第四部分 第四讲 词义猜测题-【创新教程】2026年初升高中职英语衔接教材一本通

衔接教材一本通 第四讲 词 名师浙 ◆[题型特点] 这类题型目的是考查考生利用上下文 对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利 用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本 技巧之一，也是我们学习词汇的方法 之一。在阅读过程中，有些同学一遇 到生僻词语就查词典，这是不可取的。 一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使 我们养成依赖词典的习惯，而且还会 影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时 遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢？ 答案是否定的。可是我们如何做到理 解呢？利用上下文提示猜测词义就是 诀窍。 词义猜测题的类型主要有三种：熟词新 义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中 推断某一多义词的正确意思；生词释义 要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断 出词义；难句释义要求学生根据范围 稍大的上下文推断句意。 ◆[设问方式] 1.What's the meaning of the underlined word/ phrase...in Chinese? 2.The underlined word...refers to/proba bly means... 3.The underlined word...could be replaced by... 4.What is the meaning of...? 5.Which of the following words can take the place of the word...? ◆[解题技巧] (一)通过因果关系猜测词义 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与 上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。 有时需要借助关联词（如because,as, since,for,so,thus,as a result,therefore 等)来猜测词义。 70((<(< 英语 义猜测题 闳 [You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. [解析]通过第二个for引出的句子所 表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出 blame的词义是“责备”。 二)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义 在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了 表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词 或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以 利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词 语推测不熟悉词语的含义。 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or 连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay,即 使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它 是“愉快”的意思；二是看在进一步解释 的过程中使用的同义词。 [Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. [解析]此句中的Venus(金星)，Mars (火星)，Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要 知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于 “行星”这个领域。 三)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义 有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人， 使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词 语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词 推测未知单词的词义。 通过反义关系猜词，一是看表转折或对 比关系的连词或副词，如but,while, however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示 否定意义的词语。 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother. [解析]根据“not at all as hand some..”我们不难推测出homely的意 思，即“不英俊，不漂亮”。 阅读理解 第四部分 (四)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义 [例门 One of the things I always believe 定义或解释形式多样，常由is,that is is that no matter how bad something is, (to say),in other words,call,mean,be you can take something positive out considered to be,refer to,be called,be of it... known as,define,represent,signify等词 The word“positive”in the passage 汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地 probably means 表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概 A.terrible B.bad 念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。 C.good D.real 这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对 [解析]根据逗号前的bad及语境可知 性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果 答案是C。 生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理 [答案]C 解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 2.在句子或段落中，若事物、现象之间构成 [But sometimes,no rain falls for a 某种逻辑关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑 long,long time.Then there is a dry peri- 关系推知生词词义。 od,or drought. [If he thinks he can invite me out, [解析]从drought所在句子的上文我 he is all wet.I don't like to be with him. 们得知很久不下雨了，于是便有一段干 The underlined phrase“all wet'”means 旱的时期，即drought,由此可见drought 意思为“千旱，早灾”。而a dry period和 drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关 A.drunk B.sweating 系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be C.happy D.wrong called或破折号等来表示。 [解析]根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一 (五)根据上下文猜测词义 起”可知，他如果认为能约我出去，那就 1.有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义，但 “错了”。因此D正确。 可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。 [答案]D 专项集训 记叙文 社区志愿者社团 with children.I think that is because I Hi,Jenny, have two little sisters. I am enjoying my new school.It also Next term we are going to visit some has lots of clubs and activities.One of my old people.Some of the old people are favourite clubs is the Community Volun- blind(失明的).We want to help them to teers(社区志愿者).The club gives us a read books. chance(机会)to serve other people. A lot of clubs and activities are about This term we are helping out at a spe- having fun,but in the Community Volun- cial school for disabled(残疾的)children.I am helping to organize(组织)games,.read teers,we help other people and have fun. ing stories to the children and helping with Everyone in the club is very friendly the music group.Mrs.Brown organizes and it's a great way to make new friends at our club.She says that I am really good school. >>>>>>71 衔接教材一本通 Can you tell me something about your new friends there?Please write to me soon. Yours, Mary l.What does the underlined word“serve” mean? A.服务 B.坚持 C.放弃 D.警告 2.What do we know about Mary in Para- graph 2? A.She likes nature. B.She's good with children. C.She enjoys reading. D.She is good at painting. 3.What does Mary want to do for the blind people? A.Wash the clothes. B.Organize games. C.Read books. D.Clean the rooms. 4.What may Jenny write to Mary in her next e-mail? A.Her new friends. B.Her cute pets. C.Her birthday party. D.Her modern classroom. 5.What is the best title for the text? A.Mary's Big Family B.Mary's Nice School C.Mary's Favourite Subject D.Mary's Favourite Club 说明文 考试规则 I am Zhao Jie.I study at Red Star Middle School.I want to share some exam rulers in my school with you. No.1:Arrive at the examination room on time.You'd better arrive at the exami- nation room at least(至少)15 minutes be fore the exam starts.If you are late,you may not be able to come into the exam room. 72<< 英语 No.2:You can't leave the examination room 15 minutes before the end of the ex- am, No.3:Don't bring smart phones or smart watches to the examination room. You can only take the school things with you,such as student ID cards,rulers, pencils,and some other tools. Are these rulers different from those in your school? 1.When should students arrive at the ex- amination room in Zhao Jie's school? A.At least 5 minutes before the exam. B.At least 10 minutes before the exam. C.At least 15 minutes before the exam. D.At least 20 minutes before the exam. 2.Which of the following things can't you see in the exam room in Zhao Jie's school? 0 3.What does the underlined word“tools” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A.资料 B.机器 C.设备 D.工具 4.How many rules does Zhao Jie tell us? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five. 5.In which unit of a textbook can you read this text? A.Unit 1 Friends. B.Unit 3 School Life. C.Unit 5 Nature. D.Unit 8 Fun Sports. 食物在不同的国家特别 三 说明文 的含义 Food is interesting.It's also interest ing that different food has different mean- ings in different countries. 阅读 Onions(洋葱)In Egypt,many farm- ers use the onion as a symbol(象征)of truth(事实).When they have different ideas from each other,they often have an onion in their hands and put it up high to show the truth is in their hands.A town in Switzerland has the Onion Festival.It is on the fourth Monday of November.Food shops and restaurants make all kinds of on- ion food on that day. Tomatoes-They are the“Number 1” food.They are a kind of vegetable and a kind of fruit.They are very helpful.They're impor- tant to hamburgers and salad.They may taste bad if there are no tomatoes.In some countries of Europe,young men and women often pick tomatoes for each other when they are in love. Carrots-We can usually see them in veg etable salad.In Holland,carrots,onions,and potatoes are country food.People in some countries call the carrot“Queen(女王)”， Potatoes-They have two other names- “apples in the forest'”and“the second bread". 