doing my homework when he came in. 我正在写作业,这时他进来了。 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可用延续性动词,也可用非延续性动词。从句的动作可与主句的动作同时发生,也可在主句动作之前或之后发生。 When the bus stopped, we got off quickly. 公交车停下时,我们迅速下了车。 He often listened to music when he worked. 他工作时经常听音乐。 当主句为将来时或表示将来的意义时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来,即遵循“主将从现”的原则。 I will call you when I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京后会给你打电话。 We will go camping when the weather is fine tomorrow. 明天天气好的话,我们就去露营。 When he comes, please let me know. 他来的时候请告诉我一声。 while引导的时间状语从句 What were you doing while it was snowing heavily? While we were driving home, the strong winds started. It was raining hard while we were driving back. while表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间”。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词 while 引导的时间状语从句 while引导时间状语从句时,从句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词,且常用进行时。 Please be quiet while I am teaching. 我在讲课的时候请安静。 强调主句动作发生时,从句动作正在进行,此时,从句用进行时。 While she was doing her homework, the light went out. 她正在写作业的时候,灯灭了。 While we were walking home, it started to rain. 我们正走在回家路上时,天开始下雨了。 强调主从句动作同时进行时,主从句通常都用进行时。 I was reading while my mother was cooking. 我在看书,妈妈在做饭。 They were singing while we were dancing. 他们在唱歌,我们在跳舞。 when和while引导的时间状语从句区别 I: ① One day, when Henry was working in a restaurant, a snake suddenly appeared and bit his hand. ② I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again. ③ While I was driving my old car, I was polluting the city. 从句动词 所指时间 when引导的时间状语从句 while引导的时间状语从句 可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词 必须是延续性动词 可表示时间点或一段时间 通常表示一段时间 when和while引导的时间状语从句区别 : I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again. 我正想过去抓住它,又被咬了一口。 在包含由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句用过去进行时、从句用一般过去时,则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了,强调后一动作发生的突然。 ① We were talking when the teacher came in. ② While we were talking, the teacher came in. 我们正在讲话,老师(突然)进来了。 我们正在讲话的时候,老师进来了。(只表示老师进来的事实,不强调突然性。) when和while引导的时间状语从句区别 : 当主句和从句的动作都是延续性的或同时发生的,两句都用过去进行时的时候,通常用while引导从句。 ① They were singing while we were dancing. 他们在唱歌,我们在跳舞。 ② They were reading while we were writing. 他们在读书,我们在写字。 ③ Wang Qi was watching TV while his parents were preparing dinner. 王琦在看电视,而他的父母正在准备晚餐。 while后通常加过去进行时的句子 while 引导的时间状语从句 既可以指时间段, 也可以指时间点 一般只指一段时间(时间段) 从句中的谓语动词 可以是延续性动词(如 wait, cook)也可以是非延续性动词(如 happen, arrive) 只能是表状态的延续性动词(如 wait, read, run, rain) 常用时态搭配 when 后面通常加一般过去时的从句 when when 和while的区别 when和while的核心区别 When he knocked at the door, I was sleeping. 他敲门时,我正在睡觉。 I was reading when the light went out. 我正在看书,这时灯突然灭了。 Tom was reading while Mary was drawing. 汤姆在看书,而玛丽在画画。 情况 用 when 用 while 从句是瞬间动作 可以 不可以 从句是延续动作 可以 可以 表示 “这时;突然” 可以 不可以 表示对比 “而……” 不可以 可以 过去进行时(Pastcontinuoustense) 构成形式 was/were+动词-ing形式 功能和意义 描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 描述过去某一段时间正在进行的动作 多用在叙事类文本中,起到提供背景和渲染氛围的作用,制造身 临其境的效果 时间状语 at 9 o'clock last night, at that time, last night, when I saw it, while she was sleeping 动词特点 多是延续性动词 when和while的区别 while引导的从句中,动词通常需要使用延续性动词;when引导的从句则没有这一限制,可以用延续性动词,也可以用非延续性动词。 主句和从句的时态 主句和从句都可以用过去进行时 Each sentence has one mistake. Underline the mistake and write the correct sentence. My mother was cooked lunch while I was helping my brother with his homework. While it rained heavily outside, we were sit in the classroom reading storybooks. When the earthquake happened, people run in all directions quickly. I was waiting at the bus stop when I see my best friend passing by. While we were clean the house, the power went out and everything became dark. cooking was raining sitting ran saw cleaning I did my homework. The typhoon landed on the coast. The power went out. My father and I made dinner. Kate wrote a letter. Her brother called to warn her of the storm. My parents packed the supplies. I moved our things off the floor. I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs. rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 warn sb. of... 警告某人… go out(火或灯光)熄灭 Combine each pair of sentences using when or while. 4b 4b Combine each pair of sentences using when or while. 1. I did my homework. The typhoon landed on the coast. I was doing my homework when the typhoon landed on the coast. 2. The power went out. My father and I made dinner. My father and I were making dinner when the power went out. 3. Kate wrote a letter. Her brother called to warn her of the storm. Kate was writing a letter when her brother called to warn her of the storm. While/When I was doing my homework , the typhoon landed on the coast. 