Unit 5 单元测试卷 2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语下册

冀教版八年级下册英语Unit 5单元测试卷 （考试时间：90 分钟 满分：120 分） Ⅰ. 单项选择（共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 1. The first paper ______ by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 2. —What ______ this tool used for? —It’s used for cutting wood easily. A. is B. was C. does D. did 3. This kind of new energy car ______ widely in our city now because it’s eco-friendly. A. uses B. is used C. used D. was used 4. We ______ to remember the great inventors who changed the world. A. ask B. are asked C. asked D. were asked 5. —Who ______ the first telephone? —Bell. He is a great inventor. A. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented 6. The machine ______ to make noodles. It works very efficiently. A. uses B. is used C. was used D. will be used 7. The story about the invention of the compass ______ in our English class yesterday. A. tells B. is told C. was told D. will be told 8. He is ______ clever ______ he can work out the problem about the invention quickly. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 9. The box is ______ light for me ______ carry it with one hand. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 10. We have ______ time ______ visit the Invention Museum this weekend. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 11. This invention is ______ a great one ______ it helps millions of people. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 12. Many new inventions ______ in our life since the Internet appeared. A. have appeared B. are appeared C. appeared D. were appeared 13. —When ______ you ______ about the invention of the light bulb? —Yesterday afternoon in the history class. A. do; learn B. did; learn C. will; learn D. are; learning 14. The invention of the train ______ people to travel faster and farther. A. makes B. enables C. lets D. helps 15. These old invention models ______ to the school library next week. A. will take B. will be taken C. take D. are taken 16. We should ______ the inventors for their great contributions to human beings. A. thank B. be thanked C. thanked D. were thanked 17. —______ the computer ______ in 1946? —Yes, it was. It was a great breakthrough in history. A. Was; invented B. Is; invented C. Did; invent D. Does; invent 18. The little boy is ______ young ______ understand how the machine works. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 19. Knowledge about inventions ______ through books, TV and the Internet. A. spreads B. is spread C. spread D. was spread 20. This kind of pen ______ smoothly. It’s popular among students. A. writes B. is written C. wrote D. was written Ⅱ. 完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） In history, many great inventions have changed our world greatly. These inventions 21._______ by smart people, and they have made our life easier and more convenient. The wheel is one of the oldest inventions. It 22._______ thousands of years ago. Before the wheel was invented, people had to carry heavy things by hand or by wagon without wheels. It was 23.________ hard for them to move things. After the wheel was invented, transportation became much easier. People could travel farther and carry more things with less effort. They could also use wheels to make carts, which 24._______ their work more efficient. Another great invention is the light bulb. It 25._______ by Edison in 1879. Before that, people used candles or oil lamps to light up their rooms at night. The light bulb is bright enough 26._________ people to work and study at night. It has brought light to our life and changed the way we live. The telephone is also an important invention. It 27.________ people to communicate with each other far away. Before the telephone was invented, people kept in touch by writing letters, which took a long time. Now, with the telephone, we can talk to our friends or family anywhere easily. This invention 28._______ a big difference to our daily communication. These great inventions show people’s creativity. They 29.______ our life and make the world a better place. We should learn from the inventors and keep trying to create new things. I believe that more great inventions 30._______ in the future to help us solve more problems. 