2026年中考英语 复习（十）---非谓语动词不定式
2026中考英语 复习（十）---非谓语动词不定式
（一）动词不定式形式：
肯定式：to do
否定式：not to do
被动式：to be done
完成式：to have done（表动作先于谓语发生）
进行式：to be doing（表动作与谓语同时进行）
（二）动词不定式功能：
1、作主语:
It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
避坑点:对比动名词作主语；不定式侧重具体某次动作，动名词侧重习惯性、泛指的动作。
eg：To swim in the river this afternoon sounds great.（具体动作） Swimming is good exercise.（泛指习惯）
不定式作主语： 1.不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2.表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。 3.it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语： （1）It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth. 形容词通常用for sb.作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。常用for sb作逻辑主语。 1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old. 2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do. （2）It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth. 赞扬、责备的形容词常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate… |
2、作状语
I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车
动词不定式作状语 (1)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首，可用so as to/in order to替换，译为：为了；想要 In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。 (2)动词不定式作结果状语时常用于下列结构中，常表示出乎意料的结果：only to do；enough |
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to do足够做……；too... to do... 太……而不能……；so/such... as to... 如此……以至于…… Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students. (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。 这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. He was surprised to be informed of the news. |
3、作定语：
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。（do homework）
She is looking for a room to live in.（live in the room，介词不可省略）
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
eg: He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
(3) 被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。
常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
eg: The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
不定式作定语： （1）常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference. （2）不定式作定语，修饰序数词等 She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today. |
（4）接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
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