非延续性 延续性 While/When My father and I were making dinner, the power went out. While/When Kate was writing a letter , her brother called to warn her of the storm. 延续性 非延续性 非延续性 延续性 4. My parents packed the supplies. I moved our things off the floor. My parents were packing the supplies while I was moving our things off the floor. 5. I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs. I was sleeping soundly while it was raining cats and dogs. 延续性 延续性 延续性 延续性 When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain _ beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once. _ they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they _ hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed. _ they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some _ starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while. 4c 4c Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while. When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain _ beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once. _ they were waiting, Jenny's little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they _ hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed. _ they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some _ starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. was When/While were When were 非延续性 延续性 Jenny’s father compare the tornado to an angry lion. Do you think a tornado is like an angry lion? In what way are they alike? Yes, I think they are alike in some ways. Both are powerful and destructive, bringing great harm and fear to people and things around. Let’s think and answer questions! Why does the writer say “The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together.” ? The tornado was scary as it brought danger and fear. But when facing it, Jenny’s family comforted each other. After it passed, people cared for each other and helped clean up. This shared experience brought everyone closer. What disaster did Jenny's family meet? Were they safe during the disaster? How do you know? Who played a key role in the process? What did Jenny's father compare the tornado to? Do you think a tornado is like an angry lion? In what way are they alike? Read again and answer They met a tornado. Yes, they were. They ran to the safe room. Jenny's father played a key role. Yes. Both are very fierce(凶猛) and dangerous. What do you think of Jenny's father? Why does the writer say "The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together."? Because after it passed, people cared for each other and helped clean up. This shared experience brought everyone closer. calm responsible brave ... Read again and answer Imagine that you are a reporter. Interview a member of Jenny's family and find out what he or she was doing around the time of the tornado. A: What were you doing when the tornado hit? B: My family and I were hiding in a safe room. A: What were you doing while you were waiting there? B: Oh, while I ... 4d 过去进行时 你发现的规律 过去进行时结构 = _ + _ was 配 _ 数,were 配 _ 数 用于过去 _ 时间点正在做的动作 when + 短动作(_时)打断长动作(_时) while 连接两个 _ 进行的动作,都用 _ 时 一般过去时动作 _ 了;过去进行时动作正在 _ was/were doing 单 复 具体 一般过去 过去进行 长 过去进行 进行 完成 35 二、用所给词适当形式填空。 What _ you _ (do) when the typhoon came? While my father _ (check) the weather, my mother was cooking. They _ (play) basketball at that time yesterday. When I _ (arrive), it was raining heavily. She _ (sleep) while I was reading. The wind _ (blow) strongly when we went out. My sister _ (not watch) TV at 8 last night. _ it _ (snow) when you got up this morning? were doing was checking were playing arrived was sleeping was blowing wasn't watching Was snowing Exercise—连词成句 1. his way, he, to, made, the, shelter, when, earthquake, the, started (.) _ 2. important, for, it, is, us, to, respect, cultures, different, when, crossing, borders (.) _ 3. the game, started, while, was, I, still, on the way, to the stadium. _ 4. rang, I, my homework, while the telephone, was doing (.) _ 5. out, the, went, elevator, lights, riding, while, Jeremy, was, the (.) _ It is important for us to respect different cultures when crossing borders. The game started while I was still on the way to the stadium. I was doing my homework while the telephone rang. He made his way to the shelter when the earthquake started. The lights went out while Jeremy was riding the elevator. $