21. A. invent B. invented C. are invented D. were invented 22. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 23. A. too B. enough C. so D. such 24. A. made B. was made C. makes D. is made 25. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 26. A. for B. to C. with D. of 27. A. allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. was allowed 28. A. makes B. made C. is made D. was made 29. A. improve B. improves C. improved D. have improved 30. A. will invent B. will be invented C. invent D. are invented Ⅲ. 阅读理解（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） A Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. He was born in 1847 and died in 1931. He invented more than 1,000 things in his life, including the light bulb, the phonograph and the motion picture camera. Edison was not good at school when he was a child. He often asked strange questions and didn’t like to follow the rules. His teacher thought he was stupid and asked his mother to take him home. His mother taught him at home and encouraged him to be curious. Edison loved reading and experimenting. He spent a lot of time doing experiments in his home laboratory. The light bulb is one of Edison’s most famous inventions. Before the light bulb was invented, people used candles and oil lamps, which were not bright enough and dangerous. Edison tried more than 1,000 materials to make the light bulb work. Finally, he succeeded in 1879. The light bulb was widely used all over the world and changed people’s life greatly. Edison once said, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” His story tells us that hard work and persistence are the keys to success. 31. How many inventions did Edison make in his life? A. More than 500. B. More than 1,000. C. Less than 1,000. D. Exactly 1,000. 32. Why did Edison’s teacher ask his mother to take him home? A. Because he was ill. B. Because he was stupid. C. Because he didn’t like school. D. Because he often asked strange questions and didn’t follow the rules. 33. What did Edison use to make the light bulb work? A. More than 1,000 materials. B. Candles and oil lamps. C. Phonographs. D. Motion picture cameras. 34. When did Edison invent the light bulb? A. In 1847. B. In 1879. C. In 1931. D. In 1889. 35. What can we learn from Edison’s story? A. We should be curious and hard-working. B. We should follow the rules at school. C. We should not ask strange questions. D. We should not do experiments at home. B The compass is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. It was invented more than 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. At first, it was used for divination (占卜). Later, it was used for navigation (导航). The earliest compass was made of a piece of lodestone (磁石). Lodestone is a kind of natural magnet that can point to the south. Ancient people found that lodestone could always point in a certain direction. They shaped the lodestone into a spoon and put it on a smooth bronze plate. The spoon would spin and stop with its handle pointing to the south. This was called “sinan” (司南), the earliest form of the compass. With the development of technology, the compass was improved. Later, people made compasses with iron needles. They magnetized (磁化) the iron needles and put them on a piece of wood or paper that floated on water. This kind of compass was more convenient and accurate. The compass was introduced to Europe in the 12th century. It helped European sailors sail across the ocean and discover new lands. It played an important role in the Age of Exploration. Today, the compass is still used in navigation, such as in ships and planes. 36. When was the compass invented? A. More than 1,000 years ago. B. More than 2,000 years ago. C. In the 12th century. D. During the Ming Dynasty. 37. What was the earliest compass used for? A. Navigation. B. Divination. C. Farming. D. Cooking. 38. What was the earliest compass made of? A. Iron needles. B. Wood. C. Lodestone. D. Paper. 39. When was the compass introduced to Europe? A. In the 12th century. B. In the 13th century. C. More than 2,000 years ago. D. During the Han Dynasty. 