Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 练习卷-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语必修第三册

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 练习卷-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语必修第三册 第一部分 词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1.Some young mothers have no idea that fruit juices can be             (harm) to childrenˈs teeth. 2.            (bite) by the snake in the bush, Susan was soon sent to the clinic. 3.I flew to Kulangsu in my            (eager) to enjoy its beautiful scenery. 4.When I was young, I was often asked," What is your occupation             (tend)? 5.Charles was at the clinic recovering from an            (operate) on his arm. 6.Though it was only December, I found my students already            (whisper) about the Spring Festival plans. 7.China is one of the largest countries in the world,            (cover) about 9.6 million square kilometres. 8.My grandfather is as            (energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day. 9.The heavy snow lasted a few days so that many villages were cut off, thus            (cause) much inconvenience to the villagers. 10.We laughed and that helped ease the           (tense). 第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 11.He wrote many childrenˈs books, half of which were           （出版） in the 1990s. 12.He quoted some old Chinese sayings to            （阐明）his points. 13.There is no greater ________ (美德) than offering a helping hand to those in need. 14.Varieties of             (进口商品) from Africa including coffee, cocoa and olive oil are sold in that shop. 15.He was faced with the             (困境) of whether or not to return to his country. 16.A family break allows you to spend             (宝贵的) time together. 17.A             (内科医生) and an engineer were arguing about what was the oldest profession in the world. 18.More than half of the workers and            (全体职员) members in this factory are women. 19.You need to be more              (灵活的) and imaginative in your approach. 20.He             (抱怨) bitterly that he had been unfairly treated in his work. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Unique Ways to Give The feel-good reward of giving is huge. Since 2021, the rate of giving has increased all over the world. Here are four creative ways people around the world are giving back. Rice Bucket Challenge The Rice Bucket Challenge (RBC) was started in India to fight hunger. You simply give a bucket of rice to a person or family, take a photo and post it on social media through the app RBC with a message encouraging others to do the same. Or people can offer money through the app for it. To date, the Rice Bucket Challenge has given away about 35,000 kilograms of rice. Donation Fence For the past six years, Hamburg Donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg’s central train station. People without homes can take those bags as needed. Little Free Libraries Some places of China host Little Free Libraries. All you need to do is build (or buy) a box and fill it with books you’ve finished reading. Anyone can take, leave or exchange a book from the box. The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result. Commu App How do people wanting to volunteer connect with groups needing help? In 2021 in Finland, three young men founded Commu, an app that makes it easy for people to offer help to those in need or to ask for help in their communities. It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian. 21.Who might Donation Fence want to help? A. The librarians. B. The volunteers. C. The hungry people. D. The homeless people. 22.What is the purpose of Little Free Libraries? A. To fight hunger. B. To connect with neighbors. C. To exchange books. D. To encourage reading. 