1.Why do people put an onion in their hands in Egypt? A.Because the onion is a symbol of truth there. B.Because the onion tastes good for them. C.Because the onion can bring people good luck. D.Because people often pick onions for each other. 2.What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.The town.B.The show. C.The onion.D.The Onion Festival. 3.Which of the following is the structure (结构)of the passage? 0 0 0 ① ②③④ @ ③④⑤ ②③④⑤ 百 A B c D 理解 第四部分 四 记叙文 心胸要宽广 When I was young,I almost failed in everything.I became very disheartened, sighing(叹息)miserably all day.Having seen me like that,my father decided to cheer me up. One day,he gave me a cup of water and asked me to taste it.I found it salty. My father said he just put one small spoon- ful of salt in the cup.And then,he led me to a lake,where he scattered a big handful of salt into the lake,scooped up(舀起)a spoon of water and let me taste it again. He asked,“Does it still taste salty?”“Not at all,”I said.My father said,“Now,you may know the reason for your pain:you are just a cup of water,but not a lake.To be a lake and you won't feel miserable any more.” I came to understand my father'mo- tives:That I feel miserable is because my heart is as small as a cup of water without great dreams as a lake. To be a lake with great dreams,your pain of failure will be melted(融化)quickly like salt scattered into the lake. l.The underlined word“miserable”in Par- agraph2 means“ ” A.surprised B.salty C.lonely D.sad 2.Why did father lead me to a lake? A.Because he wanted me to be happy. B.Because he wanted to teach me a les- son. C.Because he wanted to enjoy the beauty of the lake. D.Because he wanted me to drink the water from the lake. 3.If the writer follows his father's sugges- tion,he A.will never fail B.must be successful C.will be peaceful in mind D.must be a hero >)》》》>>73(四) [语篇解读]本文主要讲述了罗宾试图抓住河里 的项链，最终发现河里的项链实际上是其影子。 l.B[细节理解题。根据“He decided to catch it so that he could get the reward.”可知，他决定 抓住项链，这样他就可以得到奖赏。故选B。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据“He put his hand in the dirty river and tried to catch the necklace,but somehow missed it..He tried again.”及“He decided to give it a final try.”可知，他尝试了三 次。故选B。] 3.C[推理判断题。根据“Maybe you should try looking up,towards the branches of the tree, instead of in the dirty river.”可知，老人建议罗 宾抬头看看，说明老人很有智慧，而罗宾没有发 现问题，他是愚蠢的。故选C。] 4.D[主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，通过一 则故事告诉我们，有时要转换思维方式，故 选D。] 第四讲词义猜测题 专项集训 (一) [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了Mary在新学校参 加的最喜欢的社团一社区志愿者社团，以及她 在社团里的活动和感受。 l.A[词义猜测题。根据“One of my favourite clubs is the Community Volunteers..”可知， Mary参加的是社区志愿者社团。所以serve表 示“服务”。故选A。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据“Mrs.Brown organizes our club.She says that I am really good with children..”可知Brown夫人说Mary很善于和 孩子们相处。故选B。门 3.C[细节理解题。根据“Some of the old people are blind.We want to help them to read books.”可知， Mary他们想帮助失明的老人读书。故选C。] 4.A[推理判断题。根据“Can you tell me some thing about your new friends there?Please write to me soon..”可知，Mary让Jenny在回信 中告诉她一些关于Jenny新朋友的事情。所以 Jenny在下一封邮件中可能会写关于她的新朋 友的内容。故选A。] 5,D[主旨大意题。文章开头就提到社区志愿 者，后面围绕着在社区志愿者社团里做的事情、 感受等展开叙述。所以文章主要讲的是Mary 最喜欢的社团。选项D“Mary最喜欢的社团” 符合主旨。故选D。] (二) [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作 者学校的一些考试规则。 l.C[细节理解题。根据“No.l:Arrive at the examination room on time.You'd better arrive at the examination room at least(至少)l5mi nutes before the exam starts.If you are late, you may not be able to come into the exam 参考答案 ro0m.”可知，在赵杰的学校，学生应该至少在考 试开始前15分钟到达考场。故选C。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据“No.3:Don't bring smart phones or smart watches to the examina- tion room.You can only take the school things with you,such as student ID cards,rulers, pencils,.and some other tools..”可知，在赵杰的 学校，考生不能带智能手机和智能手表进入考 场，选项中只有智能手表符合题意，故选B。] 3.D[词义猜测题。根据“You can only take the school things with you,such as student ID cards,rulers,pencils,and some other tools." 可知，考生只能带学生证、尺子、铅笔等学习用 品，由此可推测“t0ols”指的是学习工具，故 选D。] 4.B[细节理解题。根据“No.1”“No.2”“No.3”可 知，赵杰告诉了我们三条考试规则，故选B。] 5.B[推理判断题。