40. Which of the following is TRUE about the compass? A. It was invented in Europe. B. It is no longer used today. C. It helped European sailors discover new lands. D. The earliest compass was made of iron needles. C In modern life, we can’t live without inventions. From the wheel to the Internet, inventions have changed the way we live, work and play. Let’s look at some modern inventions and their influences. The refrigerator is a very useful invention. It was invented in the 19th century. Before the refrigerator was invented, people couldn’t keep food fresh for a long time. They had to eat raw food or use ice to keep food cool. The refrigerator can keep food fresh by freezing or cooling it. It helps us save food and avoid food waste. The smartphone is another important modern invention. It combines a telephone, a computer and a camera. We can use it to make calls, send messages, surf the Internet, take photos and watch videos. It makes communication and entertainment easier. We can do almost everything with a smartphone in our hands. AI (Artificial Intelligence) is a new invention that is developing fast. It is used in many fields, such as medical care, education and transportation. AI can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately, help students learn better and make transportation safer. Inventions are created by people’s creativity and hard work. They bring convenience and happiness to our life. We should respect inventors and encourage more people to create new things for the world. 41. What can the refrigerator do? A. Make calls and send messages. B. Keep food fresh. C. Diagnose diseases. D. Help students learn better. 42. When was the refrigerator invented? A. In the 18th century. B. In the 19th century. C. In the 20th century. D. In the 21st century. 43. What can we NOT do with a smartphone? A. Make calls. B. Surf the Internet. C. Keep food fresh. D. Take photos. 44. Which field is AI NOT used in according to the passage? A. Medical care. B. Education. C. Transportation. D. Farming. 45. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of ancient inventions. B. The influence of modern inventions. C. How to invent new things. D. The life of inventors. Ⅳ. 词汇运用（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） A) 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。 46. Edison was a great i______. He invented many useful things. 47. The light b______ was invented by Edison. It brings light to our life. 48. The compass is one of the four great i______ of ancient China. 49. This machine is used to h______ food quickly. 50. The Internet c______ people around the world and makes communication easier. B) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 51. The telephone ______ (invent) by Bell in 1876. 52. This kind of bag ______ (make) of eco-friendly materials. It’s good for the environment. 53. We ______ (tell) that the great invention changed our life greatly. 54. The compass ______ (use) for navigation now. 55. Many new things ______ (invent) in the past ten years. C) 从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次） invent, use, spread, improve, allow 56. The wheel ______ thousands of years ago. It made transportation easier. 57. This tool ______ to process raw milk. It can kill harmful bacteria. 58. Knowledge ______ quickly through books and the Internet. 59. New inventions ______ our life and make it more convenient. 60. The new rules ______ people to use public transport for free. Ⅴ. 句型转换（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 61. Edison invented the light bulb in 1879.（改为被动语态） The light bulb ______ ______ by Edison in 1879. 62. People use the compass for navigation.（改为被动语态） The compass ______ ______ for navigation by people. 63. We can use this machine to process food.（改为被动语态） This machine ______ ______ ______ to process food by us. 64. The box is too heavy for me to carry.（改为同义句） The box is ______ heavy ______ I can’t carry it. 65. She is tall enough to reach the book.（改为同义句） She is ______ tall ______ she can reach the book. 66. The telephone was invented by Bell.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the telephone invented by? 67. They improved the compass in the Song Dynasty.（改为被动语态） The compass ______ ______ by them in the Song Dynasty. 68. This book is written for children.（改为一般疑问句） ______ this book ______ for children? 69. He is too young to go to school.（改为同义句） He is ______ ______ enough to go to school. 70. We will invent more new things in the future.（改为被动语态） More new things ______ ______ ______ by us in the future. Ⅵ. 书面表达（满分 10 分） 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Mike 对中国的四大发明很感兴趣，来信向你询问相关情况。请你根据提示，给 Mike 写一封邮件，介绍其中一项你最喜欢的中国发明。 提示： 1. 选择一项中国发明（指南针、造纸术、印刷术、火药）； 2. 介绍它的发明时间、发明者（可模糊描述）、用途； 3. 说明它的影响和意义； 4. 表达你对这项发明的看法。 要求： 1. 词数 80—100； 2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确； 3. 包含所有提示内容，可适当发挥； 4. 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, I’m glad to receive your email. You asked about the Four Great Inventions of China. Among them, I like the compass best. Let me tell you about it. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ I’m proud of this great invention. It shows the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. What about your favorite invention? Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案及详细解析 1. D 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：第一张纸是东汉时期蔡伦发明的。主语The first paper与invent是被动关系，时间状语in the Eastern Han Dynasty（东汉时期）表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故选D。 2. A 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态的特殊疑问句。句意：——这个工具是用来做什么的？——它是用来轻松切割木头的。be used for sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，主语this tool是单数，结合答句的is used，可知用一般现在时，be动词用is，故选A。 3. B 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：这种新能源汽车现在在我们城市被广泛使用，因为它很环保。主语This kind of new energy car与use是被动关系，时间状语now表示现在，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，use的过去分词是used，故选B。 4. B 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：我们被要求记住那些改变世界的伟大发明家。主语We与ask是被动关系，描述客观要求，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“are + 过去分词”，ask的过去分词是asked，故选B。 5. A 解析：考查一般过去时主动语态。句意：——谁发明了第一部电话？——贝尔。他是一位伟大的发明家。主语Who与invent是主动关系，发明电话是过去的动作，用一般过去时，invent的过去式是invented，故选A。 6. B 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：这台机器被用来做面条。它工作效率很高。主语The machine与use是被动关系，描述机器的用途（客观事实），用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，use的过去分词是used，故选B。 7. C 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：关于指南针发明的故事昨天在我们的英语课上被讲述了。主语The story与tell是被动关系，时间状语yesterday表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，tell的过去分词是told，故选C。 8. C 解析：考查so...that...句式。句意：他太聪明了，能很快解出这道关于发明的难题。so + 形容词/副词 + that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”；too...to...后接动词原形（表否定）；enough...to...后接动词原形（enough需后置）；such...that...后接名词短语，此处clever是形容词，空格后是从句，故选C。 9. B 解析：考查enough...to...句式。句意：这个盒子对我来说足够轻，可以用一只手搬起来。enough + 形容词/副词 + to do sth. 表示“足够……去做某事”；too...to...表“太……而不能”（否定）；so...that.../such...that...后接从句，此处light是形容词，空格后是动词原形carry，且表肯定含义，故选B。 10. B 解析：考查enough...to...句式。句意：这个周末我们有足够的时间去参观发明博物馆。enough + 名词 + to do sth. 表示“有足够的……去做某事”；too...to...表否定；so...that.../such...that...后接从句，此处time是名词，空格后是动词原形visit，故选B。 11. D 解析：考查such...that...句式。句意：这项发明是如此伟大的一项发明，以至于它帮助了数百万人。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”；so...that...后接形容词/副词；too...to.../enough...to...后接动词原形，此处a great one（一项伟大的发明）是名词短语，故选D。 12. A 解析：考查现在完成时主动语态。句意：自从互联网出现以来，我们生活中出现了许多新发明。appear是不及物动词，无被动语态，排除B、D；时间状语since the Internet appeared（自从互联网出现以来）表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，appear的过去分词是appeared，故选A。 13. B 解析：考查一般过去时主动语态。句意：——你什么时候学习的关于电灯泡发明的知识？——昨天下午的历史课上。根据答句Yesterday afternoon，可知用一般过去时，疑问句中助动词用did，后面的动词learn用原形，故选B。 14. B 解析：考查动词辨析。句意：火车的发明使人们能够更快、更远地旅行。enable sb. to do sth. 表示“使某人能够做某事”；make/let sb. do sth. （后接动词原形，无to）；help sb. (to) do sth. （to可省略），结合空格后的to travel，故选B。 15. B 解析：考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：这些旧的发明模型下周将被带到学校图书馆。主语These old invention models与take是被动关系，时间状语next week表示将来，用一般将来时被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”，take的过去分词是taken，故选B。 16. A 解析：考查一般现在时主动语态。句意：我们应该感谢发明家们对人类的巨大贡献。主语We与thank是主动关系，情态动词should后接动词原形，故选A。 17. A 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句。句意：——计算机是在1946年被发明的吗？——是的，它是。这是历史上的一个重大突破。主语the computer与invent是被动关系，时间状语in 1946表示过去，一般疑问句用was开头，后接过去分词invented，故选A。 18. A 解析：考查too...to...句式。句意：这个小男孩太小了，不能理解这台机器是如何工作的。too + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“太……而不能做某事”；enough...to...表肯定；so...that.../such...that...后接从句，此处空格后是动词原形understand，且表否定含义，故选A。 19. B 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：关于发明的知识通过书籍、电视和互联网传播。主语Knowledge与spread是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，spread的过去分词是spread，故选B。 20. A 解析：考查一般现在时主动语态（不及物动词用法）。句意：这种笔写起来很流畅。它在学生中很受欢迎。write此处为不及物动词，表“（笔）写字流畅”，无被动语态，描述笔的特性（客观事实），用一般现在时，主语This kind of pen是单数，谓语动词用writes，故选A。 Ⅱ. 完形填空（15 分） 21. D 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：这些发明是由聪明的人发明的，它们让我们的生活变得更轻松、更方便。主语These inventions与invent是被动关系，“发明”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented，故选D。 22. B 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：它（轮子）是在几千年前被发明的。主语It（指代the wheel）与invent是被动关系，时间状语thousands of years ago表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，故选B。 23. A 解析：考查too...to...固定搭配（省略to do）。句意：对他们来说，搬东西太困难了。too + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth. 表示“太……而不能做某事”，此处省略了to move，enough需后置，so后接that从句，such后接名词短语，故选A。 24. A 解析：考查一般过去时主动语态。句意：他们还可以用轮子制作马车，这使他们的工作更高效。which指代前文“用轮子制作马车”这件事，与make是主动关系，结合前文could可知用一般过去时，make的过去式是made，故选A。 25. B 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：它（电灯泡）是爱迪生在1879年发明的。主语It（指代the light bulb）与invent是被动关系，时间状语in 1879表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，故选B。 26. A 解析：考查enough for sb. to do sth. 固定搭配。句意：电灯泡足够亮，能让人们在晚上工作和学习。enough + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 表示“足够……让某人做某事”，to后接动词原形，其他介词不搭配此结构，故选A。 27. A 解析：考查一般现在时主动语态。句意：它（电话）让人们能够与远方的人交流。主语It（指代the telephone）与allow是主动关系，描述电话的功能（客观事实），用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用allows，故选A。 28. A 解析：考查一般现在时主动语态及固定短语。句意：这项发明给我们的日常交流带来了很大的改变。make a difference 表示“产生影响、带来改变”，主语This invention是单数，描述客观影响用一般现在时，谓语动词用makes，故选A。 29. D 解析：考查现在完成时主动语态。句意：它们（发明）已经改善了我们的生活，让世界变得更美好。结合前文“have changed our world”及语境，“改善生活”是从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，improve的过去分词是improved，故选D。 30. B 解析：考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：我相信未来会有更多伟大的发明来帮助我们解决更多问题。主语more great inventions与invent是被动关系，时间状语in the future表示将来，用一般将来时被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”，故选B。 Ⅲ. 阅读理解（30 分） A篇 31. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“He invented more than 1,000 things in his life”可知，爱迪生一生发明了超过1000件东西，故选B。 32. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He often asked strange questions and didn’t like to follow the rules. His teacher thought he was stupid and asked his mother to take him home.”可知，爱迪生的老师让他妈妈把他带回家，是因为他经常问奇怪的问题，不喜欢遵守规则，故选D。 33. A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Edison tried more than 1,000 materials to make the light bulb work.”可知，爱迪生尝试了超过1000种材料来让电灯泡工作，故选A。 34. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Finally, he succeeded in 1879.”可知，爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡，故选B。 35. A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Edison loved reading and experimenting. He spent a lot of time doing experiments in his home laboratory.”和第四段最后一句“His story tells us that hard work and persistence are the keys to success.”可知，我们可以从爱迪生的故事中学到，我们应该充满好奇心，并且努力工作，故选A。 B篇 36. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It was invented more than 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty.”可知，指南针是在2000多年前被发明的，故选B。 37. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“At first, it was used for divination (占卜).”可知，最早的指南针被用来占卜，故选B。 38. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The earliest compass was made of a piece of lodestone (磁石).”可知，最早的指南针是用磁石做的，故选C。 39. A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The compass was introduced to Europe in the 12th century.”可知，指南针在12世纪被传入欧洲，故选A。 40. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“It helped European sailors sail across the ocean and discover new lands.”可知，指南针帮助欧洲水手发现了新的土地，故选C；A选项错误，指南针是中国发明的；B选项错误，指南针现在仍被使用；D选项错误，最早的指南针是用磁石做的，不是铁针。 C篇 41. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“The refrigerator can keep food fresh by freezing or cooling it.”可知，冰箱能保持食物新鲜，故选B。 42. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It was invented in the 19th century.”可知，冰箱是在19世纪被发明的，故选B。 43. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“We can use it to make calls, send messages, surf the Internet, take photos and watch videos.”可知，智能手机不能用来保持食物新鲜，保持食物新鲜是冰箱的功能，故选C。 44. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“It is used in many fields, such as medical care, education and transportation.”可知，人工智能被用于医疗、教育和交通领域，没有提到农业领域，故选D。 45. B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了现代发明（冰箱、智能手机、人工智能）及其对人们生活的影响，故选B。 Ⅳ. 词汇运用（15 分） A) 46. inventor 解析：句意：爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，他发明了许多有用的东西。inventor“发明家”，空前有a，用单数形式，故填inventor。 47. bulb 解析：句意：电灯泡是爱迪生发明的，它给我们的生活带来了光明。light bulb“电灯泡”，是固定短语，故填bulb。 48. inventions 解析：句意：指南针是中国古代四大发明之一。invention“发明”，one of后接复数名词，故填inventions。 49. heat 解析：句意：这台机器被用来快速加热食物。heat“加热”，be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填heat。 50. connects 解析：句意：互联网连接了世界各地的人们，使交流变得更容易。connect“连接”，主语The Internet是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式connects，故填connects。 B) 51. was invented 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：电话是贝尔在1876年发明的。主语The telephone与invent是被动关系，时间状语in 1876表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 52. is made 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：这种袋子是用环保材料做的，它对环境有好处。主语This kind of bag与make是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，make的过去分词是made，故填is made。 53. were told 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：有人告诉我们，这项伟大的发明极大地改变了我们的生活。主语We与tell是被动关系，“被告知”是过去的事情，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”，tell的过去分词是told，故填were told。 54. is used 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：指南针现在被用来导航。主语The compass与use是被动关系，时间状语now表示现在，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，use的过去分词是used，故填is used。 55. have been invented 解析：考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：在过去的十年里，许多新东西被发明出来。主语Many new things与invent是被动关系，时间状语in the past ten years表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态，结构为“have been + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented，故填have been invented。 C) 56. was invented 解析：句意：轮子是几千年前被发明的，它使交通变得更容易。主语The wheel与invent是被动关系，时间状语thousands of years ago表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 57. is used 解析：句意：这台工具被用来加工生牛奶，它能杀死有害细菌。主语This tool与use是被动关系，描述客观用途，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，use的过去分词是used，故填is used。 58. spreads 解析：句意：知识通过书籍和互联网快速传播。主语Knowledge与spread是主动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式spreads，故填spreads。 59. have improved 解析：句意：新发明改善了我们的生活，使它更方便。“改善生活”是从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，主语New inventions是复数，助动词用have，improve的过去分词是improved，故填have improved。 60. allow 解析：句意：新规则允许人们免费使用公共交通。主语The new rules与allow是主动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形allow，故填allow。 Ⅴ. 句型转换（10 分） 61. was invented 解析：一般过去时主动语态变被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语The light bulb是单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 62. is used 解析：一般现在时主动语态变被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语The compass是单数，be动词用is，use的过去分词是used，故填is used。 63.can be used 解析：情态动词主动语态变被动语态，结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，.can后接be，use的过去分词是used，故填can be used。 64.so; that 解析：too...to...（太……而不能……）可以转换为so...that...（如此……以至于……），that后接否定从句，故填so; that。 65.so; that 解析：enough...to...（足够……去做某事）可以转换为so...that...（如此……以至于……），that后接肯定从句，故填so; that。 66.Who was 解析：对动作执行者提问，用who，一般过去时被动语态的特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语the telephone是单数，be动词用was，故填Who was。 67.was improved 解析：一般过去时主动语态变被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语The compass是单数，be动词用was，improve的过去分词是improved，故填was improved。 68.Is; written 解析：一般现在时被动语态变一般疑问句，将be动词is提前，written不变，故填Is; written。 69.not old 解析：too young to go to school（太小而不能上学）等同于not old enough to go to school（不够大，不能上学），故填not old。 70.will be invented 解析：一般将来时主动语态变被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented，故填will be invented。 Ⅵ. 书面表达（10 分） 参考范文 Dear Mike, I’m glad to receive your email. You asked about the Four Great Inventions of China. Among them, I like the compass best. Let me tell you about it. The compass was invented more than 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. It was first made of lodestone and used for divination. Later, it was improved and used for navigation. It helped ancient Chinese sailors sail safely and also helped European sailors discover new lands in the Age of Exploration. I think the compass is a great invention. It shows the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and plays an important role in the development of world navigation. I’m proud of this great invention. It shows the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. What about your favorite invention? Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $