专题04 非谓语动词专项学案(福建中考专用・2026年)
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专题04 非谓语动词专项学案(福建中考专用・2026 版)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析中考考向,明确复习重点
知识梳理·方法技巧 中考高频考点精讲,直击得分点
知识点01 动词不定式(to do)(福建中考必考)
知识点02 动名词(doing) 知识点03 分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
知识点04 非谓语动词易混辨析(福建中考高频易错点)
考场练兵·分层实战 基础 + 提升 + 中考真题 + 2026 热点预测
考情透视·目标导航
常考题型
核心考点
中考命题趋势
单项选择
完形填空
短文填空
看图写话
1. 不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语
2. 动名词作主语、宾语(固定搭配)
3. 分词作定语、宾语补足语
4. 易混结构辨析:stop/remember/forget to do vs doing
1. 必考 1-2 题,单项选择、短文填空占比 85%
2. 语境紧扣 2026 热点:天舟九号、AI 教育、绿色低碳、泉州世遗、伏季休渔
3. 只考基础高频用法,不考复杂非谓语结构
4. 易错点集中:省略 to 的不定式、固定搭配混淆
知识梳理·方法技巧
一、核心概念
非谓语动词是指在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式,包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)。它们在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
二、非谓语动词核心考点速记表
非谓语形式
基本结构
核心含义
中考占比
动词不定式
to + 动词原形
表目的、将来、具体动作
50%(必考)
动名词
动词 - ing
表习惯、抽象、主动
30%(高频)
现在分词
动词 - ing
表主动、进行
15%(常考)
过去分词
动词 - ed / 不规则变化
表被动、完成
5%(基础)
三、福建中考高频固定搭配汇总
1.不定式作宾语(必考)
want to do, hope to do, decide to do, plan to do, learn to do, agree to do, refuse to do, offer to do, begin to do, start to do
2. 不定式作宾补(必考)
ask sb. to do, tell sb. to do, allow sb. to do, encourage sb. to do, invite sb. to do, expect sb. to do, advise sb. to do, warn sb. to do
3. 动名词作宾语(高频)
enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing, avoid doing, consider doing, miss doing, imagine doing
四、速记口诀
非谓语,三形式,to do ,doing 和 done;
不定式,表目的,将来具体要牢记;
动名词,表习惯,抽象主动作主语;
现在分词表进行,过去分词表被动;
固定搭配背熟练,易错点要记清楚。
知识点01 动词不定式(to do)(福建中考必考)
一、核心结构
基本形式:to + 动词原形(否定形式:not to do)
二、核心用法
句子成分
用法说明
常见句型
主语
常用 it 作形式主语,真正主语后置
It's + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
宾语
后接不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, decide, plan, learn, agree, refuse 等
want to do sth.; decide to do sth.
宾语补足语
后接不定式作宾补的动词:ask, tell, allow, encourage, invite 等
ask sb. to do sth.; tell sb. not to do sth.
定语
不定式作定语后置,修饰名词
something to eat; a chance to learn
状语
常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语
come here to study; be glad to see you
三、必背句型
1.It's + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
2.主语 + want/hope/decide/plan/learn/agree/refuse + to do sth.
3.主语 + ask/tell/allow/encourage/invite + sb. + to do sth.
4.too + adj. + to do sth.(太… 而不能)
5.adj./n. + enough + to do sth.(足够… 去做某事)
典例01
It's important for us ______ (protect) the ocean environment.
【答案】to protect
【解析】句意:对我们来说,保护海洋环境很重要。考点:不定式作主语。句型:It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.。易错提醒:it 作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式。
典例02
Our teacher often encourages us ______ (speak) English loudly in class.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们的老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上大声说英语。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.。易错提醒:encourage 后必须接不定式作宾补。
中|考|易|错|警|示
1.省略 to 的情况:使役动词(make/let/have)+ 感官动词(see/hear/watch)后接宾补时省略 to;被动语态中必须还原 to
✅ The teacher made me clean the classroom.
✅ I was made to clean the classroom.
2.否定形式:not to do(not 必须放在 to 前面)
✅ Tell the students not to play football in the street.
即时检测
1.We decided ______ (go) to Wulin Village to watch the puppet show this weekend.
【答案】to go
【解析】句意:我们决定这个周末去梧林村看木偶戏。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:decide to do sth.。
2.The teacher told the students ______ (not play) football in the street.
【答案】not to play
【解析】句意:老师告诉学生们不要在街上踢足球。考点:不定式的否定形式。固定搭配:tell sb. not to do sth.。
3. I have something important ______ (tell) you.
【答案】to tell
【解析】句意:我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。考点:不定式作定语。易错提醒:不定式作定语后置,修饰不定代词 something。
2026 中考预测题(AI 热点)
1. Many students use AI tools ______ (improve) their English pronunciation.
【答案】to improve
【解析】句意:许多学生使用人工智能工具来提高他们的英语发音。考点:不定式作目的状语。易错提醒:表示目的用不定式。
2. The AI robot is made ______ people do heavy work in factories.
A. help B. to help C. helping
【答案】B
【解析】句意:人工智能机器人被制造出来帮助人们在工厂里做重活。考点:使役动词被动语态中不定式还原 to。易错提醒:make 在主动语态中省略 to,被动语态中必须还原 to。
3.看图写话
提示词:use, AI tool, study math
【答案】The boy uses an AI tool to study math.
【解析】句意:这个男孩使用人工智能工具学习数学。考点:不定式作目的状语。易错提醒:表示工具的用途用不定式。
知识点02 动名词(doing)
一、核心结构
基本形式:动词原形 + -ing(否定形式:not doing)
二、核心用法
句子成分
用法说明
常见句型 / 搭配
主语
动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数
Doing sth. is + adj.
宾语
后接动名词作宾语的动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep, suggest 等
enjoy doing sth.; finish doing sth.
介词宾语
介词后接动名词作宾语
be good at doing sth.; thank you for doing sth.
定语
动名词作定语,说明名词的用途
a swimming pool; a reading room
三、必背句型
1.后接动名词作宾语的动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep, suggest, avoid, consider
2.介词 + 动名词:be good at, look forward to, be afraid of, thank you for, be interested in, spend...(in) doing
典例01
______ (Plant) trees is a good way to protect the environment.
【答案】Planting
【解析】句意:植树是保护环境的好方法。考点:动名词作主语。易错提醒:动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
典例02
Have you finished ______ (write) your report about Tianzhou-9?
A. write B. to write C. writing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你写完关于天舟九号的报告了吗?考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:finish doing sth.。易错提醒:finish 后只能接动名词作宾语。
中|考|易|错|警|示
1.look forward to中 to 是介词,后接动名词,不是不定式
✅ I'm looking forward to visiting the Space Science Exhibition.
2.动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数
✅ Listening to Nanyin is relaxing.
中|考|解|题|技|巧
看到 enjoy, finish, practice, mind 等动词,以及介词 at, for, about 等,优先考虑动名词。
即时检测
1.My sister practices ______ (play) the piano every day.
【答案】playing
【解析】句意:我妹妹每天练习弹钢琴。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:practice doing sth.。
2.We are looking forward to ______ (visit) the Space Science Exhibition.
【答案】visiting
【解析】句意:我们期待着参观太空科学展。考点:介词后接动名词。固定搭配:look forward to doing sth.。
3.Would you mind ______ (open) the window? It's too hot.
【答案】opening
【解析】句意:你介意打开窗户吗?太热了。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:mind doing sth.。
2026 中考预测题(环保热点)
1.Many students enjoy ______ (take) part in beach cleaning activities.
【答案】taking
【解析】句意:许多学生喜欢参加海滩清洁活动。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:enjoy doing sth.。
2.短文填空
We should keep ______ (protect) the ocean. Thank you for ______ (join) our volunteer team. We are good at ______ (make) posters to tell people about environmental protection.
【答案】protecting; joining; making
【解析】1. 句意:我们应该继续保护海洋。固定搭配:keep doing sth.。2. 句意:谢谢你加入我们的志愿队。介词 for 后接动名词。3. 句意:我们擅长制作海报来告诉人们关于环境保护的知识。固定搭配:be good at doing sth.。
知识点03 分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
一、核心结构
现在分词:动词原形 + -ing(表示主动、进行)
过去分词:动词原形 + -ed(规则动词)/ 不规则变化(表示被动、完成)
二、核心用法
句子成分
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
定语
修饰名词,表示主动或进行a running boy(一个正在跑的男孩)
修饰名词,表示被动或完成a broken window(一扇破碎的窗户)
宾语补足语
表示动作正在进行see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事)
表示动作已完成或被动have sth. done(让某事被做)
状语
表示伴随、原因等He sat there, reading a book.
表示被动、原因等Given more time, I can do it better.
三、核心区别
用法
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
中考考频
定语
表主动、进行a running boy(正在跑的男孩)
表被动、完成a broken window(破碎的窗户)
★★
宾补
表动作正在进行see sb. doing sth.
表动作已完成 / 被动have sth. done
★★★
四、必背句型
1.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事)
2.see/hear/watch sb. do sth.(看见某人做了某事全过程)
3.have sth. done(让某事被做)
典例01
The girl ______ (sing) over there is my cousin.
【答案】singing
【解析】句意:在那边唱歌的那个女孩是我的表妹。考点:现在分词作定语。易错提醒:现在分词作定语,修饰名词,表示主动和进行。
典例02
I heard someone ______ (knock) at the door when I was watching TV.
A. knock B. knocking C. to knock
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我正在看电视的时候,听到有人在敲门。考点:现在分词作宾语补足语。易错提醒:表示动作正在进行,用现在分词。
中|考|易|错|警|示
现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动
✅ The old man making paper cutting is a famous artist.(主动)
✅ The puppet show performed by the artists was wonderful.(被动)
中|考|解|题|技|巧
看到 see, hear, watch 等感官动词,若表示动作正在进行,用现在分词;若表示动作全过程,用省略 to 的不定式。
即时检测
1.The ______ (break) glass needs to be replaced.
【答案】broken
【解析】句意:破碎的玻璃需要更换。考点:过去分词作定语。易错提醒:过去分词作定语,表示被动和完成。
2.We watched the children ______ (play) basketball on the playground.
【答案】playing/play
【解析】句意:我们看着孩子们在操场上打篮球。考点:现在分词 / 不定式作宾语补足语。易错提醒:playing 表示正在进行,play 表示全过程。
3.He had his bike ______ (repair) yesterday.
【答案】repaired
【解析】句意:他昨天把自行车修好了。考点:过去分词作宾语补足语。固定搭配:have sth. done。
2026 中考预测题(非遗热点)
1.The old man ______ (make) paper cutting is a famous artist.
【答案】making
【解析】句意:正在剪纸的那位老人是一位著名的艺术家。考点:现在分词作定语。易错提醒:现在分词作定语,修饰名词,表示主动和进行。
2.We saw the puppet show ______ (perform) by the artists yesterday.
A. perform B. performing C. performed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:昨天我们看了艺术家们表演的木偶戏。考点:过去分词作宾语补足语。易错提醒:木偶戏是被表演的,用过去分词表示被动。
知识点04 非谓语动词易混辨析(福建中考高频易错点)
易混结构
含义
典型例句
stop to do
停下来去做另一件事
Let's stop to have a rest.
stop doing
停止正在做的事
Stop talking in class.
remember to do
记得要去做某事(未做)
Remember to turn off the computers after class.
remember doing
记得做过某事(已做)
I remember meeting you somewhere before.
forget to do
忘记要去做某事(未做)
Don't forget to bring your homework.
forget doing
忘记做过某事(已做)
I forgot sending the email.
try to do
努力做某事
I tried to work out the math problem.
try doing
尝试做某事
Try using this new AI tool.
典例01
When the teacher came in, the students stopped ______ (talk).
【答案】talking
【解析】句意:老师进来时,学生们停止了说话。考点:stop doing sth.。易错提醒:停止正在做的事,用动名词。
典例02
Don't forget ______ (bring) your homework to school tomorrow.
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:明天别忘了把作业带到学校来。考点:forget to do sth.。易错提醒:忘记要去做某事,用不定式。
中|考|易|错|警|示
❌ 错误:Please remember turning off the lights when you leave.
✅ 正确:Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.(未做)
❌ 错误:I forgot to lock the door. I locked it just now.
✅ 正确:I forgot locking the door. I locked it just now.(已做)
中|考|解|题|技|巧
根据句意判断动作是否已经发生,未发生用不定式,已发生用动名词。
即时检测
1.I remember ______ (meet) you somewhere before.
【答案】meeting
【解析】句意:我记得以前在某个地方见过你。考点:remember doing sth.。易错提醒:记得做过某事,用动名词。
2.Let's stop ______ (have) a rest. We are too tired.
【答案】to have
【解析】句意:让我们停下来休息一下。我们太累了。考点:stop to do sth.。易错提醒:停下来去做另一件事,用不定式。
2026 中考预测题(校园热点)
1.Please remember ______ (turn) off the computers after class.
【答案】to turn
【解析】句意:请记得下课后关掉电脑。考点:remember to do sth.。易错提醒:记得要去做某事,用不定式。
2.I tried ______ (work) out the math problem, but I failed. Then I tried ______ (ask) the teacher for help.
A. to work; to ask B. working; asking C. to work; asking
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我努力算出这道数学题,但失败了。然后我试着向老师求助。考点:try to do vs try doing。易错提醒:努力做某事用 try to do,尝试做某事用 try doing。
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(全员必会・测试时间:10 分钟)
1.It's necessary for us ______ (learn) English well.
【答案】to learn
【解析】句意:对我们来说,学好英语很有必要。考点:不定式作主语。固定句型:It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.,其中 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。易错提醒:不要直接用 learn 作主语,必须用不定式形式。
2.My mother often asks me ______ (help) with housework.
【答案】to help
【解析】句意:我妈妈经常叫我帮忙做家务。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:ask sb. to do sth.(叫某人做某事)。易错提醒:ask 后必须接带 to 的不定式作宾补,不能省略 to。
3.He enjoys ______ (listen) to Minnan Nanyin in his free time.
【答案】listening
【解析】句意:他空闲时喜欢听闽南南音。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事)。易错提醒:enjoy 后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。
4.Have you finished ______ (clean) your bedroom?
【答案】cleaning
【解析】句意:你打扫完你的卧室了吗?考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:finish doing sth.(完成做某事)。易错提醒:finish 后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。
5.The boy was seen ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now.
【答案】playing
【解析】句意:刚才有人看到那个男孩在操场上打篮球。考点:现在分词作宾语补足语。固定搭配:see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事),强调动作正在进行。易错提醒:如果表示看到动作的全过程,用 see sb. do sth.(省略 to 的不定式)。
6.I want ______ (visit) the Kaiyuan Temple this weekend.
A. visit B. to visit C. visiting
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个周末我想去参观开元寺。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:want to do sth.(想要做某事)。易错提醒:want 后只能接带 to 的不定式作宾语,不能接动名词。
7.Thank you for ______ (invite) me to your birthday party.
A. invite B. to invite C. inviting
【答案】C
【解析】句意:谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日派对。考点:动名词作介词宾语。固定搭配:thank you for doing sth.(感谢你做某事),for 是介词,后接动名词。易错提醒:介词后必须接动名词,不能接不定式。
8.The teacher made us ______ (read) English every morning.
A. read B. to read C. reading
【答案】A
【解析】句意:老师让我们每天早上读英语。考点:省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:make sb. do sth.(让某人做某事),使役动词 make 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。易错提醒:在被动语态中,to 必须还原,即 sb. be made to do sth.。
9.短文填空(环保主题)
Protecting the environment is very important. We should try 1. ______ (save) water and electricity. We should keep 2. ______ (plant) trees. We should avoid 3. ______ (use) plastic bags. Remember 4. ______ (sort) rubbish before throwing it away. Let's work together 5. ______ (make) our city more beautiful.
【答案】1. to save 2. planting 3. using 4. to sort 5. to make
【解析】1.句意:我们应该努力节约水电。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:try to do sth.(努力做某事)。
2.句意:我们应该坚持植树。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:keep doing sth.(坚持做某事)。
3.句意:我们应该避免使用塑料袋。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)。
4.句意:记得扔垃圾前先分类。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:remember to do sth.(记得要做某事,未做)。
5.句意:让我们一起努力,让我们的城市更美丽。考点:不定式作目的状语,表示动作的目的。
10.看图写话
提示词:decide, plant trees, tomorrow
【答案】We decide to plant trees tomorrow.
【解析】句意:我们决定明天去植树。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。易错提醒:decide 后只能接带 to 的不定式作宾语。
重难突破练(中等提升・测试时间:20 分钟)
1.The best way ______ (learn) English is to use it every day.
【答案】to learn
【解析】句意:学习英语最好的方法是每天使用它。考点:不定式作定语。固定结构:the best way to do sth.(做某事的最好方法),不定式作后置定语修饰名词 way。易错提醒:way 后接不定式作定语,不能接动名词。
2.I saw a little girl ______ (cry) in the street when I was walking home.
【答案】crying
【解析】句意:我走回家的时候,看到一个小女孩在街上哭。考点:现在分词作宾语补足语。固定搭配:see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事),强调动作正在进行。易错提醒:如果表示看到动作的全过程,用 see sb. do sth.。
3.He forgot ______ (send) the email, so he sent it again.
【答案】sending
【解析】句意:他忘了已经发过邮件了,所以又发了一遍。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:forget doing sth.(忘记做过某事,已做)。易错提醒:forget to do sth. 表示忘记要做某事(未做),注意根据语境区分。
4.The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular.
【答案】written
【解析】句意:莫言写的这本书很受欢迎。考点:过去分词作定语。过去分词 written 作后置定语修饰名词 book,表示被动和完成(书被写)。易错提醒:现在分词作定语表示主动,过去分词作定语表示被动。
5.My parents encourage me ______ (be) a volunteer in the summer holiday.
【答案】to be
【解析】句意:我父母鼓励我暑假去做志愿者。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事)。易错提醒:encourage 后必须接带 to 的不定式作宾补。
6.— Would you mind ______ me your dictionary?
— Of course not.
A. lend B. to lend C. lending
【答案】C
【解析】句意:—— 你介意把你的字典借给我吗?—— 当然不介意。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:mind doing sth.(介意做某事)。易错提醒:mind 后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。
7.The old man was too tired ______ any further.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这位老人太累了,走不动了。考点:不定式作结果状语。固定句型:too + adj. + to do sth.(太…… 而不能做某事)。易错提醒:该句型本身含有否定意义,不需要再加 not。
8.I heard someone ______ (call) my name when I was reading.
A. call B. to call C. calling
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我正在看书的时候,听到有人叫我的名字。考点:现在分词作宾语补足语。固定搭配:hear sb. doing sth.(听见某人正在做某事),强调动作正在进行。易错提醒:hear sb. do sth. 表示听到动作的全过程。
9.完形填空(航天主题)
Last week, our class went to the Space Science Museum. We saw many models of spaceships. The guide told us 1. ______ about Tianzhou-9. We watched a video about how it 2. ______ into space. We also saw some seeds 3. ______ from space. We all enjoyed 4. ______ the exhibition. We decided 5. ______ more about space science.
(1) A. something B. anything C. nothing
(2) A. sent B. was sent C. will be sent
(3) A. bring B. brought C. bringing
(4) A. visit B. to visit C. visiting
(5) A. learn B. to learn C. learning
【答案】(1) A (2) B (3) B (4) C (5) B
【解析】(1)句意:导游给我们讲了一些关于天舟九号的事情。考点:不定代词辨析。something 用于肯定句,表示 “一些事情”。(2)句意:我们看了一段关于它如何被送入太空的视频。考点:一般过去时的被动语态。天舟九号是被发射的,且动作发生在过去,用 was sent。(3)句意:我们还看到了一些从太空带回来的种子。考点:过去分词作定语。seeds 与 bring 之间是被动关系,用过去分词 brought 作后置定语。
(4)句意:我们都很喜欢参观这次展览。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:enjoy doing sth.。(5)句意:我们决定学习更多关于太空科学的知识。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:decide to do sth.。
10.看图写话
提示词:enjoy, watch, puppet show
【答案】We enjoy watching the puppet show.
【解析】句意:我们喜欢看木偶戏。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:enjoy doing sth.。易错提醒:enjoy 后只能接动名词作宾语。
综合拓展练(冲刺高分・测试时间:10 分钟)
1.It's very kind of you ______ (help) me with my English.
【答案】to help
【解析】句意:你真是太好了,帮我学英语。考点:不定式作主语。固定句型:It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.,当形容词表示人的品质(kind, nice, clever 等)时,用 of sb.。易错提醒:注意区分 It's + adj. + for sb. 和 It's + adj. + of sb. 的用法。
2.The doctor advised him ______ (give) up smoking.
【答案】to give
【解析】句意:医生建议他戒烟。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)。易错提醒:advise 后必须接带 to 的不定式作宾补。
3.I remember ______ (see) the film before, but I can't remember its name.
【答案】seeing
【解析】句意:我记得以前看过这部电影,但我不记得它的名字了。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:remember doing sth.(记得做过某事,已做)。易错提醒:remember to do sth. 表示记得要做某事(未做)。
4.The ______ (fall) leaves are beautiful in autumn.
【答案】fallen
【解析】句意:秋天的落叶很美。考点:过去分词作定语。fallen leaves 表示 “落叶”,强调动作已经完成。易错提醒:falling leaves 表示 “正在飘落的叶子”,强调动作正在进行。
5.She used to be afraid of ______ (speak) in public.
【答案】speaking
【解析】句意:她过去害怕在公共场合讲话。考点:动名词作介词宾语。固定搭配:be afraid of doing sth.(害怕做某事),of 是介词,后接动名词。易错提醒:介词后必须接动名词。
6.短文填空(AI + 非遗主题)
Nowadays, AI technology 1. ______ (use) in many fields. It can help us 2. ______ (learn) traditional culture better. For example, we can use AI tools 3. ______ (watch) digital puppet shows. Many young people enjoy 4. ______ (use) these tools. They hope 5. ______ (pass) down traditional skills to the next generation. We should try 6. ______ (combine) AI with traditional culture. Remember 7. ______ (not lose) our cultural roots. Let's work together 8. ______ (make) our culture more popular.
【答案】1. is used 2. (to) learn 3. to watch 4. using 5. to pass 6. to combine 7. not to lose 8. to make
【解析】1.句意:如今,人工智能技术被应用于许多领域。考点:一般现在时的被动语态。AI technology 与 use 之间是被动关系,用 is used。2.句意:它可以帮助我们更好地学习传统文化。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:help sb. (to) do sth.(帮助某人做某事),to 可以省略。3.句意:例如,我们可以使用人工智能工具观看数字木偶戏。考点:不定式作目的状语,表示使用工具的目的。4.句意:许多年轻人喜欢使用这些工具。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:enjoy doing sth.。5.句意:他们希望把传统技艺传给下一代。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:hope to do sth.(希望做某事)。6.句意:我们应该努力将人工智能与传统文化结合起来。考点:不定式作宾语。固定搭配:try to do sth.(努力做某事)。7.句意:记住不要失去我们的文化根基。考点:不定式的否定形式。固定搭配:remember not to do sth.(记得不要做某事)。8.句意:让我们一起努力,让我们的文化更受欢迎。考点:不定式作目的状语,表示动作的目的。
7.看图写话
提示词:ask, clean, classroom
【答案】The teacher asks us to clean the classroom every day.
【解析】句意:老师要求我们每天打扫教室。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:ask sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事)。易错提醒:ask 后必须接带 to 的不定式作宾补。
福建中考真题再现(2023-2025)
1.(2025 福建中考)Our teacher often tells us ______ more books in our free time.
A. read B. to read C. reading
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们的老师经常告诉我们在空闲时间多读书。考点:不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:tell sb. to do sth.(告诉某人做某事)。命题背景:本题结合 "阅读习惯培养" 的校园主题,是福建中考对不定式作宾补的经典考法。易错提醒:tell 后必须接带 to 的不定式作宾补,不能省略 to;不要误选动名词 reading。
2.(2024 福建中考)Would you mind ______ the window? It's a little cold.
A. close B. to close C. closing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你介意关上窗户吗?有点冷。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:mind doing sth.(介意做某事)。命题背景:本题结合日常交际场景,是福建中考对动名词作宾语的高频考法。易错提醒:mind 后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式;注意区分 mind doing 和 mind to do 的错误用法。
3.(2023 福建中考)I saw some boys ______ basketball when I passed the playground.
A. play B. playing C. to play
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我经过操场的时候,看到一些男孩正在打篮球。考点:现在分词作宾语补足语。固定搭配:see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事),强调动作正在进行。命题背景:本题结合校园生活场景,考查感官动词后接现在分词作宾补的用法。易错提醒:see sb. do sth. 表示看到动作的全过程,而本题中 "when I passed" 强调动作正在进行,所以用 playing。
4.(2022 福建中考)It's important for us ______ the environment.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting
【答案】B
【解析】句意:对我们来说,保护环境很重要。考点:不定式作主语。固定句型:It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.,其中 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。命题背景:本题结合 "环境保护" 的热点主题,是福建中考对不定式作主语的必考题型。易错提醒:不要直接用 protect 作主语,必须用不定式形式;不要误选动名词 protecting。
5.(2021 福建中考)He finished ______ his homework at 9:00 last night.
A. do B. to do C. doing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他昨晚 9 点完成了作业。考点:动名词作宾语。固定搭配:finish doing sth.(完成做某事)。命题背景:本题结合学生日常学习场景,是福建中考对动名词作宾语的基础考法。易错提醒:finish 后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式;这是中考中最容易出错的固定搭配之一,需要重点记忆。
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专题04 非谓语动词专项学案(福建中考专用・2026 版)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析中考考向,明确复习重点
知识梳理·方法技巧 中考高频考点精讲,直击得分点
知识点01 动词不定式(to do)(福建中考必考)
知识点02 动名词(doing) 知识点03 分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
知识点04 非谓语动词易混辨析(福建中考高频易错点)
考场练兵·分层实战 基础 + 提升 + 中考真题 + 2026 热点预测
考情透视·目标导航
常考题型
核心考点
中考命题趋势
单项选择
完形填空
短文填空
看图写话
1. 不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语
2. 动名词作主语、宾语(固定搭配)
3. 分词作定语、宾语补足语
4. 易混结构辨析:stop/remember/forget to do vs doing
1. 必考 1-2 题,单项选择、短文填空占比 85%
2. 语境紧扣 2026 热点:天舟九号、AI 教育、绿色低碳、泉州世遗、伏季休渔
3. 只考基础高频用法,不考复杂非谓语结构
4. 易错点集中:省略 to 的不定式、固定搭配混淆
知识梳理·方法技巧
一、核心概念
非谓语动词是指在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式,包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)。它们在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
二、非谓语动词核心考点速记表
非谓语形式
基本结构
核心含义
中考占比
动词不定式
to + 动词原形
表目的、将来、具体动作
50%(必考)
动名词
动词 - ing
表习惯、抽象、主动
30%(高频)
现在分词
动词 - ing
表主动、进行
15%(常考)
过去分词
动词 - ed / 不规则变化
表被动、完成
5%(基础)
三、福建中考高频固定搭配汇总
1.不定式作宾语(必考)
want to do, hope to do, decide to do, plan to do, learn to do, agree to do, refuse to do, offer to do, begin to do, start to do
2. 不定式作宾补(必考)
ask sb. to do, tell sb. to do, allow sb. to do, encourage sb. to do, invite sb. to do, expect sb. to do, advise sb. to do, warn sb. to do
3. 动名词作宾语(高频)
enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing, avoid doing, consider doing, miss doing, imagine doing
四、速记口诀
非谓语,三形式,to do ,doing 和 done;
不定式,表目的,将来具体要牢记;
动名词,表习惯,抽象主动作主语;
现在分词表进行,过去分词表被动;
固定搭配背熟练,易错点要记清楚。
知识点01 动词不定式(to do)(福建中考必考)
一、核心结构
基本形式:to + 动词原形(否定形式:not to do)
二、核心用法
句子成分
用法说明
常见句型
主语
常用 it 作形式主语,真正主语后置
It's + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
宾语
后接不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, decide, plan, learn, agree, refuse 等
want to do sth.; decide to do sth.
宾语补足语
后接不定式作宾补的动词:ask, tell, allow, encourage, invite 等
ask sb. to do sth.; tell sb. not to do sth.
定语
不定式作定语后置,修饰名词
something to eat; a chance to learn
状语
常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语
come here to study; be glad to see you
三、必背句型
1.It's + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
2.主语 + want/hope/decide/plan/learn/agree/refuse + to do sth.
3.主语 + ask/tell/allow/encourage/invite + sb. + to do sth.
4.too + adj. + to do sth.(太… 而不能)
5.adj./n. + enough + to do sth.(足够… 去做某事)
典例01
It's important for us ______ (protect) the ocean environment.
典例02
Our teacher often encourages us ______ (speak) English loudly in class.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking
中|考|易|错|警|示
1.省略 to 的情况:使役动词(make/let/have)+ 感官动词(see/hear/watch)后接宾补时省略 to;被动语态中必须还原 to
✅ The teacher made me clean the classroom.
✅ I was made to clean the classroom.
2.否定形式:not to do(not 必须放在 to 前面)
✅ Tell the students not to play football in the street.
即时检测
1.We decided ______ (go) to Wulin Village to watch the puppet show this weekend.
2.The teacher told the students ______ (not play) football in the street.
3. I have something important ______ (tell) you.
2026 中考预测题(AI 热点)
1. Many students use AI tools ______ (improve) their English pronunciation.
2. The AI robot is made ______ people do heavy work in factories.
A. help B. to help C. helping
3.看图写话
提示词:use, AI tool, study math
知识点02 动名词(doing)
一、核心结构
基本形式:动词原形 + -ing(否定形式:not doing)
二、核心用法
句子成分
用法说明
常见句型 / 搭配
主语
动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数
Doing sth. is + adj.
宾语
后接动名词作宾语的动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep, suggest 等
enjoy doing sth.; finish doing sth.
介词宾语
介词后接动名词作宾语
be good at doing sth.; thank you for doing sth.
定语
动名词作定语,说明名词的用途
a swimming pool; a reading room
三、必背句型
1.后接动名词作宾语的动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep, suggest, avoid, consider
2.介词 + 动名词:be good at, look forward to, be afraid of, thank you for, be interested in, spend...(in) doing
典例01
______ (Plant) trees is a good way to protect the environment.
典例02
Have you finished ______ (write) your report about Tianzhou-9?
A. write B. to write C. writing
中|考|易|错|警|示
1.look forward to中 to 是介词,后接动名词,不是不定式
✅ I'm looking forward to visiting the Space Science Exhibition.
2.动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数
✅ Listening to Nanyin is relaxing.
中|考|解|题|技|巧
看到 enjoy, finish, practice, mind 等动词,以及介词 at, for, about 等,优先考虑动名词。
即时检测
1.My sister practices ______ (play) the piano every day.
2.We are looking forward to ______ (visit) the Space Science Exhibition.
3.Would you mind ______ (open) the window? It's too hot.
2026 中考预测题(环保热点)
1.Many students enjoy ______ (take) part in beach cleaning activities.
2.短文填空
We should keep ______ (protect) the ocean. Thank you for ______ (join) our volunteer team. We are good at ______ (make) posters to tell people about environmental protection.
知识点03 分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
一、核心结构
现在分词:动词原形 + -ing(表示主动、进行)
过去分词:动词原形 + -ed(规则动词)/ 不规则变化(表示被动、完成)
二、核心用法
句子成分
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
定语
修饰名词,表示主动或进行a running boy(一个正在跑的男孩)
修饰名词,表示被动或完成a broken window(一扇破碎的窗户)
宾语补足语
表示动作正在进行see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事)
表示动作已完成或被动have sth. done(让某事被做)
状语
表示伴随、原因等He sat there, reading a book.
表示被动、原因等Given more time, I can do it better.
三、核心区别
用法
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
中考考频
定语
表主动、进行a running boy(正在跑的男孩)
表被动、完成a broken window(破碎的窗户)
★★
宾补
表动作正在进行see sb. doing sth.
表动作已完成 / 被动have sth. done
★★★
四、必背句型
1.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事)
2.see/hear/watch sb. do sth.(看见某人做了某事全过程)
3.have sth. done(让某事被做)
典例01
The girl ______ (sing) over there is my cousin.
典例02
I heard someone ______ (knock) at the door when I was watching TV.
A. knock B. knocking C. to knock
中|考|易|错|警|示
现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动
✅ The old man making paper cutting is a famous artist.(主动)
✅ The puppet show performed by the artists was wonderful.(被动)
中|考|解|题|技|巧
看到 see, hear, watch 等感官动词,若表示动作正在进行,用现在分词;若表示动作全过程,用省略 to 的不定式。
即时检测
1.The ______ (break) glass needs to be replaced.
2.We watched the children ______ (play) basketball on the playground.
3.He had his bike ______ (repair) yesterday.
2026 中考预测题(非遗热点)
1.The old man ______ (make) paper cutting is a famous artist.
2.We saw the puppet show ______ (perform) by the artists yesterday.
A. perform B. performing C. performed
知识点04 非谓语动词易混辨析(福建中考高频易错点)
易混结构
含义
典型例句
stop to do
停下来去做另一件事
Let's stop to have a rest.
stop doing
停止正在做的事
Stop talking in class.
remember to do
记得要去做某事(未做)
Remember to turn off the computers after class.
remember doing
记得做过某事(已做)
I remember meeting you somewhere before.
forget to do
忘记要去做某事(未做)
Don't forget to bring your homework.
forget doing
忘记做过某事(已做)
I forgot sending the email.
try to do
努力做某事
I tried to work out the math problem.
try doing
尝试做某事
Try using this new AI tool.
典例01
When the teacher came in, the students stopped ______ (talk).
典例02
Don't forget ______ (bring) your homework to school tomorrow.
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing
中|考|易|错|警|示
❌ 错误:Please remember turning off the lights when you leave.
✅ 正确:Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.(未做)
❌ 错误:I forgot to lock the door. I locked it just now.
✅ 正确:I forgot locking the door. I locked it just now.(已做)
中|考|解|题|技|巧
根据句意判断动作是否已经发生,未发生用不定式,已发生用动名词。
即时检测
1.I remember ______ (meet) you somewhere before.
2.Let's stop ______ (have) a rest. We are too tired.
2026 中考预测题(校园热点)
1.Please remember ______ (turn) off the computers after class.
2.I tried ______ (work) out the math problem, but I failed. Then I tried ______ (ask) the teacher for help.
A. to work; to ask B. working; asking C. to work; asking
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(全员必会・测试时间:10 分钟)
1.It's necessary for us ______ (learn) English well.
2.My mother often asks me ______ (help) with housework.
3.He enjoys ______ (listen) to Minnan Nanyin in his free time.
4.Have you finished ______ (clean) your bedroom?
5.The boy was seen ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now.
6.I want ______ (visit) the Kaiyuan Temple this weekend.
A. visit B. to visit C. visiting
7.Thank you for ______ (invite) me to your birthday party.
A. invite B. to invite C. inviting
8.The teacher made us ______ (read) English every morning.
A. read B. to read C. reading
9.短文填空(环保主题)
Protecting the environment is very important. We should try 1. ______ (save) water and electricity. We should keep 2. ______ (plant) trees. We should avoid 3. ______ (use) plastic bags. Remember 4. ______ (sort) rubbish before throwing it away. Let's work together 5. ______ (make) our city more beautiful.
10.看图写话
提示词:decide, plant trees, tomorrow
重难突破练(中等提升・测试时间:20 分钟)
1.The best way ______ (learn) English is to use it every day.
2.I saw a little girl ______ (cry) in the street when I was walking home.
3.He forgot ______ (send) the email, so he sent it again.
4.The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular.
5.My parents encourage me ______ (be) a volunteer in the summer holiday.
6.— Would you mind ______ me your dictionary?
— Of course not.
A. lend B. to lend C. lending
7.The old man was too tired ______ any further.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking
8.I heard someone ______ (call) my name when I was reading.
A. call B. to call C. calling
9.完形填空(航天主题)
Last week, our class went to the Space Science Museum. We saw many models of spaceships. The guide told us 1. ______ about Tianzhou-9. We watched a video about how it 2. ______ into space. We also saw some seeds 3. ______ from space. We all enjoyed 4. ______ the exhibition. We decided 5. ______ more about space science.
(1) A. something B. anything C. nothing
(2) A. sent B. was sent C. will be sent
(3) A. bring B. brought C. bringing
(4) A. visit B. to visit C. visiting
(5) A. learn B. to learn C. learning
10.看图写话
提示词:enjoy, watch, puppet show
综合拓展练(冲刺高分・测试时间:10 分钟)
1.It's very kind of you ______ (help) me with my English.
2.The doctor advised him ______ (give) up smoking.
3.I remember ______ (see) the film before, but I can't remember its name.
4.The ______ (fall) leaves are beautiful in autumn.
5.She used to be afraid of ______ (speak) in public.
6.短文填空(AI + 非遗主题)
Nowadays, AI technology 1. ______ (use) in many fields. It can help us 2. ______ (learn) traditional culture better. For example, we can use AI tools 3. ______ (watch) digital puppet shows. Many young people enjoy 4. ______ (use) these tools. They hope 5. ______ (pass) down traditional skills to the next generation. We should try 6. ______ (combine) AI with traditional culture. Remember 7. ______ (not lose) our cultural roots. Let's work together 8. ______ (make) our culture more popular.
7.看图写话
提示词:ask, clean, classroom
福建中考真题再现(2023-2025)
1.(2025 福建中考)Our teacher often tells us ______ more books in our free time.
A. read B. to read C. reading
2.(2024 福建中考)Would you mind ______ the window? It's a little cold.
A. close B. to close C. closing
3.(2023 福建中考)I saw some boys ______ basketball when I passed the playground.
A. play B. playing C. to play
4.(2022 福建中考)It's important for us ______ the environment.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting
5.(2021 福建中考)He finished ______ his homework at 9:00 last night.
A. do B. to do C. doing
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