内容正文:
语法衔接
第二部分
第八讲
动词的语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系,分为主动语态和被动语态
两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态形式是:情态动
知识清
词十be十过去分词
般现在时的被动语态is/am/are done
He must be prevented from going.
般过去时的被动语态
was/were done
被般
般将来时的被动语态w/shall be done
必须阻止他去。
动
过去将来时的被动语态would be done
The plan ought to be put into practice as
语进t现在进行时的被动语态is/am/are十being十done
soon as possible.
态
行过去进行时的被动语态was/were十being十done
这项计划应该尽早执行。
完(现在完成时的被动语态have/has十been十done
成{过去完成时的被动语态had been-十done
(3)“get十过去分词”可以表示被动,此结
构比较口语化。
名师讲园
The patient got treated once a week.
[考点-]
被动语态的用法
那位病人一周治疗一次。
用法
He fell off the car and got killed.
例句
他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了
Attention,please!A meeting
[链接中考]
will be held in the office at 8:00
不知道或
1.(2024·北京中考)Chinese
by
a.m.tomorrow.Everyone is
没有必要
more and more people around the world
指明动作
expected to attend on time.
注意!明天上午八点在办公
these days.
的执行者
室召开会议。望大家准时
A.speaks
B.spoke
参加。
C.is spoken
D.was spoken
[解析]句意:如今,世界上越来越多的
强调或突
出动作的
The woman was taken to hospi-
人说汉语。考查动词的时态和语态。分
析句子结构可知,主语“Chinese”和动词
承受者
tal.那位女士被送进了医院。
speak之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,
排除选项A和B选项;根据时间状语
动作执行
The idea was supported by those
者被较长
“these days'”及句意可知,此处描述客观
who wished to make much mon-
事实,时态应用一般现在时。故选C。
的修饰语
ey.想挣许多钱的人们支持那个
修饰
主意。
[答案]C
2.(2024·四川乐山中考)一There has
[名师点津]
been less and less pollution in Leshan
(1)动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓
these years.
语时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
-The government has made a great ef-
The plan will be given up.
fort on it.I'm sure this problem
这项计划就要被放弃了。
one day in the future.
Bad habits have been done away with
A.was solved
B.solves
坏习惯已经改掉了。
C.will be solved
D.are solved
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衔接教材一本通
英语
[解析]句意:—这些年来,乐山的污
[解析]
句意:一你看起来沮丧!怎
染越来越少。
—政府在这方面做了很
么了?
因为我的妈妈。在家我经常
大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一
被迫做许多家务。考查make被动语态
天会得到解决。考查动词语态。此处主
的用法。make“使,让”,使役动词,后面
语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被
加省略0的动词不定式作其宾语补足
动关系,且结合“in the future”可知是指
语,而make用于被动语态时,其后动词
未来,因此此处需用一般将来时的被动
不定式的t0要还原。
语态,形式为will be done。故选C。
[答案]C
[答案]C
2.(2021·春考)-Sir,the windows
[考点二]使役动词和感官动词变被动
white.
语态
使役动词(如make,let等)及感官动词
Well done.You did a good job.
(如hear,feel,watch,see等),在主动语
A.have painted
态句子中后面接不带to的动词不定式
B.has painted
(短语)作宾语补足语,在被动语态句子
C.has been painted
中后面要接带to的动词不定式(短语)作
D.have been painted
主语补足语。
[解析]句意:—先生,窗子已被刷成
[链接中考]
白色了。
很好。你干的很好。win
(湖北随州)He was made
the
dows和paint存在被动关系,又强调结
text loudly by the teacher just now.
果,故用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是
A.read
B.to read
the windows,故选D。
C.reading
[答案]D
[解析]句意:刚才老师让他大声读课
3.(2019·春考)-May I borrow this
文。使役动词转变成被动语态时,要接
book?
带t0的动词不定式作主语补足语。
-Of course.This book
for
[答案]B
two weeks.
[考点三]双宾语的主动语态变被动语态
A.can keep
B.can be kept
含有双宾语的主动语态句子变为被动语态
C.can borrow
D.can be borrowed
句子时,如果直接宾语作句子的主语,那么
[解析]句意:一我可以借这本书
间接宾语前需要加介词to或for。如:
吗?
一当然可以。这本书你能借两星
1.He gave her some money.
期。borrow是短暂性动词不能和一段时间
--Some money was given to her by him.
2.He bought me a gift.
连用;但keep可以和一段时间连用,This
A gift was bought for me by him.
book和keep存在被动关系。故选B。
[答案]B
通痘售
专顶集
1.(2023·春考)-You look upset!What's
wrong?
I,用所给动词的适当形式填空
-It's my mother.I am often made
1.-Can I move into the new room?
a lot of chores at home.
-No,you can't.It
(paint)soon.
A.do
B.doing
2.Football
(add)to our school
C.to do
D.done
subjects last year.
36(((<<
语法衔接
第二部分
3.-What tools
(use)to make
5.(2024·山东菏泽中考)一More and more
paper-cutting?
young people like to wear Hanfu.
Scissors.
Yes.It's said that most of the Chinese
4.A baby's first month birthday is a special
traditional clothes
in Heze,
event in China and
(celebrate)
Shandong.
with a special party.
A.are producing
B.will produce
5.Teenagers should
educate)
C.are produced
D.will be produced
to take care of themselves from a young age.
6.(2024·黑龙江绥化中考)The tea
6.More trees must
(plant)ev-
in China
to many differ-
ery year.
ent countries and places each year.
7.The girl is made
(stay)at
A.is made;sent
home by him.
B.made;sent
8.Iook!The bridge
(repair).
C.made;is sent
9.You
(punish)if you break the
D.is made;is sent
traffic rules.
7.(2024·黄岗中考)A new airport
10.1t
(believe)that the couple
in this city next year.
have left the country.
A.builds
B.is built
Ⅱ.单项选择
C.will built
D,will be built
1.(2024·天津中考)Lao She wrote many
plays and he
“the People's
[中华文化荟萃]
Artist'”.
The Double Seventh Festival(七夕节)
A.names
B.named
The Double Seventh Festival,on
C.was named
D.has named
the 7th day of the 7th lunar month,is a
2.(2024·四川乐山中考)一A fashion
traditional festival full of romance
show
in our school hall next
)It is called China's Valentine's
week.
Day.This festival is in mid-summer.At
-Great!I'm looking forward to it!
night when the sky is dotted with stars,
A.holds
B.is held
people can see the Milky Way spanning
C.was held
D.will be held
from the north to the south.On each
3.(2024·甘肃临夏中考)Many trees
every year to protect the environ
bank of it is a bright star,which sees
each other from afar.
ment.
A.plant
B.are planted
七夕节
C.were planted
D.have planted
农历七月七日的七夕节是一个充满
4.(2024·河北中考)Emma got excited
浪漫色彩的传统节日,被称为中国的情人
when her writing
as a model in
节。这个节日在仲夏。夜晚,当天空布满
class.
星星时,人们可以看到从北到南的银河系。
A.reads
B.read
在它的每一边都有一颗明亮的星星,从远
C.is read
D.was read
处可以看到彼此
37第七讲动词的时态
专项集训
I 1.has 2.plays 3.rode 4.took 5.is;will
be 6.will be 7.taking 8.singing 9.was rai-
ning 10.was playing 11.has gone 12.have
worked 13.had pained 14.had made
15.would visit
Ⅱ.
1.A[句意:中国每年有很多人乘坐高铁出行。
考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“every year'”
可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选A。]
2.C[句意:—Amy,你昨天晚上没接我的电
话。你在干什么?一对不起,我没听到铃声。
我当时正在书房里读书。考查动词的时态。am
reading现在进行时;have read现在完成时;was
reading过去进行时;will read一般将来时。根
据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you
doing?”可知,此处是在描述过去某一时间正在
进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选C。]
3.C[句意:嗨,约翰!有什么事吗?你打电话的
时候我正在洗澡。考查过去进行时。根据
“L..a shower when you called.”可知,强调在
过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作,用过去进
行时。故选C。]
4.D[句意:看!学生们正在公园里上艺术课。
考查时态。根据“L00k”可知此处表示动作正在
进行,用现在进行时,主语是名词复数,be动词
用are。故选D。]
5.D[句意:—你知道“一带一路”吗?—知
道,从开始到现在已经有10多年了。考查现在
完成时。根据“it..over 10 years since it
started”可知,此处强调时间的延续,是“现在完
成时十since-十一般过去时”结构,故选D。]
6.D[句意:—这个星期天,简和我打算去野
餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗?—当然。到时
见。考查动词时态。根据“this Sunday”可知,
这个星期天要去野餐,事情发生在将来,时态是
一般将来时,结构是will do或be doing to do。
故选D。]
第八讲动词的语态
专项集训
I.1.will be painted 2.was added 3.are
used 4.is celebrated 5.be educated 6.be
planted 7.to stay 8.is being repaired 9.will
be punished 10.is believed
Ⅱ.
1.C[句意:老舍写了很多戏剧,被称为“人民艺
术家”。考查被动语态。分析句子可知,此处指
老舍被称为“人民艺术家”,主语he和谓语
name之间是被动关系,应为被动语态,结构是
be done。故选C。]
参考答案
2.D[句意:一下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一
场时装秀。—太棒了!我很期待。考查时态
和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之
间是被动关系,根据“next week”可知此处用一
般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。]
3.B[句意:为了保护环境,每年都要种很多树。
考查被动语态。分析题千可知,主语trees和动
词plant“种植”之间是被动关系,结合“every
year”可知,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故
选B。]
4.D[句意:当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作范文
朗读时,她很兴奋。考查一般过去时的被动语
态。本句主语是动作的承受者,结合“Emma
got excited”可知,动作发生在过去,所以用一般
过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。]
5.C[句意:越来越多的年轻人喜欢穿汉
服。一是的。据说大部分中国传统服装都产
自山东菏泽。考查被动语态。主语“most of
the Chinese traditional clothes”和动词“pro
duce”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态(be
done)。故选C。]
6.C[句意:中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的
国家和地方。考查被动语态和过去分词用法。
tea与send之间是动宾关系,用被动语态,is
sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定
语,修饰tea。故选C。]
7.D[句意:明年,这个城市将建一所新的飞机
场。A new airport和build存在被动关系,再根
据next year可知,句子应用一般将来时的被动
语态。]
第九讲主谓一致
专项集训
I.1.has 2.are 3.has been 4.goes 5.is
6.comes 7.Is 8.are 9.were invited 10.is
Ⅱ.
1.C[句意:或者邀请你或者邀请我去参加这个
重要的会议。either..or.·或者…或者
…;要么…要么……,作主语时,谓语按“就
近原则”决定单复数。本题中空格前是I,be动
词用am,故选C。]
2.D[句意:院子里只有几只动物,其他的都困在
笼子里睡觉。考查主谓一致。there be句型表
示“有”,不能与have和has一起连用,animals
是复数形式,be动词用are,故选D。]
3.C[句意:会议开始时,除了迈克和琳达,其他
人都在。考查主谓一致。except连接的主语,
谓语动词遵循“就远原则”,此处与Everybody
一致,不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数,句子
陈述的是过去的事情,动词用was,故选C。]
4.D[句意:一半的男孩没有完成家庭作业,因为
有些练习真的很难。考查主谓一致。“half of
the boys'”作主语视作复数形式,所以第一空助
>>>97