23.Which language does Commu App use? A. Indian. B. Norwegian. C. Chinese. D. German. B My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette butts (烟头) for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”. At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray (烟灰缸)” written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does! Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts. At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups in America. Now there are groups even in the UK, Australia, and India! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people. One day, it will be. 24.What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place? A. They made the town smelly. B. They made the town unhealthy. C. They made the town dirty. D. They made the town poor. 25.What does the writer do with the cigarette butts? A. Give ashtrays to the smokers. B. Stop people buying cigarettes. C. Pick up the cigarette butts. D. Win prizes for starting groups. 26.What can we know from the passage? A. No companies wanted to give money to them. B. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place. C. There are only 45 “No Butts About It” groups. D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes. 27.What is the best title for the passage? A. Save Our Town from Cigarette Butts B. Buy Yourself an Ashtray C. Stop Smoking for Your Health D. Protect the Environment in a Unique Way C An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in shifting the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study. “Media can markedly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content,” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, assistant professor of communication at the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences. Hahn is the first author of the new study, which adds an important part to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations（概念化）, like positive or negative effects of specific content, Hahnˈs study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight kids place on those values. Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality? The findings suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socialising childrenˈs morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction. For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teen story and edited the content to reflect in each version the studyˈs focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character. The stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. The team then created a scale（量表）designed to measure the importance kids place on moral values to find out how participants might be influenced by specific stories. “Measuring these effects can be difficult,” says Hahn of the research, published in the Journal of Media Psychology. “Thatˈs why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids. Nothing like that exists yet, that we know of.” 28.What does the underlined word “shifting” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Increasing. B. Changing. C. Reflecting. D. Replacing. 29.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The response of the general public to Hahnˈs study. B. The contribution of Hahnˈs study to childrenˈs literature. C. The difference between Hahnˈs study and previous studies. D. The branches of research on media influences on children. 30.What do the results of the study show? A. Good virtues can carry children through hard times. B. Good morals in stories help shape childrenˈs values. C. Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless. D. Reading stories is a better approach than formal instructions. 31.What did Hahnˈs team do for the study? A. They created a chain story out of an old character. B. They tested different moral principles in children. C. They illustrated the study for younger participants. D. They adapted a character and created five stories. D Researchers at the Allen Institute for AI in Seattle released new technology that was designed to make moral judgments. They called it Delphi. Anyone could visit the Delphi website and ask it a moral question. Psychologist Joseph Austerweil tested the technology using a few simple circumstances. When he asked if it was right to kill one person to save 100 others, it said he should. Feeling quite pleased, he then asked if he should kill one person to save 101 others. This time, Delphi said he should not. Though some users such as Austerweil found Delphi was sometimes frustrating and disturbing, most agreed that the system was surprisingly wise. Many technologists believed Delphi is an effort to address what some see as a major problem in modern AI systems: They can be as flawed as the people who create them. Facial recognition systems and digital assistants occasionally show prejudice against women and people of color. Social networks like Facebook fail to control hate speech, despite wide use of AI. AI systems used by courts make sentencing (判刑) recommendations that can often seem illogical. Many computer scientists are working to address that issue. And the creators of Delphi hope to build a moral framework that could be used in any online service, robot or vehicle. Delphi works like a neural (神经的) network that learns skills by analyzing large amounts of data. After gathering millions of everyday circumstances from websites and other sources, the Allen Institute asked workers on an online service—everyday people paid to do digital work at companies like Amazon—to identify each one as right or wrong. Then they fed the data—more than 1.7 million moral judgments by real live humans—into Delphi. When the Allen Institute released Delphi, it described the system as a computational model for moral judgments. But after many complained about the obvious limitations of the system, the researchers adjusted the website. It now calls Delphi “a research model designed to copy people’s moral judgments”. It also comes with an announcement: “Model outputs should not be used for advice for humans, and could be potentially offensive or harmful.” 32.What does Austerweil most probably think of Delphi? A. It lives up to his expectations. B. It is very professional and patient. C. It can’t answer questions on morality. D. All moral judgments made by it aren’t reasonable. 33.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 2? A. Wise. B. Sensitive. C. Faulty. D. Greedy. 34.How did Delphi learn morality? A. It acquired data on morality collected by Amazon. B. It analyzed humans’ vast number of moral judgments. C. It studied moral rules established by AI researchers. D. It collected moral judgments from a lot of websites. 35.What can be inferred from the passage? A. Delphi has been widely used in all walks of life. B. Delphi does justice to people of any race. C. Facial recognition systems become more precise. D. There is a long way to go before Delphi makes accurate moral judgements. 第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 How to Be a More Responsible Person Responsibility doesnˈt come at birth. It is something that is acquired as you age, go to school and progress in life. However, you can hear and see a lot of different things, both good and bad.      (36)     Thatˈs why your sense of responsibility depends only on you. All of it depends on your own decision. Here are a few tips on how to improve your sense of responsibility. ·     (37)      If you make a mistake, admit it. Instead of making excuses, give the true reason why you failed. By coming up with an excuse, you actually admit to being irresponsible. ·Stop complaining. Complainers are usually those who talk too much and do nothing. By always complaining about the world around you, you actually fill yourself with negativity.      (38)     Therefore, stop complaining! ·Overcome postponement. The first step to success is to stop putting things off. Postponement will lead you nowhere. Youˈre responsible for your own future, so stop delaying now and start taking action on what truly matters.      (39)     ​​​​​​​ ·Be consistent and stick to your schedule. Having a routine is good.      (40)     Try to wake up at the same time every day. Even on weekends, you could get up earlier instead of staying in bed until noon. This will give you some consistency. Plus, getting up early allows you to have more time for whatever you have to finish that day. Additionally, you should set a schedule for your work and personal tasks, and stick to it. A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Stop making excuses for yourself. C．By being negative, you are suffering terribly. D．You choose your own behaviour, actions and words. E．It means order and means you are on the right track. F．The hours you wasted could have been used for better things. G．Even though you never complain, you are obviously exhausted. 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。      Woodward was working at the restaurant. Just then she heard two firefighters   (41)   a particularly rough task fighting a   (42)   warehouse (仓库) fire that took 12 hours to get under control. She ended up paying for their breakfast and leaving them a   (43)   note thanking them for their service.     "Thank you for serving us and for   (44)   the places everyone runs away from. No matter your roles, you are always courageous and   (45)  ! Get some rest!" Woodward wrote in the note.     "It made me feel   (46)  —we firefighters are wanted, people care about us," Mount Holly Fire Department's Paul Hullings said about   (47)   the message.     His fellow firefighter Tim Young made a post about the dinner experience that was quickly   (48)   more than 3,000 times. However, it was not until afterward that they realized they could help Woodward in a   (49)   way.     "Turns out, the young lady who gave us a free meal is   (50)   the one who needs help. Her father has been a quadriplegic (四肢瘫痪者) since 2010." Young posted along with a   (51)   to a Gofundme page for Woodward's dad Steve.       (52)   news of Young and Hullings' return of kindness got out, the donations quickly met the page's $ 17,000 goal. One anonymous (匿名的) donor   (53)   by the story gave $5,000.     Steve Woodward was allowed to leave the hospital in Trenton as news of his   (54)   and the firefighters' kindness spread. He is now doing well back at home and the family wants to   (55)   a nonprofit (非营利性组织) to help people who are in need. 41.A. take up B. talk about C. carry out D. prepare for 42.A. large B. slight C. frequent D. dying 43.A. personal B. new C. secret D. kind 44.A. giving up B. looking for C. running into D. cleaning up 45.A. brave B. smart C. honest D. modest 46.A. sad B. convinced C. worried D. good 47.A. delivering B. receiving C. answering D. recording 48.A. enjoyed B. collected C. shared D. examined 49.A. similar B. cheerful C. traditional D. meaningful 50.A. really B. merely C. normally D. suddenly 51.A. note B. link C. letter D. picture 52.A. Since B. Before C. Although D. If 53.A. amused B. shocked C. inspired D. described 54.A. daughter B. friend C. boss D. neighbor 55.A. name B. guide C. sell D. create 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dr. Lin Qiaozhi,      (56)      is known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, is an amazing woman.      (57)      (affect) by her motherˈs death, she chose to work and study instead of following the traditional path of     (58)      (marry) at age 18. Her brother complained about her choice, but she      (59)     (respond), “Iˈd rather stay single to study all my life!” After graduating from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), she became the first woman ever      (60)      (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Then within six months, she was named a chief resident physician,      (61)      position that usually took four years to achieve.      (62)      (unfortunate), the department was closed because of the war. Thinking of the people in need of help, she opened a private clinic. She charged very low      (63)      (fee) to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. In 1954, she was elected to the first National Peopleˈs Congress and, over the next several decades, she held many important positions. But her heart was elsewhere. She showed more interest in tending patients,     (64)     (publish) medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. “As doctors, we should be responsible      (65)      the patients and treat them as our sisters,” she said. 第三节 翻译：汉译英（每小题3分，满分15分） 66.这个教授既不讲英语，也不讲德语。（neither...nor...） 67.要是这样的话，就得有人待在这儿。（省略句） 68.我打开门，发现我所有的同学都在等着我。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语） 69.看到她的丈夫，她挣扎着站起来，大喊道：“我在这里！”（现在分词短语作状语） 70.与外国友人相处时，要注意个人礼貌，保持谦虚和诚实。（现在分词短语作状语） 第四部分写作（共一节，满分25分） 第一节应用文写作（满分25分） 71.你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以“The Virtue I Value Most”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： （1）你最珍视的美德是什么； （2）说明原因； （3）呼吁大家发扬这一美德。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 The Virtue I Value Most ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页，共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 练习卷-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语必修第三册答案及详细解析 第一部分 词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1. harmful 2. Bitten 3. eagerness 4. tendency 5. operation 6. whispering 7. covering 8. energetic 9. causing 10. tension 第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 11. published 12. illustrate 13. virtue 14. imports 15. dilemma 16. precious 17. physician 18. staff 19. flexible 20. complained 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 阅读理解 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 第二节 七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. F 40. E 第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分45分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 第二节 语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 56. who 57.Affected 58.marriage/marrying 59.responded 60.to be hired 61.a 62.Unfortunately 63.fees 64.publishing 65.for 第3节 翻译：汉译英（每小题3分，满分15分） 66. The professor spoke neither English nor German. 67. If so, someone must stay here. 68. I opened the door and found all my classmates waiting for me. 69. Seeing her husband, she struggled to her feet and shouted, "Iˈm here!" 70. When getting along with your foreign friends, mind your manners and remain modest and honest./When getting on with your foreign friends, mind your manners and remain modest and honest. 第四部分写作（共一节，满分25分） 第一节应用文写作（满分25分） The Virtue I Value Most There are many virtues we should value to live a meaningful life, such as kindness, wisdom, courage and justice. However, what I value most is honesty. As the saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy." This is absolutely true. As one of the core socialist values, honesty is the fundamental factor on which all human relationships are based. Without honesty, our society will be filled with lies and fake products. As a result, nobody can be trusted and nothing can be achieved. My fellow students, letˈs always be honest. An honest person will win friends, an honest company will win customers, and an honest country will win the respect from the whole world. 第一部分 词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1.答案：harmful 解析：此处需要形容词作表语，构成固定搭配be harmful to（对……有害）。名词harm转换为形容词harmful。 句意：过量饮酒对你的健康有害。 2.答案：Bitten 解析：句子主语Susan和动词bite（咬）是被动关系（被蛇咬伤），因此用过去分词作原因状语；单词位于句首，首字母必须大写。 句意：被毒蛇咬伤后，她立刻被送往了医院。 3.答案：eagerness 解析：形容词性物主代词his后面需要接名词。形容词eager（急切的）转换为名词eagerness（急切、渴望），构成搭配in his eagerness（他急切之下）。 4.答案：tendency 解析：冠词a后需要接名词。动词tend（倾向于）转换为名词tendency（趋势、倾向），a tendency to do表示“做某事的倾向”。 5.答案：operation 解析：冠词an后面接名词。动词operate（做手术）转换为名词operation（手术），固定搭配recover from an operation（术后恢复）。 6.答案：whispering 解析：固定结构find sb.doing sth.（发现某人正在做某事），现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行，故填whispering。 7.答案：covering 解析：句子主语China和动词cover（覆盖、占地）是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，补充说明国土面积的情况。 8.答案：energetic 解析：as…as中间需要接形容词原级。名词energy（精力）转换为形容词energetic（精力充沛的）。 句意：他不如以前精力充沛了。 9.答案：causing 解析：此处是现在分词作结果状语，表示前面整件事自然而然导致的结果，意为“从而造成、导致”。 10.答案：tension 解析：动词ease（缓解）后面需要接名词作宾语。形容词tense（紧张的）转换为名词tension（紧张、紧张局势），ease the tension意为“缓解紧张”。 第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 11.答案：published 解析：词义“出版”。句子为被动语态“be+过去分词”，publish的过去分词为published。 12.答案：illustrate 解析：词义“阐明、举例说明”。不定式to后面必须接动词原形，故填illustrate。 13.答案：virtue 解析：词义“美德、品德”。本单元主题核心词汇，为可数名词，此处用单数形式。 14.答案：imports 解析：词义“进口、输入”。谓语动词为复数，说明主语为复数名词，import变复数直接加s。 15.答案：dilemma 解析：词义“困境、进退两难的局面”。固定搭配be in a dilemma（陷入两难境地）。 16.答案：precious 解析：词义“珍贵的、宝贵的”。形容词，用来修饰名词（时光、生命等）。 17.答案：physician 解析：词义“内科医生、医师”。区别于surgeon（外科医生），为高中课标重点词汇。 18.答案：staff 解析：词义“全体员工、工作人员”。集合名词，单复数同形。 19.答案：flexible 解析：词义“灵活的、可变通的”。形容词，可修饰时间、安排、制度等名词。 20.答案：complained 解析：词义“抱怨、诉苦”。根据语境判断句子时态为一般过去时，complain过去式直接加-ed。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 阅读理解 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） A篇 21~23. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了世界各地的人们回馈社会的四种创造性方式。 21. 【解析】细节理解题。根据Donation Fence部分“For the past six years, Hamburg donation Fence in Germany has encouraged locals in that city to hang bags of clean clothing, tooth brushes and sleeping bags on a fence near Hamburg’s central train station. People without homes can take those bags as needed.”可知, Donation Fence想要帮助那些无家可归的人，故选D. 22. 细节理解题。根据Little Free Libraries部分中“The goal is to promote reading, but when neighbors connect, community-building is a happy unexpected result.”可知, Little Free Libraries的目标是鼓励阅读，故选D. 23. 细节理解题。根据Commu App部分中“It also works in English, Ukrainian and Norwegian.”可知, Commu App使用挪威语,故选B. B篇 24~27. 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者姐妹两人为了不让人们乱扔烟头而发起了一个组织，并向公司或组织积极寻求帮助。在过去几年里，她们的组织给美国，甚至其他国家带来了影响。她们也因此受到奖励，但她们只希望地球环境变得更好。 24. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者姐妹两人为了不让人们乱扔烟头而发起了一个组织，并向公司或组织积极寻求帮助。在过去几年里，她们的组织给美国，甚至其他国家带来了影响。她们也因此受到奖励，但她们只希望地球环境变得更好。 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句可知，她们一开始认为，烟头让城镇变得非常难看。故选C项。 25. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，作者找公司赞助，买了烟灰缸给那些吸烟的人。故选A项。 26. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段可知，作者相信地球终有一天会变得更好、更干净。故选B项。 27. 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段，并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍作者和她的姐姐一直设法呼吁人们不要乱扔烟头，希望地球环境变得更好。由此可知，A项“拯救我们的城镇远离烟头”可以作为标题概括全文。故选A项。 C篇 28~31. 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于书中故事如何影响孩子道德观的研究。 28. 词义猜测题  第二段中Hahn所说的话是第一段中“Stories can play a role in shifting the importance of particular moral values in young audiences ...”一句的出处，也就是说作者用第一段中的这句话复述了Hahn的观点。根据Hahn所说的“‘Media can ... get kids to place more or less importance on those values ...”可知，信息传播媒介（文中指书籍）能让孩子更重视或更轻视某种价值观，即“改变”孩子对某种价值观的重视程度，由此推断，shifting在文中是“改变”的意思。 29. 主旨大意题   第三段第一句指出，研究媒介内容(media content)对孩子影响的文献有很多，接下来第二句对比了Hahn团队的研究与以往研究的不同：以往研究多是广义的概念化的，比如特定内容造成的积极或消极影响；而Hahn团队的研究具体到了哪些价值观的层面。由此可知，第三段主要讲的是Hahn团队的研究与以往研究的差别。 30. 推理判断题  本文第一段指出，故事会影响孩子对特定道德观念的重视程度，第四段又指出，孩子可以通过吸收读物中体现的道德信条形成自己的道德规范。由此推断，故事中的良好品德有助于塑造孩子的价值观，故B项正确。 31.  事实细节题  根据第五段可知，Hahn团队把一部青少年小说中的主角改编成了五个版本，四个版本突显四种不同的道德品质，第五个版本则是关于一个毫无道德观念的主角。然后，让约200个10到14岁的孩子阅读这些改编的故事。由此可知，D项正确。 D篇 32~35. 语篇解读  这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了艾伦人工智能研究所的研究人员发布了名为Delphi的新技术，旨在进行道德判断，但是Delphi要做出准确的道德判断还有很长的路要走。 32. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Though some users such as Austerweil found Delphi was sometimes frustrating and disturbing, most agreed that the system was surprisingly wise.”可推知，Austerweil对Delphi的看法是它做出的所有道德判断并不都是合理的。故选D。 33. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Though some users such as Austerweil found Delphi was sometimes frustrating and disturbing... Many technologists believed Delphi is an effort to address what some see as a major problem in moder AI systems: They can be... who create them.”可知，画线词所在句表达的内容被一些人看成是一个重大问题。由此可知，此处意为“它们可能和创造它们的人一样有缺陷”。故可猜测画线单词flawed为“有缺陷的”意思，与C项faulty“有故障的，有错误的”意思相近。故选C。 34. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Delphi works like a neural（神经的）network that learns skills by analyzing large amounts of data... the Allen Institute... fed the data—more than 1.7 million moral judgments by real live humans—into Delphi.”可推知，Delphi通过分析人类大量的道德判断来学习道德。故选B。 35. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many technologists believed Delphi is an effort to address what some see as a major problem in moder AI systems: They can be as flawed as the people who create them.”和最后一段中“It also comes with an announcement: ‘Model outputs should not be used for advice for humans, and could be potentially offensive or harmful.ˈ”可推知，Delphi要做出准确的道德判断还有很长的路要走。故选D。 第二节 七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36~40. 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条提升责任感的建议。 36. 上文“However, you can hear ... and bad.”提到我们会了解到许多不同的事情，好的、坏的都有。D项承接上文，且是下文your sense of responsibility depends only on you的原因，符合语境。故选D。 37. 分析文章结构可知，设空处是第二段的主旨句，是增强责任感的一种方法。由下文“If you make a mistake, admit it. Instead of making excuses, give the true reason why you failed.”可知，本段主要讲增强责任感的方法是“不要为自己找借口”。B项符合语境。故选B。 38. 上文“By always complaining ... negativity.”讲抱怨会让你变得十分消极。C项进一步阐述了由抱怨产生的消极所带来的后果，且与下文“Therefore, stop complaining!”构成因果关系，符合语境。故选C。 39. 上文“Youˈre responsible ... what truly matters.”讲不要再耽误时间。F项进一步指出耽误的后果，符合语境。故选F。 40. 上文“Having a routine is good.”讲生活有规律很好。E项解释了为什么生活有规律是件好事，承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分45分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 41~55. 【文章大意】本文讲述了饭店服务员为感谢消防员的付出而为他们买单，然而她没有想到的是，这两名消防员反过来又帮助了她。人间充满爱，处处有温暖。 41. 句意：就在那时，她听到两名消防队员谈论一项特别艰巨的任务，那就是扑灭一场大型仓库火灾，这场火灾花了12个小时才得到控制。A.take up占据；B.talk about谈论；C.carry out执行；D.prepare for准备。根据上文中的Woodward was working at the restaurant.和下文的She ended up...a   (43)   note可知，在饭店工作的Woodward听到两名消防员在谈论救火的事情。故选B。 42. 句意同上。A.large大的；B.slight稍微的；C.frequent频繁的；D.dying快要死的。结合上文中的rough task和下文中的took 12 hours to get under control可知，这是一场大火。故选A。 43. 句意：最后，她为他们付了早餐的钱，并留下了一张感谢他们服务的友好便条。A.personal个人的；B.new新的；C.secret秘密的；D.kind友好的，善良的。根据下文中的note thanking them for their service可知，这张便条的内容很友好。故选D。  44. 句意：谢谢你们为我们服务，也谢谢你们跑到每个人都逃避的地方。A.giving up放弃；B.looking for寻找；C.running into冲进；D.cleaning up清理。结合消防员的职责和下文中的everyone runs away from可知， Woodward感谢消防员们冲进别人纷纷逃离的地方。故选C。 45. 句意：不管你们的角色是什么，你们总是很勇敢。A.brave勇敢的；B.smart聪明的；C.honest诚实的；D.modest谦逊的。根据上文中的courageous可知，消防员们很勇敢。故选A。 46. 句意：“这让我感觉很好，我们消防员是被需要的，人们关心我们，”芒特霍利消防部门的Paul Hulling在谈到收到这条信息时说。A.sad悲伤的；B.convinced信服的；C.worried担心的；D.good好的。根据下文中的we firefighters are wanted可知，消防员Paul Hulling看到这封感谢信后，感觉很好。故选D。 47. 句意同上。A.delivering递送；B.receiving接收；C.answering回答；D.recording记录。根据上文中的leaving them a   (43)   note thanking them for their service可知，消防员收到了这则信息。故选B。 48. 句意：他的同事、消防员Tim Young将这次聚餐经历发了出来，很快就被转发了3000多次。A.enjoyed享受；B.collected收集；C.shared分享；D.examined检查，考试。帖子发出后，很快就被分享了很多次。故选C。 49. 句意：然而，直到后来他们才意识到他们可以以一种有意义的方式帮助Woodward。A.similar相似的；B.cheerful欢呼的；C.traditional传统的；D.meaningful有意义的。根据下文中的  (52)   news of Young and Hullings' return of kindness got out, the donations quickly met the page's $ 17,000 goal.可知，消防员意识到他们可以用一种有意义的方式来帮助Woodward。故选D。 50. 句意：原来，给我们免费饭菜的年轻女士才是真正需要帮助的人。A.really真正，确实；B.merely仅仅；C.normally正常地；D.suddenly突然。根据下文中的Her father has been a quadriplegic (四肢瘫痪者) since 2010.可知，Woodward确实很需要帮助。故选A。 51. 句意：Young还附上了Woodward父亲Steve的Gofundme页面链接。A.note便条；B.link联系，链接；C.letter信件；D.picture图画。根据下文中的a GoFundMe page可知，Young发帖的同时附上了一个链接。故选B。 52. 句意：自从Young和Hullings回报善心的消息传出后，捐款很快就达到了网站设定的17000美元的目标。A.Since自从；B.Before在……之前；C.Although尽管；D.If 如果。根据句意可知，故选A。 53. 句意：一位匿名捐赠者受到这个故事的鼓舞，捐了5000美元。A.amused娱乐；B.shocked震惊；C.inspired启发，激励；D.described描述。匿名者捐款是因为被他们的故事所鼓舞。故选C。 54. 句意：Steve Woodward被允许离开特伦顿的医院，因为他女儿和消防队员的善意传播开来。A.daughter女儿；B.friend朋友；C.boss老板；D.neighbor邻居。这个故事是关于Steve的女儿和两名消防员的。故选A。 55. 句意：他现在在国内过得很好，他的家人想创建一个非营利组织来帮助那些需要帮助的人。A.name命名；B.guide指导；C.sell售卖；D.create创造。根据下文a nonprofit (非营利性组织) to help people who are in need.可知，Woodward一家人想创办一个非营利性组织来帮助那些生活困难的人们。故选D。 第二节 语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 语篇解读：本篇是一篇人物记叙说明文，文章整体以时间为叙事线索，介绍了一位品德高尚、无私奉献的榜样人物（通常为医者、公益奉献者形象）的生平事迹、人生选择与精神品质。 56. 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Dr. Lin Qiaozhi，且空处在从句中作主语，故用who。 57. 考查非谓语动词。affect与she之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式作状语。 58. 考查词形转换/非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，故可用抽象名词marriage；也可用动词-ing形式。 59. 考查动词的时态。根据complained可知，此处应用一般过去时。 60. 考查非谓语动词。此处是“the first+名词+ to do sth.”结构，且hire和woman之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。 61. 考查冠词。此处表泛指，position作“职位”时是可数名词，且position的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。 62. 考查副词。空处作状语，应用副词，故用Unfortunately。 63. 考查名词复数。fee为可数名词，且其前没有限定词，故用复数形式。 64. 考查非谓语动词。空处与tending和training并列作介词in的宾语，故用动词-ing形式。 65. 考查介词。be responsible for意为“对……负责”，是固定搭配。 第4节 翻译：汉译英（每小题3分，满分15分） 66.这个教授既不讲英语，也不讲德语。（neither…nor…） 参考译文：The professor spoke neither English nor German. 详细解析 1. 必用结构：neither…nor… 固定搭配，精准表达“既不……也不……”，题目硬性要求。 2. 时态：描述过去的状态，谓语动词用过去式  spoke 。 3. 书写规范：语言名词 English、German 首字母必须大写。 67.要是这样的话，就得有人待在这儿。（省略句） 参考译文：If so, someone must stay here. 详细解析 1. 题目要求省略句： If so  是标准省略表达，完整形式=If it is so（如果情况是这样），极简地道，完全符合省略句考点。 2.  must  对应“就得、必须”，情态动词后接动词原形  stay 。 68.我打开门，发现我所有的同学都在等着我。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语） 参考译文：I opened the door and found all my classmates waiting for me. 详细解析 1. 时态： opened 、 found  统一用一般过去时，描述连续过去动作。 2. 考点要求现在分词作宾补：固定结构  find sb. doing sth. ， waiting  是现在分词，补充说明宾语classmates的动作状态，强调“正在等待”，精准命中语法得分点。 3. 固定搭配： wait for sb.  等待某人。 69.看到她的丈夫，她挣扎着站起来，大喊道：“我在这里！”（现在分词短语作状语） 参考译文：Seeing her husband, she struggled to her feet and shouted, "I'm here!" 详细解析 1. 考点要求现在分词作状语：句首  Seeing her husband  是现在分词短语作时间状语，逻辑主语是主句的she，表主动（她看到丈夫），完美符合题目语法要求。 2. 高分短语： struggled to her feet  挣扎着站起身，是单元高频固定搭配。 3. 时态：并列谓语  struggled  和  shouted  统一用一般过去时；直接引语标点、引号格式规范。 70.与外国友人相处时，要注意个人礼貌，保持谦虚和诚实。（现在分词短语作状语） 参考译文：When getting along with your foreign friends, mind your manners and remain modest and honest. 详细解析 1. 考点要求现在分词作状语： When getting along with…  是时间状语从句省略结构，完整形式=When you are getting along with…，现在分词作伴随状语，完全踩中考点。 2. 固定短语：  get along with  与……相处  mind your manners  注意礼貌  remain + 形容词  保持某种状态 3. 句式：主句为祈使句，用来给出建议、提醒，贴合原文语气。 第四部分写作（共一节，满分25分） 第一节应用文写作（满分25分） 详细解析 一、题目与体裁 主题：The Virtue I Value Most（我最珍视的美德） 体裁：议论文+校园演讲稿 核心立意：论证诚实这一美德的重要价值，发出倡议号召 二、逐段逐句深度解析 第一段：开篇引入+亮出中心论点 原文 There are many virtues we should value to live a meaningful life,such as kindness,wisdom,courage and justice.However,what I value most is honesty. 解析 1.先铺垫：列举善良、智慧、勇气、正义多种优秀美德，拓宽文章广度，避免开头直接说教。 2.转折聚焦：用However进行逻辑转折，自然引出全文核心——诚实。 3.语法亮点：what I value most名词性从句作主语，瞬间提升句式复杂度，拉开作文分数档次。 4.作用：开门见山，观点清晰，总领全文。 第二段：主体论证段（核心得分段） 原文 As the saying goes,"Honesty is the best policy."This is absolutely true.As one of the core socialist values,honesty is the fundamental factor on which all human relationships are based.Without honesty,our society will be filled with lies and fake products.As a result,nobody can be trusted and nothing can be achieved. 解析 1.名言加持：引用英语经典谚语Honesty is the best policy（诚信为上策），增强文章说服力与文采，是高分加分项。 2.正面说理：点明诚实是人际关系的根基、社会核心价值观，立意站位高远。 3.高级语法：on which all human relationships are based定语从句，语法结构高级工整。 4.反面假设论证：用Without honesty假设反面情况，说明缺失诚信的严重危害，正反对比，逻辑极强。 5.逻辑衔接：As a result（因此）自然引出后果，行文流畅条理清晰。 第三段：结尾倡议+主题升华 原文 My fellow students,let's always be honest.An honest person will win friends,an honest company will win customers,and an honest country will win the respect from the whole world. 解析 1.演讲口吻：My fellow students贴合演讲稿场景，拉近与听众距离。 2.排比升华：用三层递进排比，从「个人→企业→国家」三个维度，层层拔高诚实的价值。 3.收尾有力：结尾简洁利落，发出呼吁，升华主旨，正能量满满，完美收束全文。 三、全篇高分亮点总结 1.结构满分：总（提出观点）-分（论证道理）-总（总结倡议），标准议论文黄金结构。 2.逻辑严谨：列举→转折→引用→正面论证→反面论证→排比升华，层层递进。 3.句式丰富：简单句+复合从句+谚语+排比句，长短结合，不单调。 4.用词高级：fundamental、core values、as a result等书面高分词汇。 5.立意深刻：从小我延伸到社会、国家，思想深度远超普通作文。 四、写作可复用万能思路模板 1.开头：列举多种美德→转折点明自己最看重的美德 2.中间：名言+正面意义+反面危害 3.结尾：发出号召+分层升华价值 第1页，共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $