专题11 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时被动语态）（讲义）-2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第11个专题，内容为时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时的被动语态）。 2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题11 语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时的被动语态） 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 一般现在时的被动语态 即时训练 考点2 一般过去时的被动语态 即时训练 考点3 一般将来时的被动语态 即时训练 考点4 过去将来时的被动语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1. 识记：熟练书写结构 2. 理解：能在主动句和被动句之间准确互换，不改变原意，能正确运用。 3. 掌握：明确主动语态与被动语态的区别、结构和使用场景。 4. 应用：高考基础题型正确率高，写作无明显时态错误 被动语态（be+done）： 英语动词有两种语态，即________语态和________语态。 主动语态(active voice)表示主语是动作的________， 被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的________。 主动语态 变为 被动语态 I sing an English song every day. (主动) An English song is sung by me every day. (被动) 宾变_____，主变_____，宾是人前要加by，被动看时态 【考点1 一般现在时的被动语态】 1、 一般现在时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： ① I speak English every day. 肯定：→English is spoken by me every day. 否定：→English is not spoken by me every day. ② They read Chinese novels every day. 肯定：→Chinese novels are read by them every day. 否定：→Chinese novels are not read by them every day. 2. 总结 肯定句结构：主语+____________+其他 否定句结构：主语+am/is/are+_________+done+其他 2、 一般现在时的被动语态标志词 1.every系列 2.频度副词系列：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never 【即时训练】 1. Trees ______ in spring every year. A. plant B. are planted C. plants D. planted 2． English ______ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 3．These books ______ by the students every week. A. use B. used C. are used D. are using 4．The boy ________(see) to run every day. A. sees B. saw C. are seen D. is seen 5. — I enjoyed walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they ______ by the hard-working cleaner every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 6．Now all Chinese couples ________ to have three children. A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. were allowed 7. The books and magazines in the reading-room ________to be taken outside.  A.are not allowed B. is not allowed C. don’t allow D. haven’t allowed 【考点2 一般过去时的被动语态】 1、 一般过去时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： ①We built these tall buildings three years ago. 肯定：→These tall buildings were built by us three years ago. 否定：→These tall buildings were not built by us three years ago. ② Tom broke the window last night. 肯定：→The window was broken by Tom last night. 否定：→The window was not broken by Tom last night. 2.总结 肯定句结构：主语+________+其他 否定句结构：主语+was/were+________+done+其他 二、一般过去时的被动语态标志词和一般过去时时态标志词相同 1.含有yesterday的短语：yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天); yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2.含有last的短语：last week(上周);last year(上年);last Friday(上周五) 3.含有ago的短语：a minute ago; two years ago(两年前) 4.in＋过去的年份：in 2011；in 2019... 5.其他: the other day(前几天), just now(刚刚), once upon a time(以前、从前) 三、规则动词的过去分词变化规则 规则 例句 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-ed play → played 玩 work → worked工作 以e结尾，在后面加-d dance → danced跳舞 live → lived居住 like → liked喜欢 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed study → studied学习 carry → carried携带 fly → flied飞 try → tried尝试 以重读闭音节或重读r音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加­ed admit→admitted 允许 prefer→preferred 更喜欢 stop→stopped 停止 plan→planned 计划 refer→referred 参考，涉及，提到 特殊变化单独记 have → had有 be → was/were是 四、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，其变化虽无规则，但有一定的规律。 【即时训练】 1.The house in the village ________ fifty years ago. A.were built B. was built C. is built D. are built 2. The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it________ .  A.was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents 3. Jack ________a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn’t take it.  A.is offered B. offered C. was offered D. has offered 4．The flowers were so lovely that they ________ in no time.  A.were sold out B. sold out C. had been sold out D. would sell out 5．When I was young，I_______by my grandparents. A．look after B．looked after C．am looked after D．was looked after 6．It's reported that 31 of the brave young men _______in a big forest fire in Sichuan last week. A. kills B. killed C.kill D. were killed 【考点3 一般将来时的被动语态】 1、 一般将来时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： ① We will repair these desks next year. 肯定：→These desks will be repaired by us next year. 否定：→These desks will not be repaired by us next year. ②We are going to clean the windows after class. 肯定：→The windows are going to be cleaned by us after class. 否定：→The windows are not going to be cleaned by us after class. 2.总结 肯定句结构：主语+will+be+done+其他 主语+be going to + be+done+其他 否定句结构：主语+will+not+be+done++其他 主语+be +not+going to+be+done++其他 二、一般将来时的被动语态标志词 1.含有tomorrow的短语：the day after tomorrow后天tomorrow morning明天早上 2.含有next的短语：next day/week/month/ year... 3.in+时间段：in an hour一小时后；in a few days 几天后 4.其他:soon不久之后；tonight今晚；before long不久之后；some day将来某一天,in the future将来, this weekend 这周末 【即时训练】 1. The work ________ tomorrow morning. A. is finished B. can finish C. has to finish D. will be finished 2．These books ______ to the library this weekend. A. will return B. will be returned C. returned D. return 3．The letter ______ to you in three days. A. will send B. will be sent C. sent D. is sent 4．The sports meeting ______ if it rains tomorrow. A. will put off B. will be put off C. puts off D. is put off 5．The 30th Olympic Games _____ in Rio next year. And the first Olympics_____ in 1896. A. is held; held B. held; was held C. will be held; held D. will be held; was held 【考点4 过去将来时的被动语态】 1、 过去将来时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： The teacher told us that we would finish the work in two weeks. 肯定：→The teacher told us that the work would be finished by us in two weeks. 否定：→The teacher told us that the work would be finished by us in two weeks. 2. 总结： 肯定：主语+________+done+其他 否定：主语+would+________+be+done+其他 二、过去将来时的被动语态时间标志词 the next day / the following day 第二天（从过去看） the next week / the following week 下周（从过去看） the next month / the following month 下个月（从过去看） the next year / the following year 下一年（从过去看） soon不久（从过去看） later后来/稍后（从过去看） in the future（过去语境中） 将来（从过去看） 【即时训练】 1. They told us a new shopping mall _______________near their village the next year. A. builds B. built C. would be built D. would build 2. He said the meeting ________ the next day. A. would be held B. hold C. holds D. would hold 3.The teacher said the homework ________the next morning. A. would be checked B. check C. checks D. checked 4．He said the work ______ in three days. A. will finish B. will be finished C. would finish D. would be finished 5．The teacher said the problem ______ at the next class. A. would discuss B. would be discussed C. will discuss D. will be discussed 1. (2024年广东省高职高考第60题)He was often seen _________________(在操场上打篮球). 2. (2024年广东省高职高考第53题)Before dinner, Mary _______ (ask) to put some potatoes and eggs in a pot and boil them for a while. 3. (2023年广东省高职高考第51题)It was time for the race. All the runners _______(call)to line up on the tracks. 4. (2022年广东省高职高考第21题) These books _______for middle school students. A. writing　 B. were writing　 C. written　 D. were written 5. (2021年广东省高职高考第25题)The baby _______after his father. A. is naming　 B. was named　 C. was naming　 D. has named 6. (2021年广东省高职高考第56题)Dr. Martin Luther King's famous speech _______(make) on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28th, 1963. 7. (2020广东省高职高考第56题)About 12% of all deaths in this country _________(cause) by heart disease, but there are only about 50 heart doctors. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第11个专题，内容为时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时的被动语态）。 2027年广东省（“3+证书”考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题11 语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时的被动语态） 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 一般现在时的被动语态 即时训练 考点2 一般过去时的被动语态 即时训练 考点3 一般将来时的被动语态 即时训练 考点4 过去将来时的被动语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1. 识记：熟练书写结构 2. 理解：能在主动句和被动句之间准确互换，不改变原意，能正确运用。 3. 掌握：明确主动语态与被动语态的区别、结构和使用场景。 4. 应用：高考基础题型正确率高，写作无明显时态错误 被动语态（be+done）： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态(active voice)表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。 主动语态 变为 被动语态 I sing an English song every day. (主动) An English song is sung by me every day. (被动) 宾变主，主变宾，宾是人前要加by，被动看时态 【考点1 一般现在时的被动语态】 1、 一般现在时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： ① I speak English every day. 肯定：→English is spoken by me every day. 否定：→English is not spoken by me every day. ② They read Chinese novels every day. 肯定：→Chinese novels are read by them every day. 否定：→Chinese novels are not read by them every day. 2. 总结 肯定句结构：主语+am/is/are+done+其他 否定句结构：主语+am/is/are+not+done+其他 2、 一般现在时的被动语态标志词 1.every系列 2.频度副词系列：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never 【即时训练】 1. Trees ______ in spring every year. A. plant B. are planted C. plants D. planted 【答案】B 【详解】根据时间状语every year，可知应用一般现在时。trees（树）是被种植，复数 → are planted。 2． English ______ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 【答案】B 【详解】考查语态。English（英语）是被说，被动结构：is spoken。 3．These books ______ by the students every week. A. use B. used C. are used D. are using 【答案】C 【详解】根据时间状语every week，可知应用一般现在时。these books（这些书）是被使用，复数 → are used。 4．The boy ________(see) to run every day. A. sees B. saw C. are seen D. is seen 【答案】D 【详解】根据时间状语every day，可知应用一般现在时。The boy是被看见，单数 → is seen。故选D项。 5. — I enjoyed walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they ______ by the hard-working cleaner every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意： ——我喜欢早上在干净的街道上散步。 ——你知道它们每天都被勤劳的清洁工打扫干净。 主语 they 指代 streets（街道），街道是被清洁工打扫，要用被动语态：be + 过去分词。 - 时间状语 every day 表示一般现在时。所以结构是：are cleaned。 6．Now all Chinese couples ________ to have three children. A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. were allowed 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：“现在所有的中国夫妇都允许有三个孩子。” all Chinese couples和allow是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据now可知应用现在时。故选C项 7. The books and magazines in the reading-room ________to be taken outside.  A.are not allowed B. is not allowed C. don’t allow D. haven’t allowed 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。本题句意为:阅览室里的书和杂志禁止带出去。根据句意可知本题考查被动语态,又因主语为复数,故选A项。 【考点2 一般过去时的被动语态】 1、 一般过去时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： ①We built these tall buildings three years ago. 肯定：→These tall buildings were built by us three years ago. 否定：→These tall buildings were not built by us three years ago. ② Tom broke the window last night. 肯定：→The window was broken by Tom last night. 否定：→The window was not broken by Tom last night. 2.总结 肯定句结构：主语+was/were+done+其他 否定句结构：主语+was/were+not+done+其他 二、一般过去时的被动语态标志词和一般过去时时态标志词相同 1.含有yesterday的短语：yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天); yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2.含有last的短语：last week(上周);last year(上年);last Friday(上周五) 3.含有ago的短语：a minute ago; two years ago(两年前) 4.in＋过去的年份：in 2011；in 2019... 5.其他: the other day(前几天), just now(刚刚), once upon a time(以前、从前) 三、规则动词的过去分词变化规则 规则 例句 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-ed play → played 玩 work → worked工作 以e结尾，在后面加-d dance → danced跳舞 live → lived居住 like → liked喜欢 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed study → studied学习 carry → carried携带 fly → flied飞 try → tried尝试 以重读闭音节或重读r音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加­ed admit→admitted 允许 prefer→preferred 更喜欢 stop→stopped 停止 plan→planned 计划 refer→referred 参考，涉及，提到 特殊变化单独记 have → had有 be → was/were是 四、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，其变化虽无规则，但有一定的规律。 【即时训练】 1.The house in the village ________ fifty years ago. A.were built B. was built C. is built D. are built 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。本题句意为:这个村子的房子是十年前建造的。house和build是被动关系,由ten years ago可知要用一般过去时,故选B项。 2. The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it________ .  A.was invented B. invented C. is invented D. invents 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。本题句意为:自从手机发明后,手机就大大影响了人们的生活。发明手机这件事发生在过去,应用一般过去时,又因为the mobile phone和invent是被动关系,所以用被动语态,故选A项。 3. Jack ________a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn’t take it.  A.is offered B. offered C. was offered D. has offered 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。本题句意为:杰克被提供一份银行的工作,但令我们惊讶的是,他没有接受。由此可知,主语Jack与动词offer是被动关系,且根据后面的一般过去时得知,这件事发生在过去,因此空格处要使用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C项。 4．The flowers were so lovely that they ________ in no time.  A.were sold out B. sold out C. had been sold out D. would sell out 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。they指flowers,和sell out是被动关系,要用被动语态。因为主句为一般过去时,与从句动作同时发生,所以空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A项。 5．When I was young，I_______by my grandparents. A．look after B．looked after C．am looked after D．was looked after 【答案】D 【详解】整句意思：我小时候被祖父母照顾。1. 时态：由 When I was young 可知是一般过去时。2. 语态：I 和 look after（照顾） 是被动关系（我被照顾），所以用被动语态：was/were + 过去分词。3. 主语 I，所以用 was looked after。 6．It's reported that 31 of the brave young men _______in a big forest fire in Sichuan last week. A. kills B. killed C.kill D. were killed 【答案】D 【详解】 句意：据报道，上周在四川一场特大森林火灾中，31位勇敢的年轻英雄遇难。 1. 时间状语 last week → 用一般过去时。2. 31 of the brave young men 和 kill 是被动关系（被夺去生命）。3. 主语是复数 → 用 were killed。 【考点3 一般将来时的被动语态】 1、 一般将来时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： ① We will repair these desks next year. 肯定：→These desks will be repaired by us next year. 否定：→These desks will not be repaired by us next year. ②We are going to clean the windows after class. 肯定：→The windows are going to be cleaned by us after class. 否定：→The windows are not going to be cleaned by us after class. 2.总结 肯定句结构：主语+will+be+done+其他 主语+be going to + be+done+其他 否定句结构：主语+will+not+be+done++其他 主语+be +not+going to+be+done++其他 二、一般将来时的被动语态标志词 1.含有tomorrow的短语：the day after tomorrow后天tomorrow morning明天早上 2.含有next的短语：next day/week/month/ year... 3.in+时间段：in an hour一小时后；in a few days 几天后 4.其他:soon不久之后；tonight今晚；before long不久之后；some day将来某一天,in the future将来, this weekend 这周末 【即时训练】 1. The work ________ tomorrow morning. A. is finished B. can finish C. has to finish D. will be finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这项工作明天早上将会被完成。时间状语 tomorrow morning（明天早上）表明用一般将来时。主语 the work（工作）是被完成，要用被动语态。一般将来时被动语态结构：will be + 过去分词。故选D。 2．These books ______ to the library this weekend. A. will return B. will be returned C. returned D. return 【答案】B 【详解】this weekend 将来时标志词；books（书）被归还，被动：will be returned。 3．The letter ______ to you in three days. A. will send B. will be sent C. sent D. is sent 【答案】B 【详解】in three days是将来时的标志词，letter被寄，将来被动：will be sent。 4．The sports meeting ______ if it rains tomorrow. A. will put off B. will be put off C. puts off D. is put off 【答案】B 【详解】if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，sports meeting被推迟，将来被动：will be put off。 5．The 30th Olympic Games _____ in Rio next year. And the first Olympics_____ in 1896. A. is held; held B. held; was held C. will be held; held D. will be held; was held 【答案】D 【详解】 1. 第一空：由 next year（明年）可知用一般将来时；Olympic Games（奥运会）是被举办，用被动语态：will be held 2. 第二空：由 in 1896（过去时间）可知用一般过去时；the first Olympics 也是被举办，被动语态：was held 【考点4 过去将来时的被动语态】 1、 过去将来时的被动语态结构 1. 观察： The teacher told us that we would finish the work in two weeks. 肯定→The teacher told us that the work would be finished by us in two weeks. 否定→The teacher told us that the work would be finished by us in two weeks. 2. 总结： 肯定：主语+would+be+done+其他 否定：主语+would+not+be+done+其他 二、过去将来时的被动语态时间标志词 the next day / the following day 第二天（从过去看） the next week / the following week 下周（从过去看） the next month / the following month 下个月（从过去看） the next year / the following year 下一年（从过去看） soon不久（从过去看） later后来/稍后（从过去看） in the future（过去语境中） 将来（从过去看） 【即时训练】 1. They told us a new shopping mall _______________near their village the next year. A. builds B. built C. would be built D. would build 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们告诉我们，第二年他们村子附近将会建一个新的购物中心。 1. 主句 They told us 是一般过去时。2. 宾语从句里的时间是 the next year（第二年），表示“过去将来时”。3. a new shopping mall（新商场）是被建造，要用被动语态。所以用：过去将来时的被动语态。 2. He said the meeting ________ the next day. A. would be held B. hold C. holds D. would hold 【答案】A 【详解】主句 said 过去时，时间 the next day 过去将来。meeting 被举行 → 被动→ would be held。 3.The teacher said the homework ________the next morning. A. would be checked B. check C. checks D. checked 【答案】A 【详解】主句 said 过去时- the next morning 过去将来- homework 被批改 → 被动 → would be checked 4．He said the work ______ in three days. A. will finish B. will be finished C. would finish D. would be finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：1. 主句 said 是过去时 → 从句要用过去将来时2. work（工作）是被完成 → 被动。3. 过去将来被动：would be done→ would be finished 5．The teacher said the problem ______ at the next class. A. would discuss B. would be discussed C. will discuss D. will be discussed 【答案】B 【详解】主句 said 过去时， problem（问题）被讨论→ would be discussed 高考必记秒杀口诀 - 看到 said / told / asked（主句过去） - 看到 the next day / soon / in…（过去将来） - 主语是物，表示被…… → 直接选：would be done 1. (2024年广东省高职高考第60题)He was often seen _________________(在操场上打篮球). 【答案】to play basketball on the playground。 【解析】本题考查一般过去时被动语态+动词不定式，“was seen”为被动语态标志，“see sb do sth”变为被动时需补出“to”，即“be seen to do sth”。故填to play basketball on the playground。 2. (2024年广东省高职高考第53题)Before dinner, Mary _______ (ask) to put some potatoes and eggs in a pot and boil them for a while. 【答案】was asked 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：晚饭前，玛丽被要求把一些土豆和鸡蛋放进锅里煮一会儿。分析句子可知，主语Mary与动词ask之间为动宾关系，此处应用被动语态，且由前后文可知，该句应为一般过去时，故谓语动词结构为was/were done，主语Mary为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was asked。 3. (2023年广东省高职高考第51题)It was time for the race. All the runners _______(call)to line up on the tracks. 【答案】were called 【解析】此题考查被动语态。结合语境分析句意应为:所有的赛跑者被点名在赛道上排队。主语 runners 和谓语动词 call 之间是被动关系,结合被动语态的基本结构 be 十过去分词,故答案为 were called。 4. (2022年广东省高职高考第21题) These books _______for middle school students. A. writing　 B. were writing　 C. written　 D. were written 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查被动语态。句意：这些书是为中学生写的。主语是these books且动作已发生，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，即were written。故选D项。 5. (2021年广东省高职高考第25题)The baby _______after his father. A. is naming　 B. was named　 C. was naming　 D. has named 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查被动语态。句意：这个婴儿以他父亲的名字命名。be named after，意为“以……命名”。故选B项。 6. (2021年广东省高职高考第56题)Dr. Martin Luther King's famous speech _______(make) on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28th, 1963. 【答案】was made 【详解】本题考查被动语态。句意：1963年8月28日，马丁·路德·金博士在林肯纪念堂台阶上发表著名演讲。分析句子可知，缺少谓语，句子主语为Dr. Martin Luther King's famous speech，是动作的承受者，与谓语make之间是被动关系；根据on August 28th, 1963可知，这是表述过去的事件，应用be 动词的一般过去时单数形式。故填was made。 7. (2020广东省高职高考第56题)About 12% of all deaths in this country _________(cause) by heart disease, but there are only about 50 heart doctors. 【答案】are caused 【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：这个国家12%的死亡人数是由心脏病导致的，但只有大约50名心脏医生。主语deaths和动词cause是被动关系，要用被动语态；由后半句的时态可知，本句是一般现在时。“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数要根据百分数后所跟的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词来确定，如果所跟名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数。本句中的deaths是可数名词复数，所以谓语应为复数形式。故填are caused。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $