内容正文:
高中英语人教版2019必修第二册
Unit 4
History and Traditions
Listening and Speaking
P37
一个不了解自身过往历史、起源与文化的民族,就像一棵没有根基的树。
—— 马库斯・加维
Simple & Quick(快问快答)
Q:中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权王朝是什么?
A:秦朝(Qin Dynasty)
Simple & Quick(快问快答)
Q:被尊为 “至圣先师”,儒家学派创始人的思想家是谁?
A:孔子(Confucius)
Simple & Quick(快问快答)
Q:儒家思想的核心主张是什么?(说出 1 个即可)
A:“仁”(benevolence)、“礼”(ritual)、
“德治”(rule of virtue)
Simple & Quick(快问快答)
Q:我们常说的 “四书五经” 中,记录孔子及其弟子言行的是哪部经典?
A:《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)
Simple & Quick(快问快答)
Q:孔子的故乡,也是儒家文化的发源地是山东的哪座城市?
A:曲阜(Qufu, Shandong Province)
Simple & Quick(快问快答)
Q:曲阜有三处和孔子直接相关的文化遗产,合称为 “三孔”,你知道是哪三处吗?
A:孔庙(Temple of Confucius)、孔府(Kong Family Mansion)、孔林(Cemetery of Confucius)
孔庙
孔府
孔林
P38
Temple of Confucius(孔庙)
是专门祭祀孔子的礼制庙宇,图中是孔庙大殿内景,殿内供奉着孔子像,匾额上的文字也体现了历代帝王对孔子的尊崇。
Kong Family Mansion(孔府)
是孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府邸,图中是孔府内的厅堂场景,保留了古代官宅的规制,是中国封建社会官衙与内宅合一的典型建筑。
Cemetery of Confucius(孔林)
是孔子及其家族的墓地,也是世界上规模最大、延续时间最长的家族墓地,图中是孔林的入口建筑与牌坊,展现了其庄重肃穆的氛围。
P38
William: So do you know much about Confucius? He's one of my favourite philosophers. He was .
He was a wise man.
such a wise man
such a/an + adj. + 单n. 如此一个……的人/物
William: Didn't he ?
Xiao Kong: Yes, but his...
He lived over 2,500 years ago.
live over 2,500 years ago
Xiao Kong: He has .
Confucius has over 3 million descendants.
over three million descendants
Xiao Kong: You know, Confucius was , and he had .
He was a great educator and had many ideas about education.
a great educator
many great ideas about education
educator n.教育家 education n.教育
educate v.教育 educational adj.有教育意义的
Xiao Kong: What a coincidence —— Confucius and Shakespeare, two of !
He was one of the greatest minds in history.
the greatest minds in history
coincidence n.巧合 mind n.思想家
P38
√
Xiao Kong: He believed that learning without leads to confusion ...
reflecting
√
Xiao Kong: We are doing a research project on Confucius'
.
ideas on education
√
Xiao Kong: Oh, yes. I was born here. In fact, I believe I am a descendant of Confucius himself.
William: No way, you're pulling my leg, right? So how do you know you're related to Confucius? Didn't he live over 2,500 years ago?
Xiao Kong: Yes, but his family tree is well recorded.
√
Xiao Kong: Oh, that's the famous Dacheng Hall. You know, it's so well-respected in Qufu that
.
taller than it
no other building in the city can be
well-respected adj.受人尊敬的;有声望的
√
William: Oh, great! What's that big building over there?
Xiao Kong: Oh, that's the famous Dacheng Hall. You know, it's so well-respected in Qufu that no other building in the city can be taller than it.
William: Wow, now that's respect. That's a little bit like my hometown-Stratford-upon-Avon.
noticeable adj.显而易见的;明显的
理解习语
习语是一种表达方式,其含义与组成它的单个单词的字面意思完全不同。
有些习语会通过表达一个概念或描绘一个画面,来暗示它的含义;
而另一些习语则只能结合其出现的上下文语境,才能被理解。
P39
a weak point or
fault in one`s
character
play a joke on sb.
a person who feels uncomfortable in a new environment
致命的弱点
捉弄某人;和某人开玩笑
在陌生环境不得其所的人
阿喀琉斯之踵
拉某人的腿
鱼离开了水
Although he is good at sports, long-distance running seems to be his Achilles` heel.
虽然他体育不错,但长跑似乎是他的致命弱点。
别担心,我只是在跟你开玩笑。
我在新学校里感觉很不自在/格格不入。
Don`t worry. I am just pulling your leg.
I felt like a fish out of water at the new school.
P39
连读
连读(linking sounds)
辅音 + 元音:前一个单词以辅音结尾,后一个单词以元音开头,辅音会滑向后词元音。
如:heap of all [hiːp] [əv] [ɔːl] → [hiːpəvɔːl]
其他常见连读:
r/re + 元音:词尾r/re在元音前会发/r/音,连接前后。
如:there is [ðeə(r)] [ɪz] → [ðeərɪz]
P39
/ˈrɪskɪt/
/ˈtɜːnəv/
/ˈstɑːrtəˌɡen/
/ˈhəʊldɒn/
/ˈbriːðə/
/ˈwɜːrdəˌbaʊt/
/ˈðeɪɑː(r)/
/ˈðeərɪz/
/əˈɡenæt/
/hiːpəvɔːl/
/ˈnɜːrvənd/
P39
如果你能在赢得无数桂冠之后
孤注一掷再博一次,
失败过后,东山再起
不抱怨你的失败;
如果你能迫使自己
在别人走后,长久坚守阵地,
在你心中已空荡荡无一物
只有意志告诉你“坚持”!
Key Words
P104
1. 派生词:Confucian [kənˈfjuːʃən] adj. 儒家的
Confucianism [kənˈfju:ʃənizm] n. 儒家思想
4. 派生词:philosopher [fəˈlɒsəfə(r)] n.哲学家
philosophical [ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl] adj.哲学的
常见搭配:philosophy of life 人生哲学
1. 派生词:descend [dɪˈsend] v. 下降;遗传 descent [dɪˈsent] n. 血统;下降
常见搭配:a descendant of... ……的后裔(后接人/家族/物种)
direct descendant 直系后代
lineal descendant 直系子孙
2. 派生词:divide [dɪˈvaɪd] v.分开;分配 division [dɪˈvɪʒn] n.除法;部门
常见搭配:individual responsibility/rights 个人责任/权利
individual style/character 个人风格/个性
individual approach 个性化方法
individual differences 个体差异
形近词:heal v.治愈
常见搭配:high-heeled shoes 高跟鞋
at/on sb's heels 紧跟某人
hard on the heels of 紧接在……之后
turn on one's heel 急转身
可直接替换 weak point
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