文章主要介绍了赵杰学校的 考试规则，与学校生活有关，所以最有可能出现 在教科书的“Unit3 School Life”单元中，故 选B。] (三) [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述 了食物很有趣，不同的食物在不同的国家有不同 的含义。 l.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In Egypt, many farmers use the onion as a symbol(象征) of truth(事实).When they have different ideas from each other,they often have an onion in their hands and put it up high to show the truth is in their hands.”可知，在埃及人们把洋 葱放在手中的原因是因为在那里洋葱是事实的 象征。故选A。] 2.D[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“A town in Switzerland has the Onion Festival.It is on the fourth Monday of November.”可知，瑞士的一 个小镇有洋葱节，它是在十一月的第四个星期 一，所以划线词指代的是上文中的“the Onion Festival'”。故选D。] 3.B[篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段引出主题； 第二段到第五段举例说明不同的食物在不同的 国家有不同的含义，所以B项正确。故选B。] (四) [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述 了我过去因为诸事不顺而灰心丧气，父亲通过杯 子里的盐水和湖里的盐水让我明白，人只有心胸 宽广才不会因为小事而苦恼。 l.D[词义猜测题。根据第二段“Now,you may know the reason for your pain:you are just a cup of water,but not a lake.To be a lake and you won't feel miserable any more.”可知痛苦 的来源是心胸不够宽广，心胸宽广就不会因小 事痛苦，故划线单词表示人情绪上低落不开心， 故选D。] >>>>>>>>107 衔接教材一本通 2.A[细节理解题。根据“Having seen me like that,my father decided to cheer me up.One day,he gave me a cup of water...And then, he led me to a lake..”可知爸爸带我去湖边是 因为想让我振作起来。故选A。] 3.C[推理判断题。根据“To be a lake with great dreams,your pain of failure will be mel- ted(融化)quickly like salt scattered into the lake.”可知只要遵照父亲的建议，就会逐渐心胸 宽广，不再灰心丧气，焦虑不安，故而会心情平 静，故选C。] 第五部分完形填空 专项集训 (一) [语篇解读]本文介绍了丽莎让他的儿子学会做 家务，学会生活技巧和责任的故事。 1.B[句意：她根据她的孩子的年龄，给他们能做 的事情。must必须；can能够；may可以；will 将。根据“She gives her children things that they 1 do according to their ages.”可知，此 处表示能力，给他们能做的事情，故用情态动词 can。故选B。] 2.A[句意：她开始让她的两个儿子中年长的约 翰帮助洗碗。elder年长的；taller更高的； younger更年轻的；shorter更矮的；根据“Itis now an easy chore 3 the 15-year-old boy. His13-year-old brother,Dave,”可知约翰l5 岁，戴维13岁，因此约翰是年长的，故选A。] 3.C[句意：现在它对于一个15岁的男孩来说这 是一件容易的家务。with用；as作为；for对于； by通过；lt's十形容词+for sb.to do sth.表示 “做某事对于某人来说是…”，故选C。] 4.D[句意：他的13岁的弟弟戴维也帮助他。 likes喜欢；finds找到；hates憎恨；helps帮助； 根据“They take turns(轮流)washing the 5 each week.”可知弟弟戴维在帮助他一起 做家务，故选D。] 5.D[句意：他们每周轮流洗衣服。hands手； food食物；fruit水果；clothes衣服；根据“The boys also clean their study tables,make their beds”可知，此处应是做家务，wash clothes'“洗 衣服”，故选D。] 6.C[句意：在星期日的早上，男孩们也打扫书 桌，整理床铺，从市场上买食物。borrow借； cook煮；buy买；sell卖；根据后文的“Besides (除了)these,the boys also know how to cook easy meals'”可知，从市场上买食物。] 7.A[句意：除此之外，在他们的父母不在家时， 男孩们也知道如何做些简单的饭。when 当…时候；how如何；what什么；why为什 么。根据前半句“the boys also know how to cook easy meals'”可知此处表示父母不在家，自 己做饭，故选A。] 8.C[句意：虽然四口之家住在一座大房子里，但 是他们自己做家务。two二；three三；four四； 108(<(<(< 英语 five五。结合上文可知约翰家有他的父母，他 和弟弟戴维，一共四口人，故选C。] 9.D[句意：丽莎说：“在我小时候，我父亲想让我 独立地做事，学会如何照顾自己”。work on从 事；live in居住；look at看；take care of照看，照 顾。根据前文的“When I was young,myfa ther wanted us to do things on our own”可知 要独立做事，因此表示照顾好自己，故选D。] 10.B[句意：做家务是很好的。difficult困难的； good好的；bad坏的；boring无聊的。根据后文 的“You can learn important life skills and re- sponsibility(责任).”可知此处表示做家务的好 处。故选B。] (二) [语篇解读]本文讲述了John做的一次梦。 l.D[句意：我肯定在太空！water水；palace宫 殿；town城镇；space太空。根据“He looked around and saw lots of stars and planets around him.”可知是在太空，故选D。] 2.B[句意：他低头一看，发现自己穿着字航服。 met遇见；found发现；hoped希望；remembered 记得。根据“that he was wearing a spacesuit'” 可知是指发现自己穿着宇航服。故选B。] 3.C[句意：他对不同的行星和恒星非常着迷。 sorry for抱款；afraid of害怕；crazy about 对…着迷；proud of对…自豪。根据“John had always wanted to be an astronaut..”可知是 对不同的行星和恒星非常着迷。故选C。] 4.A[句意：他首先看到木星，因为它是最大的。 because因为；if如果；although虽然；till直到。 前后句是因果关系，故选A。] 5.B[句意：它看起来和照片中一样红。sounded 听起来；looked看起来；tasted尝起来；smelt闻 起来。根据“as red as'”可知是指看起来，故 选B。] 6.C[句意：下一个星球让他很惊讶。missed错 过；satisfied使满意；surprised使惊讶；changed 改变。根据“It is even more incredible(难以置 信的)than I thought it would be”可知他很吃 惊，故选C。] 7.A[句意：他简直不敢相信这个星球上的绿色 和蓝色看起来有多棒。believe相信；feel感觉； report报道；decide决定。根据“He could not 7 how great the greens and blues on the planet looked..”可知是指简直不敢相信这个星 球上的绿色和蓝色看起来有多棒。故选A。] 8.D[句意：这是他一生中见过的最美丽的东西。 never从不；yet然而；before在…之前；ever 曾经。根据“he had8 seen in his life”可知 是指曾经见过的最美丽的东西。故选D。] 9.B[句意：约翰想到了这个问题。gift礼物； question问题；plan计划；trouble麻烦。根据 “How is this happening?”可知是指想到了这个 问题。故选B。]